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A Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection Methods for Complex Movement Patterns. N. A. Fikouras and C. Görg Department of Communication Networks University of Bremen. Contents. Introduction to Mobile IP Mobile IP Hand-offs Movement Detection Methods Agent Selection - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
A Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
N. A. Fikouras and C. Görg
Department of Communication Networks
University of Bremen
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Contents
Introduction to Mobile IP Mobile IP Hand-offs
• Movement Detection Methods• Agent Selection• Agent Advertisements• Regional Registrations
Complex Movement Patterns Straight Line Back & Forth
Simulation Setup Simulation Results
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Mobile IP
MIP is an extension to IP Equivalent to the post office
forwarding service Enables IP Roaming Introduces IP Layer Hand-offs During Hand-offs the Mobile:
Detects Movement• Neighbouring Agent Discovery
• Agent Selection Registers
Hand-offs cause Packet Loss
Internet
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Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Movement Detection
Advertisement Based Requires Periodic Broadcast Agent Advertisements Agent Discovery = Movement Detection
Hint Based Requires Link-Layer Hand-off Information LL Hand-off Hint = Movement Detection Agents are solicited for Unicast Ads Periodic Advertising is not needed Solicited Ads = Agent Discovery
FA
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Agent Advertisements
Optimal Movement Detection requires high advertisement rates
High rates affect link throughput
Advertisements require the presence of Agents
Bibliography considers 100ms as optimal period
99%
97 .5%
95%
90%
80%
75%
00.1
0.20.3
0.40.5
0.60.7
0.80 .9
1
Advertisem ent Period (seconds)
48112
176240
304368
432496
Advertisem ent S ize (bytes)
130
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150
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210
Th
rou
ghp
ut (
KB
/sec
)
99%
97.5%
95%
90%
80%
75%w ith respect to th roughput foradvertisem ent s ize 48 bytes and period 1 sec
Throughput of an 914MHz Lucent WaveLAN DSSS radio interface with respect to MIP agent advertisement size and period
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Movement Detection Methods
Advertisement Based Lazy Cell Switching (LCS)
• Wait for Serving Agent to expire• Agent lifetime is 3 * Advertisement Period
(on average: 2,5*period) Eager Cell Switching (ECS)
• Hand-off upon Agent Discovery(on average: 0.5*period)
Hint Based Hinted Cell Switching (HCS)
• Solicit when „hinted“• Hand-off upon Agent Discovery
(Mobile Node – Agent Round Trip Time)
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Simulation Software
Network Simulator: a discrete event simulator from UCB/LBNL/VINT supports Mobile IP extended to support:
• LCS, ECS and HCS• Agent Selection as per
Sun Labs MIP• Regional Registrations
Screenshot from the Simulation Visualisation with the Network Animator (NAM)
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Simulation Setup
FA-MN link is wirelined+ No Wireless Loss
Hand-offs managed through manipulation of links
+ Controlled Cell Cross time Simulations terminated at 5%
relative error rate Simulation Traffic
RTP stream Emulates VAT traffic
• PCM encoding• 78 kbps• 200 octets/packet• 20 ms inter-packet delay
H A
Router
HA : H o m e A g e n t
FA
FA FA
FAFA
FAFA FA
GFA
FA
FA
MobileN ode
CNG FA : G ate w a y F o re ig n A ge n t
0.5ms100Mbps
CN : eC o rre s p on d e n t N o d
0.5ms100Mbps
3ms2Mbps
0.5ms100Mbps
0.5ms100Mbps
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Complex Movement Patterns
Simulation Scenarios 29 Location update frequency (locupd) rates
(0.1 locupd/sec – 20 locupd/sec) Mobile roams with a given rate on a per sec basis Variable time between location updates - uniform(0,2/rate)
• Represents variable cell size with constant size OR• Constant cell size with variable speed
Straight Line Movement (SLM)• Simulated topology: 50 FAs in a circle• With every completed circle all Agents are reinitialised
– Straight line movement without patterns
Back & Forth Movement (BnFM)• Simulated topology: 2 FAs
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
SLM – Service Disruption
During MIP Hand-offs a Mobile may not
exchange traffic (Service Disruption) Unsuccessful Agent Selection leads to extended
Service Disruption ECS/HCS outperform LCS/fLCS
ECS/HCS Hands-off upon Agent Discovery
HCS outperforms ECS due to faster Agent Discovery ECS waits for the next periodic broadcast HCS is “hinted” movement through LL hints HCS may solicit for Unicast Ads.
