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Challenges Facing Urban India: Housing &Challenges Facing Urban India: Housing &

Sanitation For the Urban Poor Sanitation For the Urban Poor

SecretaryMinistry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation

Government of IndiaPh: + 91 9818112427

email: [email protected]/[email protected]

by

Dr. Harjit S. Anand

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Structure of PresentationStructure of Presentation

Th e Urban SettingTh e Urban SettingNational Urban Housing & Habitat Policy, 2007National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy, 2007

Jawa h arlal Ne h ru National Urban Renewal MissionJawa h arlal Ne h ru National Urban Renewal MissionInterest Subsidy Sc h eme for t h e Urban PoorInterest Subsidy Sc h eme for t h e Urban PoorIntegrated Low Cost Sanitation Sc h emeIntegrated Low Cost Sanitation Sc h emeUrban CityUrban City--wide Infrastructurewide InfrastructureUrban Liveli h oodsUrban Liveli h oodsTh e Rig h t to S h elter: converting dream into realityTh e Rig h t to S h elter: converting dream into reality

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Space and lig h t and order Space and lig h t and orderTh ese are t h e t h ings t h at men needTh ese are t h e t h ings t h at men need

Just as muc h as t h ey needJust as muc h as t h ey needBread or a place to sleep.Bread or a place to sleep.

Le Corbusier Le Corbusier

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The Urban Setting

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Urbanisation and DevelopmentUrbanisation and Development Urban Urban inin IndiaIndia isis defineddefined asas aa h umanh uman settlement settlement wit hwit h

aa minimumminimum populationpopulation of of 50005000 persons,persons, wit hwit h 7575%% of of

t h et h e malemale workingworking populationpopulation engagedengaged inin nonnon--

agriculturalagricultural activitiesactivities andand aa populationpopulation densitydensity of of at at

least least 400400 personspersons perper sqsq.. kmkm.. Furt h er,Furt h er, allall statutorystatutory

townstowns h avingh aving aa MunicipalMunicipal Corporation,Corporation, MunicipalMunicipal

CouncilCouncil oror NagarNagar Panc h ayat Panc h ayat asas wellwell asas aa Cantonment Cantonment BoardBoard areare classifiedclassified asas URBAN URBAN

The Urban Setting

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Urbanisation and DevelopmentUrbanisation and Development

9999 %% of of t h et h e h ousingh ousing s h ortagesh ortage of of 2424..77 millionmillion at at t h et h e endendof of t h et h e 1010t ht h PlanPlan pertainspertains toto t h et h e EconomicallyEconomically WeakerWeakerSectionsSections (EWS)(EWS) andand LowLow IncomeIncome GroupsGroups (LIG)(LIG) sectorssectors. .

NationalNational SampleSample SurveySurvey OrganisationOrganisation (NSSO)(NSSO) 6161st st RoundRoundreportsreports t h at t h at t h et h e numbernumber of of urbanurban poorpoor h ash as risenrisen byby 44..44millionmillion persons,persons, betweenbetween 1 9931993 --9 49 4 toto 20042004--0505..

FromFrom 1212 inin 198 1198 1 wit hwit h 2626..88 %% s h aresh are of of t h et h e totaltotal urbanurbanpopulation,population, t h et h e numbernumber of of millionmillion plusplus citiescities h ash asincreasedincreased toto 3 53 5 inin 20012001 wit hwit h 3 73 7%% s h aresh are of of t h et h e totaltotalurbanurban populationpopulation. .

The Urban Setting

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Ru ral to Urban shift of labo u rRu ral to Urban shift of labo u r

It It isis important important toto h igh ligh t h igh ligh t t h et h e fact fact t h at t h at t h et h e informalinformalsectorsector inin urbanurban areasareas isis growinggrowing exponentiallyexponentially. . InIn t h et h edecadedecade 1 99 1199 1--20012001,, workersworkers classifiedclassified asas marginal marginalworkersworkers registeredregistered anan increaseincrease of of 3 603 60%% asas comparedcomparedtoto anan increaseincrease of of onlyonly 2 323 %% forfor workersworkers classifiedclassified asas

main

main workersworkers.. As As aa consequence,consequence, t h

et h

e ratioratio of of marginalmarginal workersworkers toto totaltotal workersworkers increasedincreased fromfrom22..22%% inin 199 1199 1 toto 77..99 %% inin 20012001

TT h eh e proportionproportion of of femalefemale workersworkers toto totaltotal workersworkers

roserose fromfrom 1414..33 %% inin 199 1199 1 toto 1616%% inin 20012001

The Urban Setting

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Urban India: Statistical Profile 2001

