A Regional GIS Analysis of Energy Use in the U.S

8/12/2019 A Regional GIS Analysis of Energy Use in the U.S.

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A

Regional

GISAnalysis

of Energy

Use in theU.S.

April 6

2014

This is an analysis of energy usage across the different regions in theUnited States for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008. The analysisincludes the total energy use of a regions residential, transportation,commercial, and industrial energy use.

By Calix Martinez


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A Regional GIS Analysis of Energy Use in the U.S. by Calix Martinez

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Table of ContentsIntroduction .......................................................................................................2

Study Area .........................................................................................................3

GIS Data Review ...............................................................................................4

Listed below are a name and description of the GIS data files Ive gathered

for the analysis. ...............................................................................................4

Energy ConsumptionEstimated Energy per Capita, 1960-2008 from

National Atlas. ................................................................................................4

1:1,000,000-Scale State Boundaries of the United States from National

Atlas ................................................................................................................5

State per Capita for 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008 from Income Bureau of

Economic Analysis .........................................................................................6

Data Preparation/GIS Workflow .......................................................................6

Analysis .............................................................................................................9

Analysis: Per Capita Income ........................................................................10

Analysis: Total Energy Per Capita ...............................................................14Analysis: Residential Energy per Capita .....................................................19

Analysis: Commercial Energy per Capita ....................................................29

Analysis: Industrial Energy per Capita ........................................................34

Results: Total Energy Per Capita .................................................................41

Results: Transportation Energy ....................................................................45

Results: Industrial Energy ............................................................................49Results: PCI and Energy Use .......................................................................51


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Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of income and energy use among the

different regions of the United States. My goals are to identify any trends or patterns among the

regions. Future energy policies and plans would benefit from this analysis as to assist in the

decision making process.

My approach will be to use data retrieved from the Energy Administration, The United

States Bureau of Economic Analysis, and NationalAtlas.gov. Spatial analysis will be done using

geographic information software ArcMap 10.1.


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Study Area

Regions used will be:

o East North Central: WI, IN, OH, IL, MI.o East South Central: KY, TN, AL, MS.o Middle Atlantic: NY, PA, NJ.o Mountain: MT, WY, ID, NV, UT, CO, AZ, NM.o New England: ME, VT, NH, MA, CT, RI.o Pacific: HI, WA, OR, CA, AK.o South Atlantic: DC, DE, WV, MD, VA, NC, GA, SC, FL.o West North Central: ND, SD, MN, IA, NEW, KS, MO.o West South Central: OK, TX, AR, LA.


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GIS Data Review

Listed below are a name and description of the GIS data files Ive gathered for the analysis.

1. Energy ConsumptionEstimated Energy per Capita, 1960-2008 from NationalAtlas.

This data set portrays per capita energy consumption estimates for each of the

fifty individual States, for the District of Columbia, and in aggregate for the United

States, for the years 1960 to 2008. The estimates are given in British Thermal Units

(Btu). Included are estimates for four energy-consuming sectors, which include

residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation. Also included is an estimate of

total energy consumption that combines the four energy-consuming sectors.(National

Atlas of the United States, 2007)

1. The residential sectorconsists of living quarters for private households.Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water

heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a variety of

other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutional living quarters. The

commercial sector consists of service-providing facilities and equipment for

businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and other private and public

organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.(National Atlas of the

United States, 2007)

2. The commercial sectorincludes institutional living quarters. It also includessewage treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector

include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration,

cooking, and running a wide variety of other equipment. It also includes

generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to


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support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments.

(National Atlas of the United States, 2007)

3. The industrial sectorconsists of all facilities and equipment used for producing,processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the following

types of activity: manufacturing; agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting;

mining, including oil and gas extraction; natural gas distribution; and

construction. Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heat and

cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air

conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to

manufactured products. This sector includes generators that produce electricity

and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above- mentioned industrial

activities.(National Atlas of the United States, 2007)

4. The transportation sectorconsists of all vehicles whose primary purpose istransporting people and/or goods from one physical location to another. Included

are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail

vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles.(National

Atlas of the United States, 2007)

2. 1:1,000,000-Scale State Boundaries of the United States from National AtlasThis map layer portrays the State boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, and

the U.S. Virgin Islands. The map layer was created by extracting county polygon

features from the CENSUS 2006 TIGER/Line files produced by the U.S. Census Bureau.

