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97.5% Salt water2.5 % Fresh

.007% readily accessible for direct human use

EPA “GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE”

EPA intends the term "green infrastructure" to generally refer to systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes to:- infiltrate, - evapotranspirate (the return of water to the atmosphere either through evaporation or by plants) -reuse stormwater or runoff on the site where it is generated. Green infrastructure can be used at a wide range of landscape scales in place of, or in addition to, more traditional stormwater control elements to support the principles of LID.

What is Low Impact Development?

Rainwater capture (Reduces stormwater run-off)

Bio-retention (Slows flow and reduces run-off)

Infiltration (Recharches groundwater)

Vegetated surfaces (Facilitate evapotranspiration)

LID is a comprehensive approach to storm water management that seeks balance with the water cycle.

Replenish ground water tables/ Aquifers

LID Benefits• Watershed Stewardship

• Stormwater Bio-filtration

• Erosion control

• Flood mitigation

• Decrease irrigation demand

• Green space, increased oxygen

• Green Jobs

• Lessen Urban Heat Island Effect

• Habitat

• Low maintenance

• High productivity

• Cleaner Bay/ Better fishing, swimming, etc

Stormwater Solutions

Storm surge systemsCapture storm events and slowly drains to rain gardens

Rainwater Catchment

Storm surge systemsCapture storm events and slowly drains to rain gardens

Skyline High School Chabot Space & Science Center

Rainwater Catchment for Irrigation

S.F. Zen Center/Rainwater Catchment to Indoor Plumbing

PlansSchematicsMaterials spec sheet

Rain Gardens

Landscaped areas designed to capture and treat storm water runoff.Scale: Residential gardens, public parks and plazas, pedestrian streets, industrial parks, median strips, and schoolyards.

What is a Rain Garden?

An excavated area lined with gravel, rocks and soil, covered with mulch, and planted with woody and herbaceous native vegetation.

Bay Friendly Gardening

Stopwaste.org/ Alameda County

California Native & Drought Tolerant

Plants• California Native Plants/ Seasonal Dormancy

• Mediterranean Climate Guilds

• Native Plants/ Seasonal Aesthetics

Permeable Pavement

Permeable materials can be used to infiltrate rainwater on-site and reduce run-off from paved and traffic areas. 

Bio swales

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Storm water Planters

Designed to capture runoff, filter out sediment and pollutants and provide green space

Curb Cuts

Greywater Systems

California Uniform Plumbing Code CH16ANO-PERMIT

Laundry to landscape/ pump flow (3-Way Valve)Single fixture/ gravity flow (3-Way Valve)

A clothes washer system and/or a single fixture system in compliance with all of the following is exempt from the construction permit specified in Section 1.8.4.1 and may be installed or altered without a construction permit:

Branched drain

Indoor Water Conservation

• Smart Irrigation Controllers

• Low Flow Aerators

• Water Efficient Toilets & Appliances

• Dual Flush Conversion

• Leak Detection

• Water Wise Education

Greywater Systems

California Uniform Plumbing Code CH16A

PERMITCombined plumbing, pump, collection basin, sand filter, drip

systems

Constructed WetlandsStormwaterGreywaterBlackwater

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND DOCUMENTATION

Listed below are constructed wetlands operating in Bay Area jurisdictions or nearby counties.

Commercial Examples:

Benziger Winery 1883 London Ranch Rd, Glen Ellen CA 95442 http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/200505wetlands.php3

“This winery crushes 1200 tons of grapes per annum. A constructed subsurface wetland is used to treat the wastewater. The wetland is 40 meters long, 8 meters wide and 1 meter deep. The wetland has been filled with doleritic gravel with 35% porosity. Cattails, bulrush and common reeds have been planted together. Combination of plants in a wetland system helps to improve the performance because some plant species are able to resist higher COD or Na levels than others. The designed retention time of the wetland is four days.”

Imagery Winery 14335 Hw 12, Glen Ellen CA 95442 http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/200505wetlands.php3

“This winery crushes 2000 tons of grapes per year. Two subsurface constructed wetlands with an aerated pond upfront are used to treat the wastewater. Both wetlands are 19 meters long, 8 meters wide and 1 meter deep. They are filled with dolerite gravel (5 mm diameter) with 35 % porosity.”

Chateau Felice Winery 10603 Chalk Hill Rd, Healdsburg CA 95448 http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/200505wetlands.php3

“This winery is very small, crushing only 160 tons of grapes per year. It uses a subsurface constructed wetland to treat wastewater. The wetland is 17 meters long, 4 meters wide and 0.9 meters deep. The wetland is filled with gravel and established with plants such as bulrush, cattails and others. The design retention time for this wetland was 10.5 days, assuming that 300 tons of grapes will be crushed.”

Fetzer Winery 13601 Old River Rd, Hopland CA 95449 http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/200505wetlands.php3

“This winery uses a constructed wetland with two aerated ponds upfront to treat their wastewater. The wetland is 90 meters long, 51 meters wide and 1 meter deep. Bulrush and cattails plants were established. A designed retention time of 10 days is used.”

Chevron Oil Refinery Richmond CA http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/est/98/may/emer.html

“Wastewater from the Chevron oil refinery in Richmond, Calif., on the edge of San Francisco Bay, has been treated by constructed wetlands since 1988. Recent research by University of California-Berkeley scientists has quantified the extent to which the wetlands accumulate and volatilize selenium from the wastewater.”

Municipal Examples:Mt View Sanitary District Martinez, CA http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/pdf/Introduction.pdf

“Mt. View Sanitary District provides secondary treatment to approximately 1.3 million gallons per day of wastewater from approximately 16,000 residents in the Martinez, Calif., area. Although there is some light industry and commercial development within the District's service area, the primary source of the wastewater is residential.”

Union Sanitary District Hayward Marsh Hayward, CA http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/pdf/Introduction.pdf

“The Hayward Marsh Expansion Project is a case-in-point of innovative engineering and science applied to the conversion of secondary wastewater effluent into a resource; a project that holds great promise for a growing environmental problem.”

Las Galinas Valley Sanitary District Marin County, CA http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/pdf/Introduction.pdf

“Las Gallinas' wastewater reclamation project is a 385 acre complex including 200 acres of irrigated pasture, 40 acres of storage ponds, a 20 acre constructed wetland, a 10 acre salt marsh, and landscape irrigation.”

City of Arcata Constructed Wetland Arcata, CA http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/pdf/Introduction.pdf

“Arcata, with a population of approximately 15,000, is a diverse communitywhose resourcefulness and integrity has demonstrated that a constructed wetland system can be a cost efficient and environmentally sound wastewater treatment solution. In addition to effectively fulfilling wastewater treatment needs, Arcata's innovative wetland system has provided an inspiring bay view window to the benefits of integrated wetland enhancement and wastewater treatment.”

Sacramento Constructed Wetlands Demonstration Project Sacramento, CA www.srcsd.com/cw.html

“The performance of constructed wetlands for the improvement of water quality and the removal of conventional pollutants from municipal wastewater has been documented in numerous case studies, design manuals, and texts.”