Ur ban Population 286 Million

Ur ban Population % 28 %

No of Ur ban Agglome r ations/Towns 5, 16 1

No of Met r opolitan Cities 35

Met r opolitan Population Sha r e 38 %

Sha r e of Cities with Population > 50000 74 %Ur ban Cont r ibution to GDP 60 %

The Urban Setting

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Urban India: Slums & Poverty Scenario

Slum Population 1 99 1 : 42 Million200 1 : 62 Million

G r owth in Ur ban Population

199 1-200 1 : 58 Million

G r owth in Slum Population

199 1-200 1 : 20 Million

Pove r ty Scena r io: Ur ban BPL Population19 73 -19 74 : 60 Million

1999 -2000 : 67 Million

The Urban Setting

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1010

S hare of S lu m Pop u lation in City Pop u lation:S hare of S lu m Pop u lation in City Pop u lation:S

elect CitiesS

elect CitiesMumbaiMumbai 54%54%FaridabadFaridabad 46%46%

Aligarh Aligarh 45%45%

Meerut Meerut 44%44%Warangal 4 3 %Warangal 4 3 %

Amaravati Amaravati 4 3 %43 %RaipurRaipur 3 7%3 7%NagpurNagpur 3 6%3 6%GunturGuntur 33 %33 %KolkataKolkata 3 2%3 2%

The Urban Setting

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Urban India: Growth in Pop u lation &Urban India: Growth in Pop u lation &S

lu

m Popu

lationS

lu

m Popu

lationD ecadal T otal Population Growt hD ecadal T otal Population Growt h 25%25%

D ecadal Urban Population Growt hD ecadal Urban Population Growt h 40%40%

D ecadal MetroD ecadal Metro- -Population Growt h Population Growt h 79 %79 %

D ecadal Slum Population Growt hD ecadal Slum Population Growt h 70%70%

The Urban Setting

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Poverty and Housing needsPoverty and Housing needs

Acco rd ing Acco rd ing toto thethe CensusCensus 200 1200 1 ,, 6 16 1.. 8282 millionmillion pe r sonspe r sons o r or 2323 ..11%% of of thethe u r banur ban populationpopulation r esi d esr esi d es inin slumsslums. . Du r ingDu r ing thethe1111thth Plan ,Plan , thethe G r oupG r oup estimate destimate d thatthat thethe totaltotal housinghousing

r equi r ementr equi r ement (inclu d ing(inclu d ing backlog)backlog) willwill bebe toto thethe tunetune of of 2626 ..5353millionmillion unitsunits fo r for 7575 ..0 10 1 millionmillion househol d shousehol d s..

OneOne fou r thfou r th of of thethe count r yscount r ys totaltotal u r banur ban population ,population ,numbe r ingnumbe r ing 8080 ..77 millionmillion pe r sonspe r sons isis belowbelow thethe pove r typove r ty lineline..

The Urban Setting

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A ccess to Ho u sing 2001 A ccess to Ho u sing 2001

Ho u sehold having:Ho u sehold having: %age of Ho u seholds%age of Ho u seholdsNo Exclusive RoomNo Exclusive Room 2. 32.3

One RoomOne Room 3 5.13 5.1T wo RoomsT wo Rooms 2 9 .529 .5More t h an T wo RoomsMore t h an T wo Rooms 33 .133 .1

Hous ing Scenari o in India

The Urban Setting

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Total Housing ShortageTotal Housing Shortage

Housing shortageHousing shortage at the beginningat the beginningof 11th Five Yea r Plan (1. 4 .2007 )of 11th Five Yea r Plan (1. 4 .2007 )

24.71 million24.71 milliond welling unitsd welling units

Additional Housing RequirementAdditional Housing Requirementfor the 11th Plan ( 2007for the 11th Plan ( 2007 --20 12 )20 12 )

1.82 million1.82 milliond welling unitsd welling units

Total housing requirementTotal housing requirement d ur ingd ur ing11th Plan Pe r iod inclu d ing the ca rr ied 11th Plan Pe r iod inclu d ing the ca rr ied ove r housing sho r tageove r housing sho r tage

26.53 Million26.53 Milliond welling unitsd welling units

The Urban Setting

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CategoryCategory- -wise Ho u sing S hortagewise Ho u sing S hortage

Estimated Urban Ho u sing Unit S hortage asEstimated Urban Ho u sing Unit S hortage ason 1.4.2007:on 1.4.2007:

More than 99% shortage is for EWS/ LIG segments

Total : 24 .7 1 m 1 00 .00 %

EWS : 2 1. 78 m 88 .1 4 %LIG : 2 .8 9 m 11. 6 9 %MIG&HIG: 0 .04 m 0 .1 6 %

The Urban Setting

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Financial Investment Required for Financial Investment Required for Overcoming ShortageOvercoming Shortage