These files were then merged into a single file and county boundaries within States were

removed.(National Atlas of the United States, 2007)


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3. State per Capita for 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008 from Income Bureau of EconomicAnalysis

Per capita personal income was computed using Census Bureau midyear population

estimates. Estimates for 2010-2012 reflect county population estimates available as of

March 2013. Note, All state and local area dollar estimates are in current dollars (not

adjusted for inflation).(Bureau of Economic Analysis)

Data Preparation/GIS Workflow

1. The first step was to prepare my data.a. The Estimated Energy per Capita data were all DBF files, which are tables not

associated with a SHP file. The data was added into my ArcMap 10.1 interface,

and then joined with the State Boundaries.

i. Joining data is typically used to append the fields of one table to those ofanother through an attribute or field common to both tables. (ArcGIS10.1

Help)

b. The data was then exported to create five new SHP files.1. STATE_Total Energy per Capita2. STATE_Industrial Energy per Capita3. STATE_Commercial Energy per Capita4. STATE_Transportation Energy per Capita5. STATE_Residential Energy per Capita

c. The State Boundaries data needed to be regionalized to create a RegionBoundaries SHP file. Using the SUB_REGION field in the attribute table, each of

the states were Merged by region.


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i. Merge combines selected features of the same layer into one feature. Thefeatures must be from either a line or a polygon layer.(ArcGIS10.1 Help)

d. The STATE_Total, Industrial, Commercial, Transportation, and ResidentialEnergy per Capita DBF files needed to be regionalized. Using the Dissolve

reprocessing tool, the STATE_TOTAL, Industrial, Commercial, Transportation,

and Residential Energy per Capita DBF files were used as Input Features. The

Output Feature Class for each process was SUB_REGION. The Statistics fields

chosen were Z960-Z008 and the Statistic Type chosen was MEAN.

i. The Dissolve tool is used to create a simplified coverage from one that ismore complex. Although the input coverage may contain information

concerning many feature attributes, the output coverage contains

information only about the dissolve item. The attributes of the features that

become aggregated by dissolve can be summarized or described using a

variety of statistics. The statistic used to summarize attributes is added to

the output feature class as a single field with the following naming

standard of statistic type + underscore + input field name. For example, if

the SUM statistic is used on a field named POP, the output will have a

field named SUM_POP.


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e. Personal income per Capita was manually inputted for each state into the StatesSHP file for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008. Data was obtained from the

Bureau of Economic Statistics.

f. Summary Statistics analysis tool was used in ArcMap 10.1 to find a meanpersonal income per capita for each region under analysis. The Input Table

chosen were the State field. The Statistics Fields chosen were Personal Income

per Capita for 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008. The Case field chosen was

SUB_REGION. A DBF file was created and joined with the regions layer.


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Analysis

Multiple regional maps were created using quantitative graduated color symbology and

natural breaks in the data. These maps depict Per Capita Income, Total Energy per Capita,

Residential Energy per Capita, Transportation Energy per Capita, Commercial Energy per

Capita, and Industrial Energy per Capita. Multiple maps for these were created for the years

1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008 to look for any significant changes or trends over time.


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Analysis: Per Capita Income

For 1980, we can see that the East South Central and East North Central region have the

lowest PCI. The Mountain, West North Central, West South Central, South Atlantic, and New

England region all fall within the middle of the PCI range. Regions with the highest PCI are the

Pacific and Middle Atlantic region.


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For 1990, we can see that West South Central and East South Central region have the

lowest PCI. The Mountain, West North Central, East North Central, South Atlantic, and Pacific

region fall within the middle of the PCI range. The region with the highest PCI is the Middle

Atlantic Region.


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For 2000, we can see that the West South Central, East South Central have the lowest

PCI. The Mountain, West South Central, East South Central, South Atlantic, and Pacific regions

all fall in the middle of the PCI range. The regions with the highest PCI are the Middle Atlantic

and New England regions.


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For 2008, we can see that the East South Central region has the lowest PCI. The

Mountain, West South Central, West North Central, East North Central, South Atlantic, and

Pacific region all fall within the middle of the PCI range. The Middle Atlantic and New England

regions have the highest PCI.


