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8/14/2019 85651248-Organic-Farming-Final-Ppt.pdf
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Role of Organic Farming in Producing High Value Agricultural
Products, Creating Job Opportunity with Various Possible Organic
Inputs and Sources
H A R A M A Y A U N I V E R SI T Y
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Prepared By AyeleAkuma
Avoid
usage of
Synthetic
chemical
inputs
Nutrients rich
yield
Organic Farming
College of Agr icult ur e and Envir onment al
Science
School of Natural resourceM anagement &Environmental
Science
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Concept of Organi Farmin
Avoid
usage of
Synthetic
chemical
inputs
Natural
and farm
resources
Biological
diversity
Nutrients rich
yield
Organic Farming
inputs pest control
Environment &
Local farming
system
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Organic Farming -- Benefi ts -- Why
Improves soil structureLow input costNatural controls of pests and diseases
Prevents the soil erosionPremium quality productPollution free approachMaking available all the essential nutrients.
About one million people suffer from pesticidespoisoning.
20000 die every year due to the toxic effect ofthe chemicals used in agriculture. The crop loss due to pest is still 15000 crores.
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To develop a sustainable agriculture system
To develop self-sufficient agriculture system
To work within natural system and cycles.
To encourage and enhance biological cycles
Objectives of Organic farmin
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Methods
Crop rotation
Mulching
Composting
Agro forestry
Green Manure
Biofertilizers IntegratedIntegrated pestpest managementmanagement
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Crop Rotation
Crop rotation means havingtimes where the fertility ofthe soil is being built up andtimes where crops are grownwhich remove nutrients
Crop rotation also helps avariety of natural predatorsto survive on the farm
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Composting
Compost is organic matter (plant andanimal residues) which has been rotteddown by the action of bacteria and otherorganisms, over a period of time
Compost improves the structure of the
soil
Compost improves soil fertility by addingnutrients and by making it easier forplants to take up the nutrients already inthe soil
Compost improves the soil's ability to holdwater
Provide nutrients for plants but do notimprove soil structure
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Mulching
Mulching means covering the groundwith a layer of loose material such ascompost, manure, straw, dry grass,leaves or crop residues.
How to use mulches
o
Always apply mulches to a warm, wetsoil
o Care should be taken as to the thicknessof the mulch applied
o To clear an area of land of persistentweeds a layer of 10cm or more can beused.
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Green manures
Green manures, often known as covercrops, are plants which are grown toimprove the structure, organic mattercontent and nutrient content of thesoil
They are grown for their green leafymaterial which is high in nutrients andprovides soil cover
Green manures
o Improve the ability of the soil to holdwater
o Control soil erosion
o Improve soil structure
o Improve soil fertility
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Major Cause: Nutrient
Deficiency In Soil
Nutrients are taken up primar ily by the roots in the
form of an aqueous solut ion in the soil
Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O carbohydrates (CHO) + O2
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FERTILIZERS
Chemical Fertilizers
(Conventional Farming)
Biological Fertilizers
(Organic Farming)
1. Soils may be naturally low in nutrients2. Deficient due to nutrient removal by crops
3. When high yielding varieties are grown
(In order to obtain high yields, Fertilizers are needed).
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Biofertilizers
What is Biofertilizer?
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Biofertilizers are :
Biofertilizers includes selective
microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, algae
which are capable of fixing atmospheric N or
convert insoluble phosphate and other salts inthe soil into forms available to plants.
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Why Biofertilizers???Disadvantages of chemical fertilizers: The chemical fertilizers are used for better crop yield which are also
providing N,P.
But use of these fertilizers in excess of recommended levels in orderto ensure high yields(generally farmers do),cause environmental
pollution.
These environmental contamination & over supply of nutrients canlead to negative consequences on humans and animals.
- Ingestion of nitrate can be toxic to humans.
It cause eutrophication.
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Advantages1. Biofertilizers are supplements to chemical
fertilizers.
2. They are cheap & can help to reduce fertilizer consumption.
3. They provide biological nitrogen directly toplants
4. They help in solubilization & mineralization ofother plants nutrients like phosphates.
5. Stimulates plant growth by secreting growthhormones.
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Advantages of Biofertilizers
Renewable source of nutrients
Sustain soil health
Supplement chemical fertilizers.
Replace 25-30% chemical fertilizers
Decompose plant residues, and stabilize C:N ratio of soil
No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.
Secrete fungistatic and antibiotic like substances
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Targeted All crops
Rhizobium: legumes,
BGA-Azolla: Rice, Azotobacter,
Azospirillum : Most cereals,
cotton, sugarcane
Shelf life long Short for bacteria, long for BGA
Accessibility Affordable section Small and marginal farmers
Irrigation More useful to irrigated field Useful for both irrigated and dry
land farming
Cost High cost Low cost
Soil health Indiscriminate use deteriorates
the soil health
Improves the soil health
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Problems with Biofertilizers
Microbial fertilizers are supplementary to chemicalfertilizers but not substitute to it.
