Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Aanappappi
(Biographical Church History)
By
Adv. Dr. P. C. Mathew Pulikkottil
K. V. Mammen Kottackal
First Published: December 2000
Second Edition: January 2001
Third Edition: April 2015
Publishers: Kottackal Publishers
Manganam, Kottayam-18, Kerala Ph: 0481 2578936
Copy Right: Publishers
Price: Rs. 150/-
(Malayalam)
]km-[-I≥:
sI. hn. amΩ≥
tIm -bv°¬ ]_vfn-tjgvkvamßm-\w, tIm´bw 686 018 tIcfw
t^m¨: 0481 2578936
B\-∏m∏n(k- m-N-cnX ][m-\-amb Poh-N-cnXw)
KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ:˛
AUz. tUm. ]n. kn. amXyp ]pen-t°m- n¬
sI. hn. amΩ≥, tIm -bv°¬
sI. hn. amΩ≥
P\\w 1929˛¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn- -bn¬. ]nXmhv Fw. h¿Kokv
tIm´-bv°¬, Xpº-a¨. amXmhv adn-bm-Ω. _ncpZ _ncp-
Zm-\-¥c ]T-\-Øn\p ]pdta \mKv]q¿ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-
bn¬ \n∂v 1960˛¬ tP¿W-enkw Untπmam Ic-ÿ-am-°n.
ae-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-bn¬ 40-˛Dw N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ 50-˛Dw
h¿jw ]Xm-[n] kanXn AwK-ambncp-∂p. "ae-¶c k`-'
amknIbpsS ap≥ ]Xm-[n] kanXn AwKw. 45 h¿jw
]pXp-∏≈n \ne-bv°¬ ]≈n kt≠-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-
\mbncp∂p. ae-¶ck -bnse ImtXm-en-°m-am¿, Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse ae-¶-
c-k-`, doØp-]-ÿm-\w, k`m-Ihn kn. ]n. Nm≠n, ]. Koh¿Kokv c≠m-a≥
_mhm, ]. HutK≥ _mhm, ]mºmSn Xncp-ta-\n, h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n, _nj∏v
hm¬jv, 2000 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-¶ck`, Ce-™n-°¬ tPm¨ h°o¬,
]pØ≥Im-hv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n, bm®m-cw, C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: Ncn-
Xhpw kwkv°m-chpw, ae-¶c h¿Kokpw B\-∏m∏nbpw apX-embn k`m NcnX-
-Poh-Ncn-X-]-[m-\-ß-fmb Adp]-Xn¬]cw KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv.
`mcy eoemΩ amΩ≥ amßm\w aµncw Bip-]-Xn-bnse tebmΩ satΩm-
dn-b¬ \gvknwKv kvIqƒ ap≥ ]n≥kn-∏¬. a°ƒ hdp-Kokv amΩ≥ (B-\µv
Sm≥kvt]m¿´v), AUz. t\m´dn taml≥ amΩ≥, tUm. A\nX tacn tXmakv
(imkvX-⁄, A-Wp-i‡n hIp-∏v)
hnemkw: tIm´-bv°¬, amßm-\w, tIm´bw ˛ 18 t^m¨: (0481) 2578936
AUz. tUm. ]n. kn. amXyp ]pent°m´n¬
Ip∂wIpfw ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Nm°p-Æn-bp-sSbpw Ip´m-
bn-bp-sSbpw aI≥. 1935-˛¬ P\n-®p. aZm-kv, ssak-q¿,
tIcfm- k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ \n∂v _n. F., _n. F¬.,
Fw. Fkv. Uªyp., Un. Fkv. Fkv. _ncp-Z-߃ t\Sn.
ImeSn kwkvIrX k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS
]Sn-tbm-e-I-sf-∏‰n Kth-jWw \S-Øn ]n.F®v.Un. Icÿ-
am°n.
c‡mw-_-cw, Ipfn-cp≈ cmXn-bn¬, A¿≤-cm-Xn-bn¬
F∂o sNdp-IYm kamlm-c-ßfpw B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-∏m´pw NcnXtcJ-I-fpw,
sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-fbpw ae-¶-c-k- -bpw, Ip∂w-Ipfw Imh-Sn-t°kv, \ncWw
]≈n-®-cnXw, dmhpkmln_v tUm. Noc≥ h¿§okv, sI. Sn. amXyp, tUm. kn.
kn. amXyp F∂o KŸ-߃ cNn-®p. B\-∏m-∏n, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n,
C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-N-cn-Xhpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, \oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈
\nb-a-bp-≤w, Ce-™n-°¬ tPm¨ h°o¬, ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n
F∂o KŸ-ß-fpsS kl-K-Ÿ-Im-c-\m-Wv. 2005˛¬ \yqtbm¿°v sk‚ v KotKm-
dn-tbmkv skmssk-‰n-bpsS Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-\m-bn.
Biwkae-¶-ck -bpsS Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ß-fn¬ \S∂ Ahn-kva-c-
Wobamb Hcp kp]-[m\ kw`-h-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Ncn-Xhpw ae-¶-c-k-`m
- m-kp-c≥ h´t»c-n¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm k -
bv°p-th≠n A\p-jvTn® XymK-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ t\¿°p-≠mb h[- o-j-
Wn-Isf t\cn-Sm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Imh¬°m-cpsS Xe-h-\mb h¿°n Bim≥
F∂ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS Iqc-amb h[hpw sIme-t°kpw Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°p tImS-
Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw Db-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n® in£bpw a‰pw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Cu
]pkvXIw \ΩpsS k`m-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Hcp mK-am-Wv. A≤ym-]-I≥ IqSn-bm-bn-
cp∂ h¿°n F∂ B\-∏m∏n k`m-kvt\lw aqe-amWv ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-
te°v B\-bn-°-s∏- -Xv. a√\pw i‡-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏nsb hI-h-cp-ØmsX,
h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°n-hn-Sm≥ km[y-a-s√∂p≈
FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS IW°p Iq´-ens‚ ^e-amWv NXn-bn-eqsS \S-Ønb ]m∏n
h[w.
]m∏n-sb-∏-‰nbpw, Hcp ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm \m´nse Nne-cpsS t]cW -
aqew \S-Ønb A\-[n-IrX apS-°ns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw In´m-hp∂
B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cNn-®n- p≈ Cu ]pkvX-Iw, sX‰mb
]e ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ Xncp-Øm\pw bYm¿∞ hkvXp-X-Iƒ a\-n-em-°m\pw
hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-b-I-amWv. ssZh-Øns‚ A`n-jn‡s‚ t\tc ZpjvS-em-
t°msS ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°p e`n-°p∂ in£ ]Xy-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw
Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
kXyw a\-n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw bph-X-e-ap-dbv°p k`-tbmSp IqSp-X¬
kvt\lhpw Iqdpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Cu ]pkvXI hmb\ Hcp henb Af-
hn¬ klm-bn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\p c≠p ]£-an-√. k`mNcn-X-˛-Poh-N-cnX cN-
\m-cw-K-ß-fn¬ ]iw-k-\o-b-amb ]h¿Ø-\-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]pen-
t°m-´n¬ AUz. ]n. kn. amXyphpw tIm´-bv°¬ sI. hn. amΩ\pw IqSn
FgpXnb it≤-b-amb ""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂ KŸw k`m-N-cnX ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°pw
At\z-j-I¿°pw Hcp henb apX¬°q-´m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\p kwi-b-an-√.
KŸ-I¿Øm-°-fmb Ccp-h-scbpw anI® Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xnb \ΩpsS
tPmk^v Noc-\-®t\bpw \mw A\p-tam-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ch-cpsS k`m-N-cnX
kmlnXy ]cn-t]m-jWsØ hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p.
_t-en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm
amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°mtIm´bw
19- 11- 2000
Imc-bv°-en¬ h®p \S-Ø-s∏´ B\-∏m∏n Nc-a-i-Xm_vZn
ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNbvX ]. _t-en-tbmkv
am¿tØmam ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm
BapJw]pcm-X-\-]-kn-≤-amb ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-
bpsS Ncn-XsØ kw_‘n-®n-S-tØmfw tNmc ]pc≠ Zo¿Lamb
Hcm-≤ym-b-Ønse [oc \mb-I-s\∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ B\-∏m-
∏n-bpsS Ipcp-Xn-sb-∏‰n Fs´m≥]Xp Zim-_vZ-߃°p- tijw F¥n-
\mWv Fgp-Xp-∂-sX∂v C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bnse CXp kw_-‘n®p
th≠X hnh-c-an-√mØ k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fmb Nne¿s°-¶nepw \ymb-
ambn tNmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kº-∂-amb ae-¶ck`-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-
Øn\pw Imin\pw th≠n Hcp iXm-_vZ-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn \S-∂p-h-cp-
∂Xpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ig-ºn-√m-ØXpw hy‡n-\n-jvT-hp-amb \nm-
c-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb I£n-h-g-°ns‚ Dd-hnSw a\-n-em-
°m\pw XZzmc imizX kam-[m-\-Øns‚ hmSmØ imZze ]tZ-i-
sØ-Øm\pw kXy-k-‘-amb NcnXw ]Tnt® Xocq. AXn\p a‰p
Ipdp-°p-h-gn-sbm-∂p-an-√ (a-e-¶-c-k`-bnse ]iv\-ß-fp-sS apJy -Im-
cWw \ΩpsS Bfp-Iƒ k`m-N-cn-Xhpw kXy-hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw
]Tn®p a\-n-em°n ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm-ØXm-
sW∂p ASpØImeØv A¥-cn® henb ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mb
dh. tUm. hn. kn. kmap-th¬ ]e-hpcp ]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-´p-≠v).
]im¥kpµ-c-am-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-c-k`m ktcm-h-c-Øn¬ X°-Xmb
ImcWw IqSmsX apS-s°∂ sNfn-]p-c≠ Is√-Sp-sØ-dn™p Ie-
°n-bXpw ]W-tØm-sSm∏w A[n-Imc a’y-ßsf ]nSn-°m≥ Nne¿
h©-\-sIm≠p s\bvsX-SpØ he- ho-in-bXpw aqe-amWv k`-bn¬
Xncn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw Xncn-a-dn-I-fp-sSbpw XocmØ Xnc-am-e-Iƒ, i‡n
Ipd-™-Xm-sW-¶nepw, C∂pw hoin-b-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. iXm-
_vZ-߃°p apºpXs∂ IS-en-\-°sc XS™p \ndp-tØ-≠n-bn-cp∂
It√m-e-am-e-Isf Imen-\-Sn-bn-te°p \n¿_m[w ASn-®p-tI-‰m≥ C\n
A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ Chn-sS-bp-≈-h¿°p Ic-bn¬ \n¬°m≥ t]mepw CS-
an-√msX hcp-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\p c≠p-]-£-an-√.
ssZhm-i-b-tØmSpw ss[cy-tØmSpw [\y-Po-hnXw \bn®v Hcp \q‰m-
≠n\p apºv Xs‚ k`m-\u-I-sb, Imdpw tImfpw \nd™ IS-en-eqsS
adn-bm-sXbpw apßn-a-dn-bm-sXbpw I∏-tem-Sn® Hcp I∏n-Øm-s\-t∏mse,
Xt‚-S-tØmSp IqSn \bn® ae-¶-c-k`m `mkp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-
Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb \oN-ambn h[n-
°m\pw At±-l-Øns‚ ssIh-i-Øn¬ \n∂p k`-bpsS kncm-tI-µ-
8 B\-∏m∏n
am-bn-cp∂ ]gbskan-\mcn X´n-sb-Sp-°m\pw ZpjvS-i-‡n-Iƒ \S-Ønb
X´n-∏p-Iƒ°v Cc-bmb Hcp a√-\mWv B\-∏m∏n F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-
b-s∏-Sp∂ h¿°n Bim≥.
ZrV-Im-b\pw I¿Ω-ssN-X\y [\y\pw ss[cy-hm\pw k`m-kvt\-
ln-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏nsb h[n-s®-¶n¬ amX-ta, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-a-\n-
bpsS tZl-c-£m¿∞w \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-hsc t]Sn-∏n-°m\pw
]nSn-°m\pw ASn-t®m-Sn-°m\pw H‰-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw HSp-hn¬ skan-\mcn
]nSn-s®-Sp-°m\pw km[n-°p-I-bp≈p F∂p th≠hn[-Øn¬ ap≥ I≠p
sIm≠mWv Akm-[m-c-W -ta-[m-i-‡n-bpw -Bƒ_-ehpw A¿∞hpw
A[n-Imcÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \√ ]nSn-]mSpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ Nne¿ KqVm-
tem-N\ \SØn ]m∏nsb ]´m∏I¬ \Zn-bpsS A°sc \n∂p h∂p
sh´n-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.
Hcp ]s£ Xmsg∏-d-bp∂ thZ-hmIyw k`m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ D’p-I-
cm-bn-cp∂ Cu kpX-[m-c-∑m¿°p, A√ sNIp-Øms‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v
t]cW \¬In-bn- p-≠m-hmw. ""_e-hms\ ]nSn-®p-sI- o- -√msX Ahs‚
ho´n¬ IS∂p Ahs‚ tIm∏p Ih¿∂p If-hm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-
bn-√. ]nSn®psI´n-bm¬ ]ns∂ Ahs‚ hoSp Ih¿® sNømw'' (a¿-
t°mkv 3:27).
A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ NcnXw abßn Dd-ßp-Ibpw AXncm-hnse DW-
cp-Ibpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂, IWzm-ia kam-\-amb
]gbskan-\m-cn-sb, Hc-c-™mWw IWs° Np‰n aßm-sXm-gp-Ip∂
as‰mcp amen\o\Zn-sbt∂m aµm-In-\n-sbt∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂
ao\-®n-em-dns‚ adp-I-c-bn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n® X¿°-hn-X¿°-ßfpw, k`m-
N-cnX Xcw-Kn-Wn-bn¬ c‡-—hn Ie¿Ønb Cu \c-l-Xybpw ]m∏n-
°v Hc-f-hn¬ B[p-\nI ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ c‡-km-£n-bpsS ]cn-thjw
AWn-tb-≠n- h-∂Xpw B¿°pw AX-thKw ad-hn-bpsS Bg-°-S-en-
te°p X≈m-\m-hn-√-t√m.
Cu \c-_-en-tb-°ƒ ][m\w, A√ `bm-\mIw AsXm-cp-°nb
ZpxJ-Øns‚ ]m\-]mXw tam¥n-°p-Sn-®-h-cpsSbpw IÆp-\o¿ XSm-I-
Øn¬ \o¥n-°p-Sn®p A°c IS-∂-h-cp-sSbpw bmX-\-Iƒ \nd™
PohnX acp-`q-bm-X-bm-Wv. CtX-∏‰n ]e Imcy-߃ k`m-N-cn-
XØns‚ th≠X sXfn-bmØ Xmfp-I-fnepw ssIbn-se-Sp-Øm¬
ajn ]‰p∂ A∂sØ ]X-am-kn-IIfn-epw shfn®w ImWmsX Nn∂n-
®n-Xdn InS-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂n-cn-°nepw ssZh-Øns‚ k`-bn¬ A¿l-
X-bn-√mØ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ßfpw \mWwsI´ Imcy-߃°p-t]mepw
9B\-∏m∏n
t]cW \¬Ip∂ \mW-b-ßfpw ]am-Wn-Øhpw Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥
Nne a\p-jym-[a∑m¿ ImWn® s\dn-tI-Sp-Iƒ th≠-hn-[-Øn¬
tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p F¶n¬ k -bn¬ CØcw \oN-]-hrØnIƒ
ho≠pw Xe-s]m-°p-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. \√ Dt±-iy-ß-tfmSp IqSnb k`m-
]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Imep IpØp∂ Nne¿ e-]p-jvSn-bp≈ ÿeØp
Imep-d-∏n®p Ign-™m-epS≥ ssZh-sØ ad∂v k`-bpsS kzØp-°-
fn¬ ImI-ZrjvSn ]Xn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]≈n-bn¬ h∂p _I [ym\w \S-
Øp-Ibpw k`-tbbpw Xß-sf-Ø-s∂bpw Htc kabw \mi-Iq-]-Øn-
te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ImgvN k`m-N-cn-Xw H∂p adn®p
t\m°p-∂-h¿°p t]mepw Zriy-am-Wv (t\-¥-th-enbpw a‰pw ssI°em-
°n-b-h¿°p Bbp-kns‚ a≤yw IS-∂-t∏m-tg°pw IÆo¿]mSØp
Xs∂ ivaim\w Is≠tØ≠n h∂Xv ChnsS ]k-‡-amb as‰mcp
IY).
CØcw lo\-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬ \n]-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n Hcp KpW-
]m-T-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv B\-∏m∏n h[hpw H´-[nIwt]sc \nb-a-Øn-
s‚bpw a‰pw hmƒap-\-bn¬ \n¿Ønb tIkpw A\-¥-c-^-e-ßfpw
a‰pw IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. Hcp IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bn¬ \S-Ø-
s∏´ Cu sIme-]m-X-I-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne hy‡n-Ifpw Nne
]apJ IpSpw-_-ßfpw t\cn´ IjvS-\-jvS-ßfpw Zpc-¥-ßfpw Zp¿Ω-c-
W-ßfpw \ncm-i-bn¬ \n]-Xn® a‰p Nne-cpsS PohnX kmbm”-ßfpw
\c-I-Po-hn-Xhpw ae-bm-f-`m-j-tbmSv Ipsd-sbms° tZmjw sNømsX
i‡-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ IpØn-°p-dn-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬
`mjm-kvt\-lsØ ap≥\n¿Øn AXp hnSp-I-bm-Wv.
]pWykva-cWm¿l\mb HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ _mhmsb 75 h¿jw
apºv At±lw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Hcp IjvSm-\p-
`hBgvN-bn¬, I≈-Sn-®-tijw ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ h®v Im∏n-hSn
sIm≠-Sn-®-hcpw AXn\pth≠n GWn-Nm-cn-s°m-Sp-Ø-hcpw A\p- -hn®
\c-I-bm-X-\-Iƒ°pw thZ-\bv°pw IjvSm-\p-`-h-߃°pw IW-°n-√.
am¿ HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm F∂ Poh-N-cn-X-Ønse (tIm-´-
bv°¬ ]ªn-tjgvkv, amßm\w, tIm´bw˛18) "]ndhw a¿±\w' F∂
A≤ym-b-Øn¬ KŸ-I¿Ømhv, B \oN-IrXyw sNbvX-h¿°p-≠mb
ITn-\- bm-X-\-Iƒ ZrIvkm-£n-I-fpsS hnh-c-W-ßsf ap≥\n-dpØn
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
40 h¿jw apºv, 1976 HmKÃv 21-˛\p ]I-S\w \bn®v A¶-amen
`Zm-k-\-Øns‚ Bÿm-\-amb Bephm Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn
]nSn-s®-Sp-°m\pw AXp hf™p ae-¶ck`-bpsS Aw_m-k-U-sd∂p
10 B\-∏m∏n
hnti-jn-∏n-°s∏-Sp∂ tUm. oen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm- ntemkv saXm-
t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]pI®p ]pd-Øm-°m\pw sshZn-Isc h[n-°m\pw ian-
°p-Ibpw HSp-hn¬ Im¿ IØn®p tIm]w Nmº-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
kw`hw AX thKw ad-°m-\m-hn-√-t√m. Im¿ IØn-®-h¿°pw AIaw
Im´n-b-h¿°pw e`n® ssZhnI in£ A⁄m-X-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬
ChnsS Ipdn-°p-∂n-√.
Hcp Iogvt°m-SXn hn[n-bpsS tIm∏n _nj-∏n\p \¬Im-s\∂
hymtP\ 1998 sk]v‰w-_¿ 19-˛\v A¿-≤-cmXn Hcp kwLw BZw-K-hm-
Zn-I-fmb ssh-Zn-Icpw Kp≠-Ifpw ]m]-Øns‚ ]m\obw AI-Øm-
°nbpw I√pw I´-Ifpw hSn-Ifpw ssII-fn-te-¥nbpw aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-
a-\bv°v Is√-dn-bm\pw ssItb‰w \S-Øm\pw I≠-\mSv `Zm-k\
saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmb tUm. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns\
hI-h-cp-Øm\pw \S-Ønb iaw ]ecpw hninjy sshZnIskan-\m-cn-
I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-hcpw ]Tn-°p-∂-hcpw ]gb ]mgvsN-bvXn-I-fn¬ \n∂v
]mT-sam∂pw CXp-hsc ]Tn-®n-´n-s√-∂mWv ]I¬ t]mse hy‡-am-
°p-∂-Xv.
CXbpw Ipdn-®-t∏m-gmWv a\p-jys‚ kzm¿∞-X, Zpcm-Klw, kpJ-
Zpx-J-k-Ωn-i-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh kv]jvS-am-
°p∂ cmam-bWw Atbm-≤ym-Im-fi-Ønse Hcp NnXw Hm¿Ω-bpsS
`nØn-bn¬ ]Xn-™-Xv. a\p-jys‚ k¶-S-ßfpsS aqe-Im-cWw Aan-
Xm-i-bm-Wv. Atbm-[ym-cmPyw Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n bph-cm-Pm-hmb
iocm-a≥ c≠p-h´w Nn¥n-°msX h\sØ cmP-[m-\n-bmbn kzoI-cn-
°p-Ibpw AhnsS kpJ-ambn Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-∂p. At∏m-
gmWv amco-Ns\∂ s]m∑ms\ ]nSn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ koXm-tZhn BK-
ln-®p-sIm≠v \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-Xv. CtXmsS iocm-as‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬
Ipg-∏-ßfpsS Nße krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. koXsb th¿]n-cn-tb-≠nbpw
h-∂p. koX-bpsS Cu Aan-Xm-i-bmWv Ah-cpsS Zmº-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬
D≠mb AI¬®-bp-sSbpw henb IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw F√mw sNdnb
Bcw-`w.
kzm¿∞-X, Al¥ F∂n-h-bpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ]gbskan-\mcn
Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw ]nSn-s®-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw ""apS-°n-b-tijw saXm-t∏m-
eo-Ømsb'' Cd-°n-hn-S-W-sa∂pw Nne¿°v AXn-tamlw D≠mb-XmWv
Ipg-∏-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw BZy- Im-cWw. skan-\mcn ssIh-i-am-°m\pw
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]Sn-bn-d°n kt¥m-jn-°m\pw BtLm-jn-
°m\pw BK-ln® Nne¿ HSp-hn¬ sIme-t°kv ]Xn-I-fmbn. Ah¿
ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw IjvS-X-I-fp-sSbpw im]-Øn-s‚bpw Ccp≠ Xmgvh-
c-I-fn-eqsS IS∂v IÆp-\o¿ XS-mI-Øn¬ HgpIn FØp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
11B\-∏m∏n
B\-∏m-∏n, tIm´-b-tØ°v B\-bn-°-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bm-b-Xpw, At±lw
k`m-`m-kp-c\p th≠n acWw hcn-t°-≠n -h-∂Xpw saXm-t∏m-eoØm
Zo¿L-Im-ew, hyY-Nn-¥-tbmsS h[-`o-j-Wn-bpsS \ng¬- -ho-inb ˛
F√m-‰n-s‚bpw \ni-_vZ-km-£n-bmbn \n-e-bv°mØ \Zo-am-Xr-I-Øn¬
X]vX-lr-Z-b-\mbn Ign-™Xpw, F√mw Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ lrZ-
b-th-Z-\-tbm-SpIqSn amXta k`m-kvt\-ln-Iƒ°v ImWm-\m-hq. Zim-
_vZ-߃ ]n∂n´ k`-bnse Ie-l-tIm-em-l-e-ß-fpsS hnlz-e-
e£yhpw kXy-k-‘-amb hkvXp-X-Ifpw icn-bv°-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v
Ign™ c≠p Zi-I-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ R߃ ]c-am-h[n ]cn-i-an-®n-´p-
≠v. KŸ-c-N-\-bv°p-th≠n H -[nIw tcJ-Ifpw a‰pw t\csØ \¬In-
b-tijw A°c IS∂ ]e am\y -hy-‡n-I-fp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ ]ap-J≥
A¥-cn® aW-en¬ Znhyio bmt°m_v IØ-\m-cm-Wv. ]tc-X-cmb
CkUv. Fw. ]mtd-´ns‚ AXp-ey-amb ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ F∂
k`m-N-cnX ]pkvX-I-߃, sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS Pohn-X-kva-
c-W-Iƒ, H. Fw. amXyp Hcph´n-Ø-d-bpsS ""B\-∏m∏n ]pcm-Ww'',
_Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ Kncn-Zo]w, kn. ‰n. tPmWns‚ A°c
IpSpw-_-N-cnXw, ]mtd´v amXyqkv IØ-\m-cpsS Ubdn F∂nh hfsc
hne-s∏´ tcJ-I-fm-Wv.
(]m∏n h[w kw_-‘n®v C∂v C¥ybn¬ k¿°p-te-j-\n¬ H∂mw
ÿm\Øv \nesIm≈p∂ ae-bmf at\m-ca 1912-˛¬ ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-
Ønb kXy-k-‘-amb dnt∏m¿´pw Nnt¥m-±o-]-I-amb apJ-]-kw-Khpw
AXyp-’m-l-tØmSpw AXn-ep-]cn kt¥m-j-tØmSpw ap≥ No^v
FUn-‰¿ sI. Fw. amXyp ]I¿Øn Fgp-Xn®p R߃°-b®p X∂p.
IqSmsX ]m∏n-sb-∏-‰n ]tbm-P-\-]-Z-amb Fs¥-¶nepw hnhcw Adn-
bm-hp-∂-h¿ C∂p-s≠-¶n¬ Ab®pXc-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-
≠p≈ Hcp IØv ae-bmf at\m-ca ap≥ No^v FUn-‰¿ sI. Fw.
amXyp-hn\v Rm≥ Ab®psImSp-Øp. ]Xm-[n-]¿°p≈ B IØv hcp-
∂-Xn\v aq∂p -Znhkw apºv 2000 Pqsse 22-˛\v i\n-bmgvN Rm≥ aZm-
kn-ep≈ AUz. ]n. kn. Ipcys‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ h®v A]-Xo-£n-X-
ambn amØp-°p-´n-®m-bs\ I≠-t∏mƒ Cu IØns‚ Imcyw A\p-
kva-cn∏n-®p. ""]m∏nsb icn-°-dn-bm-hp-∂-h-sc√mw Ct∏mƒ kz¿§-
Ønepw \c-I-Øn-ep-am-sW-∂tX'' amØp-°p-´n-®m-b≥ ]Xn-h-Nn-®-Xv.
]m∏n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ bYm¿∞ hnh-c-߃ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ At\z-jW
]cy-S-\-Øn-\-nS-bn¬, No^v FUn-‰¿ ]d™ Imcyw XnI®pw kXy-
k-‘hpw A\z¿∞-hp-am-sW∂v IqSp-X¬ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp
(ss_]mkv ikvX-In-bbv°v hnt[-b-\mbn Xs‚ tPyjvT ktlm-Z-
c\pw AUzt°-‰p-amb ]n. kn. Ipcys‚ aZm-knse hk-Xn-bn¬ hni-
12 B\-∏m∏n
an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ kap-Zmb SÃn ]n. kn. G_-lm-ans\ ImWm-\mWv
_mw•q-cn¬ \n∂v ap≥ ]-cn-]m-Sn-b-\p-k-cn®v aZmkv hgn tIm -b-tØ°v
hcp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ m. tPm¨ tXm-a-kn¬ \n∂p hnh-c-a-dn™p Rm≥
]n. kn. Ipcys‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ FØn-bXv: sI. hn. amΩ≥)
k`m-N-cn-X-hn-j-b-Øn¬ AXoh Xev]-c\pw at\m-ca FUn-t‰m-
dn-b¬ sse_-dn Akn-Âp-amb hdp-Kokv tPm¨ tXm´-∏p-g, k`m-
NcnX Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ D’m-lhpw Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-ap≈ tPmbvkv
tXm´-bv°mSv, ae-¶ck`-bpsS ]q¿∆-Ime Ncn-X-Øn¬ \√ Ah-Km-
l-ap≈ tP°_v tXmakv \Sp-hn-te-°c F∂nhtcm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSpw
\µnbpw ChnsS Ipdn-°-s´. k¿t∆m-]cn ]m∏n-bpsS Cf-b-]pXnbpw
A∂v sXmÆq-dp-Im-cn-bp-amb Ip´n-b-Ωsb 2000 Pqsse amk-Øn¬
Ihn-bq-cn-seØn kµ¿in-°m\pw Nne hne-s∏´ hnh-c-߃ e`n-°m\pw
CS-bm-bn. IqSmsX at\m-c-a-bnse ]Xm-[n-]¿°p≈ IØp I≠v Nne
am\y -hy‡n-Ifpw GXm\pw hnh-c-߃ Adn-bn® Imcyhpw \µn-
]q¿∆w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
B\∏m-∏n-sb-∏‰n C∂sØ k`mw-K-߃°v tI´p-tI-gvhn-I-fn¬
\n∂v e`n® Ahy-‡hpw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-hp-amb Nne Adn-hp-Iƒ
amX-ta-bp-≈p-sh∂pw X∂n-anØw At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn-Xhpw
A∂sØ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb k`m-N-cn-Xhpw a‰pw tN¿Øv Hcp
]pkvXIw FXbpwthKw Cd-°-W-sa∂pw Rß-tfmSv 15 h¿jw apºv
Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn tZml-bn¬ tkh\w A\p-jvTn®
henb k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fmb tXmakv Ipcy\pw (]-\-b-ºm-e) a‰p Nne
am\y -kp-lr-Øp-°-fp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS hne-s∏´ \n¿t±-ihpw t]m’m-
l-\hpw C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ""B\-∏m∏n'' C∂pw shfn®w ImWp-
I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
k`m-kvt\lw IqSp-X¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw t]mPz-en-∏n-°p-
∂-Xn\pw h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ B\-∏m∏n D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v R߃
Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-Wv. k`m-N-cn-X-Øns‚ tIZm-c-amb ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-
bpsS \mep-sI- n-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw CS-\m-gn-bn-epw, aßm-sXm-gp-Ip∂
ao\-®n-em-dns‚ Ccp-I-c-I-fnepw Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-
fn¬ Ac-tß-dnb \mS-Io-bhpw ssIt∏-dn-b-Xp-amb cwK-ß-sf-∏‰n H´-
[nIw k`mw-K-߃°v th≠X Dƒ°mgvN e`n-°p-sa-∂p≈ ]Xo£
Xs∂ Rßsf l¿j-]p-f-In-X-cm-°p-∂p. ]X-am-kn-I-I-fnepw k`m-
N-cnX KŸ-ß-fnepw dn°m¿Up-I-fnepw ]g-a-°m-cpsS hmbvsamgn-I-
fnepw IqSn h∂n-´p≈ Ie¿∏n-√mØ A\n-tj-[y-amb hkvXp-X-I-
13B\-∏m∏n
fmWv Ncn-X-kXy-߃ sImcpØ Hcp ame -t]mse R߃ ChnsS
kam-l-cn®p ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Bsc-sb-¶nepw Bt£-]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m
sIm®m-°p-∂-Xnt\m R߃°v bmsXmcp Dt±-iy-hp-an-√. Rß-fpsS
e£y-hp-a-X-√; AXns‚ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂p-≈-XmWv Cu cN-\-bpsS
][m\ ]tXy-I-X. F∂n-cn-°nepw KX-Im-esØ NSp-e-amb kw`-h-
]-c-º-c-Iƒ _‘-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-I-fn-ep≈ Nne¿s°-¶nepw
Akp-J-I-c-amb Nne A\p-kva-c-W-߃°v hgn-h-bv°mw. ]t£ AXv
Ncn-X-Øn-s‚bpw \njv]-£-amb Ah-Xc-W-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-hm-cy-
amb Hcp ^ew F∂p amXw IW-°m-°n-bm¬ aXn-bm-hpw. kw`h
hnh-c-W-ßfpw tIknse samgn-Ifpw Ign™v HSp-hn¬ hn[n hcp-
tºmƒ Ipsd-sb√mw Bh¿Ø\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
ASp-Ø-Im-eØv Hcp cmjvSob ]m¿´n Bkq-XWw \SØn Sn.
]n. Nµ-ti-J-cs\ h[n®t∏mƒ ]Xn-Iƒ amX-a-√, h[-Øn\p t]cn-
∏n-®-hcpw ]Xn-I-sf-t∏mse in£ A\p-`-hn-°-Ø-°-hn[w \nb-a-t`Z-
KXn C∂p \S-∏n¬ hcpØn-bn-´p-≠v. Cu \nbaw t\csØ D≠m-bn-
cp∂p F¶n¬ B\-∏m∏n tIkn¬ Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-°m-cmb Izt´-j≥
kwLsØ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb tIm´bw ]am-Wn-Ifpw Pbn-en¬ InS∂p
Gsd \c-In®p acn®p aÆ-Sn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ae-¶c hdp-Ko-kns\ h[n-°m≥ Xriq¿°m-cmb Izt´-j≥ kwL-
Øn\p hoSpw, Imdpw, tNmdpw, ]Whpw \¬Inb ta¬∏-´-°m-c\pw
]e t\Xm-°-∑mcpw 15 h¿j-ambn kzX-¥-cmbn \S-°m-\m-hmsX Pbn-
e-gn-Iƒ FÆpambn-cp-∂p. kn._n.sF. Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ae-¶c hdp-
Kokv tIkns‚ At\z-jWw cmjvSobt]cn-X-amb XS-¶¬ ]md-
bn¬ X´nbpw ap´nbpw \n›-e-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bm-Wv.
Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ae-¶c hdp-Kokv h[w Bkq-XWw sNbvX-
hscbpw ]nSn-IqSn A¿l-amb in£ \¬I-W-sa-¶n¬ kn._n.sF.
h¿≤nX Xm¬]-cy-tØmsS DW¿∂p ]h¿Ønt® Xocq.