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Analysis: Total Energy Per Capita

Total Energy consists of the sum of the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

sector.

The residential sectorconsists of living quarters for private households. Common uses of energy associated with

this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a

variety of other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutional living quarters. The commercial sector

consists of service-providing facilities and equipment for businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and

other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.(National Atlas of the United

States, 2007)

The commercial sectorincludes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Common

uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting,

refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide variety of other equipment. It also includes generators that produce

electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial

establishments.(National Atlas of the United States, 2007)

The industrial sectorconsists of all facilities and equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods.

The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing; agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting; mining, including oil and gas extraction; natural gas distribution; and construction. Overall energy use in

this sector is largely for process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility

heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products.

This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above-

mentioned industrial activities.(National Atlas of the United States, 2007)

The transportation sectorconsists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from

one physical location to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains, subways, and other

rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles. (National Atlas of the United States, 2007)


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In 1980, we can see that the region with the lowest Total Energy Consumption per Capita

was the New England region. The Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, East North Central, East

South Central, West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fall within the middle of the

Total Energy per Capita range. The region with the highest Total Energy Use per Capita is the

West South Central region.


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In 1990, we can see that the regions with the lowest Total Energy Use per Capita are the

Middle Atlantic and New England region. The South Atlantic, East North Central, East South

Central, West North Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fall within the

middle of the Total Energy Consumption per Capita range. The region with the highest Total

Energy Consumption per Capita is the West South Central region.


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In 2000, the regions with the lowest Total Energy Consumption per Capita were the

Middle Atlantic and New England regions. The South Atlantic, East North Central, East South

Central, West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fall within the middle of the Total

Energy Consumption per Capita range. The region with the highest Total Energy Consumption

per Capita was the West South Central region.


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In 2008, the regions with the lowest Total Energy Consumption per Capita were the New

England and Middle Atlantic regions. The South Atlantic, East North Central, East South

Central, West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fall within the middle of the Total

Energy Consumption per Capita range. The region with the highest Total Energy Consumption

per Capita was the West South Central region.


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Analysis: Residential Energy per Capita

The residential sectorconsists of living quarters for private households. Common uses

of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning,

lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. The residential sector

excludes institutional living quarters. The commercial sector consists of service-providing

facilities and equipment for businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and other private

and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.


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In 1980, the regions with the lowest Residential Energy Consumption per Capita were the

Pacific and South Atlantic regions. The Mountain, West South Central, East South Central,

Middle Atlantic, and New England regions fell in the middle of the Residential Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The regions with the highest Residential Energy Consumption

per Capita were the West North Central and East North Central regions.


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In 1990, the Middle Atlantic and Pacific regions had the lowest Residential Energy

Consumption per Capita. The Mountain, South Atlantic, New England, West South Central, East

South Central, and East North Central regions all fall in the middle of the Residential Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The West North Central region had the highest Residential

Energy Consumption per Capita.


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In 2000, the Pacific region had the lowest Residential Energy Consumption per Capita.

The Mountain, Middle Atlantic, West South Central, South Atlantic, East North Central, and

New England regions all fell in the middle of the Residential Energy Consumption per Capita

range. The West North Central and East South Central regions had the highest Residential

Energy Consumption per Capita.


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In 2008, the Pacific region had the lowest Residential Energy Consumption per Capita.

The New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, East North Central, West South Central, and

mountain region all fell in the middle of the Residential Energy Consumption per Capita range.

The West North Central and East South Central region had the highest Residential Energy

Consumption per Capita.


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Analysis: Transportation Energy Per Capita

The transportation sectorconsists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is

transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to another. Included are

automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and

ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles.


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In 1980, the regions with the lowest Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita were

the New England, Middle Atlantic, and East North Central regions. The South Atlantic, East

South Central, West South Central, West North Central, and Mountain region all fell within the

middle of the Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita range. The Pacific region had the

highest Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita.


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In 1990, the Middle Atlantic and New England region had the lowest Transportation

Energy Consumption per Capita. The South Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central,

West North Central, West South Central, and Mountain region all fell in the middle of the

Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita range. The Pacific region had the highest

Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita.


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In 2000, the Middle Atlantic and New England regions had the lowest Transportation

Energy Consumption per Capita. The South Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central,

West North Central, and Mountain region all fell in the middle of the Transportation Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The Pacific and West South Central region had the highest

Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita.


