A Review of Methods for Automated Recognition of Casting Defects

NETT Induction Workshop 2013

Jury’s Inn, Nottingham University Park, University of Nottingham

NETT Induction Workshop 2013 2

NETT Partners

The NETT programme is a partnership between the University of

Nottingham, Imperial College London, University of Minho

(Portugal), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Spain), Centre of

National Research (Italy), Radboud University Nijmegen

(Netherlands) and BitBrain Technologies Ltd (Spain), together

with associate partners in industry.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the funding support of the European

Commission. We thank the local support team at Nottingham for

their assistance, particularly Tory Hayward and Liz French

Welcome to Nottingham!

Whether you are here as part of the NETT programme or are participating for your own interest, we

hope you enjoy your time with us.

NETT (Neural Engineering Transformative Technologies) is an Initial Training Network funded by the

European Commission, designed to train the next generation of neural engineers. This induction and

workshop is designed to give an overview of the programme and the areas of research it covers.

Lectures and seminars will be given by members of NETT together with selected invited speakers.

If you have any queries as the event progresses, please do contact the organisers Professor Stephen

Coombes and Dr David Hawker. Information about the event and a copy of this booklet will appear on

the main conference website http://www.neural-engineering.eu/

Welcome

Professor Stephen Coombes

http://www.neural-engineering.eu/


Programme

The conference will be held in Jury’s Inn, Nottingham, with the exception of Thursday 18 April to be held on University

Park campus of the University of Nottingham. Lunch and refreshments will be provided on-site. The conference dinner

will follow talks on the 18 April. The organisers are happy to advise participants on possible eateries for other meals.

Week 1 Monday 15 April 2013

10.00-10.30 Arrivals and registration

10.30-10.45 Refreshments

10.45-11.15 Steve Coombes University of Nottingham Introduction to NETT (scientific aspects)

11.15-11.45 Victoria Hayward University of Nottingham Introduction to NETT (practical aspects)


12.15-13.00 Noah Russell University of Nottingham Introduction to WP2: Synthetic Cognition

13.00-14.00 Buffet Lunch

14.00-14.45 Wolfram Erlhagen University of Minho Introduction to WP3: Human-Robot Interaction

14.45-15.30 Cristina Masoller Polytechnic University of

Catalonia (UPC)

Introduction to WP4: Neural Inspired Information Processing


16.00 Close

Tuesday 16 April 2013


10.15-10.55 Rob Mason University of Nottingham

Tutorial: Neurophysiological approaches to studying brain

function in health & disease in lab & clinic

11.05-11.45 Rob Mason University of Nottingham

Seminar: Neurophysiological approaches to studying brain

function in health & disease in lab & clinic


12.00-12.40 Rasmus Petersen University of Manchester Tutorial: Neural Coding

12.50-13.30 Rasmus Petersen University of Manchester Seminar: Neural Coding


14.30-15.10 Tim Pearce University of Leicester Tutorial: tbc

15.20-16.00 Tim Pearce University of Leicester Seminar: tbc



16.30-17.15 Bert Kappen Radboud University Nijmegen Lecture: Control Methods

17.15 Close

Wednesday 17 April 2013

09.15-10.00 Bert Kappen Radboud University Nijmegen Introduction to WP1: Adaptive Control Methods


10.15-11.00 Michele Giugliano University of Antwerp Introduction to NAMASEN

11.00-11.40 Axel Hutt INRIA Lecture: ‘Fundamental Elements of Neural Field Models’


12.00-12.40 Axel Hutt INRIA Seminar: ‘Nonlinear Noise Effects in Neural Fields’

12.40-13.25 Javier Minguez BitBrain Introduction to WP7: Neural Rehabilitation


14.30 Close

15.00-19.00 Social activity - tbc

19.00 Further social activity

Thursday 18 April 2013

NOTE: Events this day will be held in Keighton Auditorium, University Park Campus

10.00-10.40 Christopher James University of Warwick Lecture: Neural Engineering for BCI

10.50-11.30 Christopher James University of Warwick Seminar: Independent Component Analysis for brain source

identification


11.45-13.15 Fabrizio Conicella Bioindustry Park Silvano

Fumero/bioPmed

Networking Training pt. 1


14.15-14.30 All fellows NETT consortium Election of fellows’ rep for meeting

14.30-15.45 Members only NETT consortium Supervisory board and management meetings