]m∏nbpw a‰pw tIm´-bØv hcm-\p-≠mb kml-N-cy-߃ A\p-hm-
N-I¿°v \¬Ip∂ Hcp KpW-]m-T-ap-≠v. ssZh-sØbpw ssZh-Øns‚
k`-tbbpw ]≈n-I-sfbpw ]pWy-Po-hnXw \bn-°p∂ A`n-jn-‡-∑m-
scbpw \nKqV e£y-]m-]vXn-°mbn Ah-tl-fn-°p-Ibpw sXm´p-I-fn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Xo°-fn-bm-sW∂v. Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mb
]m∏n-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰nbpw a‰pw hni-Z-ambn hnh-
cn-°pI F∂-X-√ Cu KŸ-c-N-\-bpsS apJy -e-£yw. AtX kabw
Hcp ]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ Ipcp-t£Xambn amdnb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬
14 B\-∏m∏n
]m∏n FØp-∂Xpw At±-l-Øns‚ Ipcp-Xn-sb-Øp-S¿∂v ae-¶-c-k-`m-
N-cnX Xcw-KnWn c‡mw-_cw AWn™p e÷m-h-Xn-bmbn hgn amdn
Hgp-Ip-∂Xpw H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°nb B sIme-t°-nse sXfn-hp-Iƒ
]W-Øn-s‚bpw kzm[o-\-Øns‚bpw mcw aqew apßp-∂Xpw HSp-hn¬
[\-Øns‚ ]nc-an-Un¬ Nmcn-\n-∂-h¿ ]nc-anUpw \n]-Xn®p \ncm-i-
cmbn \new]cn-im-Ip-∂Xpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ \nµ
[cn®pw ]pX-∏p-t]mse e÷ ]pX®pw IS∂pt]mIp-∂Xpw Nne¿ Zpc-
¥-ßfpsS A¥-an-√mØ Bg-ß-fn¬ Xmgp-∂Xpw t]¿Øpw t]¿Øpw
Nn¥m¿l-am-I-bm¬ \ap°v Ipd-®p-t\cw ]m∏n-tbm-sSm∏w k©-cn-
°mw. BcmWv Cu B\∏m∏n F∂v BZy-ambn I≠p a\-n-em-°mw.
hcq Rß-fpsS IqsS. As√-¶n¬ ]m∏n Z¿i\w Ipcp-S-∑m¿ B\sb
`mKn-I-ambn I≠-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ipw.
hgn -sX-‰n-bn-s√∂pw t\¿]m-X-bn-em-sW∂pw R߃ Be- hn´v
]pd-Øp-t]mbn ImSp Ib-dn-´n-s√∂pw apJy-amb AP-]m-e-\-tPm-en-
bn¬ Zim-_vZ-ß-fmbn hSnbpw ASnbpw IqSmsX amXr-Im-]-c-ambn
Ip™m-Sp-Isf \bn-°p∂ sshZnI ]ap-J≥ dh. tUm. tPmk^v
Nocs‚ AKm-[- k-`m-N-cnX hn⁄m\ k¥-Xn -Iq-Sn-bmb Ah-Xm-cn-
I-bn¬ A`n-]m-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXns\ IÆ-©n-°p-∂ ˛
I\I-Im\\Im¥n sNmcn-bp-∂- ˛ -Xr-iq-cnse ]Ø-c-am-‰p≈ IWvTm-
`-c-W-sØ-t∏mse R߃ IW-°m-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w kam-cm-
[y-\mb Cu CS-b-ti-jvTs‚ apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn-ep≈ ""Cu KŸm-
h-X-cW IqZm-i-bn¬'' \a-in-c-kvI-cmbn \n∂v A`n-am\w sIm≈p-
Ibpw Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ hncn™ IrX-⁄-X-bpsS arZp-e-at\m-
l-c-amb CfwXfn-cp-Ifpw hmSm-a-e-cp-Ifpw A¿®-\m-`m-h-tØmsS
A®\v ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wv.
Hcp \q‰m≠p apºv k`bpsS t\Xr-ÿm-\Øv th≠X A¿l-X-
bn-√msX IS∂pIb-dn-h-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXnIƒ aqew k`-bv°p-≠mb
tIm -߃ a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu hc-samgn hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bm¬ e£yw
t\Sn F∂p≈ kwXr]vXn Rß-fp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. AXn-ep-]-cn-bmb
Hcp ]Xn-^ew, hm\-]ÿw IS∂v k\ym-k-Øn-te°v \otß≠
]mb-Øn¬ FØn\n¬°p∂ R߃ ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-an-√.
AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp]pen-t°m-´n¬, Ip∂w-Ipfw
sI. hn. amΩ≥tIm´-bv°¬, amßm\w
tIm´bw ˛ 18
12-˛04-˛2015
15B\-∏m∏n
ae-¶c k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse
tNmc-]p-c≠ A[ymbw
^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥
tIm´bw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS inem-ÿm-]\w \S∂ 1814- s^-
_p-hcn 15-˛\p ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse B[p-\nI
L´w Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. H∂c \q‰m-t≠mfw ]_-e-am-bn-cp∂ ]I-tem-
a‰w saXm-∑m-cpsS IpSpw-_-hmgvN At∏m-tg°pw AkvX-an-°m-dm-bn-
cp-∂p. F´mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS A¥y-\m-fpIfpw 9˛mw am¿tØm-Ωm-
bpsS \n»-_vZ-km-∂n-[yhpw Hc-kvX-a\ ]Xo-Xn-bmWv ae-¶ck`m-
N-cn-X-Øn¬ DW¿Øp-∂-Xv. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw
AXns‚ cmP-inev]n C´q∏v dºm\pw (]n-ev°m-eØv ]pen-t°m-´n¬
am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv butk^v H∂m-a≥ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm)
Hcp kqtcym-Z-bsØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p. saXm-∑m-cpsS IpSpw_
]mc-º-cym-[n-]Xyw \ndp-Ø-em-°n-bXpw hntZ-i-t°m-bva-tbm-Sp≈
Bflob hnt[-b-Xz-Øn\v (eu-InI hnt[-bXzw Hcn-°¬t]mepw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-´n-√t√m) Adp-Xn -h-cp-Øn-bXpw B¿Øm-‰v, I≠-\mSv ]Sn-tbm-
e-I-fn-eqsS Hcp ]pXnb `c-W-ssi-enbpw k`m-kw-kv°m-chpw k`-
bn¬ kwI-an-∏n-®Xpw sshZnI ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\pw Cw•ojv `mjm-
`yk-\-Øn\pw BZy-th-Zn-Iƒ k÷o-I-cn-®Xpw ae-¶ck`-bnse
BZysØ s]mXp ÿm]-\-ambpw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS
HutZym-KnI Bÿm-\-ambpw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cnsb hn`m-h\w sNbvXp
]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-bXpw inYn-e-am-bn-°n-S-∂n-cp∂ CS-h-I-Isf kpi-
‡hpw Bkq-Xn-Xhpw Bb Hcp tIµo-IrX `cWkwhn-[m-\-Øn-
te°p LSn-∏n-®Xpw ]pcp-j-tNX-\-bp≈ Hcp kwIa]pcp-j-s‚bpw
hnπ-h-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp kap-Zm-bm-Nm-cy-s‚bpw ]hm-N-I-mflm-hp≈
Hcp Im¥-Z¿in-bp-sSbpw NnX-amWv \ap°p kΩm-\n-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-
f-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cnI \thm-∞m-\sØ k^-e-ambn kzm[o-\n®
ae-bmfw ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ^oen-t∏mkv dºm\pw skan-
\m-cn -ÿm-]-I\pw hln® ]¶v B kqtcym-Z-bsØ ]cn-]p-jvS-am-°n.
F∂m¬ ]n≥Km-an-I-fpsS Z¿i\ ZmcnZyw ae-¶-c-k- sb ]pd-tIm´p
hen-®n-g-bv°p∂ Zriy-amWv ]n∂oSv ]e-t∏mgpw \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. ]g-
b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v ae-¶c saXm\v Xmakw amt‰≠n h∂p.
skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]n≥kn-∏¬ ÿm\hpw A[ym-]-\hpw \S-Øn∏pw
ItaW Bwt•-b- [z-c-am-cn¬ sN∂p tNcm-\n-S-bm-bn. \ho-I-cW
16 B\-∏m∏n
kzm[o\w ae-¶ck`m- k-am-[m-\-Øn\v h≥ `o-j-Wn-bm-bn. amth-en-
°c kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ h®v (F.Un. 1836) Hcp k`m-hn-`-P-\-Øn\v AXv
Imc-W-am-bn. ]K-¤-a-Xn-bmb ]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØ-
m\m-tkymkv hntZ-iØp t]mbn Xncn-®p-h∂v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm
ÿm\-Øn\v Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-®-t∏mƒ (1842-˛¬) lkz-amb Hcn-
S-th-f-°p-tijw hntZ-i-ta¬t°m-bva-bpsS \ocm-fn-∏n-SpØw ho≠pw
Acßp XI¿Øp. 1873˛¬ BZyw ]cp-a-e -h®pw 1876-˛¬ apf-¥p-cp-
Øn-bn¬ h®pw tN¿∂ ]≈n]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ h®v "saXm-
∑m-cpsS GI-\m-b-IXz' Øn\v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw aq∂v Iq´p- S-
Ãn-Iƒ, amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n, kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-
j≥ (tI-c-f-Ønse H∂m-asØ kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\- 1873) F∂o
]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-]m-Z-Øn¬ ]pen-t°m-
´n¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv tPmk^v ZznXo-b≥, lnc-Wym-£-∑m¿ Nhn-
´n-Øm-gvØnb ae-¶ck`m qJ-fisØ ]mXm-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw s]m°n
Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX tcmam-©-Zm-b-I-amb hoc-I-Y-Iƒ k`m-N-cnX
hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v A]-cn-Nn-X-a-√. B `Ko-c-Ys‚ I¿Ω-ta-J-e-Iƒ
_lp-hn[w Bbn-cp-∂p. A®-Sn-im-e-Iƒ, ]X-am-kn-I-Iƒ, Ccp-\q-dn-
tesd ae-bmfw ]≈n-°q-S-߃, sshZnI skan-\m-cn-Iƒ (]-cp-ae,
tIm´bw Fw.Un., sh´n-°¬, Xg-°-c-˛-am-th-en-°-c), A®-Sn-®- B-cm-
[-\m-I-a-߃, Uk≥ IW-°n\v Bcm-[\meb-߃, sshZnI kwL-
S-\-, hnZym¿∞n kwL-S-\, kt≠-kvIqƒ ]ÿm\w, ae-¶c alm-
P\k`, PmssXIy ]ÿm\ kwcw-`-߃, hnPm-Xob anj≥, cmPym-
¥c anj≥, ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b¬, Bcm-[\m kmlnXyw amXr-`m-
j-bn¬- ˛ -A-ßs\ A\-¥-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn-ep≈ I¿Ω-ta-J-e-I-fn-emWv
At±lw GIm-¥-]-Yn-I-\mbn Ahn-i-a-hn-lmcw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-ØmWv Hcp At¥ymIym ]mXn-b¿°okv BZy-
ambn ae-¶-c-bn¬ Imep IpØp-∂Xv. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sbbpw
ae-¶-c-bnse `cWkwhn-[m-\-ß-sfbpw Iogvh-g-°-ß-sfbpw ewLn®v
`Zm-k\ hn`-P-\hpw saXm≥ hmgvNbpw GI-]-£o-b-ambn \S-Øn-
sb-¶nepw ]tXmkv XrXo-b\p ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ t\cnb hn≈-se-¶nepw
krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-√. ]pXnb saXm-∑m¿ Bdp- t]cpw ]mXn-
b¿°okv BKln®hn[w ae-¶-c-bn¬ At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-
kn\v Bflo-b-˛-eu-InI A[n-Imcw D≈-Xmbn cPn-tÿUv DS-ºSn
\¬In-sb-¶nepw ]pen-t°m-´n¬ saXm≥ (A-t±-l-am-bn-cp-∂t√m ae-
¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm) cPn-kvtSUv DS-º-Sn -°p-th-≠n-bp≈
A`y¿∞\Ifpw B⁄-Ifpw [oc-ambn \nc-kn-°pI Xs∂ sNbvXp
(Cu amXr-Isb A\p-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv ]n≥Km-an-bmb ae-¶c saXm≥
17B\-∏m∏n
h -t»-cn¬ saXm-®\pw sNbvX-Xv). ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ apS°pw im]-
h-N-\-ßfpw ]pen-t°m-´n¬ saXm-®≥ Ah-K-Wn-®p. Nne ]pØ≥
saXm∑m¿ a-e-¶c saXms\ hn´v ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ ]oXn-s∏-Sp-
Øp-hm≥ ian-®p-sh-¶nepw P\-ßfpw sshZn-Icpw saXm-®\pw XΩn-
ep≠mbn-cp∂ A`q-X-]q¿∆-amb sFIy-i-‡n-bpsS apºn¬ Ah-
sbms° \njv]- -am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-en-‰≥ SÃnbpw sshZn-
I-S-Ãnbpw Aflmb SÃnbpw XΩn¬ At -Zy-amb sshIm-cnI_‘w
\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.
ae-¶c saXms‚ IWvT-tIm-Sm-en-I-fm-Im≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Bdv
saXm-∑mcpw ANn-tcW ae-¶-c-sa-Xms‚ IWvTm-`-c-W-ambn amdp-I-
bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ae-¶c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw amt\-
PnwKv IΩn‰n d±m-°p-Ibpw A≤y£ÿm\Øv ae-¶c saXm-®s\
_ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v ]mXn-b¿°okv Fgp-Xnb Iev]-
\-Iƒ°v AsX-gp-Xnb IS-em-kns‚ hne-t]mepw ae-¶-c-bn¬ Bcpw
Iev]n-®n-√. ae-¶-c-k-`sb Hcp tImf-\n-bm-°m-\p≈ ]mXn-b¿°m
kz]v\w hn^-e-am-bn. \b-tIm-hn-Z\pw A\p-c-RvP-\-I-e-bpsS am¥n-
I\pw ]m¿∞-\m-a-√\pw Bb ae-¶-c-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sb -˛ -Zm-ho-
Zns\- ˛ -kv]¿in-°p-hm≥ t]mepw At¥ym-Jy≥ tKmen-bm-Øn\v Ign-
™n-√. At±-l-Øns‚ If-¶-te-i-ta-imØ P\-k-Ω-Xnbpw P\-]n-
¥p-Wbpw A\-\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. tdmb¬t°m-SXn hn[n 1889-˛¬ ]Jym-
]n-°-s∏-´-tXmsS ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ tImf\n `mh-\-Iƒ \nt»jw
s]men-™p-t]m-bn. Bflob tae-[y-£-X -t]mepw aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-
bnepw saXm≥ hmgvN-bnepw ]cn-an-X-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. \ho-I-c-W-°m¿
\ho-\-ambn cq]wsImSpØ hymP- Im-t\m≥ (a-e-¶-c-°m-t\m≥:
CXns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w GXm\pw h¿jw apºv _lp. BØp-¶¬ Koh-
dp-Kokv tImsd-∏n-kvt°m∏m N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ Jfi»: ]kn-≤o-
I-cn-®n-cp-∂p), hymP-I-Y-Iƒ Ch-sbms° tdmb¬t°m-S-Xn-hn-[n-tbmsS
A]-k-‡-ß-fmbn. ]pen-t°m- n¬ saXm-®s‚ Iymºnepw Nne s]mSn-
ss°-Iƒ D≠m-hm-Xn-cp-∂n-√ (ap-f-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Xocp-
am-\-߃ ]mNo\ kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fnse Xocp-am-\-ß-sf∂p hcp-Øp-
hm≥ Ah Imt\m-\n¬ …o_m- si-Ωm-is‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬- ˛ -]n-
∂oSv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv- ˛ -Iq-´n-t®¿Øv ]g°w tXm∂n-°m≥
Im∏n kØn¬ Xnf-∏n-®Xv Hm¿°p-I. Cu Imt\m≥ BWv ]nev°m-
eØv 18 A°w Imt\m≥ F∂v Adn-b-s∏-´Xv F∂v ]e ip≤m-flm-
°fpw [cn-®n- p-≈Xv icn-b√. 1912- se ImtXm-en°m hmgvN°p tijw
FÆ-a‰ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcpØn hnIr-X-am-°nb Imt\m≥ BWv 18
18 B\-∏m∏n
A°w Imt\m≥. hnIr-X-am-°m≥ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øv d^v
h¿°p-Iƒ \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-≈n-bnse Hcp IØ-\m-cpsS ssI∏-S-bn-
ep≈ Imt\m≥ kpdn-bm\n ssIsb-gpØv ]pkvX-Iw, s]≥kn¬
sIm≠v Fgp-Xnb AkwJyw Xncp-Ø-ep-I-tfmsS Cu teJ-I≥
kq£n-°p-∂p-≠v. 18 A°w Imt\m\pw tdmb¬ tImSXn hn[n-bn-e-h-
km-\n® tIkn¬ lmP-cm-°-s∏´ Imt\m\pw AXy¥w hyXy-kvX-
ß-fm-sW∂pw 100 iX-am-\hpw hyP-amb ae-¶-c-°m-t\ms\ t\cn-Sp-
hm≥ th≠n apf-¥p-cpØn-°m-t\m-\-mIsf ]mNo-\ -Im-t\m-\m-I-sf∂v
sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-amb ]amZw amXta Im∏n-°m-t\ms‚
krjvSn-bn-ep≈p F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w.)
]pen-t°m- n¬ saXm-®s‚ kuayhpw a[p-tcm-Zm-chpw kvt\l-akr-
Whpw P\m-[n-]Xy ssien-bn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw X∑qew kpXm-cy-hp-amb
\b-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw kao-]-\-ßfpw Bcnepw aXn-∏p-f-hm-°n-bn-
cp∂p. ]me-°p-∂Øv henb saXm-®-s‚bpw bqbm°ow Iqdn-temkv
saXm-®-s‚bpw PqWn-b¿ Bb ImeØpw ]n∂oSv ae-¶c saXm≥
]Z-hn-bpsS ssIh-im-h-Im-i-߃ e`n-®-t∏mgpw HSp-hn¬ Bdp saXm-
∑m-cpsS ta¬ I¿Ø-hy-ap≈ AP-]m-e\ ipiqj \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmgpw
F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsS Xe-°-\hpw D∑m-Zhpw el-cnbpw At±-lsØ
sXm´p-Xo-≠n-bn-cp-∂n-√. kpXm-cy-amb B alm-a-\-ns‚ anSn-∏n-s\mØv
ae-¶-c-k-` -ap-gp-h\pw ]Xn-kv]-µn-®p. AJne ae-¶c k`m-X-e-Øn¬
At±-l-Øns‚ ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen BtLm-jn-®-t∏mƒ
\¬Inb awKf]X-Øn¬ Cu Imcy-ß-sf√mw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmbn NmØp-cp-Øn-bnse Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\msc
Is≠-Øp-Ibpw At±-l-Øn\v k\ymkw \¬In sh´n-°¬ Zb-dm-
bn-te°p \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ as‰mcp IpXn-®p-Nm-´-Øn\v
ae-¶-c-sa-Xm≥ k`sb Hcp-°p-Ibmbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚
B BKlw amXw \nd-th-dn-bn-√. henb saXm-®≥ Pohn-®n-cns°
]cp-ae sIm®p-sa-Xm≥ 1902- ¬ Znhw-K-X-\m-bn. ]n∂oSv ]n≥Km-an-bmbn
At±lw Is≠-Øn-bXv AKm[ _p≤n-am\pw BZ¿i-[o-c\pw XymKm-
flm-hp-amb h´-t»-cn¬ aev]m-s\-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øn\pw henb saXm-
®≥ Xs∂ k\ymkw \¬In.
]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv aptJ\ D≠mb
Hcp Npgn-bn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏´ ae-¶ck`sb kam-[m\ Xpd-ap-J-
tØ°v \bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Akm-am\y hnPbw I≠ ap≥Km-ansb ]n≥Xp-
S¿∂v h -t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv cwK-sØ-Øn. A]m-
c-amb _p≤-nssh-`-hw, AKm-[-amb thZ-]m-finXyw, Akm-am-\y-amb
19B\-∏m∏n
Imt\m≥ sshZ-Kv≤yw, A\ym-Zr-i-amb XXz-Zo£ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n
hnti-j-W-߃ At±-lsØ kw_-‘n®v AXn-i-tbm-‡n-te-i-sat\y
hnti-jn-∏n-°m-\m-hpw. \b-⁄\pw \oXn-am\pw Bb Hcp ap≥Km-an-
bpsS ]p©n-cn-bpsS kuayhpw ]k-∂-hp-amb apJw GXm\pw
Zim_vZw I≠p ]cn-N-bn® ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v Aev]w ]cp-°\pw Kuc-
h-]-Ir-Xn-bp-amb Hcp taev]-´-°m-cs‚ "\mfn-tI-c-]mIw' s]s´∂v
Bkz-Zn-°m-\m-hmsX t]mb-Xn¬ Bscbpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-\n-√.
Aflmb SÃn°pw sshZnI SÃn°pw k`m-`-c-W-Øn¬ Xpey-]-¶m-
fnØw A\p-h-Zn® Hcp ap≥Km-ansb I≠v ioen® k`m-S-Ãn-Iƒ°v
k`m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ taev]-´-°m¿°v Ft∏mgpw ap≥ssI thW-sa∂v
hmZn®pt]m∂ sIm®psaXm-®s‚ \ne-]m-Sn-t\mSv hntbm-Pn-t°≠n
h∂-Xnepw Akz-`m-hn-IXsbm∂p-an-√ (a-e-¶c saXms‚ ZrV-amb
Cu \ne-]mSp aqew 1934- ¬ At±lw \ncym-X-\m-Ip∂Xph-scbpw k`m-
`-c-W-L-S\ \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-™n-s√∂v ]mtd´v
amXyqkv IØ-\m-cpsS ]n-ev-°m-eØv amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv
˛ U-b-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb CUv.
Fw. ]mtd v \nco-£n-®n- p-≈Xv ChnsS kvacn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv). sshZnI
SÃn tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m≥ IØ-\m¿, Aflmb SÃn kn. sP.
Ipcy-≥ F∂n-h-cpsS Akw-Xr-]vXnbpw 1909-˛¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Ønb
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s‚ Zhym-K-lhpw A[n-Imctamlhpw
ae-bm-fn-bpsS A]-I¿j-Xm-t_m-[hpw Hs° IqSn-tN¿∂-t∏mƒ ae-
¶-c-k-`-bn¬ Hcp Ipcp-t£Xw cq]wsIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p `mK-
ß-fmbn A£u-ln-Wn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-´p. CS-h-I-I-fpsS [pho-I-c-W-hp-
ap-≠m-bn. ae-¶c k`-bpsS A`n-am-\-kvXw-`-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-c-sa-
Xm-s\bpw At±-l-Øns‚ Bÿm-\-amb tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-
tbbpw D∂w h®mWv F√m bp≤-ap-d-Ifpw Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv.
injy-k-º-Øn¬ hº-\mb tIm\m´p aev]m\pw `qkz-Øn¬ apº-
\mb A°c Ipcn-b\pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃnsb aq°p-I-b-dn´v
\nb-¥n-°p-hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ Icp-hm-°m-sat∂ Icp-Xn-bncn-
°p-hm-\n-S-bp-≈p. ]t£ ItaW F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ssII-fn¬ \n∂p
Imcy-߃ hgp-Xn-t∏m-bn. k`m ]Xn-k‘n _o`’cq]w ssIs°m-
≈p-∂Xv \n-lm-b-cmbn t\m°n\nev°p-hmt\ F√m-h¿°pw Ign-™p-
≈p. AXns‚ ]cn-k-am-]vXnbpw ss¢amIvkpw \mw ImWp-∂Xv B\-
∏m∏n h[-Øn-em-Wv. B "IpcpXn'tbmsS ]ncn-ap-dp°w H∂-b-™p.
]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-Øn\v Hcp c‡-km£n ]cn-thjw ssIh-∂n-´p-≠v.
c‡-km-£n-Isf BZ-cn-°p∂ ae-¶ck` kz¥w aÆn¬ tNmc -No-
¥nb hoc-km£n-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-sX¥p sIm≠m-sW∂v Adn-
20 B\-∏m∏n
™p -Iq-Sm. ]. HutK≥ _m-hm-bpsS ta¬ \S∂ ]ndhw a¿±\w
ASpØ ImetØ ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bp-≈p. Nm´p-Ip-f-ß-sc-bp≈ (]-
g-b- ]m-eq¿) hr£-inJ-c-ß-fn¬ 1879-˛¬ hnizmk kwc-£-WsØ
]Xn Xq°ns°m√-s∏´ c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS ZmcpW NcnXw
^m≥knkv _p°m-\s‚ k©m-c-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂v (_p-°m\s‚ tIc-
fw) ae-¶ck`m Ncn-X-Øn-te°p C\nbpw kwI-an-®n-´n-√. \ΩpsS
k`m-N-cn-X-K-th-jW cwKsØ A\m-Ym-hÿ AX `oI-c-am-Wv.
Aß-s\-bn-cn-t°, D¬IrjvS ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS A\n-
hm-cy-amb h[w Fs´m-ºXv Zim-_vZ-߃°p -ti-j-sa-¶nepw kq£va-
amb At\z-j-W-߃°pw Kth-j-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-am-b-Xn¬ \mw
kt¥m-jn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Fs¥¥v ]mT-ß-fmWv B h[w Ncn-
X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ tImdn-bn- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv!! Zmcp-W-amb B sIme-]m-XIw
]n¬°m-e- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn\v Hcp ]mThpw \¬In-bn-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw.
A¶-am-en-bnse Imdp- I-Øn-°epw Hm\≥Ip™p -h-[hpw aqhm-‰p-]p-
g-bnse Ac-a-\-°-tø‰ iahpw Bephm ^≠vjn∏v lukv Itø-
‰hpw AXmWv sXfn-bn-®-Xv F∂ Cu KŸ-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-ج
KŸ-Im-c-∑m-cpsS a¿Ω-⁄-Xsb DZm-l-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hcp \q‰m-≠p
apgp-h≥ hyh-lm-c-®-ß-e-bn¬ ae-¶-c-k- sb Xf-®n´ Zp¿`qXw ]pXnb
\q‰m-≠nepw \sΩ th´-bm-Sp-I-bt√? AI¿Ω-Wy-X-tbbpw `mh-\m-
iq-\y-X-tbbpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ hyh-lm-csØ \mw A`bw ]m]n-
°p-I-bmtWm?
CØcw Nn¥-Iƒ kar-≤-ambn Db¿Øp∂ Hcp cN-\-bmWv ChnsS
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ ""B\-∏m∏n.''. k`bv°p th≠n hnb¿∏pw
c‡hpw Hgp°nb XymK-[-\-cpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Db¿∂v h∂n-
´p≈ knwlm-k-\-߃ B XymK-I-Y-Isf hnkva-cn-°p-Ibpw Nne-
t∏mƒ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ "IrX-Lv\-tX, \ns‚ t]¿
ae-¶-c-k-`-sb-∂mtWm?' F∂v Bsc-¶nepw tNmZn-®m¬ A¤p-X-s∏-
Sm-\n-√. "B\-∏m∏n' B tNmZyw kar-≤-ambn D∂-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-
^-e-sam∂pw Bin-°m-sX, Znhy-amb Akzm-ÿy-ßfpw t]dn, k`m-
tk-h-\-Øn-s\Øn AIØp \n∂pw ]pdØp \n∂pw Zpc-\p-`-h-߃
\nc-¥cw G‰p-hmßn PohnX \mS-I-th-Zn-bn¬ \n∂pw \ne-bv°mØ
s\Sp-ho¿∏p-I-tfmSpw hnjm-Z-\n¿`-c-amb Akw-Xr-]vXn-I-tfmSpw IqSn
\n»-_vZ-am-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ At\-Isc "B\-∏m∏n' [z\n-a-cym-
Z-bn¬ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. X∑qew "B\-∏m∏n' Hcp `qX-Ime
Ncn-X-sa-∂-Xn-ep-]cn h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚ CXn-lm-k-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.
H∏w mhn-bn-te-°p≈ i‡-amb Nq≠p]e-I-bp-am-hp-∂p-≠v. AXmWv
21B\-∏m∏n
"B\-∏m∏n' bpsS ]p\-c-h-X-c-W-Øns‚ kuµcyhpw ]k-‡n-bp-
sa∂v Cu teJ-I≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. Imhy-mfl-I-ambpw Hs´ms° [z\n-a-
[p-c-ambpw Cu ]h-mN-I-IrXyw \n¿h-ln® AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp
]pe-nt°m-´nepw sI. hn. amΩ\pw Nn¥m-io-e-cmb hmb-\-°m-cpsS
A`n-\-µ-\-Øn\v A¿l-cm-Ip-∂p.
Kuc-h-hnlo-\-amb hnkvar-Xn-bn¬ ]Xn® Hcp ]pcm-hr-ØsØ
kPo-h-ambn ]p\-c-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ ]pe¿Ønb
PmK-Xbpw At\z-j-W-]-c-Xbpw \nco-£-Whpw h¿j-߃°p apºv
Bg-°-S-en¬ XmWpt]mb Hcp \uIsb Pe-∏-c-∏n-te-°p-b¿Øn-
s°m≠p hcp-hm≥ apßn-°-∏¬ hnZ-Kv≤¿ sNøp∂ Aim¥ ]cn-i-
a-sØ-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Znhy-amb Hcp ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-°p∂
\ntbm-K-`mhw Cu sNdp-K-ŸsØ DS-\ofw ]Zo-]vX-am-°p-∂p-≠v.
"B\-∏m∏n'bpsS -B-apJw Ign™p ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ BZy- `mKw
]m∏n F∂ h¿°n Bims‚ Poh-N-cnX hni-I-e-\-Øn\pw ae-¶-c-
k`m- N-cn-Xm-]-K-Y-\-Øn-\p-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp hy‡n-
tb-b√, Hcp Ime-L-´-Øns‚ ka-K-X-sb-bmWv \mw ChnsS ImWp-
∂-Xv. ""Hcp \q‰m-≠n\p apºv k`-bpsS t\Xr-ÿm-\Øv th≠X
A¿l-X-bn-√msX IS∂p Ib-dn-b-h-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ aqew k`-
bv°p-≠mb tIm´-߃ a\-n-em-°p-hm≥' (B-ap-Jw) KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿
sNbvX kZp-Zyaw X∑qew «mL-\obw Xs∂. 35-˛mw hb-n¬ h[n-
°-s∏´ ]m∏n- B-im≥ ˛ h¿°n h¿§o-kv- ˛ -]-ecpw sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn, A[ym-]-I- ]m-c-º-cy-ap≈ Hcp IpSpw-
_-Øn¬ \n∂pw saSn-°p-te-j≥ ]co£ Ign™v A[ym-]-I-hr-Øn-
bn¬ ]th-in® Hc-`ykvXhnZy≥ BsW∂v BZy A[ymbw \sΩ
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AsXmcp "shfn-s∏-Sp-ج' Xs∂-bmWv. "at\m-
ca'bpsS ka-Ime ]X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Imc-bv°¬ ]≈n-bpsS
iXm_vZn kph-\o-dn¬ \n∂pw (1967) B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-
tbm-kns‚ "Kncn-Zo]'-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]mtd-´ns‚ k`m-N-cnX ]mcm-hm-
c-Øn¬ \n∂pw aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m-cpsS kvac-W-I-fn¬
\n∂pw sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw
]pen-t°m-´n¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ZzoXo-b≥ Bcw-`n® CS-h-I-]-
Xn-I-bpsS ka-Ime dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰pw tiJ-cn® \nc-h[n
shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Cu KŸ-Øns‚ ]T-\o-b-Xbpw Ncn-X-aq-eyhpw
h¿≤n-∏n-®n- p-≠v. Hcp NcnXw hniz-k-\o-bhpw B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw BIp-
∂Xv AXns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ D]-Zm\ tcJ-I-fpsS
]mam-Wn-IX sIm≠pw ka-Im-eo-\X sIm≠pw BsW-¶n¬ A°m-
22 B\-∏m∏n
cy-Øn¬ "B\-∏m-∏n'-bpsS Fgp-Øp-Im¿°v hf-sc-tbsd A`n-am-\n-
°p-hm≥ hI-bp-≠v. 90 hb-mbn C∂pw (2000-˛¬) Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂
dmtl-e-Ω-bp-am-bp≈ (]m-∏n-bpsS aIƒ Ip´n-b-Ω-bpsS as‰mcp t]cm-
W-Xv) IqSn-°m-gvN-bn¬ \n∂p e`n® hnh-chpw Iq´n-t®¿ØmWv PohN-
cn-X-°p-dn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ]nXmhv acn-°p-tºmƒ aq∂p
amkw amXw ]mb-ap≈ dmtl-e-Ω-bpsS hnlz-e-X-Ifpw tI´-dn-hp-
Ifpw _mey-Im-esØ A\m-YXzw \nd™ Zpcn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßfpw ]m∏n-
bpsS IpSpw-_-tØmSv kaqlw ImWn® IrX-Lv\-X-tbbpw DZm-ko-
\hpw \ncpØ-c-hm-Z-]-c-hp-amb ]Xn-I-c-W-sØbpw hc®p Im´p-hm≥
B IqSn-°mgvN KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿°v IcpØv ]I¿∂n-´p-≠v. aq∂p apX¬
F´p- h-sc-bp≈ A[ym-b-߃ 1809 apX-ep≈ k`m-N-cnX hni-I-e-\-
am-Wv. h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-®s‚ ap≥Km-an-bn¬ \n∂v Bcw-`n-°p-∂ B
hni-Ie\w ImWp-I ""..... -D-S-ºSn (a-e-¶-c-bnse Bflob euInIm-
[n-Imcw At¥ym-Iy-m ]m-Xn-b¿°o-kn-\m-sW∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb cPn-
kvtSUv DS-º-Sn -˛ -te-J-I≥) Fgp-Xn-Ø-c-W-sa∂v ]tXmkv ]mXn-
b¿°okv ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv \n¿_-‘-ambn Bh-iy-s∏-
´p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-¥y-Øn\v lm\n-
I-c-am-Ip∂ AØcw Hcp DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn√.
... -]p-en-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn Ipsd DS-s°√mw D≠m-°n-b-ti-
j-amWv ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. ... -]-ckv]cw
kwkm-cn-°pI t]mepw sNømØ \ne-bn¬ Imcy-߃ sNs∂-Øn-
bncp-∂p. B hI-bn¬ Hcp sNdnb apS°pw ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-
\n°v ]mXn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂v In´n. ]t£ P\-ß-fp-tSbpw kl- sa-
Xm-∑m-cp-tSbpw ]oXnbpw hm’-eyhpw ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb _lp-am-\hpw
th≠X ]nSn®p]‰nb ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]tXmkv ]mXn-
b¿°o-kns‚ "apS°v' F∂ Hme-∏m-ºn\v H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-™n√''
(A[ymbw 4). ap≥Km-an-bn¬ \n∂v ]n≥Km-an-bn-te-°p-≈- Zqcw Af∂p
Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ KŸ-Im-c∑m¿ ChnsS ]I-S-am-°nb AXy-¥-
kq-£v-a-amb a¿Ω-⁄X ae-¶-c-k-`m-N-cn-X-Ønse ]e ]tl-fn-I-
Iƒ°pw ka-ky-Iƒ°pw DØcw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p∂
"Xmt°m¬' Bbn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. CØcw Xmt°m-epIƒ Is≠-
ØpI-bm-Wt√m DØa Kth-j-W-Øns‚ [¿Ωw.