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In 2008, the New England region had the lowest Transportation Energy Consumption per

Capita. The Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central, West North

Central, and Mountain region fell in the middle of the Transportation Energy Consumption per

Capita range. The Pacific and West South Central region had the highest Transportation Energy



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Analysis: Commercial Energy per Capita

The commercial sectorincludes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage

treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating,

water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide variety of

other equipment. It also includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output

primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments.


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In 1980, the New England region had the lowest Commercial Energy Consumption per


Central, and Mountain region all fall in the middle of the Commercial Energy Consumption per

Capita range. The Pacific and West South Central region had the highest Commercial Energy



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In 1990, the East South Central region had the lowest Commercial Energy Consumption

per Capita. The New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, West North

Central, West South Central, and Pacific region fell in the middle of the Commercial Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The Mountain region had the highest Commercial Energy



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In 2000, the New England region had the lowest Commercial Energy Consumption per

Capita. The Middle Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central, West North Central, West

South Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fell in the middle of the Commercial Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The South Atlantic region had the highest Commercial Energy



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In 2008, The New England and Pacific region had the lowest Commercial Energy

Consumption per Capita. The Middle Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central, West

South Central, and Mountain region all fell in the middle of the Commercial Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The West North Central and South Atlantic region had the

highest Commercial Energy Consumption per Capita.


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Analysis: Industrial Energy per Capita

The industrial sectorconsists of all facilities and equipment used for producing,

processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the following types of

activity: manufacturing; agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting; mining, including oil and gas

extraction; natural gas distribution; and construction. Overall energy use in this sector is largely

for process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility

heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to

manufactured products. This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful

thermal output primarily to support the above- mentioned industrial activities.


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In 1980, the New England region had the lowest Industrial Energy Consumption per


Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fell in the middle of the Industrial Energy Consumption

per Capita range. The West South Central region had the highest Industrial Energy Consumption

per Capita.


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In 1990, the Middle Atlantic and New England region had the lowest Industrial Energy

Consumption per Capita. The South Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central, West

North Central, Mountain, and Pacific region all fell in the middle of the Industrial Energy

Consumption per Capita range. The West South Central region had the highest Industrial Energy



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Results: Per Capita Income

1980 PCI 1990 PCI 2000 PCI 2008 PCI

Pacific 10,744.4 19,783.4 29,707.0 42,228.0

Mountain 9,115.1 16,319.50 25,739.0 37,917.50

New England 9,288.1 20,237.5 32,152.6 45,110.3

West North

Central

8,989.7 16,977.1 27,320.2 40,320.8

Middle Atlantic 10,166.0 21,796.0 33,770.3 47,409.6

East North

Central

9,586.4 18,031.80 28,798.6 37,804.4

South Atlantic 9,146.6 18,583.1 29,181.1 42,519.6

East South

Central

7,357.0 15,282.750 23,613.0 33,064.750

West South

Central

8,495.5 14,980.5 24,121.7 36,866.7

Decreases and increases in PCI are based on a regions movement into one of the 5

natural breaks groups in the data.

The region with the highest Per Capita Income from 1980 to 2008 was the Middle

Atlantic region.

The New England region has increased its PCI from 1980 to 2008.


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The Pacific region had the highest per capita income in 1980. It declined in 1990 and

hasnt changed significantly up till 2008.

The East North Central region has had a decline in PCI from 1980 to 2008

The South Atlantic region has seen growth in PCI from 1980 to 2008.

The West North Central Region has seen some growth in PCI from 1980 to 2008.

The Mountain region has had a decline in PCI from 1980 to 2008.

The West South Central region has seen some growth in PCI from 1980 to 2008.

The East South Central region has the lowest PCI and has seen little change in PCI from

1980 to 2008.


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Results: Total Energy Per Capita

The New England region has the least amount of Total Energy Consumption per Capita.

From 1980 to 2000 there was a rise in consumption and nearly exceeded the Middle Atlantics.

From 2000 to 2008, there was a decline in consumption.

The Middle Atlantic region had a decline in Total Energy Consumption per Capita from 1980

to 1990; this was opposite of the New England regions growth in consumption. From 1990 to

2000, there was some growth in consumption but that leveled off from the year 2000 to 2008.