Fo r 24 .7 1 million Dwelling Units.Fo r 24 .7 1 million Dwelling Units. Rs.1 47 19 .50 Rs.1 47 19 .50 millionmillion

Add itional Add itional housinghousing r equi r ementr equi r ement((77 ..2626 millionmillion Units)Units) d ur ingd ur ing 1111ththPlanPlan

Rs. 2 14 12 .3 1Rs. 2 14 12 .3 1millionmillion

TotalTotal Rs. 36 131. 8 1Rs. 36 131. 8 1millionmillion

The Urban Setting

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Source: Registrar General of India

12.65

19.86

23.43

20.07 19.44

9.70

15.20

17.24

12.82 11.65

1.95

4.666.19

7.25 7.89

The Urban Setting

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Growth of SlumsGrowth of Slums

28

46

6 1. 8

Source: Annual Report 2006-07, MoHUPA

The Urban SettingSlum Population as %age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

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Growth of the Urban Informal Sector Growth of the Urban Informal Sector

ItIt isis impo r tantimpo r tant toto highlighthighlight thethe factfact thatthat thethe info r malinfo r mal secto r secto r inin u r banur ban a r easa r eas isis g r owinggr owing exponentiallyexponentially. . InIn thethe d eca d ed eca d e199 1199 1--200 1200 1 ,, wo r ke r swo r ke r s classifie dclassifie d asas ma r ginalma r ginal wo r ke r swo r ke r sr egiste r e dr egiste r e d anan inc r easeinc r ease of of 360360 %% asas compa r e dcompa r e d toto ananinc r easeinc r ease of of onlyonly 2323 %% fo r for wo r ke r swo r ke r s classifie dclassifie d asas mainmain

wor ke

r swo

r ke

r s.. As As aa consequence

,consequence

,thethe

r atio

r atio of of ma

r ginalma

r ginalwo r ke r swo r ke r s toto totaltotal wo r ke r swo r ke r s inc r ease dinc r ease d f r omf r om 22 ..22 %% inin 1 99 1199 1

toto 77 ..99 %% inin 200 1200 1..TheThe p r opo r tionpr opo r tion of of femalefemale wo r ke r swo r ke r s toto totaltotal wo r ke r swo r ke r s r oser ose

f r omf r om 1 414 ..33 %% inin 1 99 1199 1 toto 1 616 %% inin 200 1200 1

The Urban Setting

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B alanced R egional DevelopmentB alanced R egional DevelopmentTh eTh e wayway toto bringbring about about aa symbioticsymbiotic development development betweenbetween ruralrural andand urbanurban areasareas isis byby adoptingadopting a aRegionalRegional PlanningPlanning approac happroac h ..

InIn viewview of of t h et h e fact fact t h at t h at 5050%% of of India sIndia s populationpopulation isisforecastedforecasted toto bebe livingliving inin urbanurban areasareas byby 20412041,, it it isisnecessarynecessary toto developdevelop newnew integratedintegrated towns h ipstowns h ips..D evelopment D evelopment of of sustainablesustainable h abitat h abitat isis closelyclosely relatedrelated totot h et h e adoptionadoption of of t h et h e RegionalRegional PlanningPlanning approac happroac h wh ilewh ilepreparingpreparing MasterMaster PlansPlans of of towns/towns/ cities,cities, D istrict D istrict PlansPlansandand Regional/SubRegional/Sub- -RegionalRegional PlansPlans..

Th eTh e newnew Habitat Habitat PolicyPolicy reaffirmsreaffirms t h et h e importanceimportance of of smallsmallandand mediummedium urbanurban agglomerates/townsagglomerates/towns w h ichwh ich h aveh avepotentialpotential forfor futurefuture urbanurban growt hgrowt h ..

The Urban Setting

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National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy 2007

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Affordable Housing for All Affordable Housing for AllSpotlig h t Spotlig h t onon EWSEWS HousingHousing forfor promotingpromoting socialsocialinclusioninclusion

SpecialSpecial focusfocus onon SC,S T ,BC,SC,ST ,BC, MinoritiesMinorities && empowerment empowerment of of womenwomen wit h inwit h in ambit ambit of of urbanurban poorpoor

V ISION


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Th e Cooperative SectorTh e Cooperative SectorTh e Labour Housing sectorTh e Labour Housing sector

Th e Employee Welfare Housing SectorTh e Employee Welfare Housing SectorTh e Employer Housing Sector ,andTh e Employer Housing Sector ,andTh e Private SectorTh e Private Sector

Public partnerships with


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F ocus Areas

The new policy consi d e r s the 74 th Amen dment Act in te r ms of p r epa r ation of Dist r ict Plans by

Dist r ict Planning Committees (DPCs) as a vitald ete r minant of systematic u r ban planning.