-P-\-ln-X߃°v ap≥Xq°w Iev]n-°p∂ am¿ Iqdn-temkpw F∏n-
kvt°m-∏¬ `c-W-ssi-en°p ap≥Xq°w Iev]n-°p∂ am¿ Zoh-∂m-
tkymkpw XΩn¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ ioX-k-a-c-Øn¬ sshZn-IS-Ãnbpw
AflmbSÃnbpw am¿ Iqdn-tem-kn-s‚ -]-£-Øm-bn-cp-∂psh-∂Xv Hcp
cl-ky-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ -eu-In-Im-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-
23B\-∏m∏n
Xn\v Ah-kcw ]m¿Øv ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØp∂ Zhym-K-lnbpw ZpjvS-
_p-≤nbpw Ie-l-]n-b-\p-amb A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv ae-¶-c-
bnse aq∂p SÃn-am¿ XΩn-ep≈ A`n-]mbhyXymkw NqjWw
sNbvXv GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`m-KsØ ]n¥p-W-®m¬ ae-¶-c-k-`-bn-ep-
≠m-hp∂ hyh-lm-cm-·n-_m-[sb ap≥Iq-´n-°≠p sIm≠v hr≤\pw
tcmKn-bp-amb ap≥Kman c≠p saXm-∑m-tcbpw Hcp-an®p Iq´n sFIy-
]-Xn⁄ sNøn-°p∂ kw`hw hnIm-tcm-tZz-K-P-\-I-amb `mj-bn¬
KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p: ""... -am¿ A_vZp≈m h∂m¬ D≠m-
Im-\n-S-bp≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ Ahsc [cn-∏n-®p. F¥p h∂mepw Ccp-
hcpw Htc \ne-bn¬ H∂n®p Xs∂ \nev°-W-sa∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Imcyw a\-n-em-°nb sIm®p saXm-®-∑m¿ hey -sa-Xm-
®s‚ D]-tZiw inc-km-h-ln-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Dd∏p sImSpØp. AXv
Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]c-kv]cw Ben-wK\w sNøn-®p. Xs‚ k`-bp-
sSbpw kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw `mhn Ah-cpsS ssII-fn¬ kpc-£n-X-
am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p≈ ]Xo-£-tbmSp IqSn am¿ tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-
tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm 1084 anYp\w 28-˛\v (1909) Imew sNbvXp''
(A-[ymbw 4).
A©mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ io¿jIw ""skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ASn'' F∂-
Xm-Wv. henb saXm-®-t\mSv sNbvX ]Xn-⁄bpw D`-b-k-Ω-Xhpw
km£m-Xv°-cn-°p-hm≥ sIm®p-sa-Xm-®-∑m¿°v Ign-bmØhn[w Imcy-
߃ Ah-cpsS ]nSn-hn-´p- t]m-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ icn sX‰p-I-
sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®bv°v ]k-‡n-bn-√. sIm®p-sa-Xm-®-∑m¿ XΩn-
ep≈ AI¬® tIc-f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ as‰mcp "\q‰m≠p bp≤'Øn\v
hgn-a-cn-∂n-´p. Iq´p SÃn-I-fmb tIm\m´p aev]m\pw, kn.- sP. Ipcn-
b\pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ]n¥p-W-tbmsS Hcp `mKØp ]Xn-]-£-
ambn \ne-bp-d-∏n-®-t∏mƒ h -t»-cn¬ saXm-®≥, sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-
f, Fw. F. Nmt°m, C. sP. tPm¨ h°o¬ F∂o alm-c-Y-∑m-cpsS
]n¥p-W-tbmsS `c-W-]-£-ambn \ne-bp-d-∏n-®p. Cu Ipcp-t£-X-bp-
≤-Øn¬ "[¿Ωkwÿm]-\m¿∞-mb' F∂v Ccp-`m-Khpw Ah-Im-i-
s∏- p. lnwk-bpsS tIfo-cw-K-amb bp≤- q-an-bn¬ [¿Ω-Øn-s\¥v ]k-
‡n-sb∂v tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ t]mepw Nn¥n-®n-√.
`ojva-˛-tZm-W-˛-I¿Æm-Zn-Iƒ acn-t°≠n h∂Xv A[¿Ω ]c-º-c-
I-fn-eq-sS-bm-sW-∂Xv hymks‚ ZpxJw. ae-¶c saXms‚ AwK-c-£-
I-cn¬ ][m-\n-bmb ]m∏nsb h[n-°msX saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gb-
sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°n-hn-Smt\m A]-am-\n-°mt\m Ign-bp-am-bn-
cp-∂n-√. Imb-_-ew, bP-am-\- -‡n, Ic-fp-d∏v F∂n-h-bn¬ ]m∏n hfsc
24 B\-∏m∏n
apºn-em-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]m∏n h[w A\n-hm-cy-sa∂v ]Xn-]£w Xo¿®-
bm-°n. BtLm-j-ambn AXv Ac-tß-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]m∏n h[-
tØmsS tImem-l-e߃ Hs´m∂v X¬°m-e-tØ-s°-¶nepw AS-ßn-
b-Xmbn "Kncn-Zo]w' Imcy-ßsf Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. ]m∏n
h[-t°kpw A\-¥-c-Im-cy-ßfpw ipjvIm¥ntbmsS \S-Øp-∂-Xn¬
-b-P-am-\-]£w th≠X hnP-bn-®pthm? kwi-b-am-Wv (As√-¶nepw
tIkp-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-√msX AXn¬ PmKXbpw
ipjvIm-¥nbpw sNepØn hnPbw hcn-°-W-sa∂ ZrV-\n-›bw Npa-
X-e-°m¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw ImWm-dn-√-t√m. "Im´nse XSn tXh-cpsS
B\...' F∂ ]g-s©m-√n\v kvXpXn).
"tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-XIw' (dn-t∏m¿´v 1912 G]n¬ 3
_p[≥, at\m-c-a) F∂pw tIm´bw sIme-t°kv (ap-J-]-kw-Kw, at\m-
c-a) F∂pap≈ io¿jI-ß-fn-embn ]m∏n h[w kw_-‘n® ka-Ime
hm¿Ø-Iƒ 8, 9 A[y-mb-ß-fn-embn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈h kzbw
hni-Zo-I-c-W-£-a-am-Wv.
"]m∏n-'bpsS c≠mw `mKw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv ""]m∏n h[hpw tIkp-
hn-kvXm-chpw hn[nbpw in£bpw'' F∂ io¿j-I-tØm-sS-bm-Wv.
CXn¬ 7 A[ym-b-߃ D≠v. ]m∏n-bpsS h[w, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-
bpsS km£n-sam-gn, Fw. F. A®s‚ samgn, am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚
samgn, B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-bpsS samgn, PUvPvsa‚ v, B\-∏m∏n
Bim≥ kvamcIw F∂n-h-bmWv A[ymb io¿j-I-߃. hnh-cWw
kXy-k‘hpw B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw kºq¿Æ-hp-am-I-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-
ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Htc kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n ZrIvkm-£n- hn-h-cWw, ]X-
hm¿Ø-Iƒ, km£nsamgn-Iƒ, PUvPvsa‚ v, hnhn[ k`m-N-cn-X-K-
Ÿ-ß-fnse Ah-tem-I-\-߃ F∂nh D≤-cn®pw kwt£-]n®pw
tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]e hni-Zmw-i-ß-fnepw \nco-£-W-ß-fnepw
h∂n-´p≈ Bh¿Ø-\-߃ Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hm-Øh Xs∂.
"B\-∏m∏n Bim≥ kvamcIw' F∂ A[ymbw tP°_v tXmakv
\Sp-hn-te-°c 1979 am¿®v 29-˛\v N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn®
teJ-\-am-Wv. ]m∏n Bims‚ t]cn¬ D≠m-°m-hp∂ Nne kvamc-I-
ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ \n¿t±-i-ß-fmWv AXn-ep-≈-Xv. cmPm-°-∑m¿ t\XrXzw
\¬-Ip∂ bp≤- q-an-I-fn¬ acn®p hogp∂ ]S-Ø-e-h-∑msc Btcm¿°m-
\mWv? Ncn-X-Ønse \mb-I-∑m¿ cmPm-°-∑m¿ amX-amWv; hnP-bhpw
]cm-P-bhpw Ah-cp-tSXp amXw. Cu ^yqU¬ A‘X sImSn-IpØn
hmgp∂ ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ ]m∏n-am¿, Hm\≥Ip-™p-am¿ Ch-scms° apJ-
Omb \jvS-s∏´ shdpw t]mcm-fn-Iƒ!!
25B\-∏m∏n
Bh-iy-am-bn- p-≈Xv bp≤w Hgn-hm-°-em-Wv. bp≤-ap-≠m-bm¬ c≠p
`mKØpw ihw hogpw F∂Xv Xo¿®-bm-Wv. acn-®p-ho-gp-∂-h-cn¬ A]-
cm-[n-I-fpw, \nc-]-cm-[n-Ifpw D≠m-hpw. AsXm-c-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. bp≤w
sNbvXpw Bfp-Isf Ipcp-Xn- sIm-SpØpw \jvS-]-Xm-]-ßsf hos≠-
Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Ime-l-c-W-s∏´ ]`p-hw-im-[n-]Xy X¥-߃°v ]Icw
Imtem-Nn-X-ambn Ime-Øns‚ AXo-h -kv]-jvS-amb Nph-sc-gp-Øp-Iƒ
hmbn®v Inbm-fl-Ihpw `mh-\m-]q¿Æ-hp-amb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-
cn-°p-hm-\p≈ hnthIw apIƒ sXm´v ASn- hsc F√m Xe-ß-fnepw
D≠m-Ip-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. i‡n-bn-te°p kS- Ip-S-s™-gp-t∂-ev°p-
hm-\p≈ Du¿÷ kw -c-W-Øn\v ]›m-Ø-e-am-Ip-hm≥ "B\-]m∏n'°p
Ignbpw F∂-XmWv Cu KŸ-Øns‚ ImenI aqeyw. Cu Du¿÷-
tkm-X-ns\ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ae-¶-c-k- bv°p Ignbpw F∂
ZrV-hn-izm-k-am-sW-\n-°p-≈-Xv.
Ncn-Xm-t\z-jn-I-fp-sSbpw k`m-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tSbpw k`-bpsS mhn-
hn-[m-Xm-°-fp-tSbpw apºmsI Cu k`m-N-cn-X-Pzm-esb khn-\bw
]Im-in-∏n®psIm≈p-∂p.
sX°pw-I-c, Xriq¿
8˛12-˛2000
(1) ae-bmfw ss__nƒ NcnX ]›m-Ø-ew, dh. Sn. hn. tXma-kv,
ss__nƒ kvs]jy¬ ]Xn∏v, N¿®v ho°nen, sabv 29, 1983.
(2) ss__nƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS, ]n. Sn. Ipcp-hn-f, tIm´-bw.
(3) 1815 BKÃv 7˛\v tIW¬ a¨tdm Fgp-Xnb IØv: k`m-
NcnXw, ]n. sNdn-bm≥ (A-\p-_-‘w).
D≈-S°wBiwk ]. amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m 5
BapJw 7
ae-¶c k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse tNmc-]p-c≠ A[ymbw
^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥ 15
H∂mw
`mKw h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ ]m∏n
I IpSpw-_hpw _‘p-°fpw 28
II aW-en¬ A®s‚ IØv 34
III `ocp-Xzhpw NXnbpw 37
IV A∂sØ k`m¥-co£w 44
V skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ASn 56
VI h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\sc 66
VII ]m∏n-bpsS cwK-]-thiw 71
VIII tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-XIw 74
IX aebmf at\m-c-a-bpsS apJ-]-kwKw 76
X B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy Znhm-\-b® l¿Pn 80
c≠mw `mKw
]m∏n-h-[hpw tIkp-hn-kvXm-chpw: hn[nbpw in£bpw
I ]m-∏n-bpsS h[w 84
II h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS km£n-samgn 89
III Fw. F. A®s‚ samgn 99
IV am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ samgn 106
V B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-bpsS samgn 111
VI PUvPvsa‚ v 117
VII B\-∏m∏n Bim≥ kvamcIw 143
VIII kvamcIw tIm´-bØp thWw F. sI. tPmk-^v- 146
aq∂mw `mKw
_m°n-]Xw
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh 149
h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv 152
tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬]m≥ 156
…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv 165
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ 166
Ipcy≥ ssd´dpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw 179
28 B\-∏m∏n
I
IpSpw-_hpw _‘p-°fpw"B\-∏m∏n' F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bim≥ h¿°n
hdp-Ko-kv, Xncp-h-√-bv°-SpØv s]cn-ß-c-°-c-bn¬ Imc-bv°¬ sk‚ v
tPm¿Pv ]≈n-°-Sp-Øp≈ ]Wn-°cp ho´n¬ h¿°n Bim-s‚bpw Imc-
bv°¬ N°pwho´n¬ adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw GI ]pX-\m-sWt∂m, Hc-
[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂p Ft∂m t]cv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-hn[w BPm-\p-_m-lp-
hm-bn-cp∂p Ft∂m h[- o-jWn t\cn- p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ae-¶ck`m mkp-
c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
bpsS tZl-c-£bv°p th≠n Xncp-h-√-bnse kap-Zmb]am-Wn-Iƒ,
\ntbm-Kn® A`y-kvX-hn-Zy\pw k`m-kvt\-ln-bp-amb a√-\m-sWt∂m
C∂sØ Xe-ap-dbv°v \n›-b-an-s√-¶n¬ AXn\v Ahsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-
tØ≠ Imcy-an-√. ]m∏n-bpsS P\-\-Øo-bXn e`n-°m≥ ]e¿ ]e
XhW ]gb IS-em-p-Iƒ X∏n-t\m-°n-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw Ah¿ Bcpw-
Xs∂ B b⁄-Øn¬ hnP-bn-®n-√. F∂m¬ ]m∏n 35-˛mw hb-n¬
sIm√-h¿jw 1087 ao\w 10 (1912 am¿®v) sIm√-s∏´p F∂pw ]nt‰-
Znhkw Hcp Xn¶-fmgvN F∂p-ap≈ Imcy-Øn¬ B¿°pw Xs∂ X¿°-
an-√. AtX-k-abw ]m∏n-bpsS I√-d, skan-tØ-cn-bpsS GXp `mK-
Øm-sW∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m\pw Ign-™n-´n-√ (I-√d sI´msX aÆn¬
adhp sNbvXncn°m-\mWv km[y-X).
saSn-°p-te-j≥ hsc (C-∂sØ Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn.) ]Tn® ]m∏n
]nXm-hn-s\-t∏m-sebpw ]nXm-a-l-s\-t∏m-sebpw Hc≤ym]-I-\m-bn- mWv
PohnX tKmZm-bn¬ IS-∂-Xv. I√q∏m-d-bv°-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp Kh. F¬.]n.
kvIqfn-em-W-t±lw A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. kmam\yw t`Z-s∏´ \ne-
bn¬ kº-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]m∏n Bims‚ kmº-ØnI\ne-
sa-®-am-bn-cp-∂p. X∂n-anØw A∂sØ ]Xm-]-Øns‚ Hcp ]I-S\w
IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p Sn.73 ap≠m-bn-cp∂p At±lw [cn-®p-h-∂-Xv (apºv kº-
∂-cmb ]ecpw J´m-hns‚ sh◊-tb-dnb U_nƒ thjvSn [cn-®p-h-∂-
Xp-t]mse). ]m∏n°p Cc-´-®-¶m-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v ]ecpw ]d-™n-
cp-∂p. t]mÃvtam¿´-Øn¬ C°mcyw kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn \n¿Æ-bn-®p-
h-tX.
]m∏n-bpsS ktlm-Zcn A∂-Ωsb sNß∂q-cnse ]i-kvX-amb
C©-bv°-temSn IpSpw-_-Ønse sIm®p-Ip-™mWv hnhmlw
sNbvXXv. s]cn-ßc B‰p-]p-dØv IpSpw-_-Ønse A∂-Ω-sb-bmWv
29B\-∏m∏n
]m∏n hnhmlw sNbvX-Xv. `mcy-ho-´p-Im¿ B‰p-]pdw ÿew hn¬°m-
s\m-cp-ßn-b-t∏mƒ B ÿew a‰m¿°pw sImSp-°msX ]m∏n Bim≥
Imc-bv°se ÿew hn‰v B ÿew hmßn AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-I-
bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Aß-s\-bmWv s]cn-ß-c-bn¬ \n∂v B‰p-]p-d-Øp-
h-cp-∂Xpw B‰p-]p-dØv ]m∏n Bim-\m-Ip-∂-Xpw.
]m∏n°v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ FIvsskkv hIp-∏n¬
td©¿ DtZymKw \¬In-s°m-≠p≈ DØ-chp In´n-b-ti-j-amWv
k¿ho-kn¬ tNcmsX tIm´-b-tØ°p t]mb-sX∂pw Adn-bm≥ Ign-
™n-´p≠v. h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-
eo-Ømsb FXn¿ I£n-Iƒ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ tZmln-°p∂p F∂
hm¿Ø e`n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Xncp-h-√, \nc-Ww, amth-en-°c apX-
emb sX°≥ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]ecpw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ IpXn-
s®-Øp-Ibpw taen¬ iey-ap-≠m-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Nnesc AhnsS
Imh¬°m-cmbn \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncp-h-√-bn¬ \n∂v
\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p B\-∏m-∏n. At±-lsØ Ab-
®Xp Xm\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v sI. Fw. amΩ≥ am∏nf (sIm®p amΩ≥
h°o¬) h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ samgn sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ CXp
kw_‘n® Imcy-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-bXv tIc-f -Zo-\-_‘p F∂v
hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ sI. kn. Cu∏-\m-W-tX. ]m∏nsb tIm´-b-
tØ°v ]d-™p-hn-Sp-tºmƒ ]m∏n-bpsS Igp-Øn¬ Hcp Ikhp IhWn
sIm≠v s]m∂mS Np‰n A\p-tam-Zn-®Xpw sI. kn. amΩ≥am-∏n-f-bpsS
ktlm-Z-c-\mb sI. kn. Cu∏-\m-Wv.
apI-fn¬ ]d-™-h-sc√mw Xs∂ C°m-cy-Øn¬ kl-I-cn®p F∂p-
thWw Icp-Xm≥. ImcWw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dn-bm-
bn-cp∂ Znhyio aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ 5˛3-˛92-˛¬ AUz.
]n. kn. amXyp-hn\v Ab®psImSpØ Hcp IØn¬ ""skan-\m-cn-bn¬
FXn¿ I£n-Iƒ hg-°p-≠m-°nbpw Nne tIUn-I-fmb apl-Ω-Zo-b¿
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb NoØ ]d™pw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-
t∏mƒ Xncp-h√m ]am-Wn-Iƒ B\-∏m-∏nsb tZl-c-£bv°v sIm≠p-
h-∂-XmWv'' F∂v ]d-™n- p-≠v. apI-fn¬ ]d-™-h-sc√mw Xs∂ ""Xncp-
h√m ]am-Wn-Iƒ'' F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬
B¿°pw ktµ-l-hp-an-√-t√m.
]m∏n Bim-s\-∏-‰n Imc-bv°¬ sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv
]≈n-bpsS 1967- se iXm_vZn kph-\odn¬ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃ Cs√-
¶nepw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v:
30 B\-∏m∏n
""GsXmcp Ncn-X-hn-Zym¿∞nbpw i≤n-°p∂ Nne khn-ti-j-X-
Iƒ Cu ÿe-Øn-\p-≠v. Xncp-h-¶m-hn¬ sIm®q-™n-s‚bpw Bim≥
]m∏n-bp-sSbpw ]h¿Ø-\-cw-K-am-bn-cp∂ Cu ]tZ-iØv Hcp IØn-
°ptØm sIme-]m-X-I-tam, ]Sp-a-c-Wtam D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xmbn tI´p
tIƒhn -t]mep-an-√.''
"".... -B-ZysØ -h-´n-∏-W-t°kv Cu Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. kap-Zmbw
c≠p `mK-ambn ]nf¿∂p. DK-amb t]m¿ \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]gb
skan-\m-cn-tbbpw Xncp-ta-\n-am-cp-sS Poh-s\-Ø-s∂bpw kwc-£n-t°-
≠Xv kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Bb-Xn-te°v Hmtcm
CS-h-I-bp-sSbpw klmbw A`y¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Imc-bv°¬ CS-h-I-
bn¬ \n∂v Bim≥ ]m∏n F∂p hnfn®ph∂n-cp∂ B‰p-]p-dØp h¿°n
h¿°n, Xncp-h-¶m-hn¬ sIm®p-Ip-™v, Rm‰p-ho-´n¬ aØmbn F∂o
aq∂p- t]sc AXn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A]-Imcw
\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v Xs∂ G¬∏n® IrXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn-\n-
S-bn-emWv Bim≥ ]m∏n sIm√-s∏-´-Xv. k`m-ta-e-≤y-£-∑m-cpsS
Pohs\ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ hoc-N-caw ]m]n® Cu CS-h-I-
°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ Bim≥ ]m∏n-tbbpw a‰p-≈-h-scbpw CS-h-I-°m¿
IrX-⁄-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn kvacn-t°-≠-XmWv.''
]m∏n-bpsS sIme-]m-XIw \S-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-h-¶m-hn¬ sIm®p-
Ip™v H∏w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ (CXp kw_-‘n-®p≈ Inwh-Z-¥n-Iƒ
hnSp∂p). kao-]-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬ ÿnXn hn-`n-∂-am-Ip-am-bn-
cp∂p. s]cn-ßc kztZ-in-bm-bn-cp∂ At±lw ]n∂oSv a√-∏-≈n-°-Sp-
Øp≈ Ip∂-¥m-\Øp t]mbn Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw 40 -h¿jw apºv acn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂m-W-dn-bp-∂-Xv. Rm‰p-ho-´n¬ aØmbn kw`-h-
k-a-bØp ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-h-tX. ap∏-Øn-A©mw
hb-n¬ sIm√-s∏´ B\-∏m-∏n°v Hcp ]pX\pw aq∂v ]pXn-am-cp-am-
Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]pX≥ DÆn Hcp \√ ]¥p-I-fn-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ Ifn-°p-tºmƒ ]¥p- i-‡n-bmbn ico-c-Øn¬ h∂p hoWp
imco-cn-I-amb Ft¥m XI-cmdv kw`-hn®p. X∂n-anØw DÆn hnhmlw
Ign-®n-√.
s]¨a-°-fn¬ X¶-Ωsb tIm -bØv tIm -hm-Xp-°epw A∂-Ωsb
am∂m¿ a-‰Øpw (`¿Ømhv Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥ Ip™p-km¿) dmtl-e-
Ωsb (Ip-´n-b-Ω-) Ihn-bq-cp-amWv hnhmlw sNbvX-b®Xv. ]m∏n acn-
°p-tºmƒ DÆn°v HºXpw X¶-Ωbv°v Ggpw A∂-Ωbv°v A©p-
hbpw dmtl-e-Ωbv°v aq∂p am-khpw ]mb-am-bn-cp-∂p.
31B\-∏m∏n
2000-˛¬ \√ Btcm-Ky-ap-≈ -dm-tl-eΩ (90) amXta Poh-n®n-cp-
∂p≈p. `¿Ømhv Ihnbq¿ hmcy-ho-´n¬ hn. kn. sNdn-bm≥ ASp-Ø-
ImeØv \ncym-X-\m-bn. a°-fmb hn. kn. sNdn-bm-\pw, hn. kn. h¿-
°nbpw Ihn-bq-cn¬ Nne _nkn-\v kwcw-`-ß-fp-ambn \√ \ne-bn¬
Ign-bp-∂p.
kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂v th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ X߃°v klmbw e`n-
®n- n-s√∂pw h¿j-߃°p apºv ]cp-ae sN√p-tºmƒ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-
ta\n At©m ]tØm cq] Xcp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Ip´n-bΩ 2000
Pqsse amk-Øn¬ kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ ]d-™p.
X¶-Ω-bpsS `¿Ømhv Du´n-bn¬ tXm´w kq]-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX.
s]cp-\mSp _Y\n Bi-a-Ønse Hcp ]ap-Jmw-Khpw Rß-fpsS am\y-
kplrØpw k©m-c-ssh-ZnI kphn-ti-j-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Znhyio Ipdn-
bm-t°m-kv A®s\-gp-Xnb ""a[p-c-kva-c-W-Iƒ'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
A®≥ 1981-˛¬ Du´n-bn¬ h®v B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aIs\ I≠p F∂p
]d-™n-´p-≠v. tXm´w kq]-≠m-bn-cp∂ acp-a-I-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw A®≥
I≠-Xv.
B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aIs\ Du´n-bn¬ h®v A®≥ I≠-Xm-bp≈ ]cm-
a¿iw icn-bm-Im-\n-S-bn-s√∂v AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp Fgp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ
^m. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv H.sF.kn. 12-˛6-˛92-˛¬ s]-cp-\mSv _Y\n Bi-a-
Øn¬ \n∂v Ab® IØn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: ""F. Fkv. tUhn-
Uv, tImS-\mSv FtÉv, tIm´-Kn-cn, \oe-Kncn F∂ Bfn-s\-bmWv
1949˛¬ Rm≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xv. B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aI≥ F∂mWv Fs‚
Ipdn∏p ]pkvX-I-Øn¬. h°o¬ kmdn\p In´nb Adn-h-\p-k-cn®pw
Ime-Øns‚ IW-°p-Iq-´¬ A\p-k-cn®pw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aI-fpsS
aI-\m-Im-\mWp km[y-X.''
]m∏n-bpsS GI ]pX≥ DÆn 30 h¿jw apºv 70-˛mw hb-n¬
B‰p-]p-dØv `h-\-Øn¬ h®v A¥-cn-®p.
B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS ktlm-Z-co-]p-X-\mb F. hn. tPmWmWv DÆnsb
kpJ-an-√msX InS-∂-t∏mƒ acWw hsc ipiq-jn-®-Xv. DÆn-bpsS
Ime-tijw F. hn. tPmWpw IpSpw-_hpw B‰p-]p-dØv Xma-k-am°n.
]m∏n-bpsS ac-WsØ XpS¿∂v `mcybpsS sNe-hn\pw a°-fpsS
hnhmlØn\pw a‰pw klmbw \¬Ip-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®v h´-t»-cn¬
Xnc-pta\n 1919 \hw-_-dn¬ Hcp Iev]\ Ab®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Xncp-ta-\n-
bpsS skI-´dn aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ km£n-°p-∂p.
32 B\-∏m∏n
C°mcyw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Iev]\_p°nepw (Iev]-\-I-fpsS kwKlw
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn -hbv°p∂ ]pkvXIw) ]d-bp-∂p-s≠∂v AXv ]cn-tim-
[n® k`m-N-cnX Kth-j-I-\mb tPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSv Adn-bn-®p.
DÆnbn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v tI´n-´p-≈ Imcy-߃, F. hn. tPm¨ 1992-
s^-_p-h-cn-bn¬ ]d-™-XmWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv. hoSp- h®p
sImSp°mw, s]¨a-°sf sI´n-®-b-bv°mw Fs∂ms° k`m-t\-XrXzw
hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AsXm-∂pw ]men-°-s∏-´n-√. tIkv Hgn-hm-
°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Ipsd A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Hcp henb
XpI-bp-ambn kao-]n®p F¶nepw A`n-am-\n-Ifm-bn-cp∂ ]m∏n-bpsS
IpSpw-_-°m¿ ""c‡-Øns‚ hne'' \nc-kn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tIkp-
hn[n A\p-k-cn®v GtXm XpI In´n-sb∂pw k` \¬In-sb∂p ]d-
bp∂ klmbw ]t£ bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°√ e`n-®-sX∂pw
F. hn. tPm¨ ]d-™p. ]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-tØmSv Fw. F. A®\v
(_-Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) henb klm-\p-`qXn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
]m∏n-h[w kw_-‘n®v at\m-c-a-bn¬ h∂ dnt∏m¿´mWv icn-sb∂pw
tPm¨ Adn-bn-®p. ]Øp -h¿jw apºv hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°m≥ hdp-
Kokv tPm¨ tXm´-∏pg, Imc-bv°¬ ]≈n-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ
A∂sØ SÃn C. ]n. hdp-Kokpw ]mbw sN∂ GXm\pw hy‡n-
Ifpw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v klmbw \¬Ip-∂Xp kw_-
‘n® Imcyw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv doØn¬ tNcp-∂-Xn\p apºv h´-
t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv tNmZn® 18 tNmZy-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂-psh∂v
]d™phtX (K-Wy-amb Hcp XpI k`-bn¬ \n∂v A\p-h-Zn®p
F¶nepw AXv bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in°v e`n-®n-s√-∂p≈ hkvXpX
X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-√). F. hn. tPmWns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ sNdn-bm≥,
Xm≥ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aI-\m-sW∂v ]d™p ]Ww ssI∏‰n F∂
kwKXn icn-bm-sW-¶n¬ k`sb C°m-cy-Øn¬ Ip‰w ]d-bp-∂Xv
sX‰p -X-s∂-bm-Wv.
F. hn. tPmWns‚ Imc-bv°-ep≈ ktlm-Z-cnbpw Ipsd hnh-c-
߃ \¬In. Ch-bn¬ F. hn. tPmWn¬ \n∂v e`n® Imcy-ß-fmWv
Gsd B[n-Im-cnIw F∂p tXm∂p-∂p.
B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS ho´p-Im¿ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mw-K-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv aI≥ DÆn am¿tØmΩm k`-bn¬ tN¿∂p. DÆn-
bpsS arX-tZlw adhp sNbvXXpw am¿tØmΩm ]≈n skan-tØ-cn-
bn-emWv. Ime-I-a-Øn¬ B ho´n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h¿ s]¥-t°m-kvXn¬
tN¿∂p F∂mWv a\-n-em-°m≥ Ign-™-Xv.
33B\-∏m∏n
k`-bn¬ \n∂v kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbw sNøm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-sam-
∂p-an-√. AXv a°ƒ°-√msX a‰m¿°pw In´m\pw km[y-X-bn-√.
F∂m¬ Xß-fmWv klm-b-Øn-\¿l-sc∂v ]d™p IpSpw-_-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏´ a‰m-sc-¶nepw k`-bpsS kw`m-h\ kzoI-cn-®n-cn°mw F∂
hkvXp-Xbpw X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-√.
""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂ t]cv h¿°n Bim\v e`n-®Xv ]¥bw h®v
Hcm-\-bpsS hmen¬ c≠p -ssI -sIm≠v B™p-]n-Sn®v Nph-Sp-d-∏n®v
B\sb \ndp-Øn-b-Xn-s\- Xp-S¿∂m-sW∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. AX√
i‡-\mb B\-sb-t∏mse XSn® BImcw aqew e`n-®-Xm-sW∂pw
]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Hcn-°¬ B‰p-]p-dsØ Xs‚ hoSns‚ apºnse
tXmSn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp apXe tXm´-cn-In¬ Ce-Ifpw ]p√pw Xn∂p-
sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp BSns\ ]nSn®p hmbn-em-°n. BSns‚ Ic-®n¬ tI´
h¿°n Bim≥ Hcp Ib-dp-ambn tXm´n¬ NmSn apX-esb Ib-dp-
sIm≠v sI´n Icbv°v Ib-‰p-Ibpw BSns\ c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
I-bp-≠m-bn. CXn¬ \ns∂√mw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS IcpØpw Xt‚-Shpw
kphy-‡-am-W-t√m.
B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS c‡w sNmcn-™-h-cpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-bpsS taepw
C∂pw B c‡w Hcp im]-°-d-bmbn XpS-cp-∂p-s≠-∂p≈ Ncn-X-
kXyw Bbncw XhW ao\-®n-em-‰n¬ apßn-°p-fn-®mepw ambn®p If-
bm-\m-hn-√.
34 B\-∏m∏n
II
aW-en¬ A®s‚ IØvB\-∏m-∏nsb kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃°mbn AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp
1992-˛¬ aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿°v Ab® IØn\v A®≥
\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-bpsS ]q¿Æ-cq-]-amWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv. 1925
apX¬ ]Øp -h¿j-°mew h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dnbpw
kap-Zm-b-t°-kns‚ ap°m¬ iXm-_vZ-°m-esØ ][m\ \S-Øn-∏p-
°m-c\pw ]i-kvX\pw ]ap-J-\p-am-bn-cp∂ tijvT sshZn-I-\mWv
A¥-cn® aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿. A°m-esØ k`mNcnX
kw`-h-hn-Im-k-߃ ""aW-en¬ A®s‚ k`m kvac-W-Iƒ'' (tIm-´-
bv°¬ ]ªn-tj-gvkv, amßm-\w) F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hni-Z-ambn
]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.
ssa Unb¿ anÿ amXyp, Bº-√q¿
5˛3-˛1992
Fgp-Øp- In-´n. B\-∏m-∏n-sb-°p-dn®v Rm≥ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv
]tXyIw H∂pw tNmZn-®-dn-™n-´n-√. F∂m¬ B ImesØ Bfp-I-
fn¬ \n∂p Nne-sX√mw Adn-™n-´p-≈Xv Ipd-n°mw. ]m∏n Xncp-h-√m-
bv°-SpØv Imc-bv°¬ F∂ ÿe-Øp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ hg-°p-≠m°n Nne tIUn-I-fmb apl-Ω-Zo-
b¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb NoØ ]d™pw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-°p-hm≥ XpS-
ßn-b-t∏mƒ Xncp-h√m ]am-Wn-Iƒ B\-∏m-∏nsb tZl-c-£bv°v
sIm≠p-h-∂-Xm-Wv. a‰p -Nn-ecpw \ncWw apX-emb ÿe-ß-fn¬
\n∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B\-∏m∏n h∂-tijw Abmƒ apl-Ω-Zo-b-cp-
ambn temly-Øn¬ Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS _e-
Øn¬ thsd Nne¿ apl-Ω-Zo-bsc ]∂n-sb∂pw a‰pw Bt£-]n-®n-
cp∂p. B ]I-bnepw kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bfp-I-fpsS t]c-W-bnepw
s]´mWv B\-∏m-∏nsb hI-h-cp-Øn-b-Xv. Nmb IpSn-°p-hm≥ A∂p
aW¬]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂ skan-\m-cn-°-S-hns‚ FXn¿I-c-bn¬ B\-∏m-
∏nbpw Iq´cpw t]mb-t∏mƒ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ H∂pw D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√.
AXn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Im´n¬ FXn¿`m-K-°m¿ Bbp-[-ß-fp-ambn Hfn-®n-
cp∂p. Nmb C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ B\-∏m∏nbpw Iq´cpw aS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ
a‰-h¿ HmSnh∂v B\-∏m∏nsb t\cn-´p. ]m∏nbpsS IqsS-bp-≈-h¿
\m\m-`m-K-tØ°pw HmSn. FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ ]m∏nsb Xs∂ XpS¿∂p.
35B\-∏m∏n
]m∏n Xncn™p \n∂p ASn XSpØp ]pd-tIm´v \S-∂p. A∂p IS-
hn¬ Xosc Ipdhp sh≈-ta-bp-≈p. Hcp sXßn≥Ip‰n \n∂n-cp-∂-
Xn¬ ]m∏n X´n-ho-Wp. FXn¿Iq-´¿ Imen\p hSn-hmƒ sIm≠v sh´n.