16.00-17.00 Peter Dayan University College London Colloquium: ‘Competition and Cooperation between Model-based

and Model-free decisions’


17.00 Close

17.30 Coach departs from Visitors Car Park (opposite Keighton Auditorium) for dinner

18.00-21.00 Riverbank – Conference Dinner

Friday 19 April 2013


10.15-11.45 Fabrizio Conicella Bioindustry Park Silvano

Fumero/bioPmed

Networking Training pt. 2


12.00-13.00 Wolfram Erlhagen University of Minho Lecture: ‘Applications of Dynamic Field Theory in Robotics’


14.00-15.30 Jordi Garcia Ojalvo Polytechnic University of

Catalonia (UPC)

Lecture: ‘Noise in neuronal systems’


16.00 Close

Week 2 Monday 22 April 2013


10.15-11.00 Simon Schultz Imperial College London Introduction to WP5: Neural Coding

11.00-11.45 Alessandro Torcini National Research Council

(CNR)

Introduction to WP6: Emergent Neurodynamics


12.00-13.00 Simon Schultz Imperial College London Lecture: ‘Information theory and the neural code’


14.00-15.00 Tomas Bellamy University of Nottingham Seminar: Computational properties of astrocytes calcium

signalling

15.00-16.00 Steve Coombes University of Nottingham Lecture: Mathematical Neuroscience


16.30 Close

Tuesday 23 April 2013



10.15-11.15 Rodrigo Quian

Quiroga

University of Leicester Seminar: Modelling and analysis of extracellular recordings


11.45-13.00 Alessandro Torcini National Research Council

(CNR)

Lecture: Coherent activity in excitatory neural networks’


14.00-15.00 Jonathan Peirce University of Nottingham Lecture: V1 neurons

15.00-16.00 John van Opstal Radboud University Nijmegen

(RU)

Lecture: ‘The neural encoding of gaze orienting in the midbrain’


16.30 Close

Wednesday 24 April 2013


10.15-11.30 Ben Bedwell Horizon Research Fellow Video Conferencing/Podcast/Recording Training


11.45-13.00 All fellows NETT consortium Personal Career Development Plan (PCDP)


14.00 Close

15.00-17.00 1stBowl – Tenpin Bowling

17.00 Further social activity

Thursday 25 April 2013


10.15-11.15 Andrew Jackson Newcastle University Seminar: Tools for the brain: Using neural interfaces to restore

motor function


11.30-12.30 Aristodemos

Pnevmetikakis

Athens Information Technology Seminar: ‘Pattern classification: the face recognition case study,

part 1'


13.30-14.30 Aristodemos

Pnevmetikakis

Athens Information Technology Seminar: ‘Pattern classification: the face recognition case study,

part 2'



16.00 Close

Friday 26 April 2013


10.45-11.45 Jonathan Peirce University of Nottingham Lecture: Python


12.00-13.00 Steve Furber University of Manchester Seminar: Biologically-Inspired Massively-Parallel Computing


14.00-14.45 Sid Visser University of Nottingham ER Seminar: From Spiking Neurons to Brain Waves

14.45-15.30 Romain Caze Imperial College London ER Seminar: ‘The role of dendritic non-linearities in single

neuron computation’

15.30-15.45 Steve Coombes University of Nottingham Closing address


16.00 Departures


Abstracts Lectures and Seminars from NETT members

Name Steve Coombes Title Mathematical Neuroscience (Lecture)

Name Wolfram Erlhagen Title Applications of Dynamic Field Theory in Robotics (Lecture) Abstract In recent years, there has been an increased interest by part of the robotics community in using the theoretical framework of Dynamic Neural Fields to develop neuro-inspired control architectures. I will discuss how we apply the basic processing principles of DNFs to endow autonomous robots with cognitive capacities like working memory, decision making and prediction. I will illustrate the approach using examples from robot navigation and human-robot interactions.