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Increase Supply of LandIncrease Supply of Land

FacilitatingFacilitating accessibilityaccessibility toto se r vice dse r vice d lan dlan d an dan dhousinghousing withwith focusfocus onon economicallyeconomically weake r weake r sectionssections an dan d lowlow incomeincome g r oupgr oup catego r iescatego r ies..

SuitableSuitable r est r uctu r ingr est r uctu r ing fo r for enablingenabling bothbothinstitutionsinstitutions atat thethe StateState an dan d Cent r eCent r e levelslevels asas wellwellasas thethe p r ivatepr ivate secto r secto r for for inc r easinginc r easing supplysupply of of lan dlan d ..

N ati o nal Urban Hous ing & H abitat P o licy, 2007

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HowHow w r ongwr ong itit isis fo r for aa womenwomen toto expectexpect thethe

manman toto buil dbuild thethe wo r ldwo r ld sheshe wantswants r athe r r athe r thanthan toto c r eatecr eate itit he r selfhe r self

Anais N in Anais N in

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Addr essing Addr essing thethe specialspecial nee d snee d s of of womenwomenhea d e dhea d e d househol d s ,househol d s , singlesingle women ,women ,wo r kingwo r king womenwomen an dan d womenwomen inin d ifficultd ifficultcir cumstancescir cumstances in in r elationr elation toto housinghousingse r vice dse r vice d byby basicbasic amenitiesamenities. .

Special Provision for WomenSpecial Provision for Women


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PublicPublic- -Private PartnershipsPrivate Partnerships

Fo r gingFo r ging st r ongst r ong pa r tne r shipspa r tne r ships betweenbetweenpublic ,public , pr ivatepr ivate an dan d coope r ativecoope r ative secto r ssecto r s fo r for accele r ate daccele r ate d g r owthg r owth inin thethe HousingHousing Secto r Secto r an dan d sustainablesustainable d evelopmentd evelopment of of habitathabitat


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Healthy EnvironmentHealthy Environment

DevelopingDeveloping cities/townscities/towns inin aa manne r manne r whichwhichpr omotespr omotes a a healthyhealthy envi r onment ,envi r onment , encou r agingencou r aginguseuse of of r enewabler enewable ene r gyene r gy r esou r cesr esou r ces an dan d

ensu r ingensu r ing effectiveeffective soli dsoli d wastewaste managementmanagement in incollabo r ationcollabo r ation withwith pe r sonspe r sons involve dinvolve d inin r ecyclingr ecyclingactivitiesactivities. .P r otectingP r otecting ou r ou r cultu r alcultu r al he r itagehe r itage an dan d a r chitectu r ea r chitectu r easas wellwell asas p r omotingpr omoting t r a d itionaltr a d itional skillsskills withwithsuitablesuitable a d aptationa d aptation toto mo d e r nmo d e r n technologiestechnologies. .


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Integrated Townships, Urban ExtensionsIntegrated Townships, Urban Extensions& SEZs& SEZs

DevelopDevelop G r eenfiel dG r eenfiel d townstowns && integ r ate dinteg r ate d ur banur banhousinghousing extensionsextensions of of existingexisting townstowns withwithcomplementa r ycomplementa r y inf r ast r uctu r einf r ast r uctu r e o r or SpecialSpecial

EconomicEconomic ZonesZones (SEZs)(SEZs) withwith bothboth FDIFDI an dan dnationalnational investmentsinvestments in in housinghousing an dan dinf r ast r uctu r einf r ast r uctu r e..

Ensu r eEnsu r e thatthat suchsuch fullyfully integ r ate dinteg r ate d housinghousingpr ojectspr ojects a r ea r e wellwell connecte dconnecte d byby MRTSMRTS co rr id or sco rr id or s ..


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Research & DevelopmentResearch & DevelopmentOrganisationsOrganisations

Und e r takeUnd e r take r esea r chr esea r ch toto r espon dr espon d toto d iffer entd iffer entclimaticclimatic con d itionscon d itions withwith aa focusfocus onontr ansitiontr ansition f r omf r om conventionalconventional to to innovative ,innovative ,costcost effectiveeffective an dan d envi r onmentenvi r onment f r ien d lyf r ien d lytechnologiestechnologiesIntensifyIntensify effo r tseffo r ts fo r for tr ansfe r tr ansfe r of of innovativeinnovativetechnologiestechnologies an dan d mate r ialsmate r ials f r omf r om lablab totofieldfield