Fgp-t∂¬°m≥ ]mSn-√msX InS-∂ ]m∏nsb Xebv°pw ASn-®p. acn-
®p-t]mbn F∂p hnNm-cn®v Ah¿ ad-™p. B kabw skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ k‘ym-]m¿∞\ \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN. \ne-
hnfn -tI´ Btcm F√mwIqSn ]m∏nsb Hcp I´n-en¬ FSpØv skan-
\mcn ap‰Øv sIm≠p-h-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eoØm h∂p I≠-Xmbn At±-
l-Øns‚ h´n-∏-W-t°-knse km£n-sam-gn-bn¬ D≠v. DSs\ t]meokv
h∂v Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn samgn FSp-Øp. Bip-]-Xn-bn¬
sN∂-t∏mƒ acn-®n-´n-√. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX acn-®p. Xebv°v ASn-
sIm≠v 11 Ij-W-ambn Xe-tbmSv s]m´n-bn-cp∂p F∂v t]mÃp-tam¿´w
dnt∏m¿´n¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn tI´p.
12 ]Xn-Isf tN¿Øv tIkv D≠m-bn. Hcmƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚
tPyjvT-]p-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Hfn-hn¬ Bbn. 11 ]Xn-I-sfbpw
skj≥kv tIm¿´n¬ ITn-\-X-S-hn\p hn[n-®p. t]mÃvtam¿´w dnt∏m-
¿´pw, taØ-∑m-cmWv X√n-b-sX∂v samgn ]d-™-Xmb dnt∏m¿´pw
sIm≠v taØ-∑m¿ 3˛4 t]sc amXw sslt°m¿´v in£n®p. _m°n-
bp-≈-hsc shdpsX hn´p. A°q-´-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ tPyjvT-
]p-X\pw Hgn-hm-bn. Hgn-hmb Hcp-Ø\pw icn-bm-b-hn[w acn-®n-´n-√.
H∂p-c≠p sIm√-Øn-\Iw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Zp¿a-c-W-am-Wp-≠m-b-
sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. kn. sP. Ip-cys‚ tPyjvT-]p-X≥ 5 sIm√w
IqSn Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. in£n-°-s∏´ taØ-∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ Pbn-en¬ acn®p.
2 t]¿ Pbn¬ NmSn. Hcp-Ø≥ in£ Ign-™n-d-ßn. Abmƒ Hcp
\nmc If-hn¬ ]nSn-°-s∏´v t]meo-kns‚ ASn- sIm≠v acn-®p. Hcp
taØ≥ ]e-t∏mgpw kn. sP. Ipcy-s‚bpw A\p-P-s‚bpw hoSp-Ifn¬
cmXn-Im-e-ß-fn¬ sN∂v b-s∏-SpØn ]Ww hmßp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw
tIƒhn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
taØ-∑m-cmWv X√n-b-sX∂v ]m∏n ]d-™-Xmbn tUmIvS¿ tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv kn. sP. sI. bpsS kzm[o\w sIm≠m-sW∂pw
tUmIvS¿ FXn¿`m-K-tØmSp A\p-Iq-en-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw kwkm-c-
ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
B\-∏m∏n acn-®-Xns‚ Hm¿Ωsb]Xn saXm-t∏m-eoØm, At±-
l-Øns‚ `mcybv°v klmbw sImSp-°p-hm≥ I¬]\ sImSp-Øn-cp-
∂-Xmbn tIƒhn-bp-≠v. Xncp-ta\n `cWw G‰-Imew apX¬ D≈ Ub-
dnbpw I¬]\ ]I¿∏p-Ifpw 1925-˛¬ Rm≥ IqsS Bb-t∏mƒ D≠m-
36 B\-∏m∏n
bn-cp-∂n-√. B hnhcw Adn-bp-hm≥ Rm≥ tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ 1923-˛¬ Xncp-
ta\n adp-Zo≥ bmXbv°v t]mb-t∏mƒ F√mw Ip≠d am¿ KotKm-dn-
tbmkv (]n-∂oSv 1929-˛¬ ImtXm-en-°m) saXm-®s\ kq£n-°p-hm≥
G¬]n-®n-cp∂p F∂pw AsX√mw th≠-t]mse kq£n®p hbv°m-
™-Xn-\m¬ Xncp-ta\n h∂-t∏mƒ F√mw NnX¬ Xn∂p \ncp-]-tbm-K-
ambn F∂pw Xobn´v Np´p-I-f-bp-hm≥ I¬]n®p F∂pw BIp∂p
Ft∂mSv adp-]-Sn-bmbn I¬]n-®-Xv. 1925-˛\p tijap≈ Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v
amXta Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≈p.
B\-∏m∏n sIme-t°-kns‚ dn°m¿Uv Rm≥ I≠n-´n-√. CkUv.
Fw. ]mtd´v kap-Zm-b-Øn-\p -X∂ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw dn°m¿Up-Ifpw
tZh-temIw Ac-a-\-bpsS ]Sn-™m-dp-h-i-Øp≈ sse_dn lmfn¬
BWv h®n-cp-∂-Xv. B Iq´-Øn¬ Dt≠m F∂v \n›-b-an-√. tZh-
temIw amt\-P¿ _. kn. sI. tPmk^v dºm-®-\m-Wv. Ip∂w-Ip-fw-
Im-c≥. Xriq¿ Xma-kn®v AhnsS acn-®-S-°-s∏´ Hcp amÃ-dpsS aI≥.
At±-l-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´m-¬ Adn-bmw.
Rm≥ apI-fn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬ H∂pw B\-∏m-∏n-sb-°p-
dn-®-dn-™p- Iq-Sm. Hcp c‡-km-£n-bmbn NnXo-I-cn-s®-gp-Xp-∂Xv sX‰-
söp ]d-bmw.
925 apX¬ 934-˛¬ Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvX-Xp-hsc ]m∏n-bpsS
IpSpw-_-°m¿ Bsc-¶nepw Xncp-ta-\nsb I≠-Xmbn Rm≥ Hm¿°p-
∂n-√.
tijw ]n∂mse,
Bflm¿∞-X-tbm-sS,
aW-en¬ A®≥
37B\-∏m∏n
III
`ocp-Xzhpw NXnbpwhS-°≥]m´nse \mb-I-∑m-cmb Nne ]pcp-j-tI-k-cn-Iƒ, NXn-bn¬
sIm√-s∏-Sp∂ ZpxJ-I-c-amb IY-Iƒ F∂pw \ΩpsS a\-ns\ s\mº-
c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv. B [oc-tbm-≤m-°-fpsS A]-Zm-\-ßsf hmgvØn-
∏m-Sp∂ hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-fnse Cuc-Sn-Iƒ ad-°m≥ Ign-bmsX lrZ-
b-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn¬ ]‰n-∏n-Sn®p \n¬°p-∂p:
""Imhn¬ `tKm-Xnsb Hm¿Øp sImt≠ F´p-a-Wn°p acn-s®m-tX-
\≥'' F∂p ]mSØv Rmdp-\-Sp∂ s]Æp-߃ HtX-\s‚ ZpxJ-IY
]mSn Ah-km-\n∏n-°p-tºmƒ hb¬h-c-ºØv Ah-cpsS ]m´v tI´v
\n¬°p∂hcpsS IÆp-Iƒ Cud-\-Wn-bp-∂Xv ImWmw. t\cn´v A¶w
sh´n Pbn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v t_m[yw hcp-tºmƒ NXn-]-tbm-Kw-
sIm≠v FXn-cm-fnsb sIm√p-∂p. AhnsS [¿Ω-bp-≤-a√ \S-°p-∂Xv.
\oXn-im-kvX-߃ AXv I≠v kvXw`n®p \n¬°p-∂p. hnP-b-I-c-amb
A¶-∏-b-‰n-\p-tijw £oWw Xo¿°m≥ ab-ßn-°n-S∂ Btcm-a¬
tNh-I-sc, IpØp-hn-f-°ns‚ X≠p-sIm≠v N¥p, hb-‰n¬ IpØn
amc-I-ambn apdn-th¬]n®v HmSn ad-bp-∂p. Ahn-sSbpw `ocp-Xz-hpw,
NXnbpw ssIap-X-em-°nb FXn-cm-fn-sb-bmWv ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv.
alm-`m-c-X-bp-≤-Øn¬ A`n-a\yp cmP-Ip-am-cs\ h[n-°m≥ Zptcym-
[-\m-Zn-Iƒ CtX X¥w -Xs∂ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. [¿Ω-
bp-≤-Øns‚ kIe \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Im‰n¬ ]dØn GI-\mb
A`n-a\yp cmP-Ip-am-cs\ ]fl-hyq-l-Øn-en´v kI-ecpw IqSn \njvI-
cpWw sh´n-s°m-√p-∂p. Ncn-X-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ c‡w s]mSn™p
\n¬°p∂ hoc-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS A]-Zm-\-߃ am\-h-cm-in°v F∂pw
]nb-¶-c-ß-fm-Wv. ZpxJ-]-cy-h-km-bn-bm-sW-¶nepw B [oc-tI-k-cn-I-
fpsS hoc-I-Y-Iƒ ho≠pw ho≠pw Bth-i-]q¿∆w tI´v Bkz-Zn-°m≥
sImXn tXm∂p-∂p.
cmPy-sØbpw P\-ß-sfbpw XymK-]q¿∆w tkhn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn
PohnXw ka¿∏n® alm-∑msc, Nne¿ Xß-fpsS D±n-jvS-Im-cy-kn-≤n-
°mbn D∑q-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\pth≠n BZyw Ah-cpsS AwK-c-£-
Isc NXn-bn-eqsS hI-h-cp-Øp-∂p. CØcw Iiva-e-∑m-cmb Imtb-
∑m¿ tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ Ime-Øn\p hfsc apºp-Xs∂ \∑-Xn-∑-
Iƒ \nd™ Cu temI-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B LmX-I-cn¬ an°-
38 B\-∏m∏n
hcpw Ncn-X-Øns‚ Nh-‰p-sIm-´-bn¬ Bcpw Adn-bmsX InS-°p-∂p.
tbip-In-kvXp-hn-s‚bpw alm-flm-Km-‘n-bp-sSbpw a‰pw LmX-I¿, h√-
t∏mgpw Hs´ms° Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xp h[n-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS al-Xz-Øns‚
ambmØ ta¬hn-em-k-Øn-em-Wv. thZ-\n®p \ncm-i-cmbn acn® Ah¿°v
]kn-≤n-bpsS ]cn-thjw sXs√-¶nepw AWn-bm\pw km[n-®n-´n-√.
NcnXw AXv AwKo-I-cn®p sImSp-Øn- p-an-√. Ahn-sS-bmWv Ccp-]Xmw
iX-I-Øns‚ BZy -Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ ae-¶-c-k-`sb [oc-ambn \bn-°th
h[-`o-j-Wn-bpsS Icn-\n-g-en¬ \nZm-tZ-hn-bpsS Iq´n-√msX Ign-tb-
≠n-h∂ k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS tZl-c-£-bv°mbn k`m-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Dƒ-
t]-c-W-bm¬ FØnb h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS AXp-
ey-amb \ne. ssZh-Øns‚ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\pw
BZ¿i-[o-c\pw ]c-a-`-‡-\p-ambncp∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p th≠n
PohXymKw sNtø-≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ ]m∏n-sb, hm°ns‚ icn-bmb A¿-
∞-hym-]vXn-bn-e-s√-¶nepw Hc-f-hn¬ c‡-km-£n-bmbn NnXo-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-s√∂v Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-Wv.
ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm ac-W-\n-g-enepw thZ-\-bpsS Xo®q-f-
bnepw IqsS IS-∂p-t]mb Znh-k-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw h[-`ojWn-bpsS apg-
°-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw kztZ-in-I-fpsS HØm-ibpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-
Ø-s∏´ ]c-tZ-in-I-fpsS IS-∂m-I-aW ia-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw Adn-hp-≈-
h¿°v amXta B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS A∂sØ tkh-\sØ icn°pw hne-
bn-cp-Øm-\m-hq. At±-l-tØmSv k`bpw k`mw-K-ßfpw th≠-hn[w
\oXn ]pe¿Øn-bn-´n√ F∂ hna¿i\w C∂pw ]tXyIw FSp-Øp-
]d-tb≠ H∂-√. \oXn sNbvXn-cp∂p F¶n¬ tIm´bw ]pØ≥]≈n
skan-tØ-cn-bnse ]m∏n-bpsS I√d Is≠Øn AhnsS kap-Nn-X-
amb I_¿ ]Wn-bp-Ibpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS A¶-W-Øn¬ A¥y-
hn-iaw sIm≈p∂ k`m-`m-kp-cs‚ kv]µn-°p∂ I_-dn-S-Øn¬ \n∂v
A[nIw AI-se-b-√msX B hmey-°mc\v Hcp kvamc-I-ine Db-cp-
Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pohn®n-cn-°p-∂-hsc Imcy-km-[y-Øn-\p-th≠n
IW-°n-e-[nIw Icp-Xp-Ibpw Ah¿ IÆ-S-bp-tºmƒ I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kz`m-h-Øn\p kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]t≠
Ip]-kn-≤-cm-sW∂p Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°v CXp kw_-‘n®v Imcy-amb
at\m-th-Z\ D≠m-Im≥ km[y-X-bn-√. a°ƒ kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°sf
kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xns‚ Hcp ][m\ ImcWw Ah-cn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂
kvt\l-hm-’-ey-߃°p ]pdsa B\p-Iq-ey-ß-fm-sW∂pw Ah¿
£oWn-Xcpw kmº-ØnI klmbw \¬Im≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-hcpw
BIp-tºmƒ a°-fpsS ]q¿∆-kvt\lw Ipd-bp-Itbm ad-bp-Itbm
39B\-∏m∏n
sNøp-sa∂pw D≈Xv a\-im-kvX-]-c-ambn icn-h-®n-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw
ChnsS Hm¿∏n-°-s´. cqØn-s\-t∏mse hyXy-kvX-cmb Npcp°w Nne¿
D≠m-Ipw. B\-∏m-∏n-sb∂ Akm-am\y tZl-_-e-ap≈ Icp-Øs\
t\cn´v FXn¿°m≥ sI¬]n-√mØ `ocp-°-fmb H´-[nIw t]Sn-sØm-
≠-∑m¿ HØp-IqSn \ncm-bp-[-\mb B a\p-jys\ \n¿±bw X√n-s°m∂
NcnXw Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv tIƒ°m-Ø-h¿
D≠m-hn-√. B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS h[-sØ-°p-dn®v Bcpw ]m´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-
b-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. Hcp Ihnbpw hnem-]-Imhyw cNn-®n-√. Hcp kvamc-
Ihpw ]m∏n-°p-th≠n Db¿∂n-√. ]gb Hcp k`m-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-Ønepw
]m∏n-bpsS arX-tZlw FhnsS I_-d-S-°n-sb-∂p -t]mepw ImWn-√.
]m∏nsb Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂v Xm≥ sIm≠p-h∂p F∂v Ah-Im-i-
s∏-Sp∂ B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv (A∂v ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n.
Koh¿Ko-kv) ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Xm≥ cNn® "Kncn-Zo]w'
F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ hnkvX-cn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ t]Pv 35-˛¬
""t]mÃp-tam¿ -Øn-\p-tijw bYm-hn[n kwkvIm-c-Iaw \SØn'' F∂v
FgpXn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv B lrZ-bm-ep-hmb ]ptcm-ln-X-
tijvT≥ sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. ]m∏n-bpsS kztZiw Xncp-h-√-mbm-Wv. ]m∏n-
bpsS arX-tZlw Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ ]m∏n-bpsS kz¥w CS-h-I-∏≈n skan-
tØ-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn AS-°p-I-bmtWm D≠m-b-Xv. AtXm a‰p
h√-bn-SØpw AS-°p-I-bmtWm sNbvX-sX∂v hmb-\-°m¿°v \ymb-
amb kwibw tXm∂mw. tIm´bw sNdn-b-]≈n hI ]pØ≥]≈n
skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ AS°w sNbvXp F∂v Hcp -hcn Fgp-Xn-t®¿°m≥
]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-Øn¬ h√msX kl-X-]n-°p∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-
kn\p km[n-®n-√. tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-≈n-bpsS skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ I_-
d-S°w \SØn F∂v ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpsS A∂-sØ dnt∏m¿´n¬
\n∂p-amWv \mw Adn-bp-∂-Xv. B [oc-tbm-≤m-hns‚ ih-Ip-So-cw-t]mepw
kwc-£n-°msX kap-Zmbw IrX-Lv\X Im´n.
]m∏n kz¥w Imcy-߃ t\Sm-\p≈ hyK-X-bn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-
b√ sNbvX-Xv. kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ AXpey Bflob t\Xm-hmb ae-
¶c k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚
tZl-c-£-bv°p-th≠n ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXn-Iq-c-
ambn h[n-°-s∏-´p. kap-Zm-b-]-am-Wn-Iƒ ]m∏nsb At±-l-Øns‚
kz¥- \m-´n¬ \n∂v £Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
bpsS AwK-c-£-I-\mbn \nb-an-®-Xm-Wv. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb X´n-
°-f-bm≥ ]mØpw ]Xp-ßnbpw Ccp-´ns‚ ad-hn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-
bn¬ G¥n-h-en™v h∂ A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v B\-
∏m∏n Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\-am-bn. ]m∏n-bpsS ssIbn¬ s]´m¬ Poh-\pw-
40 B\-∏m∏n
sIm≠v Xncn-®p-t]m-cm≥ ]‰n-s√∂pw Dd-∏m-Wv. At[m-tem-I-ho-c-∑m¿
At∏mƒ I≠p-]n-Sn® X¥-amWv ]m∏nsb C√mbva sNøpI F∂Xv.
AXv Ah¿ \S-∏m-°pI Xs∂ sNbvXp. t]meokv tIkn¬ Cßs\
]d-bp-∂p:
""Xncp-h√m s\Spºw ]hr-Øn-bn¬ s]cn-ßc apdn-bn¬ B‰p-]p-
dØp Xma-kn°pw ]m∏n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ h¿°n hdp-Ko-kns\ 1087˛m-
am≠v ao\-amkw 18-˛mw Xob-Xn sshIn Dt±iw 6 aWn ka-bØv
tIm´bw tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cnbv°v hS-°p-hiw D≈
ao\-®n-em-‰n¬ aW-∏p-dØv h®v acWw hc-Ø° ]cp-°p-Iƒ G¬]n-
°-W-sa-∂p≈ s]mXp-hmb hnNm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn 1 apX¬ 17 hsc ]Xn-
Iƒ \ymb-c-ln-X-ambn kwLw tN¿∂v hSn, hSn-hmƒ, De° apX-
emb Bbp-[-߃ [cn-®-h-cmbn ]m∏n-bpsS acWw hcp-hm≥ CS-bp-
s≠-∂p≈ Adn-thm-Sp-IqSn hnNm-c-]q¿∆w ]m∏n-bpsS Xe-bnepw
tZlØpw hSn, De° Ch -sIm≠v ASn-®pw, CSn®pw hmƒ sIm-≠v
IpØnbpw ]cp-t°¬∏n®p sIm∂p.''
Aßs\ ]m∏n F∂ alm-a-√≥ h[n-°-s∏-´p. k`-bpsS A`n-am-\-
kvXw-`-amb h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ Xoh-b-Xv\-
Øn¬ Hcp [oc-tbm-≤mhv c‡-km-£n-bmbn AS¿°-f-Øn¬ hoWp.
ao\-®n-em-dns‚ hncn-amdv ]m∏n-bpsS NpSp-tNm-c -hoWv Nph-∂p. AkvX-
ab kqcy≥ B `oIc ImgvN -Im-Wm≥ sI¬]n-√msX apJw ad-®p.
B‰-cn-In¬ \n¬°p∂ hr£-߃ B Iqc-Zriyw I≠v \Sp-ßn-
t∏mbn. ]gbskan-\mcn Nm∏-en¬ \n∂v k‘ym-]m¿∞-\bv°v
Db¿∂p-tI´ aWn-\mZw B sIme-]m-X-I-Øn¬ ZpxJn-°p∂ doti≥
amem-J-am-cpsS tX߬t]mse tXm∂n-t∏m-bn.
CUv. Fw. ]mtd-´ns‚ A\-iz-c-Ir-Xn-bmb ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ
\memw hmfy-Øn¬ Hcp A≤ymbw Xs∂ B\-∏m∏n h[-Øn-\p-th≠n
\o°n-h-®n- p-≠v. ]Xn-aq∂mw A≤ym-bØn\v At±lw sImSpØ t]cp-
Xs∂ ""ka-cn-bpw, Ipcp-Xnbpw'' F∂m-Wv. ]mkw H∏n®v Fgp-Xnb
B Xe-s°´v XnI®pw A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv. 1086-˛¬ kacn 58-˛mw \º-
cmbn kap-ZmbtIµ-amb ]gbskan-\m-cnbpsS ssIh-isØ kw_-
‘n®v Hcp tIkp-≠m-bn. AXn-s\-bmWv ka-cn-t°kv F∂v ]d-™p-
h-cp-∂-Xv. kΩdn F∂ Cw•ojv hm°ns‚ ae-bmfw A\p-I-c-W-amWv
ka-cn. A\m-h-iy-amb Hu]-Nm-cnI \S-]-Sn-Itfm Ime-Xm-a-ktam
IqSmsX Npcp-°-ambn hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-Sp∂ tIkn-\mWv ka-cn-
t°kv F∂p ]d-bm-dv. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS Zim-_vZ-߃ ]n∂n´
tIkp-I-fpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hmtcm henb hyh-lm-chpw Hmtcm t]cn-
41B\-∏m∏n
emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. skan-\m-cn-t°-kv, h´n-∏-W-t°-kv, kkvs]≥-
j≥ tIkv, kap-Zm-b-t°-kv..... k`m-t°kv Aßs\ FX FX
tIkp-Iƒ!! ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb XqsØ-dn™v ]g-b-sk-an-
\mcn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ka-c-Øn¬ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS Poh≥
IpcpXn sImSp-°-s∏-´p. CXmWv ""ka-cnbpw Ipcp-Xnbpw'' F∂ t]cv
]Xn-aq∂mw A≤ym-b-Øn\v ]mtd´v sImSp-°m≥ Imc-Ww. ae-¶c
\km-Wn-Iƒ hmeyw \mev t]Pv 427 apX-ep≈ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v
Ipd®v hcn-Iƒ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p:
`bm-\-I-amb B kw -h-Øns‚ hni-Z-hn-h-c-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂n√
F∂v kt¶m-N-tØm-Sp-IqSn Bap-J-ambn ]d™v ]mtd´v t]meokv
tIkns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-fpw, A\-¥-c -kw-`-h-ßfpw Npcp-°-ambn sImSp-
°p-∂p.
]mtd´v XpS-cp-∂p, ""t]meokv, dnt∏m¿´n¬ ImWp∂ kw`hw \S-
∂-Xn\p th≠X sXfn-hp-Iƒ lmP-cm-°n. km£n-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬
XmSnbpw, aoibpw \o´nb Hcp hr≤\pw, HºXp hb-p- amXw ]mb-
ap≈ Ipeo-\-bmb Hcp s]¨Ip-´nbpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]Øp-]-Xn-\-
©m-fp-Iƒ Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fpw, De-°-bpw, Bbn ]m∏nsb hf-™p. Xe
X√n-Ø-I¿°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p πm≥ F∂p ImWmw km£n-sam-gn-
Iƒ hmbn-®m¬. apºn-epw, ]nºnepw Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw \n∂p-sIm≠v
Ah¿ Abm-fpsS Xesb e£y-am°n \n¿ØmsX ASn-®p. HmSn-t∏m-
Ith Hcmƒ hSn-hmƒsIm≠v Imen¬ IpØn. B alm-a-√≥ \new-
]Xn-®p. AhnsS C´pw Ipsd ASn-®-tijw F√m-hcpw HmSn-t∏m-bn.
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hnh-c-a-dn™v Bfp-Iƒ HmSn FØn. arX-]m-b-\m-
bn-°n-S∂ ]m∏nsb Hcp I´n-en¬ FSpØp t]meokv tÃj-\n-te°pw,
Ahn-sS-\n∂v \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°pw sIm≠p-
t]mbn. Ahn-sS-h®v Abmƒ ]ns‰-∂mƒ acn-®p. arX-i-cocw t]mÃp-
tam¿´w sNbvX-t∏mƒ Xe-t®mdv ]Xn-aq∂v Ij-W-ß-fmbn s]m´n-Ø-
I¿∂-Xm-bpw, c≠v Zn°n¬ Xe-t®mdv ]pd-Øp-Nm-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw
I≠p. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]Xn-I-fpsS ]£Øp tN¿∂v
sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°m≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. tUmIvS¿ tcmKnsb th≠-X-c-
Øn¬ t\m°n-bn-√, F∂n-ßs\ ]cm-Xn-bp-≠m-bn. BsI-bp-≠m-bn-
cp∂ 17 ]Xn-I-fn¬ 16 t]sc-bmWv AdÃv sNbvX-Xv. aPn-kvtS‰v
tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v ]Xn-s\m∂v ]Xn-Isf skj≥kn-te°v IΩn‰p
sNbvXp. ]m∏nsb sh´nb ][m\ ]Xnsb ]nSn-In-´n-bn-√. Abmƒ
Hfn-hn¬ t]mbn. IΩn‰v sNø-s∏´ ]Xn-s\m∂v ]Xn-Iƒ°pw Poh-]-
cy¥w XS-hp-in£ \¬In. 1088 I∂n 26-˛mw XobXn hn[n D≠m-bn.
42 B\-∏m∏n
in£n-°-s∏´ ]Xn-Iƒ sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ sImSp-Øp.
Ahn-sS-\n∂v H∂v, c≠v, aq∂v Cu ]Xn-I-fpsS Poh-]-cy¥w XS-hp-
in£ ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw _m°n F´p-t]sc shdpsX hn´pw hn[n®p.
Aßs\ B\-∏m-∏n-t°kv Ah-km-\n-®p. CXn-\Iw kap-Zmbw an°-
hmdpw c≠mbn ]nf-cp-I-bpw, am¿ A_vZp≈m aS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-
sIm-t≠m, \c-_en hgn Xr]vXn h∂-Xp-sImt≠m Ft¥m ]gbskan-
\m-cn-bnse kvt^mS-\m-hÿ X¬°m-e-tØ°v amdn-.'' Cßs\ tcJ-
s∏-SpØn ]mtd´v "ka-cn-bpw Ipcp-Xnbpw' F∂ A≤ymbw Ah-km-
\n-∏n-°p-∂p.
]m∏n-bpsS ac-Ww-hgn ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse kwL¿jm-hÿ
X¬°mew amdn-In-´n-sb-¶nepw ]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v h∂ \jvS-
Øn\v Bcv DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw G¬°pw. 35-˛mw hb-n¬ ]m∏n h[n-°-
s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Cfb s]¨Ip-™n\v shdpw 3 amkw ]mbta D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p-≈p. 90 hb-p≈ B aIƒ 2000-˛epw Pohn-®n-cp∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS
`mcybpw Ip™p-ßfpw klm-b-Øn-\p-th≠n ]e hmXn¬°epw ap´n-
b-Xmbn Adn-bmw. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse ]gb dn°m¿Up-Iƒ
CubnsS X∏n-b-t∏mƒ ]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v Khs◊‚n¬ \n∂p
Nne B\p-Iq-ey-߃ In´m-\mbn Ab-bv°m≥ Xøm-dm-°nb Hcp At]-
£-bpsS ]I¿∏v I≠p-In-´n. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dn-
bmbn Zo¿L-Imew tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn® aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m-
tcmSv At±lw Znhw-K-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\v GXm\pw amk-߃°v apºv
FgpXn tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw adp-]-Sn-bn¬ ImWn-®Xv ]m∏n-bpsS
IpSpw-_-Øn\v k`-bn¬ \n∂v Fs¥-¶nepw klmbw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-
Ø-Xmbn Adn-hn-√, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-Im-eØv klm-b-Øn-\mbn
h∂n-cp-∂-Xmbpw Hm¿Ω-bn-s√∂v Bbn-cp∂p. Ign-bp-∂ klmbw ]m∏n-
bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°Ww
F∂v Duln-°p-hmt\ Xc-ap-≈p. Xncp-ta\n t\cn v sImSp-Øn-s√-¶nepw
a‰p h√ hy‡n-I-tfm-tSm, ]≈n-°m-tcmtSm ]d™v klmbw FØn-
®p-ImWpw F∂v kam-iz-kn-°mw.
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]Xyp-]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ AXoh i≤m-
ep-hm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v
Icp-X-ep≈ hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n. At±-l-Øns‚ ap≥-
Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-
a≥ ]ta-l-tcm-K-_m-[n-X-\mbn tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-≈n- ta-S-bn¬ InS-
°p-tºmƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb ipiq-jn-°p-hm≥ Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp -\n∂v At±-
l-Øns‚ ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ sN∂v IqsS Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. ]pent°m-
43B\-∏m∏n
´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hr≤-bmb Hcp ktlm-Zcn Xncp-ta-\nsb ac-W-
°n-S-°-bn¬ cm]-I-en-√msX ipiq-jn-®n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n Imew-sNbvXv
I_-d-S°w Ign-™mWv Ah-sc√mw \m´n-te°v aS-ßn-b-Xv. ta¬∏-
d™ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn°v kmº-Øn-I-ambn
hfsc _p≤n-ap-´m-sW∂v Adn™ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n B ktlm-
Z-cn°v ]Xn-amkw A©p -cq]m aWn-Hm¿U-dmbn ]gbskan-\m-cn-
bn¬\n∂v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ G¿∏mSv sNbvXp. Ah¿ acn-°p-∂-Xp-
hsc amkw-tXmdpw B A©p-cq] Fw.H. Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp≈ Ah-
cpsS ho´n¬ sN∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A∂sØ A©p- cq] Hcp ss]adn
kvIqƒ amÿ°p In´p∂ iº-f-am-sW∂v Hm¿°-Ww. B \nebv°v
]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_sØ Xncp-ta\n klm-bn-°msX Ccn-°n√ F∂p-
thWw hniz-kn-°m≥. AtX-k-abw ]m∏n-bpsS _‘p-°-fn¬ Nne-
tcmSv R߃ At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ klm-b-sam∂pw e`n-®n√ F∂mWv
]d-™-Xv.
44 B\-∏m∏n
IV
A∂sØ k`m¥-co£wB\-∏m∏n h[-sØ-°p-dn®v ]T\w \S-Øp-tºmƒ B sIme-]m-X-
I-Øn\v If-sam-cp-°nb A∂sØ Iem-]-I-ep-jn-X-amb k`m-¥-co-
£-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. ae-¶c
saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ k`mw-K-ß-fpsS F√m-h-cp-sSbpw
kvt\l-hpw, _lp-am-\hpw ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb ]pen-t°m- n¬ tPmk v am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ZznXo-b\v (k- -bn¬ A©m-a≥) ]mbm-[nIyw sIm≠v
`c-W-`mcw hln-°m≥ ]bm-k-ambn XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ ]n≥Km-ansb
sXc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ ia-ß-ƒ Bcw-`n-®p. Xs‚ Ime-tijw ae-
¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmbn h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºms\ At±lw
a\-n¬ I≠p-h-®n-cp-∂p. Xm≥ Imew sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ h´-
t»-cn¬ dºm\p ta¬]´w sImSp-∏n®v Xt∂mSv kl-I-cn®p ]h¿Øn-
°p-∂-Xn\p \ntbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v _p≤n-am-\mb
]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta\n \n›-bn-®p. Aßs\ sNøm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Xs‚
]b-Xv\-߃ sIm≠p-≠m-bn-´p≈ t\´-ß-sf√mw Ah-Xm-f-Øn-em-Ip-
sa∂pw Xncp-ta\n `bs∏´p.
ta¬∏-´-ÿm-\-tØ°v h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºm-t\bpw sIm®p-
]-d-ºn¬ ]ueqkv dºm-t\bpw ]≈n]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbmKw 1083 Ipw`w
15-˛\v Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. AXn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºms\ saXm≥ ÿm\w
G‰m¬ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Akn-Âpw, ]n≥Km-an-bp-ambn
ae-¶-c-bnse s]mXp-hmb cWw G¬]n-°-W-sa∂pw ]≈n]Xn-]pcp-
j-tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-®p.
]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\p-tijw `c-W-Øn¬ h∂ ]mXn-b¿-
°o-kmb A_vZ¬ anin-lm-bpsS ^¿am≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ A[n-
Im-c-]Xw Xp¿°n kp¬Øm≥ A_vZp¬ laoZv ]n≥h-en® hnhcw
CXn-\Iw ae-¶-c-bn¬ Adn-™n-cp-∂p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v A∂sØ ae-
¶-c-k-`-bpsS apJ-]-X-amb "CS-hI]Xn-I'-bn¬ Nne hm¿Ø-Ifpw
h∂p. bmXmkuI-cy-߃ ]cn-an-X-amb B ImeØv kndnbm cmPy-
Øp-t]mbn ]´-ta‰p hcp-∂Xv henb Zp¿LSw ]nSn® Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p.
]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta\n ta¬∏- -ÿm-\-ta¬°m≥ t]mb-t∏mƒ A\p-
`-hn® IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fpsS GI-tZ-i-NnXw Fw. ]n. h¿°n Fgp-Xnb
]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p a\n-em-°mw.
Poh≥ ]Wbw h®p≈ bmX-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. I≈-∑mcpw sIm≈-
45B\-∏m∏n
°mcpw sIme-]m-X-In-Ifpw h\y-Po-hn-Iƒ hnl-cn-°p∂ Im´p-]m-X-I-
fn¬ IqSn Im¬\-S-bm-bpw, Igp-X-∏p-dØpw bmX sNbvXp -thWw
apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im≥. sIm≈-°m¿ hf-bp-tºmƒ Ah¿°v ]Ww
sImSpØv c£-s∏-S-Ww. At∏mƒ sIm≈-Ø-e-h≥ Hcp ]£n-bpsS
Xqh¬ AS-bm-f-ambn sImSp-°pw. AXp ImWn-®m¬ ASpØ sIm≈-
kwLw h∂v ]nSn-®p-]-dn-°n-√. Aß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ
kndnbm cmPysØ B`y-¥c\ne.
^¿am-\p≈ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ASp-Øp-t]m-Ip-∂-
Xn-t\-°mƒ B]¬°-c-am-bn-cn°pw ]¿∆-X-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈
Xq¿ A_vZo-\n¬ ¿am≥ \jvS-s∏´p Xma-kn-°p∂ A_vZ-Zv a-inlm
]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ASp-°¬ t]mIp-∂-sX∂ A`n-]m-bhpw ae-¶-
c-bn¬ ]_-e-s∏-´p. k¿°m-cns‚ ]n¥p-W-bp≈ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-
b¿°o-kv, ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂p hcp-∂-h¿°v kndn-bm-bnse A]-I-S-ta-
J-e-I-fn¬ IqSn-bp≈ bmX Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn bdp-itew ]´-W-Øn¬
h∂v ta¬]-´-ÿm\w sImSp∏m≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂v t\csØ Adn-bn-
®n-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv h -t»-cn¬ dºm-\pw, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ dºm\pw
bdp-i-te-an¬ t]mbn ta¬∏-´-ÿm\w kzoI-cn-°m≥ CS-bm-b-Xv.