Name Axel Hutt Title Fundamental Elements of Neural Field Models (Lecture) and Nonlinear Noise Effects in Neural Fields (Seminar)

Name Bert Kappen Title Control Methods (Lecture)

Name Jordi Garcia Ojalvo Title Noise in Neuronal Systems (Lecture)

Name Aristodemos Pnevmetikakis Title Pattern classification: the face recognition case study (Seminar)

Name Simon Schultz Title Information theory and the neural code (Lecture)

Name Alessandro Torcini Title Coherent activity in excitatory neural networks’ (Lecture)

Name John van Opstal Title The neural encoding of gaze orienting in the midbrain (Lecture)

NETT Fellows’ Talks

Name Romain Caze Title The role of dendritic non-linearities in single neuron computation (Seminar) Abstract Experiment has demonstrated that summation of excitatory post-synaptic protientials (EPSPs) in dendrites is non-linear. The sum of multiple EPSPs can be larger than their arithmetic sum, a superlinear summation due to the opening of voltage-gated channels and similar to somatic spiking. The so-called dendritic spike. The sum of multiple of EPSPs can also be smaller than their arithmetic sum, because the synaptic current necessarily saturates at some point. While these mechanisms are well-explained by biophysical models the impact of dendritic spikes on computation remains a matter of debate. This is because dendritic spikes may fail to make the neuron spike; similarly, dendritic saturations are sometime presented as a glitch which should be corrected by dendritic spikes. I will provide solid arguments against this claim and show that dendritic saturations as well as dendritic spikes enhance single neuron computation, even when they cannot directly make the neuron fire. To explore the computational impact of dendritic spikes and saturations, I am using a binary neuron model in conjunction with Boolean algebra. I demonstrate using these tools that a single dendritic non-linearity, either spiking or saturating, combined with somatic non-linearity, enables a neuron to compute linearly non-separable Boolean functions (lnBfs). These functions are impossible to compute when summation is linear and the exclusive OR is a famous example of lnBfs. Importantly, the implementation of these functions does not require the dendritic non-linearity to make the neuron spike. Next, I show that reduced and realistic biophysical models of the neuron are capable of computing lnBfs. Within these models and contrary to the binary model, the dendritic and somatic non-linearity are tightly coupled. Yet we show that these neuron models are capable of linearly non-separable computations.

Name Sid Visser Title From Spiking Neurons to Brain Waves


Invited Talks

Name Tomas Bellamy

Title Computational properties of astrocytes calcium signalling

Name Peter Dayan

Title Competition and Cooperation between Model-based and Model-free decisions

Abstract Substantial recent work has explored multiple mechanisms of decision-making in humans and other animals. Functionally and anatomically distinct modules have been identified, and their individual properties have been examined using intricate behavioural and neural tools. I will discuss the background of these studies, and describe a number of recent experiments that have cast a stronger, albeit more confusing, light on the interactions between these mechanisms. I will also talk about other related dichotomies of control.

Name Steve Furber

Title Biologically-Inspired Massively-Parallel Computing

Abstract The SpiNNaker project is developing a massively-parallel computer, ultimately to incorporate over a million ARM processor cores, optimised for modelling large-scale systems of spiking neurons in biological real time. It offers a generic fabric for research both into the operating principles of brains and into engineered applications of neural networks, for example in neurorobotics.

Name Michele Giugliano Title Introduction to NAMASEN

Abstract NAMASEN is an initial training network under the FP7 Marie-Curie actions, starting in October 2011. It deals with Neuroelectronics and Nanotechnology, as a ground towards a Multidisciplinary Approach for the Science and Engineering of Neuronal Networks. NAMASEN targets both technological and scientific priorities, such as the development of novel multi-electrode arrays and advanced interfaces that functionally interact with neurons and networks. NAMASEN investigates neuro-electronic hybrids as devices able to undergo a functional and anatomical reconfiguration, on the basis of the activity-dependent plasticity and rewiring properties of neurons, under some control by the experimenter.

Name Andrew Jackson

Title Tools for the brain: Using neural interfaces to restore motor function

Abstract Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) decode electrical activity directly from the nervous system to provide new communication channels for paralysed patients to interact with the environment. However, despite technological advances, the quality of 'brain control' has yet to match the speed, accuracy and efficiency of natural movements. Most current interfaces use a 'biomimetic' approach to decode motoric information, despite profound differences in biomechanical and sensory properties of artificial effectors. In this talk I will argue that BMIs should instead be conceived as abstract tools offering new sensorimotor affordances that the brain must learn to exploit. Understanding the mechanisms by which abstract sensorimotor skills are acquired, and the limits of motor cortical flexibility, will be essential for developing neural interfaces that are compatible with the computational architecture of the motor system.

