A Business Case for Archived SAR Data · 11/18/2010 · COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA A Business Case for Archived SAR Data Marco van der Kooij, MDA, Canada Guy Seguin, InSARSAT, Canada RESTRICTION

Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA

A Business Case for Archived SAR Data

Marco van der Kooij, MDA, Canada

Guy Seguin, InSARSAT, Canada

RESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND IMAGES

This document contains information and images that are proprietary to MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (“MDA”), to its subsidiaries, or to third parties to which MDA may have legal obligations to protect such information or images from unauthorized disclosure, use or duplication. Any

disclosure, use or duplication of this document or of any of the information or images contained herein for other than the specific purpose for which it was disclosed is expressly prohibited, except as MDA or such appropriate third party may expressly agree in writing. MDA is a trademark of

MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. COPYRIGHT © 2013 MDA, subject to General Acknowledgements for the third parties whose images have been used in permissible forms. All rights reserved.


Content

• Large area land surveillance: High resolution AND wide swath

• RADARSAT-2 XF

• Archives of 5 m resolution R2

• Approach and examples of applications – Forest alert program: Tropical forest.

– European border monitoring (alerts for troop build-up, refugee crisis)

– Disaster damage assessment (e.g. Nepal)

– InSAR

• Future use of Satellite SAR data for land applications – High resolution, wide swath

– Satellites operated in same orbits for coordinated use of archive

– More efficient, reliable, consistent and automatic contribution to earth observation

– “Where to look”, combined use with high resolution optical imagery

2


RADARSAT-2 image modes

20 50 100 150

10

100

1

Res

olu

tion (

m)

Swath width (km)

300

5

MFW (SLC)

FW

W

S

SCN

MF

UFW

SL

UF

SCW

MF (SLC)

MFW

3

20

500

Current Radarsat-2

modes 1. High resolution

land

3. Maritime

XF

0.25

2. Large area land 1 2

3

Wider swath +

high resolution


Broad Area Land Surveillance Analogy between surveillance cameras and high resolution SAR imagery

• Repeated identical geometry

• Identical illumination conditions

• 100% reliability in obtaining the imagery

• Automatic, efficient detection for large volumes of data

RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2016– All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency

4


Canopy Change Detection Steps

5


DigitalGlobe Derivative Works (including WorldView-1 and WorldView-2) © 2009 DigitalGlobe, Inc. GeoEye-1 © GeoEye Data is owned by GeoEye, Inc. – All rights are reserved by GeoEye, Inc.

New cuts in plantation

Selective logging,

difficult or impossible to detect

December 27, 2009 DigitalGlobe, Worldview

November 18, 2010 Geoeye

Example of challenges of change interpretation of optical imagery Hainan Island, China


RADARSAT-2 data processing algorithms automatically detect changes (Hainan, China, December 26, 2009 – November 3, 2010)

New cuts in plantation

Selective logging outside plantation

RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency

Change Image Processed Change Vectors (Groups and Individual Trees)




Detection capability: Infrastructure and Target Change Detection

• Detecting new reflections in context of existing reflections or existing activity from exact repeat SAR archive

• Applications e.g. construction, vehicle presence, trains

• Focus on automatic detection (alerts) not identification of targets

Archive New

Archive New Change


Alerts for newly detected “targets”

• Detecting new reflections in context of existing reflections or existing activity from exact repeat SAR archive

• Applications e.g. construction, vehicle presence, trains

• Focus on automatic detection (alerts) not identification of targets

Archive New

Archive New Change



Improved change detection using a SAR stack

•Exactly repeated observation geometry

• Identical well-known SAR illumination

source

• Independent of weather and darkness

•Precise, reliable and efficient change

detection

•Speckle noise of individual acquisitions

can be filtered

SA

R

amp

litu

de

Time Time

-ΔdB



RADARSAT-2 XF (Extra Fine) Large images (125 x 135 km), High resolution (5 m)

Very dense information!

11

RADARSAT-2 XF March 5, 2015

1.45 Billion pixels!

XF-3, 20130613 Sample spacing: 2.66 m (sl.range) x 2.50 m (azimuth)

26784 samples x 54145 lines = 1.45 Billion pixels

Inc. angle near

edge

Inc. Angle far

edge

Ground Resolution

far edge (m)

Azimuth resolution

(m)Swath (km) NESZ (dB)

XF0W1 21 32.4 5.8 4.5 169 -21

XF0W2 31.3 38.9 4.9 4.5 130 -21

XF0W3 38.1 44.2 4.4 4.5 120 -21

XF0S7 44 48.8 4.1 4.5 108 -21


12

Temporal density of exactly repeated RADARSAT-2 5 m resolution archives (since 2010)