1908 sabv 31-˛\v saXm-\-`n-tjIw Ign™v Ccp-hcpw \m´n-te°v
Xncn-®p. Ah-tcm-sSm∏w …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p.
siΩm-i-\mbn ae-¶-c-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ At±lw aØmbn siΩm
i\p-sam-∂n®v (]n-∂oSv HutK≥ _mhm) 1905-˛¬ kndn-bm-bn-te°v
t]mbn. AhnsS Xma-kn®ph∂ aØmbn siΩm-i≥, dºm≥ ÿm\w
kzoI-cn®v HutK≥ dºm-\m-bn-´mWv aS-ßn-b-Xv.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ hm¿≤-Iy-Z-i-
bn¬ ]pXnb saXm∑msc ImWp-hm\pw Ahsc A\p-K-ln-°p-hm\pw
ssZhw At±-l-Øn-\v Ah-kcw sImSp-Øp. ]pXnb saXm-∑m¿ Npa-
X-e-Iƒ Gs‰-SpØv \S-Øp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. At∏mƒ AXm hcp∂p
k`m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Icn-\n-g¬ hogvØp∂ Hcp ktµiw! A_vZp≈m
]mXn-b¿°okv ae-¶-c-bn-te°v hcp-∂p. ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
`c-W-Øn¬ kam-[m-\-tØm-Spw, kzÿ-X-tbmSpw Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂
ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS hm\-ho-Yn-bn¬ Hcp [qa-tIXp DZbw sNbvXp. £an-
°-Ww. ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ [qa-tIXp F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°mtam? hm¬-
\-£Xw DZn-®m¬ B \m´n¬ \mi-hpw, IjvS-∏mSpw D≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-
Wt√m hnizm-kw. [qa-tI-Xp-hn-t\-°mƒ \mihpw, A\¿∞-hp-amWv
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv h∂v ae-¶ck`-bn¬ hnX-®-Xv. ]ip
NØm-epw, tamcnse ]pfn t]mhn√ Fs∂mcp sNm√p-≠-t√m.
46 B\-∏m∏n
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Xncn-®p-t]mbn´v Hcp \q‰m-≠v Ign™p.
C∂pw B alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ sNbvXp-sh® tZml-Øns‚ ew \nc-
]-cm-[n-I-fmb ae-¶-c-k`m a°ƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p.
]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂Xv
At±-lsØ £Wn-®-X-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. \hoI-c-W-°m-cp-ambn G‰p-
ap- m≥ thsd am¿§-an-s√∂v ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v tXm∂n-b-Xns‚
shfn-®-Øn-emWv ]tXmkv XrXo-bs\ £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn-b-Xv. A∂v
AsXmcp Bh-iy-ambn ]ecpw Icp-Xn. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pm-
hns‚ hnfw-_-c-Øns‚ _e-Øn¬, ae-¶-c-k-`sb sRcp-°n-bn-cp∂
]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns\ Iog-S-°m≥ AXv
amX-am-bn-cp∂p hgn. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv h∂p alm-cm-Pm-hn\v
\nth-Z\w sImSp-Ø-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cmP-Iob hnfw-_cw
]n≥h-en-°p-Ibpw ]me-°p-∂Øv tXmakv AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s\-Xnsc
tIkp- sIm-SpØv ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
F∂m¬ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ae-¶c kµ¿i-\-Øn\v B
hI Imcy-߃ H∂pwXs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. £Wn-°msX hen-™p-
I-b-dn-h∂ "AXn-Yn'-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Zhym-Klw apJ-apZ Bbn-
cp∂ B tijvT- a-lm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ ]®-ta-®n¬]pd-amb ae-¶-c-k-`-
bn¬ \n∂v In´m-hp∂ apX¬ sIm≈ -sN-øm≥ ]pd-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p
F∂v B kµ¿i\w ]n∂oSv hy‡-am-°n. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv
h∂-t∏mƒ H∏w D≠m-bn-cp∂ KotKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm
BWv ]n∂oSv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Bb-Xv. ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂v
]Ww tNmZn-®p -hm-ßp-I-bpw, In´mØ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂v `oj-Wn-
s∏-SpØn ]Ww X´n-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw, aqtdm≥ hn‰v Imim-°p-Ibpw,
In´nb ssI apØv t]msc∂v ]d™v ]≈n-bn¬ hen-s®-dn™v _lfw
sh°p-Ibpw a‰pw sNbvXv Bt£-]-߃ Ip∂p-Iq-Sn -b-t∏mƒ
]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm, am¿ KotKm-dn-tbm-kns\ apS-°n-b-
Xm-Wv. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncn-®p-t]m-bn´pw am¿ KotKm-
dn-tbmkv ChnsS Xßn. ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v DSs\ ÿew hn´p-t]m-I-
W-sa∂v ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm I¬]n-®n´pw t]mbn√
F∂mWv Ncn-Xw.
]ns∂bpw ChnsS Id-ßn-Øn-cn™v In´m-hp∂ ss]k-sb√mw
kzcq-]n-®- ti-j-amWv ÿew Imen-bm-°n-b-Xv. ""F\n°v hr≤-bmb
Hcp AΩsb kwc-£n-°m-\p-≠v. \n߃ h√Xpw X∂v klm-bn-
°Ww'' F∂v ]d™v ]≈n-°m-cpsS apºn¬ X©w-t]mse ssI
\o´m\pw B ioa- sa-Xm≥ aSn-®n-cp-∂n-√.
47B\-∏m∏n
h´n-∏-W-t°-knse km£n-samgn hmbn-®m¬ Cßs\ ]eXpw
Adnbmw. A∂v h -t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv IØ\m¿, A_vZp≈m KotKm-
dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Zzn`m-jn-bmbn IqsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v KotKm-dn-tbmkv saXmt∏m-eoØm A_vtZZv ainlm
]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ Xg™p ]mXn-b¿°okv Bb-t∏mƒ C\n
k`bv°v F¥p- \m-i-amWv h∂p-Iq-Sp-∂-sX∂ Bi¶ ae-¶-c-k`m
t\Xm-°sf tcmjm-Ip-e-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-
kns‚ X\n-\ndw Adn-bm-hp∂ ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v A_vZp≈m
]mXn-b¿°okv hcp∂p F∂v Adn-™-Xp- apX¬ Dd°w \jvS-s∏-´p.
At±lw ktlm-Z-c-]p-X≥ Im°pÆn°v kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ Fgp-
Xnb Hcp IØv CubnsS ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn. AXn¬, cmXn Dd°w
Xosc In´p-∂n-s√-∂pw, Dd°w In´m-\p≈ Hcp Im®nb FÆ Xe-
bn¬ tX®p Ipfn-°m-\mbn Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp-\n∂p Xøm-dm°n Ab-®p-
sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv hcp∂p F∂ hnhcw tPmk^v am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ h√msX Xf¿Øn-°-f-™p. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-
°o-kns\ Xm≥ £Wn®phcp-Øn-b-Xm-sW-¶nepw Nne \∑-Iƒ-
s°m∏w Ipsd tZmlhpw At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂v G¬t°≠n h∂p.
""D]mbw Nn¥ sN-øp-tºmƒ, A]mbw IqSn Hm¿°Ww'' F∂ ]©-
X¥ IY ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ icn°pw en®p.
]£n-°p-™p-ßsf Xn∂ ]mºns\ sIm√m≥ ]£n-Iƒ Hcp Iocn-
bpsS klmbw tXSn. Iocn ]mºns\ sIm∂p. ]n∂oSv Iocn ]£n-
°p-™p-ß-sfbpw Xn∂p. AXp-t]m-se-bmbn ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-
°okv _mhm-bpsS ae¶cbnse ]hr-Øn. ]me-°p-∂Øv saXm-
®s‚ cmP-Iob hnfw-_cw ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-´p. AtX-k-abw ae-¶-c-
k`-bpsS P∑-kn-≤-amb kzmX¥yw At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v
Hcp ]cn-[n- hsc ASn-b-d -sh-bvt°-≠-Xmbpw h∂p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬
Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn Ipsd DS-s°√mw D≠m-°n-btij-amWv ]tXmkv
]mXn-b¿°okv Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. hnkvX-c- -b-Øm¬ B mKw R߃
hnSp-I-bm-Wv. ]c-kv]cw kwkm-cn-°p-I-t]mepw sNømØ \ne-bn¬
Imcy-߃ sNs∂-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. B hI-bn¬ Hcp sNdnb apS°pw
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]n∂oSv ]mXn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂p- In-´n.
]t£ P\-ß-fp-tS-bpw, kl-sa-Xm-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]oXn-bpw, hm’-
eyhpw, ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb _lp-am-\hpw th≠X ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb ]pen-
t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ apS-s°∂
Hme-∏m-ºn\v H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-™n-√. DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-Ø-c-W-sa∂v
48 B\-∏m∏n
]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv \n¿_-‘-
ambn Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n ae-¶-ck-`-bpsS kzmX-
¥yØn\v lm\n-I-c-am-Ip∂ AØcw Hcp DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°m≥
Xøm-dm-bn-√.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dn-bmbn Zo¿L-\mƒ tkh-
\-a-\p-jvTn® At¥ymJym `‡-\mb C. Fw. ^nen∏ns‚ Hcp IØv
h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ lmP-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AXv D≤-cn®v CUv. Fw.
]mtd´v Nne hkvXp-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. B `mKw ae-¶c
\km-Wn-Iƒ aq∂mw hmey-Øn¬ \n∂v (t]Pv 377) Xmsg-s°m-Sp-
°p∂p:
""A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Chn-tSbv°v ]pd-s∏-´p Ign™p
F∂p≈ hm¿Ø tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ h√msX Ipep-
°n-°-f-™p. CZw-]-Y-a-ambn ae-¶c kµ¿in® At¥ymJym ]mXn-
b¿°okv ]tXmkv XrXo-b-\p-am-bp-≠mb i_vZ-c-ln-X-amb cq£-
k-a-c-Øns‚ Xn‡-kva-c-W-Iƒ DW¿∂-Xm-W-Xn\p Imc-Ww. 1911
am¿®v 3˛mw XobXn C. Fw. ^nen∏v, C. sP. tPmWn\v Fgp-Xnb Hcp
IØv h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ _n. C. A°-ambn lmP-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ckm-
h-l-ßfmb Nne XXz-ß-fpw, A`n-]m-b-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ B
IØn¬ ]d-bp∂p: "".... -Imew sNbvX ]mXn-b¿°okv (]-tXmkv
XrXo-b≥) i¬aqkm Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°-W-sa∂v Imew-sNbvX saXm-
t\mSv (tPm-k^v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv) Bh-iys∏´p. apS-°n-°-f-bp-sa∂v
`ojWns∏Sp-Øp-I-t]mepw sNbvXp. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv km≤y-a-
s√∂v Xo¿Øp -]-d-™p. ]mXn-b¿°okv Aßp -t]mbn. AX- Xs∂.
... \√ ]mb-Øn¬ ]tXmkv XrXo-bs‚ `oj-Wn-Isf Ah-K-Wn-
°p-I-tbm, X¥-ßsf adp-X-¥-߃sIm≠v \njv^-e-am-°p-Itbm
sNbvhm≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. htbm-hr-≤-\pw, tcmK-
_m-[n-X\pw Bb-t∏m-gmWv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ]pd-∏mSv
kw_-‘n® hnhcw e`n-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-]m-b-K-Xnbpw ]h¿-
Ø\coXn-Ifpw 1050-˛52-˛¬ icn-°v a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
kwL- \w Hgn-hm-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bn-s√∂pw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v Adn-
bm-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww.''
""hfsc hf-sc-°mew ae-¶-c-bn¬ Hcp `n£mw-tZln F∂ \ne-
bn¬ F√m-h-tcbpw ]oWn-∏n-°m≥ ian-®p Ign-™p-h∂ …o_m
siΩm-i-s\ am¿ A_vZp≈m saXm-\mbn Db¿Øn F∂pw, ]pXnb
saXm≥ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\v ae-¶-csaXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂ \ne-
bnepw Fgp CS-h-I-Ifpw AX-Xns‚ saXm≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw `cn-
49B\-∏m∏n
°p-∂-Xn\p kvXmØn-t°m≥ sImSp-Øn-´p-s≠∂pw Adn-™Xv
tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ITn-\-ambn thZ-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. HkvXm-
Øn-tbm-kv, tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Imew H∂p Ign-bs´,
`cWw \S-Øp-∂Xv Fßs\ F∂v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp°pw F∂v hoºn-
f-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂Xv hln-°m-\pw, kln-°m\pw htbm-[n-I-\mb saXm-
t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v Ign-hn-√m-Xmbn.''
GXm-bmepw am¿ A_vZp≈m hcp∂p F∂p Xo¿®-s∏-´-tXm-Sp-IqSn
am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Btcm-Ky-\ne hfsc tami-am-bn. tIm´bw
sNdn-b-]-≈n-bn¬ hmX-tcmK NnIn-’bv°v hnt[-b-\m-bn-cp∂ saXm-
t∏m-eo-ØmbpsS tcmK-K-Xn°v s]s´∂v am‰w kw`-hn-®p.
\b-tIm-hn-Z-\mb At±-lw, ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cp-ambn Xpd∂
kwL-´-\-Øn\v CS-bm-°m-sX-bpw, ae-¶-c-bpsS P∑-kn-≤-amb
kzmX¥yw hn´p-sIm-SpØv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw Ign-°m≥ FX-
amXw ]Wn-s∏´p F∂v ]d-bm-h-X-√. ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ am¿
A_vZp-≈msb kam-[m-\s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-t\m, Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
Xnt\m th≠Xv sNbvhm≥ Xm≥ Cl-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√
F∂v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu L´-Øn¬ ]pXnb
saXm-∑m¿ c≠p-t]cpw Hcp-an®p \n¬t°-≠Xv k`-bp-sS-bpw, kap-Zm-
b-Øn-s‚bpw c£bv°v AXym-hiy-am-sW∂v \n›-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-
Xn-\m¬, tcmKn-bmb tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Ahsc Ccp-h-scbpw
hnfn-®p-h-cp-Øn. At∏mƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv
B B-tem-N-\-I-fpsS hnhcw [cn-®m¬ Ipg∏w D≠m-Ip-sa∂v \n›-
b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ft¥m Imcyw D≠m°n At±-lsØ ]mW-
º-Sn-∏-≈n-bn-te°v ]d-™-b-®p. AXn-\p-tijw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-
t\-bpw, am¿ Iqdn-tem-kn-t\bpw tcmK-°n-S-°-bpsS kao-]Øv hnfn-
®n-cp-Øn, am¿ A_vZp≈m h∂m¬ D≠m-Im≥ CS-bp≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ
Ahsc [cn-∏n-®p. F¥p -h-∂mepw Ccp-hcpw Htc \ne-bn¬ H∂n®p
Xs∂ \n¬°-W-sa∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Imcyw a\-n-em-
°nb sIm®p-sa-Xm-®-∑m¿, hen-b-sa-Xm-®s‚ D]-tZiw inc-m-h-ln-
®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Dd∏p sImSp-Øp. AXv Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]c-kv]cw
Benw-K\w sNøn-®p. Xs‚ k`-bp-sSbpw kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw `mhn
Ah-cpsS ssII-fn¬ kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p≈ ]Xo-£-tbm-
Sp-IqSn am¿ tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm 1084 anYp\w
28-˛mw XobXn (1909) Imew sNbvXp. arX-i-cocw k`-bpw, PmXnbpw
hn[n-®n-´p≈ k¿∆-hn[ NS-ßp-I-tfm-Sp-IqsS ]nt‰-∂mƒ ]gbskan-
\mcn Nm∏-en¬ AS°w sNbvXp.''
50 B\-∏m∏n
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Cw•-≠nepw a‰pw t]mb-tijw
t_mws_-bn¬ C∂-Zn-hkw h∂p-tN-cp-sa∂ hnh-c-Øn\v Hcp Znhkw
Iºn h∂p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n, tIm\m´v a¬]m≥, C. Fw. nen∏v,
sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f, ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv IØ-\m¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿
]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\mbn t_mws_bv°v
t]mbn. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°pw ]cn-hm-c-߃°pw t_mws_-
bn¬ h∂-tijw Du´nbn¬ h®v aZmkv Kh¿Æ-dp-ambn A`n-ap-J-
Z¿i\w \S-tØ-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Atßm-´mWv t\sc t]mb-Xv.
]n∂oSv F√m-hcpwIqSn Ip∂w-Ip-fØv h∂p-tN¿∂p. A∂v sjm¿Æq¿
hsc amXta Xoh-≠n-∏mX D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-
°okv _mhmbpw sjm¿Æq¿ h∂n-dßn Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°v hcn-I-bm-
Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ipd-®p-\mƒ Ip∂w-Ip-fØv Xma-kn-®-tijw BtLm-j-
]q¿∆w tIm´bw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-
c-Øp- t]mbn almcmPm-hp-ambn IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øn-b-tijw ]gb
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn.
]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse Xma-k-°m-eØv ae-¶-c-k-`sb At¥ym-
Jy≥ kmam-PyØn-s‚ tImf-\n-bm°n `cn-°m-\p≈ ]mXn-b¿°o-
kns‚ D≈n-en-cp∏v Iptds» ]pd-Øp-h-cm≥ XpS-ßn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-
ta\n AXn\v hnLm-X-ambn \n¬°p∂p F∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv a\-
n-em-°n-b-tXmsS At±-lsØ iIm-cn-°m-\pw, apjn™v kwkm-cn-
°m\pw XpS-ßn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]q¿∆ sshcn-Iƒ Cu
]‰nb Ah-kcw apX-se-Sp-°m≥ th≠ Icp-°ƒ \o°n. CX-dn™v
saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A\p-Iq-en-Iƒ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v th≠
]n≥_ew sImSp-°m≥ apt∂m-´p- h-∂p.
cwKw AtXmsS NqSp-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. doØn¬ t]mb B¿®v
_nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv "Kncn-Zo]w' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ hc-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw A\-¥-c- kw-`-h-
ßsf°pdn®pw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv hcp∂
ImeØv ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv (B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-
tbm-kns‚ sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp∂ ImesØ t]cv) Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-
bnse G‰hpw hnZym-k-º-∂-\pw, ]K-¤-\p-amb sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v k`-bpsS F√m cwK-ß-fnepw ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ At±lw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. "Kncn-Zo-]-'Øn¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kpw, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-
\nbpw XΩn-ep-≠mb A`n-]mb hyXym-k-ß-fpsS hnh-c-߃ sImSp-
Øn-´p-≈Xv Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p (Kncn-Zo]w, t]Pv 9):
""]pcm-X\Imew apXte ae-¶-c-bn¬ Bflo-b-hpw, euIn-I-hp-amb
51B\-∏m∏n
hnj-b-ß-fn¬ k`m-`-cWw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv ae-¶-c-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-
∑m-cm-Wv. ioa-bn¬ \n∂p h∂ Nne ta¬]-´°m¿ `c-W-hn-jb-Øn¬
]th-in-°pI hgn-bmbn ]e Ipg-∏-߃°pw kwK-Xn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂-
Xn-\m¬ ae-¶c k`m-kw-_-‘-amb euInIImcy-ß-fn¬ ioa-sa-Xm-
∑m¿ ]th-in-®p-IqSm F∂pw, Bflob hnj-b-Øn¬ k`sb klm-
bn-∏m≥ amXta Ah¿°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≈p-sh∂pw Xocp-am-\-ap-≠m-bn.
1063-˛se tdmb¬ tIm¿´v hn[n t\m°n-bm¬ CXp ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xm-bn-cn-°pw. CXn-s\-Xn-cmbn ae-¶-c-k- -ta¬ euIn-Im-[n-Im-chpw Dƒ-
`c-Whpw X\n°v In´-W-sa∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm BK-ln-®p.
ap≥Im-eØv Hcp saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS euIn-
Im-[n-Imcw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\p-≈-Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v DS-ºSn sImSp-
Øn- n-s√-∂pw, Aßs\ Hcp \S-]-Sntb ChnsS D≠m-bn- n-s√∂pw Kln-
®n-cp∂ _mhm Ct∏m-gp≈ saXm-∑m¿ F√m-hcpw DS-ºSn Xc-W-
sa∂pw, Aßs\ Xcp-∂-h¿°v amXta taen¬ saXm≥ÿm\w \¬-
Ip-I-bp-≈p-sh∂pw I¬]n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. saXm≥ ÿm\m-`n-tjI
thf-bn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw ]men-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v kΩ-Xn®v hnip≤
aZv_-lm-bn¬ sh®v sImSp-°p∂ "i¬aqkm'bv°p ]pdsa apZ-∏-X-
Øn¬ FgpXn cPn-ÿ sNø-s∏-´n-´p≈ Hcp DS-ºSn IqSn thWw
F∂mWv _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \n¿_‘w F∂v hnti-jn®p ]d-
tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw, am¿
tkth-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw Cu Xc-Øn-ep≈ DS-º-Sn-Iƒ
Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-Øp. Cu DS-º-Sn-bpsS `hn-jyØv Fs¥∂v Kln®
am¿ Iqdn-temkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb `b∂v Ahn-S-hnsS Np‰n
k©-cn®p h∂n-cp-∂p. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Ahn-SpsØ kzcw H∂v
Db¿Øn. X¬£Ww, am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm \n¿±njvS
hmN-I-Øn¬ DS-º-Snbpw \¬In. CsX√mw I≠n´pw h´-t»-cn¬ am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbpsS ZrV-\n-›-b-Øn\v bmsXmcp
hyXn-N-e-\hpw D≠m-bn-√. F¥p-h-∂mepw icn, Aßs\ Hcp-S-ºSn
Xm≥ F-gp-Xp-I-bn-s√∂v At±lw i]Yw sNbvXp. ]e-hn-[-Ønepw
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb hiw-h-Z-\m-°p-hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ]cn-
i-an-®p. Ah-sbms° ^e-iq-\y-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-´-t∏mƒ ""F∂m¬
CXns‚ tZmj-^ew \n߃ A\p-`-hn-°pw. Du¿t«w Cuhm-\n-tbm-
kns‚ IY \n߃ Adn-™n-´p-≠t√m'' F∂ ]Z-߃ ]mXn-b¿°o-
kns‚ "Xncp-hm'-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏´v kap-Zm-b-saßpw apgßn.''
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb oj-Wn-s∏-SpØn cPn-ÿ DS-ºSn hmßp-
hm≥ hgn-bn-s√∂v I≠-t∏mƒ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb H‰-s∏-SpØn
52 B\-∏m∏n
kapZmb kzØp-°ƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ kqXw
]tbm-Kn®p XpS-ßn. Aflmb SÃn kn. sP. Ipcy-\pw, sshZnI SÃn
tIm\m´p amØ≥ a¬]m\pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSp tN¿∂p \n∂p.
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb HXp-°p-hm≥ th≠ Ffp-∏-h-gn-Iƒ ]mXn-
b¿°o-kn\v A∏-gt∏mƒ D]-tZ-in®p sImSp-°p-∂Xpw Ch-cm-bn-cp-∂p.
1086 CS-h- amkw 20- mw XobXntbmSp-IqSn A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv
_mhmbpw Ipsd A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xmh-f-ap-d-
∏n®p. Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-
eo-Øm, bqbm°ow dºm≥, HutK≥ dºm≥, ]mXn-b¿°okns‚
IqsS ioa-bn¬ \n∂v h∂ l∂m dºm≥, Gen-bmkv dºm≥, tIm\m v
a¬]m-\-®≥ F∂n-h¿ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-seØn ]e apdn-I-fn¬ Xma-
kn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Aßs\ ]gbskan-\mcn sI´n-S-Øns‚ Ingt°
`mKØv aq∂m-asØ \ne-bpw, ]Sn-™mdv `mKØv c≠m-asØ \ne-
bnse hSt° apdn-bpw, IΩn‰n amfnI F∂p hnfn-®p-h-cp∂ `mKhpw
]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-
\nbpw, a´-bv°¬ a¬]m-\-®-\pw, siΩm-i-∑mcpw Xma-kn-®p-h∂
Npcp°w- Nne apdn-I-sfm-gn®v an°- ap-dn-I-fp-sSbpw Xmt°m-ep-I-fpw,
ssIh-ihpw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS A[o-\-Øn-em-bn. ]kvapdn
F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ apdn-bpsS Xmt°mepw SÃn-am-cn¬ Hcm-fpsS
ssIh-i-am-bn. CXns\ XpS¿∂mWv skan-\mcn ka-cn-t°kv Bcw-`n-
®-Xv. CUv. Fw. ]mtd-´ns‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-
tkym-kns\ ""XSpØpIq´n -hmcn'' £W-Øn¬ ]pd-sØ-dn™v hnP-
bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp hgn Bbn-´mWv Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ Cu tIkns\
ho£n-®-sX-∂mWv [cn-t°-≠-Xv. ka-cn-t°-kn¬ hnPbw e`n-°p-∂-
Xn\v ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eoØmsb apS-°msX bmsXmcp \n¿∆m-l-hp-
an-s√∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]m¿iz-h¿Øn-
Ifpw Btem-Nn®v Dd-®p. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv h´-t»-cn¬
Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°n-b-Xv. ]gbskan-\mcn-bnse ASpØ apdn-bn¬
Xma-kn-°p∂ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ASn-b-¥n-c-Øn¬ A©¬
am¿§w apS-°p-I¬]\ Ab-bv°p-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. apS-°n\v apºv
sNtø-≠-Xmb bmsXmcp Imt\m-\nI \S-]-Snbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. ta¬-
]-´°mcpsS kp∂-l-tZm-kv IqSn saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS kam-[m\w
Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-√. Xnc-°p-]n-Sn®p sNbvX Hcp ]mgvthe-
bmbn apS°v Ah-km-\n-®p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ apS-°n-bm¬ ka-
cn-t°-kn¬ I£n-bmbn hmZn-°p-Ibpw tIkv \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xn\v Atbm-Ky-\mIpw Fs∂mcp ]Xo£ apS-°p-I¬]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-
hn® ImeØv ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\pw, ]m¿iz-h¿Øn-Iƒ°pw D≠m-bn-
53B\-∏m∏n
cp-∂p. ]t£ AsXm∂pw ^en-®n-√. ImcWw Ah¿°v th≠ Imcy-
hn-h-ctam \nbahnZym-`ym-ktam C√m-bn-cp-∂p.
h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n sImSp-Øn- p≈ samgn hmbn-
®m¬ ka-cn-t°-kn¬ KpWw In´m-\mbn ]mXn-b¿°okv sNbvX Hcp
ISpw-ssI-bmWv apS-°p-I¬]\ s]s´∂v FgpXn Ab-∏n-®-sX∂v a\-
n-em-°mw. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ anYp\w 30˛mw
XobXn C]-Imcw samgn sImSp-Øp:
""tNmZyw: 86-˛se tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-t°kv D≠m-Im≥ ImcWw
F¥mWv?
DØcw: skan-\m-cn-bpsS Fs‚ ssIhiw hnSp¿Øn 5˛Dw 6˛Dw
]Xn-Iƒ°v ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂p≈ Dt±iytØmSp-IqSn Ah¿
]h¿Øn-®-Xn-\m¬ D≠m-b-XmWv ka-cn-t°-kv. AXn-\m¬ Ah¿
BZy-ambn ]h¿Øn®Xv Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xns\ ]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-k-
cn®p ]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂v hnizm-k-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ A∂sØ skan-\mcn
amt\-P¿ a -bv°¬ a¬]ms\ amt\-P¿ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v Hgn®v thsdm-
cp-hs\ X¬ÿm-\Øv \nb-an-°m≥ ian-®-Xm-Wv. \nb-an-°m≥ ian-
®Xv tXm-akv F∂p t]cp≈ Ahn-SpsØ Hcp ssd´-sd-bm-Wv. B
ssd´¿ hgn-bmbn GXm\pw apdn-I-fpsS Xmt°m-epw, IW-°p-_p-°p-
Ifpw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn.
tijw saXm-∑m¿ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p cPn-ÿ DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-
s°m-Sp-Ø-]-Imcw Rm≥ DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°m-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv
Hcp apS°v I¬]\ F\n-°-b-®-Xv. F∂m¬ B kµ¿`-Øn¬ Ab-
bv°m-\p≈ ImcWw ka-cn-t°-knse I£n-h¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v Fs∂
Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn-´m-Wv.''
ka-cn-t°-kn\v KpWw In´m-\mbn apS-°p-X¥w D]-tbm-Kn®p F∂
Btcm-]Ww km[q-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv kn. sP. Ipcy≥ 1086 anYp\w
10˛\v tIm´bw Unhn-j≥ H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬
sImSpØ l¿Pn. AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ""Cu tInse FXn¿ l¿-Pn-
°m-cs\ ]mXn-b¿°okv CShw 27˛\v saXm≥ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v
\o°n. apS-°n-\m¬ H∂mw FXn¿I-£n-bpsS saXm≥ ÿm\w t]mbn-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu ka-cn-t°-kn¬ I£n-ÿm-\Øv h®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip∂p.''
\nb-a-Øns‚ F. _n. kn. Un. Adn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø-h-cpsS CØcw
Zp¿_-e-amb hmZ-sam∂pw tImSXn kzoI-cn-®n-√. apS-°p -aqew ]mXn-
54 B\-∏m∏n
b¿°okpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Dt±-in® ]tbm-P-\-sam∂pw AXp-sIm≠v
D≠m-bn-√. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb \njv]bmkw \njv]-`-\m-°p-
hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv sXmSp-Øp-hn´ apS-°m-Ip∂ _“mkvXw
e£yw ]ng®v A\-¥-amb hnlm-b-ns‚ \oen-a-bn¬ Fhn-sStbm
t]mbn Xpe-™p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ sImSpØ l¿Pn-bn-t∑¬ D≠mb
hn[n Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p: ""ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ ÿm\-
ap-dbv°v SÃn Bbn skan-\m-cn-bn-t∑¬ A[n-Imcw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-
cp∂ Bfns‚ saXm≥ÿm\w apS°v hgn \jvS-s∏-´-tXmsS SÃn
ÿm\hpw t]mbn, AXp-sIm≠v ka-cn-t°-kn¬ I£n-bmbn XpS-
cm≥ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v Ah-Im-i-an√ F∂pw At±-lsØ I£n-
ÿm-\-Øp-\n∂v \o°-W-sa-∂pap≈ At]£ tImSXn A\p-h-Zn-®n√.
ka-cn-t°-kn¬ hnhm-Z -hkvXp BcpsS ssIh-i-Øn-em-sW-∂mWv
Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xv. A√msX ssIhiw h®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ I£n-
Iƒ°p≈ Ah-Im-i-a-√. AXn-\m¬ l¿Pn-°m-cs‚ At]£ Cu
L´-Øn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn√ F∂v B l¿Pn sImSpØ
Znhkw Xs∂ aPn-kvtS‰v DØ-chv CSp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''
F©n-\o-b¿ sI. sI. Ipcp-hn-f, I≠-Øn¬ Cu∏≥ h°o¬, a´-
bv°¬ a¬]m≥ XpS-ßnb GXm\pw ]apJ km£n-Isf hnkvX-
cn®v, ka-cn-t°kv BZy- tIm-SXn hn[n 1087 Nnßw 19-˛\v ]Jym-]n-®p.
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n-®mWv aPn-kvtS‰v cmL-hm-
Nmcn Xo¿∏v I¬]n-®-Xv. ]mXn-b¿°okv `mKw apS-°n-eqsS hf¿Øn-
s°m-≠p-h∂ BIm-i-t°m´ AtXmsS XI¿∂p hoWp.
ka-cn-t°kv ImeØv ]gbskan-\m-cnbpw a‰pw tImS-Xn-bpsS A[o-
\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. aPn-kvtS‰v cmL-hm-Nm-cn-bpsS hn[n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ ]ns‰Znhkw hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v \S-Øn-
s°m-Sp-Øp. tIkns‚ Bcw`w hsc a‰v SÃn-Iƒ°pw Iq´-h-Imiw
F∂p≈ coXn-bn¬ ssIh-i-tam, A[n-Im-ctam D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂
k¶¬]w AtXmsS am™p-t]m-bn.
]Xn-Im-c-hn-j-Pzme G‰ tIm\m´v a¬]m-\pw, kn. sP. Ipcy\pw
aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ hn[n-bn-t∑¬ sslt°m¿´n¬ dnhnj≥ sImSp-Øp.
]mtd-´ns‚ ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ hmeyw \mev t]Pv 414-˛¬ \n∂v
GXm\pw hmN-I-߃ D≤-cn-°p-∂p: ""No^v PÃokv Fw. IrjvW≥
\mb¿, Fw. sI. cma-N-µ-dmhp F∂n-h¿ hmZw tI´v 1087 [\p 4˛\v
IogvtIm-S-Xn-bpsS PUvPvsa‚ v Aÿn-c-s∏-SpØn hn[n-®p. am¿ Zoh-
∂m-tkymkv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw siΩm-i-∑m-cpsS hnZym-
`ym-k-Øns‚ Npa-Xe hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v
55B\-∏m∏n
Iq´p-S-Ãn-am-cpsS ssIhiw C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂n-√. Ah¿ ]mXn-b¿-
°o-kn\v DS-ºSn sImSp-°p-Itbm B hn[-Øn¬ SÃn\v lm\n-I-c-
ambn ]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´n-√. Iq´p-S-Ãn-I-fpsS ssIh-isØ
l\n-°-Ø-°-hn[w saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v ssIh-i-ap-≈-Xm-bn-´√
Hm¿U-dn¬ ]d-™n- p-≈-Xv. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ssIhiw, SÃn\p
Iq´p SÃn-I-fpsS ssIh-isØ [zwk\w sNøp∂p F∂v A¿∞-am-
Ip-∂n-√. Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ°v skan-\m-cn-bn-t∑epw I¿Øhyw Ds≠∂v
sXfn-bn-°p∂ tcJ-Iƒ tIkn¬ D≠v.
""CXn¬ \ns∂√mw hcp-∂Xv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw, tIm SÃn
Iƒ°pw skan-\m-cn°p Iq´-h-Imiw Ds≠-∂mWv.''
