Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
A Business Case for Archived SAR Data
Marco van der Kooij, MDA, Canada
Guy Seguin, InSARSAT, Canada
RESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND IMAGES
This document contains information and images that are proprietary to MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (“MDA”), to its subsidiaries, or to third parties to which MDA may have legal obligations to protect such information or images from unauthorized disclosure, use or duplication. Any
disclosure, use or duplication of this document or of any of the information or images contained herein for other than the specific purpose for which it was disclosed is expressly prohibited, except as MDA or such appropriate third party may expressly agree in writing. MDA is a trademark of
MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. COPYRIGHT © 2013 MDA, subject to General Acknowledgements for the third parties whose images have been used in permissible forms. All rights reserved.
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Content
• Large area land surveillance: High resolution AND wide swath
• RADARSAT-2 XF
• Archives of 5 m resolution R2
• Approach and examples of applications – Forest alert program: Tropical forest.
– European border monitoring (alerts for troop build-up, refugee crisis)
– Disaster damage assessment (e.g. Nepal)
– InSAR
• Future use of Satellite SAR data for land applications – High resolution, wide swath
– Satellites operated in same orbits for coordinated use of archive
– More efficient, reliable, consistent and automatic contribution to earth observation
– “Where to look”, combined use with high resolution optical imagery
2
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
RADARSAT-2 image modes
20 50 100 150
10
100
1
Res
olu
tion (
m)
Swath width (km)
300
5
MFW (SLC)
FW
W
S
SCN
MF
UFW
SL
UF
SCW
MF (SLC)
MFW
3
20
500
Current Radarsat-2
modes 1. High resolution
land
3. Maritime
XF
0.25
2. Large area land 1 2
3
Wider swath +
high resolution
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Broad Area Land Surveillance Analogy between surveillance cameras and high resolution SAR imagery
• Repeated identical geometry
• Identical illumination conditions
• 100% reliability in obtaining the imagery
• Automatic, efficient detection for large volumes of data
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2016– All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
4
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Canopy Change Detection Steps
5
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
DigitalGlobe Derivative Works (including WorldView-1 and WorldView-2) © 2009 DigitalGlobe, Inc. GeoEye-1 © GeoEye Data is owned by GeoEye, Inc. – All rights are reserved by GeoEye, Inc.
New cuts in plantation
Selective logging,
difficult or impossible to detect
December 27, 2009 DigitalGlobe, Worldview
November 18, 2010 Geoeye
Example of challenges of change interpretation of optical imagery Hainan Island, China
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
RADARSAT-2 data processing algorithms automatically detect changes (Hainan, China, December 26, 2009 – November 3, 2010)
New cuts in plantation
Selective logging outside plantation
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Change Image Processed Change Vectors (Groups and Individual Trees)
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Detection capability: Infrastructure and Target Change Detection
• Detecting new reflections in context of existing reflections or existing activity from exact repeat SAR archive
• Applications e.g. construction, vehicle presence, trains
• Focus on automatic detection (alerts) not identification of targets
Archive New
Archive New Change
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Alerts for newly detected “targets”
• Detecting new reflections in context of existing reflections or existing activity from exact repeat SAR archive
• Applications e.g. construction, vehicle presence, trains
• Focus on automatic detection (alerts) not identification of targets
Archive New
Archive New Change
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Improved change detection using a SAR stack
•Exactly repeated observation geometry
• Identical well-known SAR illumination
source
• Independent of weather and darkness
•Precise, reliable and efficient change
detection
•Speckle noise of individual acquisitions
can be filtered
SA
R
amp
litu
de
Time Time
-ΔdB
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
RADARSAT-2 XF (Extra Fine) Large images (125 x 135 km), High resolution (5 m)
Very dense information!