Name Christopher James

Title Independent Component Analysis for brain source identification

Name Rob Mason

Title Neurophysiological approaches to studying brain function in health & disease in lab & clinic

Name Tim Pearce

Title

Name Jonathan Peirce

Title V1 Neurons and Python


Name Rasmus Petersen

Title

Name Rodrigo Quan Quiroga

Title Modelling and analysis of extracellular recordings

Participant Posters

Name John Butcher

Title

Name Yi-Ping Lo

Title


Participants Name Association Country Role

Stephen Coombes University of Nottingham UK Organiser David Hawker University of Nottingham UK Organiser Liz French University of Nottingham UK Local support Tory Hayward University of Nottingham UK Local support Tomas Bellamy University of Nottingham UK Invited speaker Peter Dayan University College London UK Invited speaker Steve Furber University of Manchester UK Invited speaker Michele Giugliano University of Antwerp Belgium Invited speaker Andrew Jackson Newcastle University UK Invited speaker Christopher James University of Warwick UK Invited speaker Rob Mason University of Nottingham UK Invited speaker Tim Pearce University of Leicester UK Invited speaker Jonathan Peirce University of Nottingham UK Invited speaker Rasmus Petersen University of Manchester UK Invited speaker Rodrigo Qian Quiroga University of Leicester UK Invited speaker Laurent Bougrain INRIA/LORIA Nancy grand Est France NETT member Fabrizio Conicella Bioindustry Park Silvano Fumero Italy NETT member

/bioPmed Estela Erlhagen University of Minho Portugal NETT member Wolfram Erlhagen University of Minho Portugal NETT member Jeremy Graham Cairn Research Ltd UK NETT member Axel Hutt INRIA/LORIA Nancy grand Est France NETT member Bert Kappen Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands NETT member Thomas Kreuz CNR Institute of Complex Systems Italy NETT member Christina Masoller Polytechnic University of Catalonia Spain NETT member Javier Minguez Bit Brain Technologies Spain NETT member Jordi Garcia Ojalvo Polytechnic University of Catalonia Spain NETT member Aristodemos Pnevmatikakis Athens Information Technology Greece NETT member Noah Russell University of Nottingham UK NETT member Simon Schultz Imperial College London UK NETT member Chris Sumner University of Nottingham UK NETT member Alessandro Torcini CNR Institute of Complex Systems Italy NETT member Birgit Trogisch Brain Products GmbH Germany NETT member John van Opstal Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands NETT member Luca Antonello Annecchino Imperial College London UK NETT fellow Alessandro Barardi Polytechnic University of Catalonia Spain NETT fellow Nebojsa Bozanic CNR Institute of Complex Systems Italy NETT fellow Romain Caze Imperial College London UK NETT fellow David Angulo Garcia CNR Institute of Complex Systems Italy NETT fellow Nitzan Herzog University of Nottingham UK NETT fellow Maciej Jedynak Polytechnic University of Catalonia Spain NETT fellow Bahadir Kasap Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands NETT fellow Alban Levity University of Nottingham UK NETT fellow Nadezda Rukavishnikova University of Minho Portugal NETT fellow Andreea Ioana Sburlea Bit Brain Technologies Spain NETT fellow


Sid Visser University of Nottingham UK NETT fellow Reham Badawy - UK Participant John Butcher Keele University UK Participant Funda Catan University of Nottingham UK Participant Benjamin Dunn Norwegian University of Norway Participant

Science and Technology Georgina Fenton University of Nottingham UK Participant Bo Fu University of Nottingham UK Participant Alex Johnston University of Nottingham UK Participant Tran Trung Kien University of Nottingham (Malaysia) Malaysia Participant Yi-Ping Lo Nottingham Trent University UK Participant Michelle Margetts University of Nottingham UK Participant Mayte Bonilla Quintana University of Nottingham UK Participant Katharina Reusch University of Nottingham UK Participant Hernan Rey University of Leicester UK Participant David Sidaway - UK Participant Jacopo Tessadori Italian Foundational Institute Italy Participant

of Technology Christopher Towlson University of Nottingham UK Participant Diana Turcsany University of Nottingham UK Participant Kyle Wedgwood University of Nottingham UK Participant


Location The workshop will be held at Jury’s Inn, Nottingham, with the exception of 18 April to be held at University Park.