Cu hn[n-tbmsS, XWpØp InS-∂n-cp∂ k`m-¥-co£w s]s´∂v
NqSmbn. ]mtd´v XpS-cp-∂p: ""shSn-a-cp-∂n¬ Xos∏mcn hogp∂ Xc-Øn-
ep≈ ^e-amWv sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS Cu hn[n -sIm≠v D≠m-b-Xv.
tIm SÃn-Iƒ°pw ssIh-i-tam, ssIh-im-h-Im-itam Ft¥m F√m-
ap-s≠∂v sslt°m-SXn Xocp-am-\n® £W-Øn¬ AXv ""G´n¬ \n∂v
]b-‰n-te°v'' sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\p SÃn-Iƒ Hcp-ßn. ka-cn-t°-kns‚
Bcw- -Øn¬ P]vXn sNbvXp tIm¿ -[o-\Øn¬ FSp-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv
ssIh-i-°m-c≥ F∂v I¬]n®p am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v \S-Øn-s°m-
Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXh F√mw X߃°pw ssIhiw Ds≠∂v ÿm]n-
°p-∂-Xn\v Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ ian-®p. kn. sP. Ipcys‚ A°c IpSpw-_-
Øns‚ kzm[o-\-h-e-b-Øn¬s∏´ `mKØv InS-°p∂ skan-\mcn ]pc-
bn-Shpw a‰pw ""ssIh-i-''s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p Ipsd Bfp-Isf \ntbm-
Kn-°m≥ A∂v sshjayw H∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ hcp-∂-hsc
_ew sIm≠p-Xs∂ XS-bp-∂-Xn\p ae-¶c kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw ]Wn
H∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ B≤ym-fln-I-tem-I-tØ-bv°p≈
]th-i\Zzmc-tam, Ahn-tSbv°v IS-°m-\p≈ am¿§w a‰p-≈-h¿°v
ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-hsc ]cnio-en-∏n°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tIµtam Bbn-
cp∂ ]gbskan-\mcn Hcp ka-c-cw-K-am-bn. Ccp-`m-K-°mcpw Ah-cpsS
Ah-Im-i-߃ _ew-sIm≠v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p ssI°-cp-Øp-≈-hsc
Ahn-tSbv°v \ntbm-Kn-®p.
56 B\-∏m∏n
V
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ASnskan-\m-cn-bnepw, AXn-t\mSp tN¿∂pInS-°p∂ hnim-e-amb
sXßn≥tXm-∏nepw X߃°pw Xpey-A-h-Im-iap-s≠∂v sXfnbn-
°m≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSv tN¿∂p-\n∂ Aflmb SÃn-bpw, sshZnI
SÃnbpw InW™v ]cn-iaw XpS-ßn. A∂v ]k-cn-∏p≈ Hcp bphm-
hm-bn-cp∂ CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v kz¥ A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬
ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ \memw hmey-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ncn-XsØ
sh√p∂ Hcp hnh-cWw a‰v B¿s°-¶nepw Fgp-Xm≥ ]‰ptam F∂v
tXm∂p-∂n-√. kap-Zmb cmjvSo-b-Øn¬ ASn-tbmfw B≠v apßn-°-
gn-™n-cp∂ ]mtd-´ns‚ hm°p-I-fpsS X∑-b-Xzhpw HmPpw H∂v
thsd -X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]mtd´v XpS¿∂v Fgp-Xp-∂p (t]Pv 415): ""skan-
\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ \n∂v tXßm CSp-hn®v ssIhiw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-
Xn\v GXm\pw ]c-h-cpw, Ah-cpsS tZl-c-£-bv°mbn \m´Iw sNdn-
bm≥ F∂ XSn-bs‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ipsd duUn-Ifpw Bbn, SÃn-
I-fpsS ]£sØ Hcp ]_-e≥ ao\w 16˛mw XobXn ]pd-s∏-´p. ]c-h-
cp-ambn h∂-h-tcmSv FXn¿°m≥ B \ne-bn¬ D≈-h¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-
Øm-bpsS ]£Øv At∏mƒ AhnsS lmP-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw
sImXp-In‚X hen-∏-ap≈ skan-\mcn amt\-P¿ a´-bv°¬ Ae-Ivk-
¥-tbmkv IØ-\m¿, Ah-tcmSv FXn-cn´p. At±-l-tØm-sSm-∂n®v
Ht∂m ct≠m siΩm-i-∑m¿ amX-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.''
amΩ≥ am∏nf
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v FXnsc A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Nne-
cpsS D]-tZ-i-]-Imcw ]tbm-Kn® Ip]-kn-≤-amb apS-°p-I¬]-\,
XpS¿∂p-≠mb kwL¿jm-hÿ, ]gbskan-\mcn-bnse kvt^mS-\m-
fl-I-amb ÿnXn-hn-ti-j-߃ F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-
f-bpsS ""PohnX kvac-W-I-fn¬'' khn-kvXcw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.
AXns‚ kwKlw NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.
Aß-s\-bn-cns° Hcp Znhkw, saXm≥ ]£sØ Hcp ]amWn
h∂v, A∂v Fs¥-¶nepw _l-f-ap-≠m-tb-°m-sa∂pw Rßfpw IqSn
]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂v Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂pw ]d-™p. ]ecpw
t]mIm≥ aSn-®p. Rm≥ t]mcm-sa∂pw ]d-™p. ]t£ Ahn-Sw- hsc
\S-°m≥ Fs∂-s°m≠v km[y-a-√. h≠n-°m-cm-sW-¶n¬ Pohs\
57B\-∏m∏n
amΩ≥ am∏nf h∂ ÿnXn°v C\n Chn-sS-\n∂v shfn-bn-te°v Fßpw
t]mI-≠. kq£n-°Ww'' F∂p ]d™v Fs∂ Z-ambn Hcp apdnbn¬
sIm≠p-sN-∂n-cp-Øn, Imh-en\p th≠ N´wsI´p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
F¶nepw Ipsd Ign-™-t∏mƒ Rm≥ B apdn-bn¬ \n∂v shfn-bn-en-
dßn, Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Aßp-anßpw CjvSw-t]mse \S-∂p.
B\-∏m-∏n-t°kv
Aßs\ Ccp-]-£-°mcpw _e-]-co£W- kw-L-´-\-Øn\p Xøm-
dmbn \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\n-S-bn¬ aZm-kn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Fs‚
A\p-P≥ sI. kn. Nmt°mbv°v £b-tcmKw IqSp-X-em-I-bm¬ Rm≥
Ipsd-\mƒ aZm-kn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ \m´n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ FXn¿
]£-°m¿ F\n°v Pohm-]mbw hcp-Øm≥ CS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂v
]n∂oSv tI´-dn-™p. _mhm ]£-°m-cpsS H∂mw \º¿ iXp h´-t»-
cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw c≠mw \º¿Im-c≥ Rm\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. at\m-
ca aptJ\ saXm≥]£-Øn\p ]Nm-c-Whpw kwL-S-\m-_-ehpw
Rm≥ \¬In-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p Ft∂m-Sp≈ ITn\ hntcm-[-Øn\p
ImcWw. F∂m¬ A∂sØ Fs‚ temI-]-cn-N-b-°p-d-hp-sImt≠m
Ft¥m, s]mXp-Im-cy- a-’-c-ß-fn¬ a\p-jys\ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂v
Rm≥ Atijw `mh\ sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. FXn¿ ]£-°m-cpsS
hntcm[w, kz¬]-am-bn-s´-¶nepw Ah¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv, F\n°v
A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp∂p Ft∂-bp-≈p.
Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ hgn-bn¬
sI. kn.
amΩ≥ am∏nf
t]Sn-®n´v, FX cq] Iqen sImSp-Ømepw
B hgn°v t]mIp-I-bn-√. A∂p sshIp-
t∂cw C°-Y-I-sfm∂pw Adn-hn-√mØ Hcp
Imf-h-≠n-°m-c≥ AhnsS t]mIm≥ Hcp
cq] Iqen tNmZn -®p. Aßs\ Rm≥
]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-se-Øn.
hfsc NqSp-]n-Sn® Hc-¥-co-£-amWv
AhnsS I≠-Xv. Xncp-ta-\n°v Fs∂ I≠-
t∏mƒ at\m-hn-j-a-amWv D≠m-b-Xv. Ahn-
Sp∂v Cßs\ tNmZn-®p. ""amΩ≥ am∏nf
F¥n-\mWv Ct∏mƒ Ctßm´p h∂Xv?
amΩ≥ am∏n-f-tbm-Sm-Wt√m Ah¿°v IqSp-
X¬ hg°v? F\n°v F¥pw h∂p-sIm-≈-
s´. AXp Rm≥ Iq´m-°p-∂n-√. GXm-bmepw
58 B\-∏m∏n
h®v AhnsS IqSn-\n-∂n-cp∂ FXn¿ ]£-°m¿ Fs∂ A]-am-\n-°m≥,
Fs‚ tZlØp sh≈w sXdn-∏n-®p. B kw`-hhpw Ipsd Ii-]n-i-
bp-≠m-°n.
_mhm-bp-sSbpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw tZl-c-£-bv°p-th-≠n
Ccp-Iq-´cpw Zqc-Zn-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂v Nnesc hcpØn Xma-kn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
_mhm ]£-°m-cpsS t\Xmhv Iam-ep-Zo≥ F∂ apl-Ω-Zo-b-\pw,
saXm≥ ]£sØ t\Xmhv Xncp-h-√m-°m-c-\mb ""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂
Hcp `oa-Im-b-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Cu B\-∏m-∏nsb ]n∂oSv FXn¿]-£-°m¿ Nne¿ IqSn sIm√p-
Ibpw, AXv ]t£m-`-P-\-I-amb tIm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p.
sIme-t°kv apdp-In-h-∂-t∏mƒ Iam-ep-Zo≥ \mSp-hn v Hfn-t®m-Sn-t∏mbn.
]n∂oSv Abmsf ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p ]nSn-°m≥ Bcpw ian-®n-√.
hfsc h¿jw Ign™v CSbv°v ct≠m aqt∂m ]mhiyw thj-
]-NvO-∂-\mbn Bcp-a-dn-bmsX Abmƒ tIm´-bØp h∂p-t]m-bn-´p-
s≠∂pw XZ-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ Xm≥ apºp sNbvX kml-k-ß-sf-∏‰n
cl-ky-ambn Nne am\y-∑m-tcmSv kΩ-Xn-®n- p-s≠∂pw tI´n- p-≠v. saXm-
t∏m-eo-Ømsb h[n-°m-\mbn Abmƒ GWn- h®v apdn-bn¬ Ib-dm≥
aq∂p XhW ian-®n-cp-∂p- t]m-epw. aq∂p Xh-Wbpw GWn hgp-Xn,
Abmƒ Xmsg hoWp-t]m-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv.
]gbskan-\mcn, ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ h´-t»-
cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, tIm\m´p a¬∏m≥, kn. sP. Ipcy≥ F∂o
aq∂p-t]cpw tN¿∂v ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS tPmbn‚ v SÃn-
I-fpsS ssIh-im-h-Im-i-Øn-em-sW∂v Hcp tImSXnhn[n apºp-≠m-
bn-´p-≠v. h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm apS-
°n-bXp \nanØw, SÃn ÿm\w _m°n-bp≈ c≠p t]cn-embn hn´p-
In-´Ww F∂v Ah¿ Hcp tIkv sImSp-Øp. ]t£ apS°p kzoI-cn-
°mØ Ime-tØm-fw, B apS°v Xs‚ SÃn ÿm\sØ _m[n-°p-
I-bn-s√-∂m-bn-cp∂p saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS hmZw. Cu X¿°-Øn¬
]gbskan-\mcn, SÃn-Iƒ aq∂p-t]cpw s]mXp-hmbn h®p-sIm-≈Ww
F∂m-bn-cp∂p hn[n. AX-\p-k-cn®v ]gbskan-\mcn bYm¿∞-Øn¬
ssIhiw hbv°p-∂Xv D`-b-I-£n-I-fpsS _em-_ew sIm≠v \n›-
bn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p- Iq-Sn.
Aß-s\-bn-cn-s°, Hcp Znhkw kn. sP. Ipcys‚ A\p-P≥,
A°sc sIm®p-]m∏n Ipsd BfpItfmSp-IqSn ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS
]Sn-™m-dp≈ sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ sN∂p tXß-bn-So-°m≥ XpS-ßn.
59B\-∏m∏n
skan-\m-cn-bpsS hS-°p-`m-K-Øp≈ FSp-∏n¬ amfn-I-ap-dn-bn¬ \n∂n-
cp∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ skan-\mcn amt\-P¿
a´-bv°¬ henb aev]m-\-®\pw CXp I≠p. Cu ssItb-‰sØ XS-
bm-\mbn a¬∏m-\-®≥ GI-\mbn t\sc -sN∂p tXß-bn-So-°-cp-sX∂v
hne-°n. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn A°q-´¿ a¬∏m-\-®s\ ]l-cn-°m≥
Bcw-`n-°p-IbmWv sNbvX-Xv. skan-\m-cn-bpsS sX°p-h-i-Øp≈
amfnI-bpsS CS-\m-gn-bn¬ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw tIm\m´p
a¬]m\pw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ \S-°p∂ ]lcw
t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. X\n-°p-th≠n a¬]m-\-®≥ ]lcw
G¬°p-∂Xp I≠v ""hcp-∂-Xp -h-c-s´, CXn-e-∏pdw C\n hcm-s\m-∂p-
an-√-t√m. GXm-bmepw Rm≥ Hcp ssI t\m°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-scs∂
sIm√p-am-bn-cn-°pw. sIm√-s´, AXn\p apºmbn Iqdn-temkv saXm-
t∏m-eo-Ø-msbbpw ]nSn®psIm-≠v Rm≥ X´ns‚ apI-fn¬ \n∂v Xmsg
NmSpw.'' Cßs\ Dd-®p-sIm≠v h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØm hÆhpw
\ofhpw D≈ Hcp hSn-sb-SpØv tIm\m´v a¬]m\pw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw
\n¬°p-∂-Xn\p ]pd-In-seØn. c≠p ssI sIm≠pw hSn B™p-
b¿Øn k¿∆-i-‡nbpw ]tbm-Kn®v tIm\m´v a¬]ms‚ ]pdØp
Xo¿sØm-cSn sImSp-Øp. tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ ITn-\-th-Z-\-sIm≠p ]pf-
™p-t]m-bn.
ASpØ £W-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Iq´cpw Xs∂ X√n-s°m-
∂p-I-f-bp-sa-∂mWv saXm-t∏m-eoØm ]Xo-£n-®-Xv. ]t£ Aß-
s\-b√ kw`-hn-®-Xv. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]nSn®p
XS-™p-sIm≠v ""Xncp-ta\n tIm]n-°-cpXv'' F∂p ]d-bp-I-bmWv D≠m-
b-Xv. tIm]m-hnjvT-\mb saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ipcys‚ t\sc Xncn-™v,
""\ns‚ Xncp-ta\n'' F∂p ]p—-`m-h-Øn¬ K¿÷n-®p-sIm≠v kn. sP.
Ipcys‚ ssIbv°v Hcp X´p- sIm-SpØv Cßs\ XpS¿∂p:
""Xm≥ AX acym-Z-°m-c-\m-sW-¶n¬ a¬]m-\-®s\ X√p∂ Xs‚
A\p-Ps\ BZyw Cßp Xncnsb hnfn-°q. F∂n´v am≤yÿyw
]dbmw.''
DSs\ kn. sP. Ipcy≥, ""FSm sIm®p-]m-∏n, Cßp-hcq'' F∂v
A\p-Ps\ Xncnsb hnfn-°p-Ibpw sIm®p-]m-∏nbpw Iq´p-Imcpw a¬∏m-
\-®s\ hn´p Xncnsb t]mcp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
_mhm˛sa-Xm-t∏m-eoØm I£n-°m¿ XΩn-ep≈ AI-a-]-k-‡-
amb a’-c-߃ aqØp-h∂v B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS h[-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-
I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. AXm-bn-cp∂p AI-a-]-c-º-c-bpsS aq¿≤-\y-L´w.
60 B\-∏m∏n
B Inan-\¬ tIkns‚ t¢i-߃ sIm≠pw _≤-∏m-Sp-IƒsIm≠pw
Imcy-߃ Ign-™-tXmsS AI-a-]-k-‡n-bpsS L´w Xmt\ ian®p.
]n∂o-S-h¿ knhn¬ tIkp-Iƒ°v t]mbn-´p-≈-tX-bp-≈p.
h´n-∏-W-t°kv
h´n-∏-W-t°-kns\ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v ]ecpw shdpw FÆm-bn-c-
Øn¬∏cw cq]-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Cu Hcp hg-°m-Wt√m kap-Zm-
bsØ \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂pw a‰pw ]d-bm-dp≠v. B XpI In´-W-sa-
∂p≈ ZrtV-—- am-X-amWv Cu \o≠ hg-°ns‚ ASn-ÿm\w F∂p
hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xp XnI®pw icn-bm-bn-cn-°n-√. h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬, kwJy-
tb-°mƒ ]m[m\yw I¬]n-®n-cp-∂Xv B ]Ww sI´n-hm-ßp-∂-Xn-\p≈
Ah-Im-i-Øn-\m-Wv. B Ah-Im-i-am-Is´, Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn c≠v
hn`mK-߃ XΩn¬ Bhn¿`-hn-®n-´p≈ hym]-I-ßfpw auen-I-ßfpw
_lp-ap-J-ß-fp-amb At\Iw ]iv\-ßsf Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp X¿°-
Øns‚ \n¿Æm-bI e£y-am-Wp- Xm-\pw. X¿°-hn-j-b-ß-fmb
kq£va-X-Xz-ß-fpsS ÿqe-k-t¶-X-ambn amXw h´n-∏-WsØ ]cn-K-
Wn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ icn. AXns‚ Pbm-]-P-b-߃ Ncn-
X-\n¿`-c-amb Hcp hnhm-Z-Øns‚ Pbm-]-P-b-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p. AXmWv bYm¿∞m-h-ÿ.
kn. sP. Ipcy\pw XXv]-£]-[m\nIfpw tN¿∂v A∂sØ
_n´ojv dkn-U-≠n\v Hcp \nth-Z\w ka¿∏n®p. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-
eoØm Bbn-cp∂ h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]mXn-b¿°okv
_mhm apS°n ÿm\-`-jvS-\m-°n-b-Xn-\m¬ am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-
t∏m-eo-Øm-bmWv Ct∏mƒ ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sb∂pw At±-
lhpw tIm\m´p a¬∏m\pw Xm\p-amWv bmt°m-_mb kap-Zm-b-Øns‚
SÃn-I-sf∂pw, B \nebv°v h´n-∏Ww Xßsf G¬∏n-°m≥ DØ-c-
hp-≠m-I-W-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p \nth-Z-\w. dkn-U≠v [zc, h´n-∏Ww kn.
sP. Ipcy\pw Iq´¿°pw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v DØ-c-hn- p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥
]Ww sI´n- hm-ßn. Cu hnhcw tI´-t∏mƒ Fs‚ k]vX-\m-Un-Ifpw
kvXw`n-®p-t]m-bn.
apºv am¿tØm-Ωm-°mcpw bmt°m-_m-b-°mcpw XΩn¬ h´n-∏-W-
Ø¿°-ap-≠mb-t∏mƒ, aZm-knse AUz-°‰v P\-depw hen-sbmcp
\nb-a-]-fin-X\pw AKm-[- _p-≤n-am-\p-am-bn-cp∂ `mjyw Aø-¶m¿
aZmkv Kh-s◊‚n\p \¬Inb hnZ-Kvt≤m-]-tZiw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p:
""CXn-s\-∏‰n knhn¬ tImSXn hn[n-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-h-sc, Kh-s◊‚ v
h´n-∏Ww Hcp knhn¬ tImS-Xn-bn¬ sI´n-h-®m¬ aXn.'' AX-\p-k-
61B\-∏m∏n
cn®p aZmkv Kh-s◊‚ v h´n-∏Ww sI´n-h-®p. tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Ah-
Im-i-hn-Nm-cW Ign-®-tijw, ]Ww bmt°m-_m-b-°m¿°v In´p-Ibm-
Wp-≠m-bXv.
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°n-hnSp∂
ZpxJ-I-c-amb ÿnXn Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw k`-bn¬ ]nf¿∏p-≠m-Im-Xn-
cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, saXm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\wHgn™v ]cp-ae skan-\m-
cn-bntem at‰m t]mbn kzÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Hcn-°¬ a≤y-
ÿ-∑m¿ \S-Ønb Hcp k‘n-kw-`m-j-W-at≤y kn. sP. Ipcy-t\mSv
]d-™-Xm-Wv. tIkn\p sNe-hm-°nb XpI Ipcy\p \¬Im-sa∂pw
saXm-®≥ kΩ-Xn-®p. CX-amXw hg-ßn-bn´pw kn. sP. Ipcy≥
Xncn™p \n∂v kuayX ssIsh-Sn™v Iucy-Øns‚ D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬
\n∂v D¤-hn°p∂ kzc-Øn¬ tNmZn-®p.
""A√m, CXbpw Rm≥ hfsc t¢in®p tIkv \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ
\n߃ a≤y-ÿ-∑m¿ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? Ct∏mƒ cmPn ]dbm≥
h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu cmPn B¿°p- th-Ww. Cu cmPn-bpsS Bhiyw
F¥mWv?''
a≤y-ÿ-∑m¿: ""Imcy-߃ wKn-bmbn Ah-km-\n-®p-sIm-≈s´ F∂p
Icp-Xn-bmWv cmPn°v DZy-an-®Xv.''
kn. sP. Ipcy≥: ""F¥n\p Imcy-߃ wKn-bmbn Ah-km-\n-°Ww?
Ah-c-h¿°p h∂p-tN-cp-∂ A\p-`-h-߃ Ah-c-h-c-\p-`-hn-°p-I-bmWv
G‰hpw `wKn. AXp-sIm≠v sslt°m-SXn hn[n-°-\p-k-cn®v Xs∂
Imcy-߃ \S-°s´.''
]mtd´v XpS-cp-∂p (\memw hmeyw, t]Pv 418-): skan-\m-cn-bnse
kvt^mS-\m-h-ÿ. a´-bv°¬ a¬]ms\ ""FSp-Øp-am‰n'' tXßm CSp-
hn®p ssIhiw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p \S-Ønb ia-hpw, tIm\m´p a¬]m\p
In´nb kΩm-\hpw A¥-co-£sØ A·n-]¿∆X Kplbv°p Xpeyw
NqSm-°n. skan-\mcn ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ Hcp ka-c-Øns‚ ]XoXn D≠m-
hm≥ ]n∂oSv Xmakw D≠m-bn-√. saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ ]tXyI I¿Ø-hyw- ˛ -a‰p c≠p SÃn-I-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬
I¿Ø-hyw -˛ -D-s≠∂v aPn-kvtS‰v Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°m≥ CS-bm-b-Xv
siΩm-i-∑m¿°v A`y-k\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ "skan-\mcn' AhnsS
\S-Øn-h-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tXßm Cd°n tXm∏p ssIh-i-s∏-
Sp-Øm≥ ]pd-s∏´ \m´Iw sNdn-bms\ Hcp siΩm-i≥ ASn®p hogvØn.
B kwL-tØmSv FXn¿Ø a´-bv°¬ a¬]m\p siΩm-i-∑m¿
]n≥_ew sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. Cu c≠v A\p-`-h-߃ skan-\m-cn-bnse
62 B\-∏m∏n
sshZn-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw \n¿Ø¬ sNøn-°p-∂-Xn\p ian-°m≥ saXm-
t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ]Xn-]-£sØ t]cn-∏n-®p. A]-P-b-Øn¬ Ah-km-
\n® tXßmCd-°p -iaw \S-∂-Xns‚ c≠mw Znhkw cmXn-bn¬
]Øncp-]-Ø©v duUn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqSn-bm-´hpw tImem-l-
e-hp-ambn FØn. siΩm-i-∑m-cpsS apdn-bn-te°v I√pw aÆpw hmcn
Fdn-bp-I-bpw, NoØ ]d-™pw, Ahsc IjWw Ij-W-ambn \pdp-
°p-sa∂v A -l-kn®pw hnc- p-∂-Xn\p ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. siΩmi-
∑m-c-n¬ amXta CXns‚ ]Xym-LmXw D≠m-bn-°qSq F∂n-√-t√m.
A¿≤-cm-Xn-bnse tImem-lew ]nt‰-∂mƒ henb H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°n.
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb tZtlm-]-Zhw G¬]n-°m≥ i-an®p Ft∂m,
G¬]n®p Ft∂m hm¿Ø ]c-∂p. A∂p tIm´-bsØ t]meokv
C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Iqkv Fs∂mcp ]d¶n Bbn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eo-
Ømbv°pw SÃn-Iƒ°pw skan-\mcn ssIh-i-ap-s≠-∂p≈ sslt°m-
S-Xn-bpsS hnNn-X-X-c-amb A`n-]m-b-]-I-S-\sØ XpS¿∂p-≠m-btXm,
D≠m-°n-btXm Bb kwL¿jm-h-ÿsb ]gn-Nmcn kam-[m-\-
ewL\w Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn tIm -bsØ ]≈n-Iƒ F√mw k¿°m¿
AS-®p-]q-´n. ]gbskan-\mcn Nm∏¬ ao\w 8˛mw XobXn AS-∏n®p.
t\mºp-Im-eØv I¿Ω-߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p kuI-cy-an-√msX hcp-
tºmƒ saXm-t∏m-eoØm ÿewhn´p -s]m-bvs°m≈pw F∂p≈ ]Xo-
£-bn-emWv kn. sP. Ipcy≥ kzm[o\w sNepØn ]≈n-Iƒ ]q´n-
®Xv F∂m-bn-cp∂p saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ]£-Øp-≈-h¿ hniz-kn-
®-Xv. ]≈n-Iƒ ]q´p-∂-Xn\v CS-h-c-Ø-°-hn[w aPn-kvtS-‰n\p dnt∏m¿ v
ka¿∏n® t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Iqns\ tIm SÃn-Iƒ hne-
bv°p-hmßn F∂v s]mXpth A`n-]m-b-ap-≠m-bn. skan-\mcn Nm∏¬
AS-®-Xpw, siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw skan-\mcnhmkn-I-sfbpw duUn-Iƒ
cmXn-Im-eØv sN∂v `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw, Ie-i-emb P\-tcm-j-
Øn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw kap-Zm-bm-`n-am-
\n-Iƒ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn-Øp-S-ßn. A¥-co£w IqSp-X¬
IqSp-X¬ NqSm-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. B\-∏m∏n sIme-t°-kn¬ 19-˛mw
km£n-bmbn Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sImSpØ samgn-bn¬
A∂sØ AXn-I-ep-j-amb ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ icn°v ]Xn-^-en-°p-
∂p-≠v. B samgn-bn¬ \n∂v Ipd®p Xmsg tN¿°p∂p: ""Ign™
Ipw`w 18-˛mw XobXn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v Hcp ASnIe-i-ep-≠m-bn.
AXn¬ Ft∂-°qSn D]-Z-hn®p F∂pw taen¬ Fs∂bpw a‰pw D]-Z-
hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Hcp tIƒhn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. CXns‚ hmkvX-
h-ÿnXn Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]e ]≈n-°mcpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬
h∂p. \S∂ Imcy-߃ Ah¿ tNmZn-®-dn-™p. taen¬ A]-Imcw
63B\-∏m∏n
D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Fs‚ tZl-c-£bv°pw GXm\pw Bfp-Isf
Ab-bv°-W-sa∂v Ah¿ IqSn \n›-bn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v Fs‚bpw
a‰pw tZl-c-£bv°v ]≈n-°m¿ Bfp-Isf Ab®p. Aßs\ ]Øp
]¥≠v ]≈n-°m¿ Ab-®n-´p-≠v. ]pXp-∏-≈n, hmI-Øm-\w, Ipdn-®n,
a√-∏-≈n, sNß-∂q¿, B\n-°m-Sv, amth-en-°-c, \nc-Ww, Xncp-h√m
Cß-s\-bp≈ ]≈n-°m-cmWv Bfp-Isf Ab-®-Xv. tZl-c-£-°m¿
AhnsS D≈-Xp-sIm≠v AI-a-߃ \S-°m-Xn-cn-°-bm-sW∂v F\n°v
tXm∂n-bn- p-≠v. tZl-c-£-°m¿ Cs√-¶n¬ Nne AI-a-߃ \S-t∂s\
F∂pw tXm∂n-bn- p≠v. taØ-∑m-cm-sW∂v H‰- Im-gvN- sIm≠v tXm∂nb
Nne¿ Fs‚ t\¿°v h∂n-´p-≠v. Rm≥ Hgn-™p-amdn t]mbn-´p-ap-≠v.
hcm-¥-bn¬ IqSn Rm≥ \S-°p-tºmƒ Ch¿ Fs‚ t\¿°v Hgn-™p-
am-dmsX \S-∂p-h-∂n-´p-≠v. am\sØ `b∂p Rm≥ amdn-t∏m-bn-´p-≠v.
taØ-∑m-cpw, tNmh-∑m-cpw, am∏n-f-amcpw Iq´w-IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p
XpS-ßn-bXv IrXy-Zn-h-k-Øn\v Dt±iw ]Øp- Zn-hkw apºm-Wv. Ah-
cn¬ an°-t]-cpsS ssIbnepw Ipdp-h-Sn-Ifpw ImWpw. h∂n-´p≈ am∏n-
f-am-cn¬ I´-∏p-dØv tXma-kv, A°c ]m∏≥, ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨,
skan-\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Ip´≥, A\n-b≥ sNdn-bm≥, sXmI-e≥
ho´p-Im-c≥ Hcp sIm®≥, \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ CXbpw Bfp-Isf
amXta Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bp-≈p. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-I-fn¬ Rm≥
Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ (sk-an-\mcn ]d-
ºn¬ Ip´-\pw, sNdn-bm-\pw) AhnsS Bƒ°q-´-ambn hcp∂ Iq´-Øn-
ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n- p-≈-h-cm-Wv. Ch-cpsS ssIbn¬ Ipdp-h-Snbpw a‰pw D≠m-
bn-cpt∂m F∂v Xo¿®-bmbn ]d-bm≥ Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Bcp-sS-sb√mw
ssIh-i-amWv Bbp-[-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-∂-dn-hn-√. F∂m¬ ]m∏s‚
(A°-c) ssIh-i-am-Wv hSn-hmƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CuhI Bƒ°q´w
IqSn AhnsS \n∂v NoØ-hm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-I-bpw, AhnsS Hs° Ibdn
Ccn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. ]ns∂ Hmtcm Iem]w
D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Rm≥ hnfn®p tNmZn-°pw. At∏mƒ CuhI Bfp-
Iƒ siΩm-i-∑msc `b-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-∂pw, Ah-cpsS apdn-bn¬ aÆp-
hmcn Fdn™p F∂pw a‰p-≈-hsc `b-s∏-SpØn F∂pw Adn-™n-
´p≠v. Rm≥ Nne D]-Z-h-߃ A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. 11-˛mw ]Xn sNdn-
bm≥ Rm≥ \S-°p∂ hcm-¥-bn¬ Fs∂ I≠n√ F∂p≈ `mhw
\Sn-®p- tI-dnCcp∂v F\n°v \S-°p-∂-Xn\v Aku-I-cy-ap-≠m-°n-bn-
´p≠v. taØ-∑mcpw tNmh-∑mcpw XmgsØ \ne-bn¬ [n°m-c-]-hr-Øn-
Iƒ \S-Øn-b-X-√msX Rm\n-cn-°p∂ c≠m-asØ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥
ap≥]-d™ Hcn-°-e-√msX Fs‚ t\¿°p h∂-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂n-√.
Rm\n-cn-°p∂ apdn-bpsS ]Sn-™msd hcm-¥-bn-te°v Cd-ßm-\p≈
64 B\-∏m∏n
hmXn-en\p ]pd-Øp-\n∂p Ip‰n-bn´p Xpd-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Xm°n c≠p
]mh-iyw. A°c ]m∏≥ Hcn-°¬ h∂v tIm]-tØm-sS, "F∂mepw
h√-Xp-sams° Ignbpw' F∂v ]d-™p-t]m-bn. ... Rßsf `b-s∏-
SpØn Fs∂bpw siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw a‰pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-
°n, skan-\m-cnbpw ]pc-bn-Shpw Iqdn-temkv saXms\ G¬]n-®p-sIm-
Sp-°-W-sa∂v kn. sP. Ipcy\pw .... Btem-N\ \S-Øn-b-Xns‚ ^e-
ambn Bfp-Iƒ tiJ-c-ambn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Cu hn[w sNbvXp
F∂m-sWs‚ Adn-hv. tIm\m-´p- a¬]m≥ Ipw`w 18˛\p tijw skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-´n-s√-¶nepw Abm-fpsS Btem-N-\bpw IqsS Ds≠-
∂m-sWs‚ hnizm-kw. ... taØ-∑m¿ aW-∏p-dØp I™n-h-®p- Ip-Sn-
®p-sIm≠v skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcp∂p F∂mWv tI´n-´p-≈-Xv. skan-\mcn
kw_-‘n®v Hcp ka-cn-t°kv D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXnse DØ-c-h-\p-k-
cn®v skan-\m-cnbpw a‰pw tIm¿´n¬ \n∂p F\n°v ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn
X∂n-´p≠v.''
]mtd v XpS¿∂v Fgp-Xp-∂p (t]Pv 422): ""ka-cn-t°-kn¬s]´ skan-
\mcnsbbpw a‰pw kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bv°pw,
Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ°pw ssIh-im-[n-Imcw Xpey-am-sW∂p sslt°m-SXn
1087 Nnßw 19˛mw XobXn saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n®p
ka-cn-t°-kn¬ aPn-kvtS‰v Xo¿∏v I¬]n-°p-Ibpw ]ns‰-Zn-hkw skan-
\m-cnbpw a‰pw At±-l-Øn\p ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ°v sshcm-Ky-ap-≠m-bn. ]‰nb sX‰v
GXp-X-c-Øn-se-¶nepw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p k¿∆- I-gn-hp-Ifpw hn\n-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿ Hcpßn Cd-ßn.
AXns‚ ^e-ambn skan-\mcn ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ kwL¿jm-h-
ÿbpw ]e ]e Iem-]-ßfpw D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm≠pw
^ew D≠m-bn-√. tXßm Cd°n tXm∏v ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ iaw
t]mepw icn°pw en-°msX h∂-Xn¬ \ncm-i-s∏´p ]n≥am-dp-I-b√,
iaw IqSp-X¬ Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. saXm-t∏m-
eo-Ømsb ImWp-∂-Xn-t\m, skan-\m-cn-bnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ Bcm-
bp-∂-Xnt\m skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v t]mIp-∂-h¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS
A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-sW-∂-dn-™m¬ iey-s∏-Sp-ØpI ]Xn-hm-bn-Øo¿∂p.
Fw.Un. skan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-bn-cp∂ mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kns\
Hcp Znhkw Nne duUn-Iƒ XS™p h≠nbn¬ \n∂v ]nSn-®n-d-°nbpw,
Ip∏mbw Ducn-°m≥ ian-°p-Ibpw D≠m-bn. At±-l-Øns‚ ssIhi-
ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ hSn Ah¿ ]nSn®p ]dn-®p. duUn-I-fpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-
cp∂ \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ AhnsS FØp-Ibpw Ahs\ t\cn-´-dn-bm-
65B\-∏m∏n
hp∂ sNdnbaT-Øn¬ IØ-\m¿ h≠n-bn¬ Ds≠∂v ImWp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ahs‚ B⁄-]-Imcw duUn-Iƒ ]n≥hm-ßn. F¥pw
kw`-hn-°m-hp∂ Hcp \ne-bm-bn-cp-∂p AhnsS D≠m-b-sX∂v At±lw
""Kncn-Zo-]''-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v (Kn-cn-Zo-]w, t]Pv 29-˛31).