National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy, 2007

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Action PlanAction PlanTheThe Cent r alCent r al Gove r nmentGove r nment willwill encou r ageencou r age an dan d suppo r tsuppo r t thetheStatesStates toto p r epa r epr epa r e aa StateState UrbanUrban Housing Housing and and Habitat Habitat Policy Policy an dan d alsoalso aa StateState UrbanUrban Housing Housing && Habitat Habitat Action ActionPlanPlan

InIn o rd e r ord e r toto augmentaugment sustainablesustainable an dan d affo rd ableaffo rd able housinghousingstockstock alongalong withwith r elate dr elate d inf r ast r uctu r einf r ast r uctu r e likelike wate r,wate r,dr ainage ,dr ainage , sanitation ,sanitation , sewe r age ,sewe r age , soli dsoli d wastewastemanagement ,management , elect r icityelect r icity an dan d tr anspo r tation ,tr anspo r tation , thethe Action ActionPlansPlans of of States/UTsStates/UTs shoul dshoul d focusfocus onon accele r ate daccele r ate d flowflow of of fun d sfun d s fo r for housinghousing (inclu d ing(inclu d ing va r iousva r ious costcost--effectiveeffective slumslum--r elate dr elate d options)options) an dan d inf r ast r uctu r einf r ast r uctu r e


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J n NURM at a GlanceJ n NURM at a GlanceNo. of Houses Sanctione d No. of Houses Sanctione d 1. 046 million1. 046 million

No. of Houses un d e r P r og r essNo. of Houses un d e r P r og r ess 0 .265 million0 .265 million

Bu d get fo r 2007Bu d get fo r 2007 --0808 --Rs.1 99 1 C r or esRs.1 99 1 C r or es(BS UP+IHSDP)(BS UP+IHSDP)

99 .7 %99 .7 %achieve dachieve d

Ur ban Refo r ms: Ea r ma r king of 25 % of Ur ban Refo r ms: Ea r ma r king of 25 % of Municipal Bu d get as BS UP Fun d; TimelineMunicipal Bu d get as BS UP Fun d; TimelineTa r get of 27 citiesTa r get of 27 cities

27 cities27 citiesachieve dachieve d

Ur ban Refo r m: Ea r ma r king of 20Ur ban Refo r m: Ea r ma r king of 20 --25 % of 25 % of d evelope d lan d for EWS/LIG ; Timelined evelope d lan d for EWS/LIG ; TimelineTa r get of 1 6 citiesTa r get of 1 6 cities

16 cities16 citiesachieve dachieve d

The J NNURM Initiative

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i. Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered areaunder IHSDP,

ii. Minimum provision of Two rooms, Kitchenette, Toilet & Bath,

iii. Vector-free housing layout,

iv. Provision of Basic Physical Amenities: Water Supply,Drainage,sanitation, Roads/Streets, street Lighting, Solid Wastemanagement & appropriate Green Spaces,

v. Provision of Social Infrastructure: Community Centre, LivelihoodCentre & Informal Sector Market, and

vi. Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness.

Eco friendly design & layouts for the Urban Poor

Inclusive Planning & Architecture

The J NN URM Initiative

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Mayo r sMayo r s Fo r umFo r um onon e r a d icatione r a d ication of of Ur banUr ban Pove r tyPove r ty && CityCityMange r sMange r s Fo r umFo r um onon Ur banUr ban Pove r tyPove r ty Alleviation Alleviation &&Livelihoo dLivelihoo d DevelopmentDevelopment launche dlaunche d inin Ma r chMa r ch 20072007 ..

Resea r che r s Colloquium on Ur ban Pove r ty launche d inResea r che r s Colloquium on Ur ban Pove r ty launche d inMa r ch 2007 for pr omoting knowle d ge management & eMa r ch 2007 for pr omoting knowle d ge management & e- -netwo r king amongst eminent r esea r che r s.netwo r king amongst eminent r esea r che r s.

Resea r chResea r ch initiate dinitiate d onon KeyKey ThemesThemes conce r ningconce r ning thethe Ur banUr banPoo r Poo r :: Lan dLan d Tenu r e ,Tenu r e , Afford able Affo rd able Housing ,Housing , Wate r,Wate r,Sanitation ,Sanitation , Ed ucation ,Ed ucation , Health ,Health , SocialSocial Secu r ity,Secu r ity, Micr oMicr o--finance ,finance , Livelihoo d s ,Livelihoo d s , SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment & & InclusiveInclusivePlanningPlanning fo r for HousingHousing thethe Poo r Poo r ..