Jury’s Inn The hotel is situated in the centre of Nottingham, close to the main railway and bus stations. The hotel has 264

bedrooms, a bar, Costa coffee and restaurant. WiFi is available for residents 24 hours a day.

Riverbank Restaurant The venue for the conference dinner is close to Jury’s Inn as shown on the map above. A coach will be collecting

delegates from University Park Campus following Peter Dayan’s talk (see programme). We will be based in the

upstairs function room. http://www.riverbanknotts.co.uk/. Wine and jugs of water will be provided with the meal –

further drinks can be purchased at the bar at the cost of the individual.

Riverbank Restaurant

Broadmarsh Bus Station

Nottingham Railway Station

Nottingham City Centre

http://www.riverbanknotts.co.uk/


University Park Talks on Thursday 18 April will take place on the main University Park campus of the University of Nottingham. The

main talks will be in Keighton Auditorium (56 on the map below). The management meeting will be held in Room A17

which is within the Mathematical Sciences Building next door (20 on the map).


Local Info Buses The indigo bus run by Trent Barton goes every few minutes from Broadmarsh Bus Station (a few minutes’ walk from

Jury’s Inn) – take the stop outside the Queen’s Medical Centre (QMC) which is just outside University Park campus.

https://www.trentbarton.co.uk/services/indigo/maps-and-times (all routes go past the University).

Alternatively, from Canal Street (outside of Broadmarsh Bus Station) you can catch Nottingham City Transport (NCT)

buses numbers 13 or 14 straight to University Park campus (the 13 goes right through the middle of campus).

http://www.nctx.co.uk/Buses/13 or http://www.nctx.co.uk/Buses/14/.

Both options are £1.70 for a single ticket. The NCT buses do not issue change.

The Skylink runs from Broadmarsh Bus Station to East Midlands Airport 24 hours a day

http://www.eastmidlandsairport.com/emaweb.nsf/Content/SkyLinkNottingham. Tickets are £5.

Trams ‘NET’ trams connect the Railway Station to the City Centre but from there only travel North and do not connect at

present to the University. http://www.thetram.net/

Single tickets (off-peak) are £1.90.

Taxis The largest taxi provider in Nottingham is D&G. These are used by the University and well-trusted.

http://www.dgcars.co.uk/ You will need to book on 0115 9500 500 or 0115 9607 607.

The only taxis that can be approached in the street are the large (usually dark green) taxis with the light on top –

similar to the London taxis. There are taxi ranks around the City, including outside Broadmarsh Bus Station, around

the Railway Station and at numerous places in the Centre.

It will typically cost around £8 for a single journey between the city centre and the University.

Local sites of interest Nottingham Castle

Hard to miss. The original castle was destroyed but still interesting.

http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1262. Close by is ‘Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem’ which is

supposedly the oldest pub in England (dates back to 1189).

Nottingham Caves

Bizarrely you get to these from within Broadmarsh shopping centre! http://www.cityofcaves.com/

Galleries of Justice

In the Lace Market area of the City. http://www.galleriesofjustice.org.uk/

Wollaton Park

Right next to the University, free to enter and also where the latest Batman film was shot (recognise the Hall?). http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=2915

Many other things are in or around Nottingham. There’s also the theatres, ice centre and arena, football grounds,

Trent Bridge cricket ground, several cinemas, etc. http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=98

https://www.trentbarton.co.uk/services/indigo/maps-and-times

http://www.nctx.co.uk/Buses/13

http://www.nctx.co.uk/Buses/14/

http://www.eastmidlandsairport.com/emaweb.nsf/Content/SkyLinkNottingham

http://www.thetram.net/

http://www.dgcars.co.uk/

http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1262

http://www.cityofcaves.com/

http://www.galleriesofjustice.org.uk/



Documents

A Review of Methods for Automated Recognition of Casting Defects