11
RADARSAT-2 XF March 5, 2015
1.45 Billion pixels!
XF-3, 20130613 Sample spacing: 2.66 m (sl.range) x 2.50 m (azimuth)
26784 samples x 54145 lines = 1.45 Billion pixels
Inc. angle near
edge
Inc. Angle far
edge
Ground Resolution
far edge (m)
Azimuth resolution
(m)Swath (km) NESZ (dB)
XF0W1 21 32.4 5.8 4.5 169 -21
XF0W2 31.3 38.9 4.9 4.5 130 -21
XF0W3 38.1 44.2 4.4 4.5 120 -21
XF0S7 44 48.8 4.1 4.5 108 -21
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
12
Temporal density of exactly repeated RADARSAT-2 5 m resolution archives (since 2010)
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Example of coverage in SE Asia
13
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
The benefit of exact repeat archive imagery Detection of recent illegal logging roads in Para State, Brazil
photos from nearby illegal logging roads
6x10 km, change detection
MFW 20120207 - 20130625 Single spotlight image
acquired after the activity:
SLA5 20130929
? Correlation of road network
from R2 and IRS-P6
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Forest Logging Alerts… “where to look?” Cachoeira Seca (Para, Brazil)
Alerts
Dec 2013 – April 2014
Alerts
March 2012 – December 2013
15
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Validation Flights
Alerts December 2013 – April 2014
Alerts March 2012 – December 2013
Flightlines, photos © ISA, 2014
Photos taken June 26, 2014
16
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
“Logs on the ground”
Flightlines, photos © ISA, 2014
17
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
Example of RADARSAT-2 Forest Monitoring Capability High Resolution fire scar progression in Berbak National Park 2015
Aug 3, 2015 – Sep 20, 2015
Water
Flat/smooth land
Forest
Sep 20, 2015 – Oct 14, 2015
Oct 14, 2015 – Nov 7, 2015
Wetlands
Buildings
MODIS 2015 fire alerts (FHS 80) RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2016– All
Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
18
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA
RADARSAT-2 vs. Landsat in Berbak NP Frequency + reliability + detail = useful forensic insights
Fire scar as of 05/09/2015
Fire scar as of 08/11/2015
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2016– All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
19
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Middle East recent (since 2014) XF Archive coverage
(24 day repeat)
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Humanitarian crisis in Kobane, Syria
Map based on Satellite imagery of November 7+9+13, 2014
RADARSAT-2 XF coverage October 11 and November 4, 2014
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
UNCLASSIFIED
Kobani Refugee Overview Kobani, Syria DOI: Unknown SEN: GOOGLE EARTH GEO: 365329N/0382117E DOP: 24 Nov 15
UNCLASSIFIED 20151124001 – 1/2
Turkey
Syria
In October 2014 Islamic State (ISIS) militants advanced to within a few miles of the Syrian-Kurdish City of Kobani, triggering a renewed stream of refugees seeking to cross the border into Turkey. The standoff for Kobani intensified every day with the influx of refugees arriving to the Turkish
towns on the border – the majority of them being women, children, the elderly and disabled.
http://yalibnan.com/2014/11/18/kurds-seize-islamic-state-arms-and-ammunition-near-kobani/
Turkey
Syria
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
UNCLASSIFIED
Turkey
Kobani Refugee Overview Kobani, Syria DOI: Unknown SEN: GOOGLE EARTH GEO: 365329N/0382117E DOP: 24 Nov 15
UNCLASSIFIED 20151124001 – 2/2
24 Oct 2014 04 Nov 2014
Syria
Kobani
24 Oct 2014 31 Oct 2014
© MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2015) All Rights Reserved.
GOOGLE EARTH GOOGLE EARTH GOOGLE EARTH
Turkey
Syria
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
UNCLASSIFIED
Legend
Reference Point
Turkey
Kobani Refugee Overview Kobani, Syria DOI: Unknown SEN: GOOGLE EARTH GEO: 365329N/0382117E DOP: 24 Nov 15
UNCLASSIFIED 20151124001 – 2/2
04 Nov 2014 04 Nov 2014 04 Nov 2014
RADARSAT-2 Alert Polygon
Syria
Kobani Kobani
Stable, Min Change (Yellow)
Growing, Sig Change (Red)
Reducing, Min Change (Green)
Growing, Sig Change (Red)
Stable, Min Change (Yellow)
© MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2015) All Rights Reserved.
RADARSAT-2 Alert Polygon
Syria
Syria
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Radarsat-2 imaging of the Nepal Earthquake of
April 25, 2015
Image mode: XF-2 (excellent resolution for damage assessment) Size of image: 125 x 135 km, 26783 x 53929 pixels
Pixel size: 2.66 x 2.49 m,
Nominal gr. resolution: 4.5 m
Heading: descending
Incidence angle: 31.6-38.7 degrees
Acquisition date and time: April 29, 2015 00:19:49 UT.
Archive imagery in exactly repeated geometry: April 5 2015, March 12, 2015, November 12 2014, October 19, 2014
Perpendicular baseline for the April 5 – April 29 2015 pair : 64.8m
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Nepal Earthquake, Interferogram April 4-29,2015
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Radarsat-2 imaging of the Nepal Earthquake of April 25, 2015 Measurement of both Line of sight (middle) and horizontal motion (right)
Horizontal motion can be measured because of high resolution of source data
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Radarsat-2 Land slide detection and building damage Assessment NW of Kathmandu (April 29, 2015)
Indication of damage to buildings, inspection using high res EO imagery (GE)
Land slide detections
High Building damage
Medium Building damage
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products ©MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd 2012 – All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency
Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA
Discussion and Summary
• Significant technical opportunities for improved use of earth observation: high resolution SAR surveillance – Collection of large archives
– Combined automatic use of archive and new imagery
– Archive data mining
• Efficiency, consistency of change detection
• Satellites in same orbit imaging geometry. Coordinated use of archive.
• “Where to look”, combined use with high resolution optical imagery
29