9 9 General Epochal Adjustments General Epochal Adjustments II. Covenants and Canon III. Covenant Dynamics I. Basic Idea

9 9

GeneralEpochal

Adjustments

GeneralEpochal

Adjustments

II. Covenants and Canon II. Covenants and Canon

III. Covenant Dynamics III. Covenant Dynamics

I. Basic Idea I. Basic Idea

Literary Approach (13.1)Literary Approach (13.1)

Investigation of Texts: Literary Analysis

ModernApplication

AudienceWriter

Document

Acknowledge the Integrality of

Form and Content

Describing Original Meaning (13.2)Describing Original Meaning (13.2)

AdumbratingDid the factual, moral, and

emotional issues of that world adumbrate or closely parallel

the world of the original audience?

Th

eir Wo

rld o

f Au

die

nce

Th

eir Wo

rld o

f Au

die

nce

FactualWhat factual

issues did the writerreport fromthat world?

Th

at W

orl

d o

f H

isto

ryT

hat

Wo

rld

of

His

tory

EstablishingDid the factual, moral, and

emotional issues of that world establish the origins or

historically justify the worldof the original audience?

ModelingDid the factual, moral, and

emotional issues of that world provide models or examples for the original audience?

ObservationsObservations AnticipationsAnticipations ImplicationsImplications

MoralWhat moral

issues did the writerreport from that world?

EmotionalWhat emotional

issues did the writerreport from that world?

InformativeHow did the factual, moral, and emotional issues of that world

provide information about their world?

DirectiveHow did the factual, moral, and emotional issues of that worldMorally obligate them in their

world?

AffectiveHow did the factual, moral, and emotional issues of that world

provide affective considerations for their world?

ImplicitImplicitExplicitExplicit ImplicitImplicitExplicitExplicit ImplicitImplicitExplicitExplicit

What are theseepochal

differencesbetween original

meaning and today? How are we to acknowledge

them in application?

Application:“for us”

“on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come”

But not directly for us

Differences in Redemptive Historical

EpochsOriginal Meaning:Not just

for them…

Epochal Adjustments (13.3)Epochal Adjustments (13.3)

9 9

GeneralEpochal

Adjustments

GeneralEpochal

Adjustments




Covenants and Scripture (13.4)Covenants and Scripture (13.4)

WD

A

David

Moses

Abraham

Noah

Adam

Literary Covenant Stages

Pre-literaryCovenant stages

Christ

WD

A

Christ

Covenant Stageof Application

David

InterveningCovenant Stage

WD

A

Applying the Deuteronimistic and Chronisitc Histories

Moses

BackgroundCovenant Stage

Christ

Covenant Stageof Application

David

Covenant Stageof

Original Meaning

Applying the Mosaic History

Twofold Orientation (13.5)Twofold Orientation (13.5)

Moses

Covenant Stage of

Original Meaning

9 9

GeneralEpochal

Adjustments

GeneralEpochal

Adjustments




Continuity / Discontinuity (13.6)Continuity / Discontinuity (13.6)

Divine BenevolenceDivine Benevolence

Human LoyaltyHuman Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs

in N

atu

re a

nd

Wa

rB

less

ing

s in

Na

ture

an

d W

ar C

urs

es in

Natu

re an

d W

arC

urs

es in

Natu

re an

d W

ar

Christ

David

Moses

Abraham

Noah

All Covenant dynamics function in all covenants, but vary as the Kingdom of God develops in its forward movement toward

the universal earthly reign of God.

Adam

For this reason, Christians must make epochal adjustments by comparing and contrasting all four elements in the dynamics

among various stages of the covenants.

Dispensationalist Outlook (3.7)Dispensationalist Outlook (3.7)

Christ

Moses

David

How should we expect later covenants to relate to previous covenants?

Scofieldian Dispensationalism Replacement



Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Reformed Theology Organic Development

Reformed Outlook (13.8)Reformed Outlook (13.8)

Christ

Moses

David

How should we expect later covenants to relate to previous covenants?



Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Reformed Theology Organic Development

Models of Continuity (13.9)Models of Continuity (13.9)

Models of Ideological Development

Building Blocks

Some Elements Remain the SameOthers Become Obsolete

Fluid / Organic

All Elements Remain Normative, but None Stay

Exactly the Same

Segmented View (13.10)Segmented View (13.10)

Christ

Moses

David

Some parts continue and others are discontinued by later revelation.



Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Continued Parts

Discontinued Parts

Continued Parts

Discontinued Parts

Organic / Fluid View (13.11)Organic / Fluid View (13.11)

All aspects continue, but all aspects are changed by later revelation.