Advocacy and Networking with Stakeholders


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NationalNational P r og r ammeP r og r amme onon CapacityCapacity Buil d ingBuild ing fo r for Ur banUr banPove r tyPove r ty Alleviation Alleviation launche dlaunche d inin Ma r chMa r ch 20072007 ..

Netwo r kNetwo r k of of 88 N ationalNational Resou r ceResou r ce Cent r esCent r es onon Ur banUr banPove r ty,Pove r ty, SlumsSlums && HousingHousing establishe destablishe d :: YASHADA ,YASHADA ,

PunePune ;; AIILSG , AIILSG , MumbaiMumbai ;; CGG ,CGG , Hyd e r aba dHyd e r aba d;; NIU A ,NIU A , NewNewDelhiDelhi ;; HSMI ,HSMI , N ewNew DelhiDelhi ;; EDI ,EDI , Ahme d aba d Ahme d aba d;; ASCI , ASCI ,Hyd e r aba dHyd e r aba d;; NBO ,NBO , NewNew DelhiDelhi..

LinkageLinkage of of NRCsNRCs withwith StateState && RegionalRegional T r ainingTr aining

Cent r esCent r es..

Advocacy and Networking with Stakeholders


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3 93 9

TheThe MinistryMinistry isis introducingintroducing a a newnew schemescheme for for providingprovidinginterestinterest subsidysubsidy of of 55%% onon housinghousing loansloans byby banks/HFCsbanks/HFCs & &MFIsMFIs for for EWS/ LIGEWS/ LIG segmentssegments of of societysociety for for constructionconstruction of of houseshouses

ItIt isis aimedaimed atat providingproviding 400400,,000000 DwellingDwelling UnitsUnits duringduring thethe1111thth FiveFive Year Year PlanPlan. .

TheThe totaltotal interestinterest subsidysubsidy requirementsrequirements for for thethe constructionconstructionof of 400400,,000000 houseshouses for for EWS/ LIGEWS/ LIG segmentssegments financedfinanced duringduringthethe nextnext 44 yearsyears ( (20082008--1212 )) isis projectedprojected at at RsRs .. 11001100 crorescrores ..

Interest Subsidy Scheme for Urban Poor

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TotalTotal costcost of of aa LowLow CostCost SanitationSanitation UnitUnit withwithsupe r st r uctu r esupe r st r uctu r e isis pegge dpegge d atat RsRs..1 010,,000000 inin plainsplains &&RsRs..1 250012500 inin hillyhilly o r o r d ifficultd ifficult te rr ainste rr ains..

Subsi d ySubsi d y byby Cent r alCent r al GovtGovt.. isis 7575 %% ;; Subsi d ySubsi d y byby StateState GovtGovt..isis 1 515 %% ;; && Beneficia r yBeneficia r y cont r ibutioncont r ibution isis 1 010 %%..St r ongSt r ong involvementinvolvement of of NGOsNGOs. .Ad option Ad option of of aa Citywi d eCitywi d e App r oach App r oach. .InnovativeInnovative SanitationSanitation SystemsSystems. .

Allocation Allocation of of RsRs..600600 c r o r esc r o r es fo r for ur banur ban a r easa r eas d ur ingd ur ing thethe1111 thth PlanPlan Pe r iodPe r iod ..

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation

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Urban Infra s tr uc t u re Challenge s

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4242

Mandatory (U LB Level )Mandatory (U LB Level )AdoptionAdoption of of doubledouble entryentry systemsystem of of accountingaccounting

IntroductionIntroduction of of ee--GovernanceGovernance

ReformReform of of propertyproperty taxtax withwith GISGIS--basedbased TaxTax MappingMapping

InternalInternal earmarkingearmarking for for basicbasicservicesservices to to thethe urbanurban poor poor

ProvisionProvision of of basicbasic servicesservices to to urbanurbanpoor poor

Mandatory (State Level )Mandatory (State Level )ImplementationImplementation of of decentralisationdecentralisationmeasuresmeasures as as envisagedenvisaged in inConstitutionConstitution 74 74thth AmendmentAmendment ActAct

RationalisationRationalisation of of StampStamp dutyduty totobringbring itit downdown toto nono moremore thanthan 55%%withinwithin nextnext 77 yearsyears

EnactmentEnactment of of CommunityCommunityParticipationParticipation LawLaw toto institutionaliseinstitutionalisecitizencitizen participationparticipation & & AreaArea SabhaSabha

AssigningAssigning or or associatingassociating electedelectedULBsULBs withwith citycity planningplanning functionfunction

