A SEMINAR ON:SALINITY PROBLEMS IN COASTAL

REGIONS OF BANGLADESH Presented ByGroup : Hasnehena

Venue : ARD LabArranged By

Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development

Patuakhali Science and Technology University

Dumki, Patuakhali-8602

WELLCOME TO OUR SEMINAR

INTRODUCTION The coast of Bangladesh

consists of 19 districts, covers 32% of the country and accommodates more than 35 million people . Increasing salinity is a crucial issue to the people of the coastal region of Bangladesh. Due to increasing salinity in the water and soil, the people of the region are suffering from scarcity of safe drinking water, irrigation, agriculture and other uses. A recent study indicates that the salinity affected area has increased from 8330 square km in 1973 to 10560 square km in 2009 (Soil Resource Development Institute, 2010) [1].

INTRODUCTION(CONT..)

But it has been observed that all the coastal cultivable lands are not being utilized for crop production, mostly due to soil salinity. Increased soil salinity limits growth of standing crops and affects overall crop production, and also makes the soil unsuitable for many potential crops. Soil salinity has been considered a major constraint to food grain production in coastal areas of the country . Hence diagnosis of the causes of saline intrusion is required.

OBJECTIVES

To know the effect of salinity of the coastal region 

To know strategy for management of costal saline soils

To estimate the impact of salinity on crop production

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

According to S.A.Haque,2006 Coastal saline soil occur in the river deltas along the sea coast ,a few km to 180 km

According to salinity survey findings and salinity monitoring information , about 1.02 million ha(about 70% ) of the cultivated lands are affected by varying degrees of soil salinity . About 0.282 million hectares of lands

are affected by very slight salinity .

REVIEW OF LITERATURE(CONT..)

About 0.297 million hectares of lands are affected by slight salinity .

About 0.191 million hectares of lands are affected by moderate salinity .

About 0.450 million hectares of lands are affected by strong salinity .

About 0.087 million hectares of lands are affected by very strong salinity .

REVIEW OF LITERATURE(CONT..)

According to M.K. Alam ,1982 ,Most of the coastal region soils are moderate to strongly alkaline . The pH ranges from 6.0-8.4 . The pH value of the surface soil being lower than those of the sub-surface soils. Micronutrients deficiencies are occurred where pH values are higher.

According to A.Haque,2001, coastal region soils are poor in organic matter content less than 1%. The low organic content in soil indicates poor physical condition of the coastal soils.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE(CONT..)

The CEC of the coastal soils range from 9.4-40.6 m.e.%. Soils having CEC below 15 m.e.% is considered as of poor status (Singaraval et al.,1996)

Due to salinity, P deficiency has been observed in Chitagong ,Barguna ,Satkhira and Patuakhali districts. Widespread Zn and Cu deficiencies have been observed in the coastal regions.(Karim et al.,1990)

METHODOLOGY

This study was prepared by using Websites Journals Survey results Publication and literature Case study and books

FINDINGS

The coastal area covers almost 2900 square kilometers or about 20% of the country .About 53% of the coastal areas are affected by salinity. Salinity causes unfavorable condition and hydrological situation that restrict the normal crop production throughout the year. The estimates indicate that Bangladesh has about 2.8 million ha (Chanratchakool,2007) of land affected by salinity and poor quality of water. The saline soils are mainly found in Khulna , Barisal , Patuakhali , Chittagong and Noakhali district of the coastal and offshore land.

FINDINGS(CONT..)

FINDINGS(CONT..)

FINDINGS(CONT..) Causes of salinity intrusion in

coastal region of BD There are multiple reasons of

salinity intrusion in the coastal area of Bangladesh. It includes natural, socioeconomic and political systems. All these systems are interlinked to each other.

Natural SystemsCritical Geographical Location

of the CountrySedimentationSea Level RiseTidal Flooding

FINDINGS(CONT..)

Socioeconomic SystemsContinuous Shrimp

Cultivation in Agricultural Land

Weak Structure and Poor Maintenance

Political SystemsWeak Water Governance

Systems at Local LevelCross Boundary River PolicyLack of Capacity of Local

GovernmentStructural Intervention in

Upstream Neighboring Country

FINDINGS(CONT..)

FINDINGS(CONT..)

FINDINGS(CONT..)

Reduction in yield due o salinity in coastal areacrop Past(B

efore 3 years)(tons/ha)

Present(tons/ha)

% reduction

BoroAusOnion ChiliGarlicJute

5-5.54.5-59-1225-270.45-0.63.5-4

2-2.52.53-4.5o.6-0.90.3-0.42

605065753350

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Accumulation of salts can result in three soil conditions: saline, saline-sodic and sodic soils

In saline soil different symptoms are shown in soil and plant. For example :

RESULT AND DISCUSSION(CONT..)

Fig: White crust form in saline soil

RESULT AND DISCUSSION(CONT..)

Fig : Leaf tip burn due to saline soil

RESULT AND DISCUSSION(CONT..)

Fig: Leaf burn and reduced tiller number of rice

RESULT AND DISCUSSION(CONT..)

On the other hand, some saline tolerant crops are found such as sunflower,coconut,barley etc.

Some Salt tolerant Rice variety in Bangladesh BRRI dhan4 ,BRRI dhan40,BRRI dhan41 BRRI dhan46,BR23 ,BRRI dhan27,BINA dhan7.

RECOMMENDATION

Policy level : Develop Regional Policy and

Strategy regarding Trans Boundary River.

Established Regional court for conflict Regulation and SAARC

Develop strategic direction for Joint River Commission (JRC) to monitor River.

RECOMMENDATION (CONT..) Practice level :

Proper application of interventional Rules and acts of Trans boundary river.

Equipped JRC with necessary technology and manpower.

Built capacity of local government department and institutions on IWRM.

Advocacy with intergovernmental on structural interventions across Trans Boundary River.

Massive awareness at the local level regarding water resource, its use and management dissert.

CONCLUSION

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops. Most crops are sensitive to salinity caused by high concentration of salts in the soil. As yield of crop production had been reduced due to salinity, the cost of production had gradually increased. In addition to this enormous financial cost of production, there are other serious impacts of salinity on infrastructure, water supplies, on soil structure and stability of communities. In this situation management of salinity intrusion is the vital issue for Bangladesh.

REFERENCES

Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) 2010. Saline Soils of Bangladesh; SRDI, Ministry of Agriculture: Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Huq, S. (ed) (1999). Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change for Bangladesh. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

Ali, A., 1999, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Assessment in Bangladesh, Climate Research, vol.12, pp.109-116.

Flaherty M, Szuster B, Miller P (2000) Low salinity inland shrimp farming in Thailand. Ambio 29:174–179.

Karim. Md. Rezaul., 2000. Shrimp culture and changing land use pattern in Rampal Upazilla, Bagerhat Zilla: A spatial analysis, pp. 99-120.

Khan, A. H., (1993), Farakka Barrage: Its impact on Bangladesh-an overview, Dhaka, P.13.

Thanks to all