Example of coverage in SE Asia

13


The benefit of exact repeat archive imagery Detection of recent illegal logging roads in Para State, Brazil

photos from nearby illegal logging roads

6x10 km, change detection

MFW 20120207 - 20130625 Single spotlight image

acquired after the activity:

SLA5 20130929

? Correlation of road network

from R2 and IRS-P6



Forest Logging Alerts… “where to look?” Cachoeira Seca (Para, Brazil)

Alerts

Dec 2013 – April 2014

Alerts

March 2012 – December 2013

15


Validation Flights

Alerts December 2013 – April 2014

Alerts March 2012 – December 2013

Flightlines, photos © ISA, 2014

Photos taken June 26, 2014

16


“Logs on the ground”

Flightlines, photos © ISA, 2014

17


Example of RADARSAT-2 Forest Monitoring Capability High Resolution fire scar progression in Berbak National Park 2015

Aug 3, 2015 – Sep 20, 2015

Water

Flat/smooth land

Forest

Sep 20, 2015 – Oct 14, 2015

Oct 14, 2015 – Nov 7, 2015

Wetlands

Buildings

MODIS 2015 fire alerts (FHS 80) RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2016– All

Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency

18


RADARSAT-2 vs. Landsat in Berbak NP Frequency + reliability + detail = useful forensic insights

Fire scar as of 05/09/2015

Fire scar as of 08/11/2015

RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2016– All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency

19


Middle East recent (since 2014) XF Archive coverage

(24 day repeat)


Humanitarian crisis in Kobane, Syria

Map based on Satellite imagery of November 7+9+13, 2014

RADARSAT-2 XF coverage October 11 and November 4, 2014


UNCLASSIFIED

Kobani Refugee Overview Kobani, Syria DOI: Unknown SEN: GOOGLE EARTH GEO: 365329N/0382117E DOP: 24 Nov 15

UNCLASSIFIED 20151124001 – 1/2

Turkey

Syria

In October 2014 Islamic State (ISIS) militants advanced to within a few miles of the Syrian-Kurdish City of Kobani, triggering a renewed stream of refugees seeking to cross the border into Turkey. The standoff for Kobani intensified every day with the influx of refugees arriving to the Turkish

towns on the border – the majority of them being women, children, the elderly and disabled.

http://yalibnan.com/2014/11/18/kurds-seize-islamic-state-arms-and-ammunition-near-kobani/

Turkey

Syria


UNCLASSIFIED

Turkey



24 Oct 2014 04 Nov 2014

Syria

Kobani

24 Oct 2014 31 Oct 2014

© MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2015) All Rights Reserved.

GOOGLE EARTH GOOGLE EARTH GOOGLE EARTH

Turkey

Syria


UNCLASSIFIED

Legend

Reference Point

Turkey



04 Nov 2014 04 Nov 2014 04 Nov 2014

RADARSAT-2 Alert Polygon

Syria

Kobani Kobani

Stable, Min Change (Yellow)

Growing, Sig Change (Red)

Reducing, Min Change (Green)

Growing, Sig Change (Red)

Stable, Min Change (Yellow)

© MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2015) All Rights Reserved.

RADARSAT-2 Alert Polygon

Syria

Syria


Radarsat-2 imaging of the Nepal Earthquake of

April 25, 2015

Image mode: XF-2 (excellent resolution for damage assessment) Size of image: 125 x 135 km, 26783 x 53929 pixels

Pixel size: 2.66 x 2.49 m,

Nominal gr. resolution: 4.5 m

Heading: descending

Incidence angle: 31.6-38.7 degrees

Acquisition date and time: April 29, 2015 00:19:49 UT.

Archive imagery in exactly repeated geometry: April 5 2015, March 12, 2015, November 12 2014, October 19, 2014

Perpendicular baseline for the April 5 – April 29 2015 pair : 64.8m


Nepal Earthquake, Interferogram April 4-29,2015



Radarsat-2 imaging of the Nepal Earthquake of April 25, 2015 Measurement of both Line of sight (middle) and horizontal motion (right)

Horizontal motion can be measured because of high resolution of source data



Radarsat-2 Land slide detection and building damage Assessment NW of Kathmandu (April 29, 2015)

Indication of damage to buildings, inspection using high res EO imagery (GE)

Land slide detections

High Building damage

Medium Building damage



Discussion and Summary

• Significant technical opportunities for improved use of earth observation: high resolution SAR surveillance – Collection of large archives

– Combined automatic use of archive and new imagery

– Archive data mining

• Efficiency, consistency of change detection

• Satellites in same orbit imaging geometry. Coordinated use of archive.

• “Where to look”, combined use with high resolution optical imagery

29

Documents

A Business Case for Archived SAR Data · 11/18/2010 · COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA A Business Case for Archived SAR Data Marco van der Kooij, MDA, Canada Guy Seguin, InSARSAT, Canada RESTRICTION