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The Lasting Impact of Europeans:
Religion, Language and Slavery
a. Describe the influence of African slavery on the development of the Americas.
Slavery in the Americas
• Shortage of labor in Americas led to beginning of Atlantic slave trade.
• Farmers and plantation owners first used Native Americans; European diseases and warfare killed millions of Native Americans.
• Workers were still needed on sugar, tobacco, and other types of plantations which brought about the Africa slave trade in the Americas.
Between the 1500s and the 1800s, 10 – 20 millions of Africans were captured, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas.
1. Why did European rulers bring Africans to the New World?
• Shortage of labor • diseases and warfare killed millions of Native
Americans• Workers were still needed plantations
2. What is the estimated number of Africans who were captured, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas?
• 10 – 20 million
Were you paying attention??!!
10 to 20 Million EnslavedBrazil
4 - 10 millionSpanish Empire
2 - 5 millionCaribbean
3 – 6 millionNorth America
.5 – 1 million
1. From which region were most African slaves taken?
Western Africa
2. Which colony imported the most African slaves?
Brazil
Seriously, you need to pay attention!!
Encomienda system – a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers.
What was the Encomienda System?
SOCIAL HIERARCHYWho had the most power? The least?
P
C
M
I & A
Peninsulares:Native Spaniards
Criolles:People of pureEuropean bloodBut born in theNew World
MestizoesIndian +European blood
Mulattos:African +European blood
Indians and AfricansCAUSES
M
Who had the most power?
Who had the least power?
Top social class – Peninsulares granted large estates called haciendas where they could grow crops, raise cattle and other farm animals for sale of products/trade
Peninsulares were identified as Spanish Born, from Spanish Parents (pure bloods from the home country)
Were only ones who could hold high public office (mayor, etc)
Distribution of land, wealth, privileges
Give me some facts about the Peninsulares
Second class below the Peninsulares were the Criollos (Creoles)
They were of pure Spanish Blood but were born in New Spain (Mexico) rather than in Spain.
Could not hold the same level of public office and were not granted the Haciendas from the king, but could inherit the land from their parents if they were Peninsulares
Distribution of land, wealth, privileges
Give me some facts about the Criollos (Creoles)
Mestizos - Mixed blood of European and a Native Indian
Because they had some “pure blood” they were considered above any “non-pure-blood” person.
These were the working class people of the society, mainly in small towns and communities.
Mulattos – Mixed blood of European and an African Slaves
Not the lowest place in society because they were not purely slave
Lower classes
Give me some facts about the MestizosGive me some facts about the Mulattos
Captured Aztec, other Native Indian Tribes, and Slaves from Africa
Used for labor with essentially no rightsUnder Encomienda System, “labor” was
to be treated fairly, with shelter, food, and living supplies but rarely was fair
Spain wanted to reduce any chance of over-throw by rebellious groups
Lowest Class
Give me some facts about the slaves and indigenous people (Native Americans)
Peninsulares
Peninsulares Creole
sCreole
s
MestizosMestizos MulattosMulattos
Native IndiansNative Indians
Black SlavesBlack Slaves
Based on Blood and birth location
Granted land, political office and voting rights
Inherit land, still considered upper class
No inheritance Lowest of the middle class
No rights whatsoeverNo rightswhatsoever
b. Describe the influence of the Spanish and the Portuguese on the language and religions of Latin America.
As result of slave trade, people of African descent spread throughout Americas and Western Europe
Spread called African Diaspora
Eventually led to spread of African culture —music, art, religion, food — throughout the Western World
Slaves and other ethnic groups blended
Spread of Culture
The term Latin America refers to the origin of the languages Spanish and Portuguese from Ancient Roman Empire.
These languages are spoken widely throughout Latin America as a result of European colonization of the region.
Languages of Latin America
There are two main languages spoken throughout Latin America Portuguese-
BrazilSpanish- in most
other countries
What are the two major languages in Latin America?
Spanish and Portuguese. Portuguese is the official
language of Brazil
What is the major religion in Latin America?
Roman Catholicism