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

MEAN_Z980 MEAN_Z990 MEAN_Z000 MEAN_Z008

EnergyU

seperCapita

(Btu)

Year, 1980 to 2008

Total Energy Consumption per Capita

East North Central

East South Central

Middle Atlantic

Mountain

New England

Pacific

South Atlantic

West North Central

West South Central


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The South Atlantic region experienced growth very similar to the New England region. From

1980 to 2000, the South Atlantic region had an increase in Total Energy Consumption per

Capita. In 2000, this stopped and they began to experience a decline in consumption till 2008.

The East North Central region falls within the middle of the Total Energy Consumption per

Capita range. From 1980 to 2008 there was growth and decline in consumption. In 2008, the

regions consumption was slightly less than its 1980 consumption.

The East South Central region experienced a modest rate of growth in consumption from

1980 to 1990. This rate increased from 1990 to 2000. From 2000 to 2008, the region experienced

a slight decline in consumption.

The West North Central region has experienced the most growth in Total Energy

Consumption per Capita among the other regions. Consumption has been increasing at an

aggressive rate from 1980 to 2008.

The West South Central region consumes the most Total Energy per Capita among all the

regions. Overall from 1980 to 2000, it has seen a decline in energy use.

The Mountain region has not had any significant changes in Total Energy Consumption per

Capita from 1980 to 2008.

The Pacific region experienced a large amount of growth from 1980 to 1990. From 1990 to

2008 it has had a decline in Total Energy consumption.


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Results: Residential Energy

The New England region falls within the middle of the Residential Energy Consumption per

Capita range. There was a modest rate of growth from 1980 to 2000 followed by a sharp decline

until 2008.

The Middle Atlantic region had a large decline in Residential Energy Consumption from

1980 to 1990 and from 1990 to 2000 there was a large amount of growth in consumption.

Overall, from 1980 to 2008 there was very little change in consumption.

The South Atlantic region has seen an overall growth from 1980 to 2008 in energy

consumption.

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0


EnergyU

seperCapita

(Btu)

Year, 1980 to 2008

Residential Energy Consumption per Capita

East North Central

East South Central

Middle Atlantic

Mountain

New England

Pacific

South Atlantic

West North Central

West South Central


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The East North Central region experienced a large decline in Residential Energy

Consumption per Capita from 1980 to 1990. This was followed by a steady growth until 2008.

Overall, there was very little change in consumption from 1980 to 2008.

The East South Central region has exhibited the largest amount of change in Residential

Energy Consumption per Capita. From 1980 to 2000, there was a large increase in consumption.

From 2000 to 2008, there has been a slight decline.

The West North Central region has growth in Residential Energy Consumption from 1990 to

2008.

The West South Central region has experienced a large amount of growth in Residential

Energy Consumption from 1980 to 2000. There has been a decline in use from 2000 to 2008.

The Mountain region has experienced an overall growth in Residential Energy Consumption

from 1980 to 2008.

The Pacific region has seen a large decline in Residential Energy Consumption from 1980 to

2008.


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Results: Transportation Energy

The New England region has experienced growth in Transportation Energy use from 1980 to

2008. This region had the lowest transportation energy consumption among the regions.

The Middle Atlantic region has experienced growth in Transportation Energy Consumption

from 1980 to 2008.

South Atlantic: The South Atlantic region had some growth in consumption till 2000, but

declined until 2008.

The East North Central region experienced growth in consumption till 2000, and then has

had a decline in consumption till 2008.

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0


EnergyU

seperCapita

(Btu)

Year, 1980 to 2008

Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita

East North Central

East South Central

Middle Atlantic

Mountain

New England

Pacific

South Atlantic

West North Central

West South Central


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The East South Central region experienced growth in consumption till 2000, and then had a

decline until 2008.

The West North Central region has experienced growth in consumption from 1980 to 2008.

The West South Central region had growth in Transportation Energy Consumption until

2000, and then had a decline in consumption until 2008.

The Mountain region has fluctuated every year, but has overall slightly declined in

transportation energy consumption.

The Pacific region has the highest Transportation Energy Consumption among the regions

and has had a slight increase from 1980 to 2008.


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Results: Commercial Energy

The New England region has seen growth in Commercial Energy consumption from 1980

to 2008.