GXp-X-c-Øn-se-¶nepw tIm SÃn-I-fpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-
Xn-\p≈ iaw D®-Øn¬ FØn-bXv B\-∏m∏ns°me-bn¬ Bbn-cp∂p.
B alm-a-√s\ IpcpXn Ign-®-tXmsS F¥p-sImt≠m Ien Cd-ßn.
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Ic-_ew sIm≠v ]dn-s®-dn™v skan-\mcn
ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p \S-Ønb iaw HXp-ßn.
66 B\-∏m∏n
VI
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\sc]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\pw, kn¬_-‘n-Iƒ°pw, IÆn¬ I≠p-Iq-SmØ
apJy-iXp ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmb h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv BsW∂v Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-Iƒ CXn-\Iw sXfn-
bn®p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. alm-ta-cp-t]mse, ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s‚-bpw, tIm -
S-Ãn-I-fp-sSbpw CwKn-X-Øn\p hnLv\w krjvSn® B lna-]¿∆-XsØ
Fßs\ t`Zn-°m-sa-∂mbn iXp-]-£-Øns‚ ][m\ Nn¥. ]mtd´v
B `mKw hfsc X∑-b-Xz-tØmsS ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ \memw
hmeyw t]Pv 423 apX-ep≈ `mK-ß-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. B
hnh-cWw Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p:
""A_vZp-≈m-bpsS A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p hne-ßp-X-Sn-bmbn
\n¬°p-∂-Xpw, tIm˛-S-Ãn-I-fpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
]Xn-_-‘hpw "Hcp H‰-ØSn' amX-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v B "XSn' X´n-am‰p-
∂-Xn-\pw- ˛ -Zo-h-∂m-tkym-kns\ h[n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw -˛ -i-a-߃ \S∂p
F∂pw At±lw A¤p-X-I-camwhn[w c£n-°-s∏´p F∂pw ]d-b-
s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. saXm-t∏m-eoØm Xma-kn®ph∂ skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]Sn-
™msdsI´ns‚ c≠mw \ne-bn¬ hSt° apdn-bn¬ tKmhWn hgn
tIdm≥ Xm≥ ]e ]mhiyw ian®p F∂pw, apI-fn¬ FØn P\¬-
]. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n
]Sn-bn¬ ]nSn®p Ign-™-tijw,
Btcm Zqc-tØbv°v hen-s®-dn-
bp∂ A\p -` -h -amWv D≠m-b -
sX∂pw, B hn[w kw`-hn-®n-√m-bn-
cp∂p F¶n¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
bpsS IY Xm≥ Ign-°p-am-bn-cp∂p
F∂pw B\-∏m-∏n-t°-kn¬ H∂mw-
]Xn Bbn-cp∂ Iam-ep-Zo≥, Poh-
] -cy¥w in£ A\p -` -hn®p
Pbn-¬ hnap-‡-\mbn h∂-tijw
]e-tcmSpw ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
`n£m-S-\-Øn\v ˛ A¬]w am\y-
amb \ne-bn¬ F∂p-h-bv°p-I- ˛ -
C-d-ßnb B a\p-jy≥ IqSp-X¬
klmbw In´p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n sI´n-
67B\-∏m∏n
®-a® IY-bm-Wn-sX∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v. F∂m¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-
tkymkv CXns\ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p- Xs∂ ]d-bmw. At±lw
hni-Z-hnh-c-߃ Xcm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ]dbmw
F∂v Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. At±lw 1094 Xpemw 9˛\v h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬
sImSpØ samgn-bn¬ ImWp-∂p. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚
A[n-Im-c-Imw£-tbmSv FXn¿Ø kap-Zm-bmw-K-߃°v Hcp ta¬]-´-
°m-c≥ C√msX h∂m¬ F√m-hcpw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BK-l-
߃°p hgns∏´p-sIm-≈p-sa-∂p≈ hnNm-c-tØmsS FXn¿`m-K-°m¿
Fs‚ Poh-lm\n hcp-Øp-hm≥ ian-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn (h´n-∏-W-t°kv
samgn t]Pv 1195).
tNmZyw: Ahn-SpsØ Poh-lm\n hcp-Øp-hm≥ ian-°p-I-bp-≠mbn
F∂p ]d-™Xv GXm-≠n¬, GXv amk-Øn-em-Wv?
DØcw: ka-cn-t°kv apX¬ A_vZpƒ aninlm ]mXn-b¿°okv
h∂p thsd Nne saXm-∑m¿°p IqSn ÿm\w sImSp-Ø-Xp- hsc
F∂-√msX amkhpw Xob-Xnbpw ]d-bm≥ ]bm-kw.
tNmZyw: Cu ]d™ Ime-Øn-\n-Sbv°v FX -Zn-hkw Ahn-SpsØ
Poh-lm\n hcp-Øp-hm≥ ian-°-bp-≠mbn?
DØcw: Hcp ]mh-iysØ ia-Øn¬ F\n°v Imh-embn \nb-
an® Hcp the-°m-c≥ sIm√-s∏-´p. thsdmcp ka-bw. Rm≥ InS-∂n-
cp∂ apdn-bpsS P\¬hmXn¬°¬ IqSn BfpIƒ tKmhWn h®p
AIØp Ib-dp-hm≥ ian-®-t∏mƒ Nne¿ tKmh-Wn-bn¬ \n∂p Xmsg
hoW-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ XncnsI s]mbv°-f-™-Xmbpw Adn-hp-≠v. Rm≥
Xma-kn-°p∂ skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Bcpw hcm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ th≠n hgn-
I-fn¬ Bfp-Isf \ndpØn; hcp-∂-hsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-Z-hn-∏n-®n-
´p-≠v (h´n-∏-W-t°kv samgn, t]Pv 1216˛1217).
am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (aq∂mw ImtXm-en-°m), bqbm°nw am¿ Cuhm-
\n-tbm-kv, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv (c≠mw ImtXm-en-°m) F∂n-hsc
saXm-∑m-cmbn hmgn-®Xv ""Fs‚ Poh\v lm\n hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
Hcp am¿§-am-bn´p IqSn-bmWv Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv'' F∂v am¿ Zoh-
∂m-tkymkv 1094 I∂n 22-˛mw XobXn h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ samgn
sImSpØp (t]Pv 1143).
sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-fbpw Cu h[-i-asØ ÿnco-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
Iam-ep-Zo≥ Xm≥ sNbvX Nne AI-a-]-hr-Øn-I-sf-∏‰n Nne am\y-
∑m-tcmSv kΩ-Xn®v G‰p-]-d-™n-´p-≠v. AXn-sem∂p h´-t»-cn¬
68 B\-∏m∏n
saXmt∏m-eo-Ømsb h[n-°m≥ sNbvX ia-am-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-
eoØm Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ apdn-bn¬ tIdm≥ Abmƒ c≠p-aq∂p ]mhiyw
`nØn-bn¬ tKmhWn Nmcn- h®p ]cn-i-an®p t\m°n F¶nepw Ft¥m
ssZhn-I-i-‡n-bpsS ]mXn-Iqeyw sIms≠-∂-t]mse At∏m-sg√mw
tKmhWn hgpXn Xmsg hoWp-t]m-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv (a-t\m-ca BgvN-
∏-Xn-∏v, HIvtSm-_¿ 27, 1956).
B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv "Kncn-Zo-]-'Øn¬ At±lw h´-
t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tZl-c-£bv°v Xncp-ta\n Adn-bmsX sNbvXn-
cp∂ Nne N´-h-´-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. Kncn-Zo]w t]Pv
14˛¬ \n∂v: ""saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ch-sb-∏‰n Ct∏mgpw hf-sc-sbm∂pw
Adn-™p-Im-Wp-I-bn-√m-bn-cn-°-Ww. a‰p-≈-h¿ Ahn-SpsØ Poh-
c£sb IcpXn sNbvXp-h∂ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw Aß-s\-
Xs∂. C°m-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At±-l-tØmSv Bcv DW¿Øn-°p-hm-
\mWv? Ahn-Sp∂p I´n-en¬ Ib-dn-°n-S-∂m-ep-S≥ \ni-_vZ-ambn
]kvXpX apdnbpsS ]pd-Øp≈ hcm-¥-bn¬ F∂pw InS-°-Ø-°-
hÆw \mw Nnesc G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-sXm∂pw A-hn-Sp∂p tI´nt´
D≠m-bn-cn-°-bn√.''
ka-cn-t°kv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn, N´-ºn-
I-fpsS Bhm-k-cw-K-am-sb∂v h´n-∏-W-t°knse hnhn[ km£n-I-
fpsS samgnIƒ hmbn-®m¬ a\-n-em-°mw. "Kncn-Zo-]-'Ønepw B
Imcyw FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≠v (t]Pv 14): ""]kvXpX ka-cn-t°kv
\S-∂p-sIm-≠ncp∂-t∏m-gsØ hmkvX-h-I-Y-Iƒ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-
∂Xv AXy¥w e÷m-I-c-am-bn-´p-≈-X-tX. Ncn-X-]-kn-≤hpw kap-
Zm-bm-`n-am-\-kvXw-`-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ eme-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb ]gb
skan-\mcn N´-ºn-I-fpsS BK-a-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn Fs¥mcp ]mIr-X-
thjsØ ssIs°m-≠p-sh∂v hnNm-cn-°pI \Ω-m¬ iIy-am-bn-´p-≈-
X-√. A°m-eØv am¿ Zoh-∂-mtkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbpsS Pohs\
e£yw h®p ]eXcw hnIn-b-Iƒ \S-Ø-s∏´ At\Iw cmXn-Iƒ
Ign-™p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v. skan-\mcn sI´n-S-Øns‚ c≠mw \ne-bn-ep≈
hS-°p-h-isØ apdn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n \n¿_m[w Dd-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°sh,
]kvXpX apdn-bpsS ]pdØv apf-t¶m-hWn sh®v P\¬hgn AIØp
]th-in-∏m≥ ]e-t∏mgpw N´-ºn-Iƒ ian-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw,
XZ-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ H∂p-In¬ tKmhWn sX‰n-t∏m-Ip-I-tbm, As√-¶n¬
Ib-dnb Bƒ°v Xe-Np-‰¬ D≠m-hp-Itbm sNbvI-bm¬ amXw
Dt±iyw \nh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw tIƒ°p-tºmƒ hmb-\-°m-
¿°v lrZ-b-kv]-µ\w IqSp-X-embn tXm∂p-∂n-√tbm?''
69B\-∏m∏n
Hcp ]apJ ZrIvkm£n
]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse kwL-´\Øn-te°p \bn® kwL¿j-sØ-
∏‰n 1909- ¬ ]mtd v amXyqkv siΩm-i≥ (]n-∂oSv amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-
\n-tbm-kv) Xs‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xpw clky kz`m-h-ap-
≈-Xp-amb Ipdn-∏mWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv.
1920 Pq¨ 7˛\v ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-
Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn¬ \n∂mWv siΩm-i≥ sshZn-I-]´w kzoI-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. A∂sØ (1909˛se) kvt^mS-\m-fl-I-amb k`m-¥-co-£-
sØ-∏‰n ]mtd´v amXyqkv siΩm-i≥ kz¥w Ub-dn-bn¬ Cßs\
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p: ""A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX Zoh-∂m-tkymkv, Iqdn-
tem-kv, …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv apX-emb ]pXnb ta¬]-´-
°m¿ h∂p. butk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A¥-cn-®p. am¿ Iqdn-
tem-kv, tIm\m´p a¬]m≥, kn. sP. Ipcy≥ apX-em-b-h¿ Hcp ]£-
ambpw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv, tPm¨ h°o¬, Ipcp-hnf F≥Pn-\o-
b¿, Nmt°m kq]≠v apX-emb amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-°m-cn¬ `qcn-]-
£hpw FXn¿`m-K-ambpw \n∂p. kap-Zm-b-h-g°pw tIkpw Bcw-`n®p.
Cu KUp-hn¬ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okpw h∂p. tIkns‚ Bh-
iy-Øn-te°v A_vZp-≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kv, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\
apS-°n. ae-¶ck`-bv°p-ta¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p euInI A[n-Imcw
Cs√-∂p≈ hn[n-bpsS i‡n \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p ta¬]-´-°m-tcmSpw
]≈n-°m-tcmSpw euIn-Im-[n-Imcw kΩ-Xn®v cPn-ÿ DS-ºSn hmßn-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]mXn-b¿°okpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw sNbvX-Xv. AXn-
t\mSv FXn¿Øp-\n∂ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ apS-°n. apS-°n-\p-
tijw H∂p-c≠p ka-cn-t°-kp-Iƒ ]gbskan-\mcn kw_-‘n-®p-
≠mbn. tIkp -sIm≠v ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-
°msX h∂-t∏mƒ, _e-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p iaw \S∂p.
B Ime-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ ]e ]mhiyw Bfp-I-fp-ambn t]mIp-Itbm
AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp. B ImeØv hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ dn°m-
¿Up-Iƒ, ]pkvX-I-߃ F∂nh ]e-t∏m-gmbn ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Ko-
kn-t\bpw, kz¿Æ-h-Sn, tamXn-c-߃, kz¿Æ-°-´n-Iƒ, cXv\-߃ apX-
em-bh Ft∂bpw saXm-®≥ G¬]n-®p. B IqsS Hcp ]mbv°‰pw
Fs∂ G¬∏n®p. AXns‚ D≈-S°w F¥m-sW∂v A∂v Adn-bp-
hm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. Hcp temwKv Ih-dns‚ hen-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IS-
em-kp-sIm≠v s]mXn-™p-sI´n Ac-°p-apZ h®n-cp-∂p. AXv G¬∏n-
®n-´p-s≠∂v Bcpw Adn-b-cp-sX∂pw AXv Fs‚ Ip¿∫m-\-s∏-´n-bn¬
h®v kq£n-®p-sIm-≈-W-sa∂pw ]d-™n-cp-∂p. ]ns∂ Hcn-°¬ B
70 B\-∏m∏n
s]mXn-s°´v F¥p sNø-W-sa∂v tNmZn-®p. Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-hsc
Ft∂mSv AtX-∏‰n H∂pw ]d-tb≠ F∂p ]d-™p. kndn-bm-bn°p
kam-[m\ Btem-N\bv°p At±lw t]mb -k-a-bw, I¬]\
sImSpØv Bfn-s\ -hn´v B s]mXn-s°´v hmßn-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. ]gb
skan-\mcn ssIh-i-am-bn, hg°v H´p -im-¥-am-b-Xn-\p-tijw kz¿Æ-
h-Sn, tamXn-c-߃ apX-em-bh Hmtcm-∂mbn Xncn®v G¬∏n®p.''
71B\-∏m∏n
VII
]m∏n-bpsS cwK-]-thiwh´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tZl-c-£bv°v ]Øp-]-¥≠v ]≈n-
°m¿ Bfp-Isf Ab®p F∂v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS samgn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-
≠-t√m. A]-Imcw Xncp-h-√-bn¬ \n∂p h∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p B\-
∏m∏n F∂v hnfn-®p-h∂ h¿°n h¿Ko-kv. 35 hbkv ]mbw. Ccp-ºn≥
IpSw t]mse-bp≈ tZlw. AXn-s\mØ a\-°-cp-Øpw. Cu Bsf
^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv apJm-¥cw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw
Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
""Fs‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂v e`n® hn⁄m-\-Øn¬ \n∂v
]d-bp-I-bm-Wv, acn-®p-t]mb ]m∏n-sb-t∏mse ico-c-]p-jvSn-bpw, hnIm-
k-hp-ap≈ hfsc Npcp°w Bfp-Isf amXta Rm≥ I≠n-´p≈p''
F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv sIm√-h¿jw 1087-˛-m-am≠v ao\-amkw 18-˛mw XobXn
(1912 am¿®v 30) sshIp-t∂cw Dt±iw Bdp- aWn ka-bØv tIm´bw
tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn°v hS-°p-h-i-ap≈ ao\-®n¬
B‰n¬ aW-∏p-d-Øp-h®p sht´‰p ]nt‰Znhkw acn® ""B\-∏m∏n''
F∂ A]-cm-`n-[m-\-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-´-h-\p-amb alm-a-√-s\-∏‰n
A°mew tIm´bw UnkvSnIvSv saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k-dm-bn-cp∂
tUmIvS¿ Ubkv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Aß-s\-bp≈ B\-∏m-
∏nsb Bcv h[n®p? Fßs\ h[n®p? h[-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v?
F∂n-h-sbm-s°bpw Iqe-¶-j-ambn \ncq-]Ww sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ssIh-im-h-Imiw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbv°m-
sW∂p ImWn®v 1087 ao\w 19-˛\v aPnkvtS-‰v cmL-hm-Nmcn Xo¿∏v
I¬]n-®p. CXn-s\-Xnsc sshZnI Assh-ZnI SÃn-Iƒ sslt°m-S-
Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n®n-cp-∂p-h-t√m. sslt°m-S-Xn, aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚
DØ-chv Aÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw Iq´p-S-Ãn-
Iƒ°pw skan-\m-cn°v Iq´pssIhiw Ds≠∂v Nq≠n-°m-´p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
B\-∏m∏n h[-sØ-∏‰n _Y-\n-bpsS am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xs‚
"Kncn-Zo]w' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p (t]Pv 30˛15):
"B\-∏m-∏n'-bpsS acWw
apS-°p-≠m-b-t∏m-sg-∂√ AXn-\p- ap-ºpw, ]gbskan-\mcn ka-cn-
72 B\-∏m∏n
t°kv D≠mb \nanjw apX¬ Xs∂ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse ]im-
¥X `RvPn-°-s∏-´p- I-gn-™p-sh∂p ]d-bmw. A\p-Iaw AsXmcp
sNdnb t]m¿°-f-Øns‚ Ombsb ]m]n-®p. AI-an-Iƒ, B`m-k-
∑m¿, s]mXp-P-\-tZm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS \ne-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂p ]gb
skan-\m-cn. AXns‚ ssIhiw X\n-°m-sW∂v hcp-Øm≥ ae-¶c
saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpw, AX√ X߃°m-sW∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ SÃn-
Ifpw iaw XpS-ßn. CXn-te-°mbn SÃn-I-fm¬ \nbp-‡-cmb N´-ºn-
h¿§w Hcp ]£-Øn¬, Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v B]-
sØm∂pw D≠m-hm≥ CS-bm-h-cp-sX∂ Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-IqSn tZl-
c£m¿∞w \nb-an-°-s∏´ Iq´¿ thsd. A°m-eØv skan-\m-cn-bn¬
sN∂m¬ aS-ßp-∂-Xp-h-scbpw F¥m-Wp-≠m-hpI F∂v `b-s∏-tS-≠n-
bn-cp-∂p. Xt‚-Shpw acym-Zbpw AßmSn acpt∂m Im´p-a-cpt∂m F∂p
t]mepw kwi-bn-®n-cp∂ h¿§-°m-sc-s°m≠v th≠n-bn-cp∂p A∂v
ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS t£asØ ]men-°p-hm≥ F∂p am\y -kp-lr-Øp-
°sf Fß-s\-bmWv Kln-∏n-°pI!
hn`n-∂-ß-fmb Dt±iyßtfm-Sp-IqSn \nb-an-X-cmb C∏-d™ c≠v
Iq´cpw XΩn¬ Hcp Xc-Ønepw kulm¿±w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v hnti-
jn®v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS AwK-c-£-I-cn¬
Hcmƒ B‰p-]p-dØv ]m∏n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "B\-∏m∏n' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-
b-s∏-Sp∂ Chs\ \ΩpsS Fgp-Ø-\p-k-cn®v Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂v (87
ao\w 18-˛\v i\n-bm-gvN) sI. Fw. amΩ≥ am∏nf Ab®pX∂-Xm-bn-
cp∂p. F¥n-\mbn Ah≥ \nb-an-°-s∏-´pthm AXn¬ Ah≥ _≤-
i-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bmw. B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS hchv N´-ºn-Iƒ°v
H´pw-Xs∂ kpJ-Icambn-√. Ah-cpsS Zpcp-t±-iy-߃°v ]m∏n XS-
°m-c-\m-sW∂pw Ah-t\m-sS-Xn-cn-´m¬ Ipg-∏-am-sW∂pw Ah¿ a\-
n-em-°n. Zo¿L-Im-b-\m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw XSn®v ]\w-Ip-‰n-t]mse Ccp-
∂n-cp∂ Ah≥ `mhw amdn H∂v t\m°n-bm¬ N´-ºn-Iƒ DS≥ Xe
Ip\n-°p-I-bm-bn. kzh¿K-Øns‚ ta[m-hn-bmb ]m∏nbpw, N -ºn-Ifpw
XΩn¬ At\ym\yw s]mcp-Ø-an-√m-sX-Xs∂ Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-t∏m-∂p.
s]m´mkpw a\-tbm-ebpw tN¿Øv shbn-eØv sh®m-se-∂-t]mse
Ft∏m-gmWv Xo ]pd-s∏-SpI F∂v Ghcpw `b-s∏-´n-cp∂ Hcp Ah-k-
c-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
Hcp Znhkw \mw Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ "B\-∏m-
∏nsb AXm X√n-s°m∂v Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p'
F∂v Hcmƒ ]d-™-Xp- tI´v \mw s]s´∂v sR´n-sØ-dn-°p-I- Xs∂
sNbvXp. Ft∏mƒ acn-®p. ac-W-Im-cWw F¥v Fs∂m∂pw At∏mƒ
73B\-∏m∏n
At\z-jn-°m≥ \n¬°msX \mw X¬£Ww Bip-]-Xn-bn-te-°mbn
\S∂p. \tΩm-Sp-IqSn amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS A\p-P-\mb sI. kn.
amXyphpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. R߃ Ccp-hcpw IqSn Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°v
t]mbn. ]m∏n A∂v acn-®n-s√-¶nepw AXym-k∂ ÿnXn-bn¬ InS-∂n-
cp-∂p. ]ns‰-Zn-hkw 87 ao\w 19˛mw XobXn cmXn aq∂p -a-Wn°v Ah≥
acn®p t]mbn. A\-¥cw ]m∏n-bpsS ihw t]mÃp-tam¿´w sNøm≥
XpS-ßn. tUmIvS-dpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn \mapw IqsS-bp≈ Bfpw
ihw InS-Øn-bn-cp∂ apdn-bn-te°v ]th-in-®p. ihw Iodn-Øp-S-ßn.
Xe-bpsS sXmen Dcn-®-t∏mƒ Xe-tbmSv ]Øp]-Xn-aq∂v Ij-W-ß-
fmbn s]m´n-s∏m-fn-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂v a\-n-em-bn. ASn-Iƒ apgp-h\pw
Xe-bv°p -Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. t]mÃp-tam¿ -Øn-\p-tijw bYm-hn[n
kwkvIm-c-Iaw \S-Øn. ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-b-Ønse Zzµ-bp≤-
߃, XΩn¬ XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ sXmgp-Øn¬°p-Øv, A\¿l-amb
hymtamlw, kzm¿∞-]-c-amb A`n-hmRvO F∂n-h-sb√mw IqSn HSp-
hn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ap‰sØ c‡w-sIm≠v Ipfn-∏n-®t√m F∂p
\mw hnjmZn®p. kmap-Zm-bn-I-amb Zpc-`n-am-\hpw hminbpw sIme-]m-
X-I-Øn-te°p Xs∂ a\p-jysc Cd-°n-hn-´p-I-f-™p.
Aß-s\-sbmcp sIme-]m-XIw AhnsS \S-∂n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
F∂tX hmb-\-°m¿ Ct∏mƒ Btem-Nn®p t\mt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.
`b-¶-c-ßfpw A\n¿hm-Ny-ß-fpamb ]eXpw AhnsS kw`-hn-°m≥
CS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ap‰w a\p-jy-c‡w IpSn-®-
Xn-\m¬ amXw ]ns∂-sbm∂pw AhnsS \S-∂n-√. kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-
b-Øn\p Ipsd-°m-e-ambn D≠m-bn-cp∂ Zmlw AXn-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v
Gh¿°pw t_m≤y-am-bn. kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Cusbmcp Zml-i-a\w
GsXm-∂ns‚ AXyp-®-sØ-bmWv kq£va-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂sX∂p ]d-
btWm? ssZh-`-b-an-√m-bva-bp-sSbpw ssZh-kvt\-l-an-√m-bva-bp-sSbpw
Xs∂. Ch c≠n-s‚bpw A`mhw ]m∏n-bpsS Xesb ]Xn-aq∂v Ij-
W-ß-fm-°n-Øo¿Øp. Ahs‚ c‡w kap-Zm-b-am-Ith Xfn-°-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂n´pw At\Iw t]¿°pw ]›m-Øm]w D≠m-Im-
Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw F¥v?
74 B\-∏m∏n
VIII
tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-XIw(kz¥w dnt∏m¿´¿)
Cu Ign™ i\n-bmgvN tIm´-bØv skan-\m-cn-°-S-hn¬ h®v \S-
∂Xpw Cu ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf Bk-Iew `bm-Ip-e-∑m-cm-°n-Øo¿Øn-
´p-≈Xpw Bb DK-amb Hcp IrXy-sØ-∏‰n Hcp ]tXyI dnt∏m¿´v
Fgp-tX-≠n- h-∂-Xn¬ F\n°v hfsc a\-kvXm-]-ap-≠v. F¶nepw Cu
kwK-Xn-sb-∏‰n AXns‚ Kuchw \nanØw hmb-\-°msc Adn-bn-°m-
Xn-cn-∏m\pw \nhr-Øn-bn-√.
ae-¶c CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ah¿-
I-fpsS IqsS Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ h¿°n Fs∂m-cmsf Cu Ign™ i\n-
bmgvN sshIp-t∂cw GI-tZiw A©p- aWn ka-bØv skan-\m-cn-
°-S-hn¬ sh®v GXm\pw Nne apl-Ω-Zo-bcpw a‰pw IqSn ITn-\-ambn
Xe-X-√n-s∏m-fn®v Bk∂ ac-W-\m-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw, AXp- \n-anØw
Abmƒ ASpØ Znhkw Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sh®v acn-®p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw
sNbvX-Xmb Zp-l-`-b-¶c h¿Ø-am\w GsXmcp a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-
sØbpw AXy-[nIw thZ-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√. skan-\m-cn-
bn-ep≈ Bfp-Iƒ sshIp-t∂-csØ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\p ]th-in®
kabw Zmlm-Xp-c-\mb h¿°n i¶m-c-lnXw \n-lm-b-\mbn ASp-
Øp≈ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ t]mbn-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ BWv ]Xn-bn-cp-∂-
h¿ NXn-hmbn Xe -X-√n-s∏m-fn®v Ah-i-\m-°p-Ibpw acn-°-Ø-°-hn[w
tZl-Zfiw G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXsX-∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ, Cu IrXy-
Øns‚ ImTn\yw FX-am-X-am-sW∂v Duln-°m-a-t√m. Bip-]-Xn-
bn¬ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-tºm-tg°pw h¿°n-bpsS IY GXm≠v
Xo¿∂p-t]mbn F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ÿnXn hnNm-cn®v
At∏mƒXs∂ Akn-Â v k¿P≥ Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-
‰ns\ hnh-c-a-dn-bn-°p-Ibpw At±lw X¬£Ww Xs∂ ÿe-sØØn
B kabw km[n-°p-tºm-se, h¿°n-bpsS ac-W-hm-bvsamgn hmßp-
Ibpw sNbvIbp≠m-bn. ac-W-tijw apd-]-Imcw Akn-Â v k¿P≥
ihw ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn¬, hetØ Imens‚ IpXn-R-c-ºp- sh-´-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂p F∂pw, Xe-tbm-Sp- X-√n-s∏m-fn™p ]Xn-s\m∂p Ij-W-ß-
fmbn Xo¿∂n-´p-s≠∂pw AXp-sIm-≠mWv acWw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈-
sX∂pw k¿´n-^n-°-‰n¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xmbn Adn-bp-∂p. Xn¶-
75B\-∏m∏n
fmgvN Bip-]-Xnbn¬ \n∂v ihw sNdn-b-]-≈n-°m-cp-sSbpw a‰pw kl-
Xm] AI-º-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqsS ]pØ≥]≈n ivaim-\-Øn¬ AS°w
sNbvXp-sIm≠v CS-h-I-°m-cpsS kl-Xm-]hpw hnh-i-Xbpw Ah¿
]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
F∂m¬ Kh-s◊‚n¬ \n∂pw Cß-s\-bp≈ hnj-b-ß-fn¬
ÿesØ kam-[m-\ -c-£m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ apJm-¥cw ]Z¿in-∏n-°mdp≈
Du¿÷nX \S-]-Sn-Iƒ CXp-h-scbpw ]Xy-£-s∏´p ImWm-Ø-Xn¬
P\-߃°v C\n B¿°v, F¥v kw`-hn-∏m≥ t]mIp∂p F∂p≈
`bw Xptemw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p. Ipsd h¿j-߃°p- apºv Cu ]´-
W-Øn¬ \n∂v Bdp -ssa¬ amXw Zqc-ap≈ ÿe-Øp-sh®v tamj-
W-Øn-\mbn D≠mb sIme-]m-XIw Bhn[ Zp¿tΩmlw sIm≠v D≠m-
b-X-s√∂v ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ÿnXn°v km[p-P-\-߃s°-√m-h¿°pw
CXns\ kw_-‘n®v bw X´n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-∏m-\n-√. AXp-
sIm≠v Du¿÷-kz-e\pw a¥n-k-Ø-a-\p-amb \ΩpsS Znhm≥ cmP-
tKm-]m-em-Nmcy Ah¿Ifpw AIaw Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw Aa¿®
hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v kzm`m-hn-I-amb kma¿∞yhpw \njvI¿j-bp-ap≈
t]meokv kq]≠v [zc Ah¿Ifpw Cu Imcy-Øn¬ P\-c£ sNøp-
∂-Xn\pw ]tXyI \n_-‘-\-Ifpw, kzb-tah At\z-j-W-ßfpw \S-
Øp-∂-Xn\v P\-]m-Xn-\n[yw hln-°p∂ at\m-ca th≠-Ø°
ip]m¿i sNtø-≠Xv AXy¥m-t]-£nXambn-cn-°p-∂p.
(a-e-bm-f -a-t\m-ca, 1912 G]n¬ 3 _p[-\m-gvN)
ta¬ kw_-‘n®v ae-bmf at\m-ca 1912 G]n¬ 10˛mw XobXn
FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.
76 B\-∏m∏n
IX
aebmf at\m-c-a-bpsS
apJ-]-kwKw
tIm´bw sIme-]m-X-I-t°kv
Cu Ign-™-Xn\p apºn-esØ i\n-bmgvN tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-
°-S-hn¬ h®v \S-∂n-´p-≈Xpw, Cu ]´-W-Øn¬ Akm-am-\y-amb
t£m`w P\n-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xpw, ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf Bk-Iew `bm-Ip-e-
∑m-cm°nØo¿Øn-´p-≈-Xp-amb ""tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-X-I''-
sØ-∏‰n Npcp-°-ambn R߃ Ign™ XhW ]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p-
ht√m. Cu `b-¶cIrXyw \nanØw Cu Zn°n-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈
t£m`hpw `oXnbpw CXp-hsc ian-®n-´n-s√∂p amX-a-√, ]e kwK-Xn-
I-fmepw Znh-kw-]Xn h¿≤n-®p- h-cp-∂-tX-bp-≈p. \nc-]-cm-[nbpw \n-
lm-bnbpw Bb Hcp a\p-jys\ GXm\pw Nne LmX-I-∑m¿ kwLw
tN¿∂p ]Xn-bn-cp∂p "]´m-∏-I¬' kabw B‰p-a-W∏p-d-Øp-h®v Hcp
]´nsb F∂-t]mse X√n-s°m-∂Xv hnNm-cn-®m¬, P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚
CS-bn¬ Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp `bhpw a\ivNm©-eyhpw D≠m-bn-´p-
≈-Xn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-s\m-∂p-an-√-t√m. F∂p-X-s∂-b-√, Cu `b-¶c
kw`hw Ign-™n´v ]Øp-]-¥-≠v Znh-k-am-bn´pw sIme-]m-X-I-∑m-
cmb Ip‰-°msc I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-Itbm _¥-hkv sNbvItbm sNbvXn-
´n-s√∂v h∂-m¬ CXn¬∏cw P\-߃°v at\m-th-Z-\-tbbpw `oXn-
tbbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v as‰mcp kwKXn Bh-iy-ap-≈-X-√. cmP-
\o-Xn-°-\p-k-cn®v Kh-s◊‚ns‚ i‡n Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp ]Im-c-
Ønepw kt¶mNw hnNm-cn-°msX hym]-cn-∏n°p-∂-]£w Ip‰-°m-cm-
b-h¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sm-sX-bn-cn-∏m≥ kwK-Xn-bn-s√-∂mWv Rß-fpsS
hnizm-kw. sIme-]m-XIw \S∂ ÿehpw ka-bhpw a‰p kwK-Xn-
Ifpw hnNm-cn-®m¬, icn-bmbn ian-°p-∂-]£w tIkv sXfn-bn-°p-
∂-Xn\p hfsc ]bm-k-ap-s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ kwK-
Xn-Iƒ CXn¬ Imcy-ambn Btem-Nn-∏m-\p-≈-Xm-Wv.
1. Cu IrXyw \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv ]I¬ ka-b-Øm-Wv. sshIp-t∂cw
GI-tZiw A©p -aWn ka-b-ØmWv h[n-°-s∏´ h¿°n, Nmbtbm
Im∏ntbm IpSn-°m≥ B‰p-a-W-∏p-d-tØ°v Cd-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv.
2. `b-¶-c-amb Cu Iqc-IrXyw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv Hcmƒ amX-am-
77B\-∏m∏n
bn-´√; Hcp kwLw Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂n-´m-Wv. AXp -X-s∂bpw hSn-
hmƒsIm≠v sh´nbpw IpØnbpw De° apX-emb Bbp-[-߃ D]-
tbm-Kn®pw \S-Øn-b-Xm-Wv.
3. IrXyw \S∂ ÿew skan-\m-cn-bpsS hSt° aW-∏pdw ˛
Ft∏mgpw Bƒk©m-c-ap≈ Hcp ]tZ-i-am-Wv. ssh°-tØ°v h≈w
Ib-dp-∂-Xn\pw a‰p-ambn hgn-bm-X-°m¿ km[m-cW KXm-KXw sNbvXp-
h-cp∂ Hcp hgn ÿe-am-Wn-sX∂v ]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.
hnti-jn®p th\¬°m-e-ß-fn¬ \S-∂p-h-cp∂ ]Xn-hp-t]m-se, ChnsS
]e IpSn-ep-Ifpw sI´n kvXoIfpw ]pcp-j-∑mcpw Ip´n-Ifpw tN¿∂v
"IpSpw-_-ß-fmbn' Xma-kn®p I®-hSw \S-Øn-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v.
