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A Multi Agent Based Model for Ground HandlingManagement at Airports
Patrick Kabongo
University of Brasılia
August 21, 2015
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 1 / 26
Overview
1 Introduction
2 Motivation
3 Goals
4 Problem description
5 MethodologyMulti-Agent ModelModel Assumptions
6 Agents
7 Modeling and ImplementationModelingImplementationResults achieved
8 Future works
9 Conclusions
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 2 / 26
Introduction
In recent year, there is increasing number of air flights as well aspassengers using air transport to travel to the foreign countries.
This increase of passenger and flight volume has generated apermanent challenge for civil aviation authorities, airlines and airportsto supply sufficient capacity to provide a safe transportation servicewith acceptable quality standards.
In the last decade, new traffic management practices, such asA-CDM, based on multi-agent and collaborative decision makingconcepts have been introduced at airports.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 3 / 26
Introduction
Ground handling addresses the many services required by atransportation aircraft while it is on the ground, parked at a terminalgate or a remote position in an airport, either at arrival from a lastflight or at departure for a new flight.
This includes the processing of boarding/de-boarding passengers,baggage and freight, as well as the aircraft itself (fuelling,cleaning,sanitation, etc).
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 4 / 26
Introduction
Among the many activities which contribute to the safety andefficiency of air transportation, airport ground handling plays animportant role even if it has remained in the shadow of other trafficactivities in the Operations Research literature.
While among the overall airport operations costs, ground handlingcosts represent a rather small portion, their dysfunction can generatehuge extra costs for airlines and airports as well as high discomfort forpassengers.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 5 / 26
Introduction
Figure: Simplified version of the airport ground turnaround processes (Kuster andJannach,2006)
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 6 / 26
Motivation
The ground handling management of aircraft has not been developedspecifically in the CDM approach,even if it has an important role inthe fluidity of the aircraft ground movements at airports *.
In order to satisfy the continuously increasing demand of usage,airport operators choose to increase the throughput of the airport byincreasing number of departure and arrival rate of the runaway.
They aim to increase efficiency and effectiveness of handling aircraftsin the airport, just like reduction of ground operations time availablefor each aircraft in order to increase turnover of aircrafts can beserved by the airport in a period of time.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 7 / 26
Objective
Main objective
To plan and to allocate a total number of different kinds of airport groundresources to aircraft in order to reduce the time of aircraft on ground.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 8 / 26
Problem description
There are total N flights need to be served and n, specific flights,n ∈ N.
n have a estimated arrival time ETAn and estimated departure timeETDn.
Considering we have 3 types of resources: Cleaning resources X ,x ∈ X where x , the number of Cleaning resources, Boarding resourcesY , y ∈ Y where y , the number of Boarding resources and Cateringresources Z , z ∈ Z where z , the number of resources.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 9 / 26
Problem description
Txn is the service time of the Cleaning resources x for flight n, Tyn isthe service time of the Boarding resources y for flight n, Tzn is theservice time of the Catering resources z for flight n.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 10 / 26
Problem description
The objective is to plan and to allocate the total number of differentkinds of Ground handling operations resources such:∑
XN +∑
YN +∑
ZN
where ∑XN = x1 + x2 + ... + xN∑YN = y1 + y2 + ... + yN∑ZN = z1 + z2 + ... + zN
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 11 / 26
Methodology
Our work proposes agent-based approach to deal with the problem.
According to the flowchart, the environment of the model will befirstly build, including a platform for agents to communicate andinteract in order to have more realistic simulation of the model.
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Multi-Agent Model
Figure: Connection of A-CDM with Ground Handling
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 13 / 26
Model Assumptions
The followings are the assumption of the multi-agent model:
There is no breakdown of any types of the maintenance vehicles;
There are no accidents, weather and other external factors whichaffect the operation and traffic of the airport;
Pre-emption of the services is not allowed, which the operations ofservices cannot be interrupted since it starts;
All of the resources needs all of the factor, including operators,vehicles,tools and materials, in order to perform their services;
The due times are fixed;
All of the process times and transportation times are determinableand known in advance;
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 14 / 26
Model Assumptions
Each maintenance resource can serve one of the aircrafts at any pointof time;
Each of the services must be successfully performed, since the servicestarts, the service must be finished successfully and no reprocess isneeded.
Each of the services must be performed by one maintenance resourceonly;
There are no cancellation of flights;
There is no restriction of the routing of the vehicles;
All of the resources are identical with their same type whichperformance of doing the service is the same;
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 15 / 26
Model Assumptions
All of the aircrafts are identical physically, i.e. services requirement isthe same;
All of the aircraft requires performing all of the three services,including cleaning, Boarding and Catering services before aircraftsdeparture;
The arrival pattern of aircrafts is solely based on the aircraft arrivalrate. There is no variance of arrival pattern during one trial.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 16 / 26
Agents
There are six agents need to be set in the model in order to simulatethe situations. There are the Airlines, ATC, GH coordinator, Cleaningresources, Boarding resources and Catering resources.
In the model, the number of Cleaning resources, Boarding resourcesand Catering resources available for allocation is unlimited.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 17 / 26
Modeling and Implementation
Since our system is still in development, we create only 3 agents inorder to simulate the exchange of information between them. Theyare:
Airlines Agent,ATC Agent,GH coordinator Agent.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 18 / 26
Modeling
We use the Prometheus methodology to model our agents as shownin the figures below:
Figure: Modeling of Airlines and GH coordinator Agents
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 19 / 26
Implementation
We use the JADE to implement our 3 agents.
JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework) is a softwareFramework fully implemented in the Java language.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 20 / 26
Results achieved
Figure: Exchange of information between Airlines and GH coordinator Agents
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Results achieved
Figure: Graphic interface printing times
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Future works
It will be done an inspection to see how the Ground Handlingoperations works in the Brasilia airport
It will be added to other agents that represent the tasks (oroperations) of Ground Handling.
It will create a global modeling of all agents and implements them inJade.
It will be used on automated planning concept to allocate GroundHandling resources to aircrafts.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 23 / 26
Conclusions
Aviation is one of the most important industries in the world.
In order to meet the increasing demand, the ground service efficiencymust be increased in order to reduce the ground time in airport in anyday.
A multi-agent model has been built.
Some agents are designed according to the architecture and also theagents’ communications has also being built.
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 24 / 26
References
Salma Fitouri-Trabelsi, Felix Mora-Carmino, Carlos Alberto Nunes-Cosenza, LiWeigang (2015)
Integrated Decision Making for Ground Handling Management
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research 17 – 31.
W.H. Ip, Vincent Cho+, Nick Chung and George Ho (2010)
A Multi Agent Based Model for Airport Service Planning
InTech Open Access Publisher, 93 – 100.
Antonio Carlos de Arruda Junior, Li Weigang, Viorel Milea (2014)
A new Airport Collaborative Decision Making algorithm based on DeferredAcceptance in a two-sided market
Elsevier Ltd. .
Mao, X et al. (2009)
Stable Scheduling of Airport Ground Handling Services by Heterogeneous Agents
Netherlands: Citeseer..
Eurocontrol(2011)
www.euro-cdm.org
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 25 / 26
Thanks!
Patrick Kabongo (UnB) Ground Handling Management August 21, 2015 26 / 26