Specific fertilizer are to be used for specific crops.
Efficiency of microbial fertilizer is markedly
dependent on soil character
Shorter self life(6 month).
Sensitivity to temperature.
More chance of contamination
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Types of biofertilizers Nitrogen fixers
1. Symbiotic:Rhizobium, Frankia
2. Non symbiotic:Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Blue greenalgae,Azolla, Acetobacter
Phosphate supplier
1. Phosphate solubiliser:Bacillus, Pseudomonas,Aspergillus
2. Phosphate absorber: V.A.Mycorrhiza (VAM fungi)
Legume inoculation
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Types of biofertilizers
Sulphur supplier
1. Thiobacillus novellus, Aspergillus
Organic matter decomposer and microbial cell mass.
1. Cellulose decomposer, Lignin decomposer.
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Components of Biofertilizers
Biofertilizers are basically composed of twocomponents; microorganisms and carriers.
A. Micro-organisms
A number of micro-organisms fix atmosphericnitrogen or solubilize soil phosphorus
B. Carrier
Carrier is the bulky component of a biofertilizer, whichpreserves the microorganisms alive till they areapplied.
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Where we get Biofertilizers?
These can be prepared in
Laboratory
Fields
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RootNodules
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BIOFERTILIZER ORGANISMS
RHIZOBIUM
AZOSPIRILLUM
VA-MYCORRHIZA
BLUE GREEN ALGAE
AZOTOBACTER
PSB
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Preparation and Application of
Inoculum Seed Inoculation
Liquid inoculation
Granular inoculation Rhizobium-inoculant mixed with compost
Green manure form and dual crop form (Azolla)
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I norganic V/ s Organic farmin
Inorganic Farming Organic Farming
Against Nature Harmony with Nature
Soil structure destroyed Soil structure improves
More chemical residues present incrops
No chemical residues
Low quality produce Premium quality
Highly fluctuation in yield Satisfactory and reliable yield
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Stati sti cal data - Important facts
Currently 32.2 million hectares of agricultural land aremanaged organically and the value for organic foods inglobal market $26 billion US dollar, and is expected togrow to 102 billion US dollars in 2014.
Today, 395 organizations worldwide offer organiccertificationservices.
Many of the certification organizations also operate
outside of their home country.
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Organic Food Markets
17835
5800
30412065 1500 1284 1023 1000 905 868
World Top ten domestic markets for organic food
Million Euros
Source: www. fibl.org/IFOAM Survey 2010
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Global MarketAnnual Growth =15-20%
USA =11-13 BN US $
J apan =350-450 MN US $
Europe =10-11 BN US $
Ethiopia
BothBoth domesticdomestic andand exportexport marketmarket
StartsStarts fromfrom exportexport marketmarket drivendriven
StartedStarted inin yearyear 1996(1996( Sesame,Sesame, ManduraMandura)) MainMain productsproducts exported(exported( coffee,coffee, SesameSesame andand
Honey)Honey)
CoffeeCoffee taketake thethe largestlargest shareshare
Export
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Organic Producers
Individual farmers
Farmer groups
NGO projects
Companies
Estates
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Major Products produced by Organic Farming
Type Products
Commodity Tea, Coffee, Rice, Wheat
Spices Cardamom, Black pepper, white pepper, ginger,
turmeric, vanilla, mustard, tamarind, clove,
cinnamon, nutmeg, mace chillyPulses Faba Bean, Groundnut, pea, Red Gram, Black
Gram, lentil etc.
Fruits Mango, Banana, Pineapple, Grape, passion fruit,
Orange, Cashew nut, walnut
Vegetables Cabbage, Garlic, Onion, Tomato, Potato, lettuce
Oilseeds Sesame, castor, sunflower
Others Cotton, herbal extract
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Growing DemandHealth Conscious
Selling of organic produce at premium
Rising Income levels
Rising demand for exports
Socio-cultural environment
Keep farmer community healthy
Prospects of Organic Farming
Awareness among farmers
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Core principals to Organic Farming
1. Soil Organic Matter
2. Soil Organisms
3. Bacteria & Fungi
4. Organic Fertilizers
5. Natural Predators
6. Balance
7. Diversification
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Effect of Organic farming
Long-term productivity of the land
Food security and stability
Environmental impact
Social impact
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GovernmentSupportLack of Financial support
Undefined Market structure
Consumer awareness
Training
Certification costLow yield in early stages
Labour Intensive
Transition time to organic
Policy Initiatives
Marketing of produce
Infrastructure and Funds forscientific studies
Constraints
&
Challenges
Constraint & Challenge
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Organic farming Disadvantages
Productivity
Skill
Cost
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Provide financial incentives
Recommendations
Research and technology development
Incentive campaign
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Availability of quality organic manure to the farmers
Conclusion
Market development
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EAT ORGANIC DREAM ORGANIC LIVE ORGANIC