The Middle Atlantic region has seen growth in Commercial Energy consumption from

1980 to 2008.

The South Atlantic region had some growth in Commercial Energy Consumption until 2000.

It had a decline in consumption until 2008.

The East North Central region has had growth in Commercial Energy Consumption from

1980 to 2008.

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0


EnergyU

seperCapita

(Btu)

Year, 1980 to 2008

Commercial Energy Consumption per Capita

East North Central

East South Central

Middle Atlantic

Mountain

New England

Pacific

South Atlantic

West North Central

West South Central


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The East South Central region has had growth in Commercial Energy Consumption until

2000. It then declined in consumption rate until 2008. Overall this region did exhibit growth in

consumption.

The West North central region has seen significant growth in Commercial Energy

consumption from 1980 to 2008.

The West South Central region has the highest Commercial Energy consumption. From 1980

to 2008 it has had a decline in consumption.

The Mountain region has had very little change in commercial energy consumption from

1980 to 2008.

The Pacific region had a large increase in commercial energy consumption until 1990. This

was followed by a decrease in consumption until 2008.


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Results: Industrial Energy

The New England region has the lowest Industrial Energy consumption among all the

regions. From 1980 to 2008 it has experienced an overall decline in consumption.

The Middle Atlantic region has experienced an overall decline in industrial energy

consumption.

The South Atlantic region has experienced an overall decline in industrial energy


The East North Central region has experienced an overall decline in industrial energy


0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0


EnergyU

seperCapita

(Btu)

Year, 1980 to 2008

Industrial Energy Consumption per Capita

East North Central

East South Central

Middle Atlantic

Mountain

New England

Pacific

South Atlantic

West North Central

West South Central


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The East South Central region had experienced little change in industrial energy consumption

from 1980 to 2008.

The West North Central region is the only region to experience significant growth from 1980

to 2008.

The West South Central region has the highest industrial energy consumption. It has

experienced an overall decline from 1980 to 2008.

The Mountain region has experienced a modest decline in industrial energy consumption

from 1980 to 2008.

The Pacific region experienced some growth in industrial energy consumption from 1980 to

1990. It has had a decline in consumption until 2008.


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Results: PCI and Energy Use

Statistical regression analysis using Arcmap 10.1 was run. The dependent variable chosen was

energy use across the four sectors and the independent variable chosen was PCI. The results were

inconclusive and not significant. I believe this to be caused by the gaps between the years 1980,

1990, 2000, and 2008 of the PCI data used. However, a visual analysis was done looking at

trends among the higher and lower percentile regions. These are not conclusion, only

speculations that should be further looked into.

1. The New England and Middle Atlantic regions have the highest Per Capita Incomeamong the other regions.

a. These two regions have the smallest area among the other regions.b. Both have the least amount of Residential Energy Consumption per Capita.c. Both have the least amount of Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita,

possible due to size of the regions.

d. Both are in the bottom half of the Commercial Energy Consumption per Capitaamong the other regions.

e. Both are in the bottom half of the Industrial Energy Consumption per Capitaamong the other regions.

2. The East South Central and West South Central regions have the lowest Per CapitaIncome among the other regions.

a. The West South Central region has highest Total Energy Consumption per Capita.b. The East South Central region has one of the highest Residential Energy



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c. Both regions are near the highest in Transportation and Commercial EnergyConsumption per Capita, possible due to size.

d. West South Central region has highest Industrial Energy Consumption per Capitaand the East South Central region is second highest, possible due to size and

location.

3. The South Atlantic has seen growth from 1980 to 2008 in its Per Capita Income relativeto the other regions.

a. The South Atlantic has seen little change in Total Energy Consumption perCapita.

b. Residential Energy Consumption per Capita is increasing.c. Transportation Energy Consumption per Capita has not changed much.d. Commercial Energy Consumption per Capita has not changed much.e. Industrial Energy Consumption per Capita is on the decline.

Although I used the mean of all the States for each region for their PCI and energy

consumption, I would speculate that the size of the region seems to play a role in its energy use;

especially when looking at specific sectors of energy use. When we look at this data and

compare the PCI to energy use there do not seem to be any definite trends, further research and

more data is necessary before drawing any conclusions on how they relate to each other.


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Documents

A Regional GIS Analysis of Energy Use in the U.S