Christ

Moses

David



Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Degrees of Development (13.12)Degrees of Development (13.12)

Christ

Moses

David Human LoyaltyHuman Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Divine BenevolenceDivine BenevolenceDivine Benevolence

Human LoyaltyC

urses

Ble

ssin

gs

All Dynamics in All Covenants

Relatively Major DevelopmentsRelatively

Minor Developments

Divine Benevolence

Human LoyaltyC

urses

Ble

ssin

gs

Divine Benevolence in Moses (13:13)Divine Benevolence in Moses (13:13)


Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Deliverance from Egypt

Wisdom of Law

Wonder of Tabernacle

Success in Conquest

Distribution of Land

Deliverance through Judges

Moses

Moses

Divine Benevolence


Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Gratitude for Benevolences

Application of Law to Life

Heart Love for God

Human Loyalty in Moses (13:14)Human Loyalty in Moses (13:14)

Blessings in Moses (13.15)Blessings in Moses (13.15)

Moses

Divine Benevolence

Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Bounty in Nature in Canaan

Victory in War in Canaan and with Neighboring Nations

Curse in Moses (13.16)Curse in Moses (13.16)

Divine Benevolence

Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Corruption of Nature in Canaan

Defeat in War in Canaan and with Neighboring Nations

Moses

Divine Benevolence in David (13:17)Divine Benevolence in David (13:17)

David


Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Jerusalem

Permanent Dynasty

Temple

Victories

Imperial Prosperity

Further Revelation

Human Loyalty in David (13:18)Human Loyalty in David (13:18)

David

Divine Benevolence


Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Gratitude for Benevolences

Application of Law to Life

Heart Love for God

Application of Further Revelation

Blessings in David (13.19)Blessings in David (13.19)

David

Divine Benevolence

Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Bounty in Nature in Canaan and Expanded Territories

Victory in War in Canaan and with Neighboring Nations

Curses in David (13.20)Curses in David (13.20)

MosesMoses

Divine Benevolence

Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

Cu

rses

Corruption of Nature in Canaan and Expanded Territories

Defeat in War in Canaan and with Neighboring Nations

OT Covenantal Cycles (13.21)OT Covenantal Cycles (13.21)

Prior to Eschaton:Ongoing Cycles

of CovenantBlessing and Judgment:

Personally, Regionally, Nationally

Deut 28Judges

Liturgical Cycles



Ble

ssin

gsB

less

ings C

ursesC

urses

Moses

David

Moses’ AnticipationIsrael’s Covenantal History

(Deut 4, 28-30 Lev 26)

Curseof

Exile

Mosaic Eschatological Outlook (12.8)Mosaic Eschatological Outlook (12.8)

ProlongedFlagrant

Disloyalty

Restoration to Great Blessings

in“Latter Days”

Repentance

Curseof

Exile

Mosaic Eschatological Outlook (12.8)Mosaic Eschatological Outlook (12.8)

ProlongedFlagrant

Disloyalty


in“Latter Days”

Repentance

Prophetic Expansion of Covenant History

ProlongedFlagrant

Disloyalty

Success of

(Re)New(ed) Covenant

Success of


•…a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah … with the house of Israel after that time (31:33)•"Only if the heavens above can be measured and the foundations of the earth below be searched out will I reject all the descendants of Israel because of all they have done," (31:37)•The city[Jerusalem] will never again be uprooted or demolished.“ (31:38)

vd'x'


in“Latter Days”

It will not be like the covenant I made with their forefathers when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they broke my covenant, though I was a husband to them,“ ((31:32)

Jer 31:31-40 // Deut 30:1-6 // Heb 8:7-13

Eschatological New Covenant (12:11)Eschatological New Covenant (12:11)

Curseof

Exile

Repentance

Failure of

Old Covenant

Failure of

Old Covenant

Success of


vd'x'Phases of Eschaton (12.12)

New TestamentEschatology

Consummation

Inauguration

Continuation

OT tp NT Adjustments (13.26)OT tp NT Adjustments (13.26)

5. Tabernacle Failure and ExileRadical Divine Intervention

New

David Moses

Divine Benevolence

Human Loyalty

Ble

ssin

gs C

urses

5. Temple

5. Christ & Church

2. Inheritance of Canaan

2. Expanded Borders

2. Holy Spirit & New Earth

3. Expectation of King

3. Davidic Dynasty

3. Jesus as Eternal King

4. Conquest of Canaan

4. Wars with Other Nations

4. Spiritual Battles

6. Levitical Priesthood

6. Priestly Orders

6. Christ AS Heavenly Priest

1. Mosaic Law of Pentateuch

1. Fuller Revelation of OT

1. NT Revelation

Relatively Small Changes

Relatively Large Changes

5. Temple

2. Expanded Borders

3. Davidic Dynasty

4. Wars with Other Nations

6. Priestly Orders

1. Fuller Revelation of OT

5. Christ‘s Body on Earth

2. Jesus’ and Apostles’ Geographical Reach

3. Jesus’ Ascension

4. Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

6. Christ as Sacrifice and Mediator

1. Jesus, Apostles, Prophets

Inauguration

David

1. NT Canon

2. Down Payment of Spirit, et al

3. Christ’s Conquering Heavenly Reign

4. Ongoing Spiritual War

5. Church as Body of Christ

6. Christ and Church as Priests

1. Face to Face

2. New Heavens and Earth

3. Jesus’ New Earthly Reign

4. Final Judgment

5. Sanctification of New Earth

6. Universal Priesthood

Continuation

Consummation

ICC Adjustments (13.27)ICC Adjustments (13.27)

Documents

9 9 General Epochal Adjustments General Epochal Adjustments II. Covenants and Canon III. Covenant Dynamics I. Basic Idea