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
SLM – Service Disruption (cont.)
0
0 .1
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0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0
Ave
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e n
etw
ork
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(sec
)
L oca tio n u pd a te fre q ue n cy ( locup d / se c )
A ve ra g e N e tw o rk S e rv ice D is ru p tio n fo r Stra ig ht L in e M ove m en t P a tte rns
E a g er C e ll S w itch ingL azy C e ll S w itch in g
H inted C e ll S w itch ingfa s t L a zy C e ll S w itch in g
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Agent Selection
Agent Selection is based on the LocalMaTable (Sun Labs MIP v1.2)
Selection Criteria: LCS (supported by Sun MIP):
• Always the Serving Agent when activeOR
• Agent with longest lifetime ECS/HCS:
• Most Recently Discovered AgentOR
• Agent with longest lifetime fast extension (fHCS, fLCS)
Ignore the LocalMaTable Make Agent Discovery based on
Solicitation/Unicast Ads. Agent Selection in Sun Labs MIP v1.2
… SE
AR
CHAdvRemainingLifetime
AdvSrcAddr
AdvRemainingLifetimeAdvSrcAddr
AdvRemainingLifetimeAdvSrcAddr
AdvRemainingLifetimeAdvSrcAddr
Loc
al M
obi
lity
Ag
ent T
abl
e
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
BnFM – Service Disruption
In BnFM Service Disruption may be completed
without a prior MIP hand-off HCS faster Agent Discovery is not useful in BnFM.
There are no agents to be discovered. ! Agent Selection based on the LocalMaTable reacts
only in the case of Agent Expiration In HCS and with high lockupds expiration does not
occur due to hinted solicitation fHCS outperforms HCS due to more successful
Agent Selection The fast extension is not based on the LocalMaTable
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
BnFM – Service Disruption (cont.)
0
0 .0 5
0 .1
0 .1 5
0 .2
0 .2 5
0 .3
0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0
Ave
rag
e n
etw
ork
serv
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dis
rup
tion
(sec
)
L oca tio n u pd a te fre q ue n cy ( locup d / se c )
A ve ra g e N e tw o rk S e rv ice D is ru p tio n fo r B a ck & F orth M o vem e n t P atte rn s
E a g er C e ll S w itch ingL azy C e ll S w itch in g
H inted C e ll S w itch ingfa s t H in te d C e ll S w itch in g
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Conclusions (SLM) MIP hand-offs depend on Movement Detection MIP Movement Detection involves
Agent Discovery Agent Selection
LCS/fLCS, ECS are based on Agent Ads.- Slow or unsuccessful Agent Discovery
LCS, ECS are based on the LocalMaTable- Unsuccessful Agent Selection
HCS/fHCS are based on LL hand-off „hints“+ Faster Agent Discovery
In Straight Line Movement HCS outperforms fLCS/LCS, ECS
Workshop: IP in TelekommunikationsnetzenBremen, 25.1.01
c nom ets
c no m e ts Kom m unikationsnetze
Universität Brem enA Comparison of Wireless Mobile IP Movement Detection
Methods for Complex Movement Patterns
Conclusions (BnFM) In Back & Forth Movement Agent Discovery performance is
not as important There are no new agents to be discovered Agent Selection is more critical
LocalMaTable based methods depend on Agent Expiration HCS does not expire agents due to solicitations
fHCS is based on the fast extension Ignores LocalMaTable+ Adapts to local Agent (Known or newly Discovered)+ Performs more successful Agent Selection
Packet loss is directly dependent on service disruption HCS/fHCS demonstrates constant best performance in both
Straight Line and Back & Forth Movement Patterns