AccountabilityAccountability platformsplatforms for for parastatalsparastatals

Mandatory Urban ReformsMandatory Urban Reforms

Urban Infra s tr u ct u re Challenge s

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4343

RevisionRevision of of byebye--lawslaws toto streamlinestreamline thethe approvalapproval processprocess for for constructionconstructionSimplificationSimplification of of legallegal andand proceduralprocedural frameworksframeworksIntroductionIntroduction of of PropertyProperty TitleTitle CertificationCertification SystemSystem inin U LBsULBs..EarmarkingEarmarking at at leastleast 2020--2525%% of of developeddeveloped landland for for EWSEWS andandLIGLIG categorycategoryComputerisedComputerised processprocess of of registrationregistration of of landland andand propertypropertyRevisionRevision of of byebye--lawslaws toto makemake water water conservationconservation measuresmeasuresinin allall buildingbuildingByeBye-- lawslaws for for reusereuse of of recycledrecycled water water

AdministrativeAdministrative reformsreformsStructuralStructural reformsreformsEncouragingEncouraging privateprivate- -publicpublic partnershippartnership

Optional Urban ReformsOptional Urban Reforms(State, U LB Level &(State, U LB Level & ParastatalParastatal Agencies )Agencies )

Urban Infrastructure Challenges

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SpatialSpatial identificationidentification of of sh ortagessh ortages. .CityCity D evelopment D evelopment PlanPlan :: PrioritisingPrioritising investmentsinvestmentsinin lowlow--incomeincome areasareas

UrbanUrban InfrastructureInfrastructure andand GovernanceGovernance (UIG)(UIG)UrbanUrban InfrastructureInfrastructure D evelopment D evelopment Sc h emeSch eme forforSmallSmall andand MediumMedium T owns(UI D SSMT )T owns(UI D SSMT )

JNNURM JNNURMInitiativeInitiative

Urban Infra s tr uc t u re Challenge s

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Progress as on 31st March 08Progress as on 31st March 08CDPCDP All 63 cities have been received and appraisedAll 63 cities have been received and appraised

MOAsMOAs 62 MoAs signed62 MoAs signed (1 pending(1 pending J amshedpur )J amshedpur )

DPRS receivedDPRS received 713 DPRs713 DPRs

Projects approved by CSMCProjects approved by CSMC 324 Projects324 Projects

Total Value of ProjectsTotal Value of Projectsapprovedapproved

Rs. 30,135.23 Cr Rs. 30,135.23 Cr

ACA CommittedACA Committed Rs. 14,612.46 Cr Rs. 14,612.46 Cr

ACA releasedACA released Rs. 3,882.58 Cr Rs. 3,882.58 Cr

J NNURM InitiativeJ NNURM Initiative


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Maharashtra has repealed Urban LandCeiling and Regulation Act, AndhraPradesh also. West Bengal hascommitted to repeal U LCRA next year,

26 States have repealed U LCRA tilldate.

Assam, Tripura, Gujarat & Maharashtrahave enacted Public disclosure Law,whereas Tamil Nadu and Chandigarhare in progress

Assam & Gujarat have enactedCommunity Participation Law

States of Sikkim, Goa, Puducherry,J harkhand and Tripura have alreadyrationalised Stamp Duty to 5 % or below.

Progress of Reforms

33 Cities have undertaken InternalEarmarking of Funds for Services toUrban Poor Improved Financial Management -14cities have accomplished Double EntryAccrual Based Accounting System

e-Governance reform accomplished in7 cities (Hyderabad, Vishakapatnam,Bhopal, Coimbatore, Madurai, Asansol,Kolkata )10 Cities have improved property tax

coverage to above 85 %.

State level ULB level


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4747Urban Livelihoods

What is the city but the people.What is the city but the people.

William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare

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What is the Info r mal Secto r?What is the Info r mal Secto r?

The Pa r ableThe Pa r able A A sto r y of two basketssto r y of two baskets

Urban Livelihoods

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4 94 9

The Trinity

Segment of the wo r kfor ce wo r king in theinfo r mal secto r

Pe r centage of population living in slums &

Pe r centage of population below thepove r ty line.

Urban Livelihoods

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Poverty Alleviation Programmes

The Historical PerspectiveThe UN ICEF le d U BS Expe r imentNeh r u Rozga r Yojana

The scheme of Ur ban Basic Se r vices fo r thePoo r (UBSP) &Swa r na Jayanti Sheh r i Rozga r Yojana(SJSRY).

Urban Livelihoods

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Versatility Instruments

P r omotion of mic r o ente r pr ises with capacitybuild ing inputsP r omotion of wage employment th r ough c r eationof socially an d economically useful public assets

C r eation of jobs th r ough housing an d shelte r upg r a d ationSkills t r aining an d pr omotion of employability in thepr ivate secto r &

Ent r ep r eneu r ship d evelopment p r og r ammes.

Urban Livelihoods

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Demand-side Dynamics

Con d uct Ma r ket Su r veysDiscove r y of niche segmentsMatching ent r ep r eneu r s to niche segments

Unique selling p r opositions ( USPs)Ma r keting Assistance &Developing Competitive Ma r keting Mix.

Urban Livelihoods

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Employment Generation and Employability

Launching little ent r ep r eneu r ial boatsSEAS : Small Ente r pr ise A d viso r y Se r vicesAd vantages of LocalisationAd vantages of Soli d a r ity : scale of p r od uction

Matching d eman d for employment with supplyof skille d wo r ke r s , supe r viso r s an d manage r sSkill Development Mission &Non p r ofit company fo r pr omotion of Skill

Development : P r ivate Secto r Employment.

Urban Livelihoods

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The Right to Shelter - Converting dream into reality

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Social Housing

The two lowest monthly per capitaexpenditure classes

Saving capacity of EWS & LIG

The subsidy gap &

Converting need to demand.

The Right to Shelter - Conve r ting dr eam into r eality

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U/s 3 6(1)(viii) of I T Act: 20% of profit derived frombusiness of providing long term h ousing finance isdeducted from income provided it is carried to specialreserve,U/s 3 6(1)(viia) of I T Act : D eduction for bad and

doubtful debts equivalent to 10% of t h e doubtful andloss assets is available to banks. Extend provision toHousing Finance Companies &D epreciation on Employee Housing : Hig h er rate of depreciation (say 3 0%) s h ould be introduced on

residential accommodation if built by t h e employer for itsemployees.

Fiscal incentives


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5 95 9

Amen d ment of Rent Cont r ol Acts ,

P r omulgation of Se r vice Apa r tment Acts ,

Flexibility in r elation to selling a floo r of a

r esi d ential unit ,

Rest houses in r esi d ential a r eas &

Paying guest accommo d ation.

Increasing Supply of Rental Housing


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Innovative banking and financialinstruments

Pe r mission to H UDCO an d N ational Housing Bankto float Housing Bon d s with the benefit of 54 ECexemption f r om Capital Gains ,National Housing Bank to act as a r efinanceinstitution ,75 % of the bon d money to be utilize d for EWS an dLIG housing &Pe r mission to in d ivid uals fo r pu r chasing housingbon d s with r e d emption in the fo r m of EWS , LIGan d HIG housing

Housing Bonds the Sudarshan Chakra


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Regulation of Real Estate Development

Safeguarding the rights of an Allottee vis--viscost escalation,

Safeguarding the rights of an Allottee in relation totime over-runs,Safeguarding the Allottee in relation to provisionof green spaces and social infrastructure &Safeguarding the Allottee in relation to a healthyand clean environment combined with basicsports facilities.


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Need for an Urban Regulator

Model guidelines from the CentralGovernment,States to pass legislation for setting up aState Urban Regulator,Regulator to mediate disputes betweenULBs and Parastatals &Regulator to ensure Provision of land atinstitutional rates for no profit no losshousing.


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City D evelopment Plan,City D evelopment Plan,Master Plan,Master Plan,Spatial D imension of Financial Investments,Spatial D imension of Financial Investments,Role of Central ,State and Local Governments &Role of Central ,State and Local Governments &D omestic Investment & F D ID omestic Investment & F D I

Planning & Investments

The Right t o Shelter -Conve rti n g d r eam i n t o r eality

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Caring for the Urban PoorCaring for the Urban Poor

A T ale of T wo Cities, A T ale of T wo Cities,Th eTh e Antyodaya Antyodaya Approac h , Approac h ,

BSUP Fund of eac h city &BSUP Fund of eac h city &Special D evelopment Plan for t h e Urban PoorSpecial D evelopment Plan for t h e Urban Poorof eac h cityof eac h city

The Right t o Shelt er - Conve rti n g d r eam i n t o r eality

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I will give you a Talisman. Whenever you are in doubt or when the self I will give you a Talisman. Whenever you are in doubt or when the self becomes too much with you, apply the following test:becomes too much with you, apply the following test:

Recall the face of the poorest and weakest man whom you may have seenRecall the face of the poorest and weakest man whom you may have seen

and ask yourself if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him.and ask yourself if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him.Will he gain anything by it? Will it restore him to a control over his own lifeWill he gain anything by it? Will it restore him to a control over his own lifeand destiny? In other word, will it lead to Swaraj for hungry and spirituallyand destiny? In other word, will it lead to Swaraj for hungry and spiritually

starving millions?starving millions?Then you will find your doubts and yourself melting away.Then you will find your doubts and yourself melting away.

~~ Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi

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92112_633585163634531250