4. LmX-I-∑m-cmb apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpƒs∏´ Hcp kwLw Cu IrXy-
Øn\v apºv Ipsd A[nIw Znh-k-ß-fmbn skan-\m-cn-°-S-hn¬ B‰p-
a-W-∏p-dØp I™n-sh-®p-Ip-Sn®p Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw skan-\m-cn-tbbpw
AXn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-tcbpw GtXmhn[-Øn¬ BI-an-∏m-\mbn
Hcpßn \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xv Cu ]´-W-
hmkn-Iƒ H´p-ap-°mepw Adn-™n-´p≈ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. skan-\m-cn-
tbmSpw AXnse Imcy-ß-tfmSpw Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw kw_-‘-an-√mØ
Cu apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ Xß-fpsS Imb-_-esØ hnebv°v hmßm≥ X°
[\-i-‡nbpw kzm[o-\-_-ehpw skan-\m-cn-sb-∏‰n Bi-¶bpw D≈
a‰p Nne-cp-sS-sb-¶nepw t]c-W- aq-e-a-√msX Xß-fpsS kz¥m-h-iy-
ambn Cu `b-¶-c-IrXyw \S-Øo-´p-≈-X-s√∂v Gsd-°psd Btem-
Nn®m¬ F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-am-W-t√m.
5. Cu IrXyw \S-∂-Xns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw sshIp-t∂cw GI-tZiw
cmXn-tbm-S-SpØv kpamdv Bd-c- a-Wn- k-abw Fw.Un. skan-\mcn
]n≥kn-∏¬ ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokv Fw.F. Ah¿Ifpw sNdn-b-a-
T-Øn¬ Znhyio bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ Ah¿Ifpw IqSn ]g-b-sk-an-
\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp IpXnch≠n-bn¬ Ib-dn-h-cp-tºmƒ, GXm\pw
Nne apl-Ω-Zo-bcpw a‰pw IpXn-csb ]nSn®p\n¿Øn h≠n XS-bp-Ibpw,
h≠n-°-IØp IS-°m≥ ian-°p-I-bpw, AXn-ep≈ mZ¿ Koh¿Kokv
Ah¿Isf "Ak`yw' ]d-bp-Ibpw, `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw a‰p -]e AXn-
I-a-߃ sNøp-I-bpw, ""skan-\m-cn, SÃn-I-fpsS hI-bm-Wv. AXnse
kmam-\-߃ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂pt≠m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\mWv
R߃ h∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv'' F∂pw a‰pw A´-l-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv
Hm¿°p-tºmƒ, Bcp-sStbm t]c-W- aqew am\y-∑msc A]-am-\n-°p-
∂-Xn\pw Ah-tcmSv F¥pw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu Iq´¿ aXn-
ad∂p \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw AXns‚ ^e-am-bn-´mWv ]nt‰-
Znhkw Cu IrXyw \S-Øo-´p≈sX∂pw Duln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
78 B\-∏m∏n
Hcp hnP-\-ÿ-e-Øp- h®v Hcmƒ amXw sNøp-∂-Xmb IrXyw Hcp
kabw sXfn-™n-s√∂p ht∂-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp kwLw
Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂v ap≥Iq´n Btem-Nn®v Bbp-[-]m-Wn-I-fmbn P\-ß-
fpsS k©m-chpw kl-hm-khpw A[n-I-ap≈ ]c-ky-amb Hcp ÿe-
Øp-sh®v \S-Ønb IrXyw sXfn-bp-∂-Xn\p km[n-°-bn-s√-¶n¬,
]ns∂ Fß-s\-bp≈ IrXy-ß-fmWv sXfn-hm≥ t]mIp-∂-sX∂v
R߃°v a\-n-em-Ip-∂n-√. ta¬ hnh-cn®p ImWn® kwK-Xn-Iƒ-
sIm≠v sXfn-hp- In-´m≥ [mcmfw kuI-cy-ap-≈-Xmb Cu tIkns\
kw_-‘n®v ÿew t]meo-kp-Im¿ ImWn® kmam-\yØn-e-[n-I-ap≈
Ae-kX Cu ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf H´-[nIw `bm-Ip-e-∑m-cm°n Xo¿Øn-
´p-s≠∂v \nw-ibw ]d-bmw.
Cu kw`hw sXfn™p h∂v kXy-Øn\pw \ymb-Øn\pw A\p-
k-cn®v Iem-in-°p-I-bn-s√∂p h∂m¬, Ah-\-hs‚ Poh-s\-∏‰n B¿-
°mWv bw tXm∂m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m-etX P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚
CS-bn¬ CXp- \n-an-Ø-ap-≠m-bn- p≈ t£m`w tei-sa-¶nepw ian-°msX
Ct∏mgpw Xo£vW-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu IrXyw \S-Øn®p
F∂v P\-߃ hniz-kn-°p∂ Bfp-sStbm Bfp-I-fp-sStbm A]o-
Xn°v Bsc-¶nepw ]mXo-`-hn-®m¬ X\n-°p- IqSn Poh-\miw kw`-hn-
t®-°m-sa-∂p≈hn[-Øn¬ AX I¿i-\-ambn Cu ] -W-hm-kn-I-fpsS
lrZ-bsØ N©-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]oUn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈
ÿnXn°v Kh-s◊‚ v CXn-s\-s¥-¶nepw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb Hcp kam-
[m\w D≠m-°m-sX-bn-cn-°-bn-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
ÿesØ t]meo-kp-Im¿°v Du¿÷n-X-ap-≠mbncp∂p F¶n¬ DS-
s\-Xs∂ LmX-Isc ]nSn®p _¥-hkv sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-
sN-øm-sXbpw ]Xy-£-Øn¬ AXn-\mbn D’m-ln-°m-sXbpw Ip‰-
°m-cm-b-h¿°v Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kmh-Imiw hc-Ø-°-\n-e-bn¬,
ImWn-®n-´p≈ Ae-kX Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw £¥-hy-am-bn-´p-≈-X-√.
Cu IrXyw \S-°p-∂-Xn\v GI-tZiw c≠m-gvNbv°p apºv \S∂ Nne
kw`-h-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n B ImcyØn¬ ÿew t]meokv C≥-
kvs]-IvS¿ FXn¿I-£n-I-tfmSv tbmPn®v ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p F∂pw,
AXn-\m¬ At±-lsØ am‰n ]Icw as‰m-cmsf tIm´-b-Ø-b®p In´-
W-sa-∂pw, tIm´bw P\-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-epƒs∏´ GXm\pw t]¿ tN¿∂v
Iºn- h-gn-bmbpw a‰pw t]meokv kq]-≠n-s\bpw a‰pw Adn-bn-®-X-
\p-k-cn®v A[n-Im-c-ÿ-∑m¿ ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂p F¶n¬ Cßs\ Hcp
`b-¶c kw`hw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cpt∂m F∂p-Xs∂ kwi-b-am-Wv. Cu
tIkn¬ ]q¿Æ-amb sXfnhv In´-W-sa-¶n¬ Cßs\ Ae-kX ImWn-
79B\-∏m∏n
®n-´p≈ ÿew t]meo-kp-Imsc C\n-bp-sa-¶nepw ÿewamt‰-≠Xv
AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v A[n-Im-c-ÿ-∑m¿ a\-n-em-°n-bm¬ sIm≈mw.
km[m-cWP\-߃°v AXmXp ÿesØ t]meo-kp-Im-sc-∏‰n
kzm`m-hn-I-ambn `b-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. B `bsØ ]cn-l-cn-®p-
sIm-≠mWv tIkv At\z-jn-t°-≠-sX-∂mWv Rß-fpsS A`n-]m-bw.
tIm´bw ]´-W-hm-kn-Ifpw Ab¬]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-hcpw a‰pw
\ΩpsS s]m∂p-X-ºp-cm≥ Xncp-a-\-n-te-°pw, _n´ojv dkn-U-≠n\pw,
Znhm≥Pn Ah¿Iƒ°pw Ab® Iºn-Iƒ aqew Ct∏mƒ tIkn\v
GXmt≠m Nne Du¿÷nXw D≠m-bn- p-≈-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p. Cu tIkv
`c-ta‰v At\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw a‰p-ambn t]meokv C≥kvs]-
IvS¿am-cmb satkgvkv kn. B¿. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈, PÃkv Um\n-
tb¬ F∂n-hsc Kh-s◊‚n¬ \n∂pw ]tXyIw Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv Rß-fpsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw teJ-Is‚ IØp-
sIm≠v ImWp-∂-Xv. CXv P\-km-am-\y-Øn\v s]mXpsh kΩ-X-amb
Hcp \nb-a-\-am-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. F∂m¬ anÿ Um\n-tb¬
CXp-h-scbpw ChnsS FØn-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. anÿ ]c-ta-iz-c≥
]n≈ ÿe-sØ-Øp-Ibpw tI-t\z-j-W-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ P\-km-am-\y-Øn-\p-≠m-bn- p≈ Xr]vXn koam
XoX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ At±-lsØ thsd tPmen-°mbn XncnsI
hnfn-°p∂p F∂p tIƒ°p-∂Xv hmkvX-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xm-
bm¬ AsXm-cn-°epw P\-km-am-\y-Øn\p cpNn-°p∂ Hcp Imcy-a-√.
F∂p-X-s∂-b√ anÿ ]n≈ ChnsS FØn-b-tijw A¬∏-Zn-h-k-
߃°n-S-bn¬ Xs∂ Du¿÷n-X-ambn \S-Ønb At\z-j-W-߃-
sIm≠v GXm\pw Nne sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-∂-dn-bp∂
ÿnXn°v, ]pXp-Xmbn C\nbpw as‰m-cmƒ hcp-∂-]£w CXp-hsc
\S-Ønb At\z-j-WsØ XpS¿∂v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ImcysØ
ssIhn-´p-t]m-ImsX sIm≠v \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ]bm-k-ambpw ht∂-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v P\-t£-a-sØbpw `qX-Z-b-sb-bpw, k¿-
t∆m-]cn \oXn-]-cn-]m-e-\-sØbpw hnNmcn®v Cu tIkv sXfn-hp-≠m°n
skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn¬ \SØn Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xphsc anÿ ]c-
ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈-sb-Øs∂ ˛ Cu tPmen-bn¬Ø-s∂- ˛- \n-b-an-°p-∂-
Xn\v Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bmb s]m∂p-X-ºp-cm≥ Xncp-a-\-p-sIm≠pw \b-
tIm-hn-Z-\mb Znhm≥ cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cyc-h¿Ifpw ]tXyIw Zb hnNm-
cn-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-°p-∂p. Cu IrXyw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p LmX-I-∑m-
¿°p GsX√mw hn[-ß-fn-emWv ss[cy-ap-≠m-b-sX∂v tIns‚ Ah-
km-\-L-´-Øn-se-¶nepw Kh-s◊‚n\pw P\-km-am-\y-Øn\pw t_m≤y-
s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°-bn-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
80 B\-∏m∏n
X
B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy
Znhm-\-b® l¿PntPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSv 2˛4˛1992˛¬ AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp-hn\v Ab-
®p-sIm-SpØ IØpw At±lw Is≠-Sp-ØXpw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy
Xøm-dm°nbXp-amb Hcp l¿Pn-bpsS tIm∏n-bp-amWv NphsS tN¿°p-
∂-Xv.
""FXbpw ]nb-s∏´ amXyp -km-dn-\v,
B\-∏m-∏n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp hnhcw Rm≥ Is≠-Øn-bXv CtXm-
sSm∏w Ab-bv°p-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bnse B¿ss°-hvkn¬ \n∂mWv
AXv e`n-®-Xv. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v e`n® Fgp-Øp-Ifpw a‰p tcJ-
Ifpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp sI´n¬ \n∂mWv CXv In´nb-Xv. Cu
At]£ Znhm\p sImSptØm F∂-dn-hn-√. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßtfm
a‰p tcJ-Itfm Is≠-Øn-bm¬ Ab-®p-X-cmw.''
A∂-Ω-bpsS l¿Pn
alm-cm-P-am-\y-cm-Pio Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm≥ kzman Ah¿Iƒ
ka-£-Øn-te°v tIm´bw skj≥tIm¿´n¬ 87˛¬ 29˛mw \º¿
kvs]j¬ tIkn¬ H∂mw km£nbpw Sn tIknse ]Xn-Iƒ sIm∂-
Xmb ]m∏n-bpsS `mcy-bp-amb A∂Ω t_m[n-∏n°p∂ l¿Pn.
Sn tIkv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ tIm´-bØv A°c kn. sP. Ipcy≥
F∂-bm-fpsS kzm[o-\-Ømepw klm-b-Ømepw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw
tIknse ][m\ ]Xn-bmb ]nSn-In-´mØ ]m∏-®≥ Sn Ipcys‚
tPyjvTs‚ aI-\p-am-Wv. sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ ]Xn-Iƒ A∏o¬ sImSp-
Øn-cn-°p-∂Xpw 1088-˛¬ A∏o¬ 35 apX¬ 45 hsc \º-cp-I-fm-bn´v
]Xn-™n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ k¿°m¿ `mKw tIkv \S-tØ≠
h°o-e-∑m¿ Sn Ipcys‚ AXy¥ CjvS-∑mcpw kz¥w h°o-e-∑m-cp-
am-sW∂v tIƒ°p-∂p. Cu tIknse ]Xn-Iƒ Fs‚ `¿Øm-hns\
ITn-\-ambn D]-Z-hn-®p -sIm-∂n- p-≈-hcpw sslt°m¿´n¬ \n∂v shdpsX
hnSp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Fs∂ A∂p-Xs∂ C√mbva sNøp-sa∂v i]Yw
sNbvXn´p-≈-h-cp-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ kzman-bpsS Zb-hp-≠mbn sslt°m-
¿´nse ][m\ h°o-e-∑m-cn¬ Hcmsf \nb-an-®p B tIkv \SØp-
amdmI-W-sa∂v At]-£n°p-∂p.
81B\-∏m∏n
IqSm-sXbpw sslt°m¿´nse Nne PUvPn-am¿ an≠m-th-Z-°m¿
BsW∂pw Sn Ipcy≥ Cu h¿§-°m-cpsS ][m\ ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-
sW∂pw Ah-cpsS \nb-a-]-Imcw Sn Ipcy≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse h¿§-
Øn-epƒs∏-´-h-sc√mw sNøm≥ IS-s∏-´-h-cm-sW∂pw Ipcys‚ D‰-
_‘p-°-fmb Ch¿ Ipcys‚ tPyjvTs‚ aI\p tZmj-ambn
bmsXm∂pw sNøp-I-bn-s√∂pw ]Xn-I-fpsS Bfp-Iƒ tLmjn-°p∂p.
AXn-\m¬ an≠m-th-Z-°m-cmb hoc-cm-L-hm-ø-¶m¿ kzman Ah¿Iƒ
IqSn-bp≈ s_©n¬ tIkv lnb-dnw-Kn\p FSp-°-cp-sX∂pw DØ-c-hp-
≠m-Ip-am-dm-I-W-sa∂v At]-£n-°p-∂p.
1088 Xpemw (H-∏v)
Cu l¿Pn c≠p- cq]m ]X-Øn¬ FgpXn H∏n-Sp-hn®v Ab-
bv°Ww. Cw•ojv l¿Pn H∂p amdn FgpXn Ab-t®-®m¬ sIm≈mw.
AXn\p Xc-an-s√-¶n¬ Ab-bv°p∂ l¿Pn Xs∂ H∏n´v Xob-Xnbpw
h®v Ab-®m¬ aXn. tIkv Hcp-]s£ Cu amkw HSp-hntem hcp∂
amkw BZytam hnNm-cW \S-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ DS≥Xs∂
th≠Xp ]h¿Øn-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-°p-∂p.
km£n-I-fmb AΩbpw aIfpw
tImfn-f°w krjvSn® B\-∏m-∏n-s°m-e-t°-kn¬ samgn- sIm-SpØ
hmI-Øm\w HmWm´p A°m-Ω-sb-∏-‰nbpw aIƒ Ip™-°m-Ω-sb-∏-
‰nbpw ]i-kvX-amb \ncWw ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ IpSpw-_-N-cn-X-Øn¬
Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p (IpSpw-_-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-cWn FgpXn
Ab-®p-X-∂Xv dn´. skbn¬kv SmIvkv Hm^o-k¿ ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ If-
∏p-c-bn¬ sI. tXmakv hdp-Kokv Fw.F. bmWv).
\ncWw ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ ap´p-t¶-cn¬ Ip™v aq∂m-aXv hnhmlw
sNbvXXv hmI-Øm-\Øv aT-Øn-d-ºn-emb HmWm´p ]p∂-®s‚ aIƒ
A°m-Ω-sb-bm-Wv. A°m-Ωsb t\csØ tIm´bw Np¶Øv s^≥
IpSpw-_-Øns‚ imJ-bmb I´-∏p-dØp ho´n¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b-
bv°p-Ibpw ¿Ømhv ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B _‘-Øn¬
Hcp aIƒ (Ip-™-°m-Ω) D≈-t∏m-gmWv ap -t¶-cn¬ Ip™p-am-bn- p≈
hnhmlw \S-∂-Xv. B hnhm-l-Øn¬ Ip™p-Ip™v F∂ aI-\p-
≠m-bn.
HmWm´p IpSpw-_mw-K-amb A°m-Ω-sb-∏‰n ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp kwKXn
ChnsS ]kvXm-hn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬
ae-¶ck`-bnse _mhm-I£n saXm≥ I£n hg-°p-Iƒ aq¿≤-\y-
82 B\-∏m∏n
Øn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ \S∂ kw`-h-am-W-Xv. saXm≥ I£n-bpsS
Xe-h≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ AwK-c-£-
I-\m-bn-cp∂ s]cn-ßc B‰p-]p-dØv h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ B\-∏m∏n
sIm√-s∏-´p. Cu sIme-]m-X-I-Øns‚ ZrIvkm-£n-I-fn¬s]-´-h-cm-bn-
cp∂p A°m-Ωbpw aIƒ Ip™-°m-Ω-bpw. A°m-Ω-bpsS `¿Ør-
`h-\-amb I´-∏p-dØv hoSn\p hfscb-I-se-b-√mØ Hcp ÿe-Øp-
sh-®m-bn-cp∂p Iqc-amb B h[w \S-∂-Xv. tIkn¬ saXm≥ I£n-
°p-th-≠n-bmWv A°mΩ H∂mw km£n-bmbpw aIƒ A∂v HºXp
hb-p-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ Ip™-°mΩ c≠mw km£n-bmbpw Xß-fpsS
ho´n¬ IΩo-j-\mbn hs∂-Ønb aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI samgn sImSp-
Ø-Xv.
]pØq-∏-≈n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn\v Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ae-¶ck`m -Im-cy-
ß-fn¬ kPo-h -Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \memw Xe-ap-d-°m¿ ]¥n-
cp-]-d-bn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv Cu∏≥ (Ip-™-∏n-®m-b≥) ae-¶ck`m -SÃnbm-
bn-cp∂ tIm´bw Xmg-Ø-ßmSn Nnd-°-S-hn¬ ho´n¬ tImcp-f- sIm-®p-
tIm-cp-f-bpsS aI-sf-bmWv hnhmlw Ign-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Ccns°
A°mΩ ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn-te°v h∂p-tN¿∂p F∂Xv
A\z¿∞-am-bn. Cu sIme-t°-knse A\p-Iq-e-amb hn[n°v \n¿Æm-
b-I-ambn `hn® ta¬∏-d™ km£n-I-fpsS samgn-Iƒ ]_-e-cmb
FXn¿I-£n-Isf ]tIm-]n-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS `mK-Øp- \n-∂p-ap≈
]oU-\-߃ I -∏p-dØv IpSpw-_-Øn\v kln-t°≠n h∂n- p-≠v. \n¿`m-
Ky-h-im¬ k`mNcn-X-tc-J-I-fn-sem∂pw Xs∂ Cu km£n-Iƒ ]cm-
a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´n√.''
B¿∏q-°c \Sp-hn-te-°c tP°_v tXmakv Cßs\ Fgp-Xp-∂p:
""B\-∏m-∏n-t°-knse km£n-bmb A° hmI-Øm-\Øp πm∏-d-
ºn-emb aT-Øn-d-ºn¬ HmWm´p henb ]p∂-®s‚ ]pXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
]gbskan-\m-cn-°-S-hn\p sXm´p he-Xp-h-isØ ho´n-em-bn-cp∂p
A°sb hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°v Ip™-°mΩ
F∂ aIƒ P\n-®p. sshImsX Ip™-°m-Ω-bpsS ]nXmhv \ncym-X-
\m-bn. B\-∏m∏n h[w kw_-‘n®v A°-sbbpw aI-sfbpw IΩo-
j≥ h®v hnkvX-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]Xm-]-im-en-bm-bn-cp-∂ HmWm´v hey-
∏≥ (Fs‚ amXm-a-ls‚ ]nXr-tPy-jvT -k-tlm-Z-c-]p-X≥) -\n¿_‘w
]nSn-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv hnkvX-cn-®-Xv. Ch-cpsS km£n-samgn sIm≠mWv
]Xn-Isf in£n-°m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv.
84 B\-∏m∏n
I
]m-∏n-bpsS h[wsslt°m-SXn 4˛5˛1087˛¬ C´ DØ-chv tIm´bw ] -W-Øn¬ Adn
™t∏mƒ hfsc Bfp-Iƒ skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ XSn-®p-Iq-Sn. t]meokv
C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Cu hnhcw UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\p dnt∏m¿´p
sNbvXp. GXm\pw t]meo-kp-Imsc ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-te°v kam-
[m\w ]men-°m-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®p. sshZnI SÃn-bpw, Assh-ZnI
SÃnbpw At∏mƒ tIm´-bØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ Ipw`- am-k-
Ønte tIm´-bØv BK-X-cm-bp-≈p. Ah¿ tIm´-bØp h∂-tXmsS
i‡n ]tbm-Kn®p skan-\m-cnbpw ]dºpw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
ian®p. 19˛7˛87˛¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sshZnI hnZym-`ymkw
sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ GXm\pw siΩm-i-∑m¿ Xmeq-°nse aPn-kvtS-
‰n-s‚bpw UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n-s‚bpw apºmsI Hmtcm ]cmXn
t_m[n-∏n®p. Xte-cm-Xn-bn¬ 25 Bfp-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p-
sh∂pw X߃ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v DS≥ s]mbvs°m-≈-W-sa∂pw
A√m-Ø-]£w Ahsc Xp≠p-Xp-≠mbn tOZn-°p-sa∂pw b-s∏-SpØn
F∂pw ]kvXpX l¿Pnbn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cp-∂p. l¿Pn-Iƒ t]meokv
C≥kvs]-IvS¿°v Ab®psImSp-Øp. At±lw GXm\pw t]meo-kp-
Imsc ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn-te°v Abbv°p-Ibpw l¿Pn-°m-cmb
siΩm-i-∑m-cn¬ GXm\pw Bfp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw samgn -hm-ßp-Ibpw
kam-[m\ `RvP\w D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠ N´w-sI-´p-Iƒ \S-Øp-
Ibpw sNbvXp.
CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcp hm¿Ø P\-Xm-a-≤y-Øn¬ ]c-∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-
tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ A[n-t£-]n-°p-Ibpw
A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]kvXpX Inwh-Z¥n.
AtXmsS hnIm-c-hn-h-i-cmb P\-߃ Xncp-h-√, \nc-Ww, amth-en-°c
apX-emb ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]ms™-Øn. ta¬
]kvXm-hn® Inwh-Z-¥n-bpsS bmYm¿∞y-sØ-∏‰n Bcm™p; `mhn-
bn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm, A]-am-\n-°p-
Itbm sNøm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ Xß-fpsS CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Nnesc ]gb
skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Ab®psImSp-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®p
Hcp Znhkw F´p-]-Øp-t]¿ ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ kq£n-∏n-\mbn lmP-
cmIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. h[n-°-s∏´ B\-∏m∏n Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂pw Ab-
bv°-s∏´ Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Bfns\ Ab-bv°m≥ Xm\mWv
85B\-∏m∏n
t\XrXzw hln-®Xv F∂v h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ sI. Fw. amΩ≥ am∏nf
samgn sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v (sIm-®p-am-Ω≥ h°o¬). F∂m¬ Cu Imcy-
Øn¬ ]tc-X-\mb sI. kn. Cu∏-\mWv t\XrXzw hln-®-sX∂v a‰p
Nnecpw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. ]m∏nsb tIm´-b-tØ°v bmX Ab-®-t∏mƒ
]m∏nbpsS Igp-Øn¬ Hcp Ik-hp-I-hWn C´v A\p-tam-Zn-°p-Ibpw
A`n-\-µn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Cu∏-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, Cu Imcy-sØ-
∏‰n \S-Ønb Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ^e-ambn Cu∏s‚ ASpØ _‘p-
°-fn¬ \n∂v Adn-bm≥ Ign™p.
Cu CS-th-f-I-fn¬ tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-I-fnse X¿°w cq£-am-bn.
t]meokv C≥kvs]-S-dp-sSbpw Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰n-
s‚bpw dnt∏m¿´ns\ Bk-v]-Z-am-°n kam-[m\ ewL\ \nhm-c-W-Øn-
\mbn k`-bpsS tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-I-sf√mw ]q´n. ]≈n-Iƒ amX-
a√ sslt°m¿´p-Ø-c-h-\p-k-cn®v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-
eo-Øm-bpsS X\n-®p≈ ssIh-i-Øn¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-h-Zn-®n-
cp∂ ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn Nm∏epw ]q´-s∏-´p. AXv ]oUm-\p-`h BgvN
Bk-∂-am-Ip∂ Ime-hpw. A°m-e-b-f-hn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw
]´-°m¿°pw ][m-\-amb Bcm-[-\-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-
cp∂p. C°mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ Cßs\ skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ AS-
®p-]q-´n-bXpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bv°p ]Xn-Iq-e-amb Hcp \ne-]mSv
kzoI-cn-®Xpw t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS ]£-]mX _p≤n ]Z¿in-
∏n-°p∂ Hcp- Im-cy-am-bn- p -thWw ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥. CXv Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]em-b\w sNøn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£,
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]£-]m-Xn-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS πm\pw
]≤-Xnbpw A]-P-b-Øn¬ ]cn-Wan-®p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ]gb
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-am-dmsX Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Xma-kn-®p.
AhnsS At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp apdn hnip-≤o-I-cn®p IqZmi sNbvXp
hn. Ip¿_m-\bpw a‰p I¿Ωm-Zn-Ifpw A¿∏n®p t]m∂p. saXm-t∏m-
eoØm ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn hn´p t]mbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ a‰p SÃn-Iƒ°p
]gbskan-\mcn ]pc-bnSw \njv]bmkw ssIh-i-am-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Cßs\ _u≤nI a’-c-X-¥-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy≥ apX¬t]¿
]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Cßs\bncnt° am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkpw am¿ Iqdn-temkpw ]gb
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ao\w 18˛\v
ImeØv Hº-Xp- aWn Ign™v Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂p ]m∏n (Cu Bsf
""]m∏n km¿'' F∂pw ""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂pw hnfn-°m-dp-≠v) ]gbskan-
\m-cn-bn¬ BKX-\m-bn. Imbn-I-i-‡n-bn¬ Abmƒ oa-tk-\\p Xpey-
86 B\-∏m∏n
\m-bn-cp-∂p. saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k-dm-bn-cp∂ tUmIvS¿ Ubv Cu
BfpsS tZl-i‡n I≠p hnkva-b-`-cn-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp-∂p. Abmƒ
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂-bp-Ss\ AhnsS \S∂ kw`-h-߃ F√mw
Abmsf hnkvX-cn®p tIƒ∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Xte-Zn-hkw kmbm-”-
Øn¬, A°m-eØv Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fnse ]n≥kn-∏-
em-bn-cp∂ ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokn (]n¬°m-eØv _Y\n am¿
Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) t\mSv ]nSn-®p-]-dn® hSn Xncn®p sImSp-°-W-sa∂v
]m∏n, Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse ap…o-ß-fpsS A°m-esØ t\Xm-hm-bn-
cp∂ ]co-°p-´n-bpsS Hcp `mKn-t\-b-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn
(Hcp Znhkw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gb skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂p kµ¿in®p k`m Imcy-߃ N¿® sNbvX-tijw
aS-ßn-t∏mb Fw.F. A®≥ AYhm mZ¿ ]n. Sn. Koh-dp-Kokv Ah¿I-
tfmSv hgnat≤y Iam-ep-Zo≥ F∂ apl-Ω-Zo-b≥ (Cu Bƒ ]n∂oSv
]m∏n h[-t°-knse H∂mw-]Xn Bbn-cp-∂p) ]nSn-®p-]-dn®p hmßn-®n-
cp∂ hSn kn. sP. Ipcys\ G¬∏n®p F∂v ]co-°p-´n-bpsS `mKn-t\-
b≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. F∂m¬ ]m∏n Cu hm°p hniz-kn-®n-√. X≥-
\nanØw ]m∏n Cu A`y¿∞\ Bh¿Øn-°-bp-≠m-bn. At∂-Zn-hkw
GI-tZiw a≤ym-”-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]m∏n, l≥ F∂ Hcp apl-Ω-Zo-b-
t\mSv (]m∏n h[-t°-knse aq∂mw ]Xnbm-bn-cp∂p Cbmƒ)- hSn
XncnsI thW-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p. hSn Xncn®p Xcm-Ø-]£w Xm≥
ls‚ iXp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂p IqSnbpw ]m∏n `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn.
Iam-ep-Zo-≥ BWv hSn FSp-Ø-sX∂pw Xm\√ F∂pw l≥ Xd-
∏n®p ]d-™p. ]m∏n l-t\mSv thsdmcp Imcyw- IqSn tNmZn-°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn. Xm≥ F¥n-\mWv Cu \n¬°p∂ siΩm-is‚ apdn-bn¬
Ib-dn-bXv? ""R߃ apdn-bn¬ Ib-dp-I-b-√msX bmsXmcp ieyhpw
hcp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn√'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p ls‚ adp-]-Sn. AXn\v ]m∏n-
bpsS ]Xyp-Øcw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ""\n߃ Ipcys‚ Bƒt∏-
cmbn hcp∂p F¶n¬ R߃°v FXn¿∏n-√. F∂m¬ \n߃ siΩm-
is‚ apdn-bn¬ Ibdn At±-l-Øn\p ieyw hcp-Ø-cp-Xv. Aß-s\-
sb-¶n¬ saXm-®s‚ Imh¬°m¿ Xncn-®-Sn°pw'' F∂ ]m∏n-bpsS
hm°p-Iƒ°v, ""\n߃°v t_m[n-®-]Sn ]h¿Øn-°pI'' F∂p
l≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. CtXmsS ]m∏n skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Ib-dn-
t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. ta¬hn-h-cn® kw`m-j-W-Øn-\p-tijw GI-
tZiw c≠p- a-Wn°q¿ Ign-™-t∏mƒ tIm´-bØp \n∂v Ggp- ssa¬
]Sn-™m-dp≈ Ipa-c-I-Øp-\n∂v Hcp h≈w h∂ptN¿∂p. am¿ Iqdn-
temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Ipa-c-I-Øn\p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\m-
bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Cu h≈w h∂-Xv. saXm-®s\ Ipa-c-I-Øn\p sIm≠p-
87B\-∏m∏n
t]m-Im≥ h∂-h¿ (h©n Du∂p-Im-c-√) am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-
bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ A°c ]m∏-®\pw I´-∏p-dØv tXma-kpw- IqSn (Cu
tXmakv kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m-´-®\pw IqSn skan-\mcn amt\-P-
cmbn, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏meoØm X\n®p \nb-an® A®\p
_Z-embn \nb-an-°-s∏´ tZl-am-Wv) Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
tbmSv kw`m-jWw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Iam¬Zo\pw
l\pw A¬]-t\cw Ign™v Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS
apdnbn¬ h∂p \n∂ tijw t]mI-bp-≠m-bn. \mep- a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
am¿ Iqdn-temkv Ipa-c-I-tØ°p t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A°c ]m∏-
®\pw I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kpw, \m´Iw sNdn-bm\pw ]m∏n sIme-t°-
knse ]Xn-I-fn¬ an°-hcpw Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb
B‰n¬ Xøm¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂ h≈w- hsc A\p-K-an-®p.
C\nbpw B\-∏m-∏nsb h[n® cwK-tØ°p ]th-in-°mw. kabw
GI-tZiw sshIp-t∂cw A©-c- aWn. sshIp-t∂-csØ Nmb- Ip-Sn-
°p-∂-Xn-\mbn h[n-°-s∏´ ]m∏n-bpw, sIme-t°-knse H∂mw km£n-
bp-amb a√w-Ip-gn-bn¬ tImc De-l-∂m-\pw, c≠mw km£n aS-Øn-∏-
d-ºn¬ h¿°n Nmt°mbpw IqSn skan-\mcn aW-∏p-d-tØ°p ]pd-
s∏´p. aW-∏p-dØv Nmb-°-S-Iƒ sI´n \n¿Øn-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nmb-
°-S-I-fpsS hS-°p-`m-KØv H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Ifpw Ip™mΩn F∂p
t]cp≈ Hcmfpw IqSn Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]m∏nbpw Iq´p-Imcpw IqSn
Nmb- th-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏- p. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-
Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw ]d-™-Xv, AhnsS ]m∏n°pw a‰pw \¬Im≥
Nmb Cs√-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. ]‰p-h-c-hp-Im-tcmSv Cu hn[-Øn¬ adp-]Sn
]d™p hnSp-∂Xv `wKn-b√m F∂v jm∏p-S-a-ÿ≥ hntcm-[n-®p.
""F∂m¬ R߃ ChnsS Ccn-°p-∂n√'' F∂p ]d™v H∂pw aq∂pw
]Xn-Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw Fgp-t∂-‰p. ]Sn -™m-dp -h-i-Øp≈
Bsctbm H∂mw-]Xn BwKyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw ]Sn-™msd `mK-
Øp≈ sjÕn¬ \n∂v Hcp -Iq´w Bfp-Iƒ ]m∏n-tbbpw sIme-t°-
knse H∂pw c≠pw km£n-I-tfbpw hf-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ]m¿-
´nsb \bn® ]m∏-®≥, bqZm sNbvX-Xp-t]mse ]m∏nsb Nq≠n-°m-´n-
s°m≠v ""CXmWv Bfv, Ahs\ ]nSn-°pI'' F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw X¬-
£Ww H∂mw-]Xn (I-am-ep-Zo≥) Hcp Ipdp-Ø-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-°p-Ibpw,
]m∏n B ASn ssIIƒsIm≠v XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. c≠mw ]Xnbpw
Hcp Ipdp-Ø-Sn-sIm≠v ]m∏nsb ASn-®p-ho-gvØn. ]m∏n sXt°m-t´mSn,
\Zn-bn¬ IqSn ]m™p. F√m-h-cpwIqSn ]m∏nsb Ipdp-Ø-Sn-sIm≠v
t]∏- nsb X√p-∂-Xp-t]mse ASn-®p. ASn sImSp-Ø-h¿ cwKØp \n∂v
88 B\-∏m∏n
HmSn ad-™p-I-f-™p. ]ecpw I´-∏p-dØp `h-\-Ønepw ]d-ºnepw
HmSn-°-b-dn.
GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ ]m∏n-bpsS klm-bm¿∞w HmSn-°q-Sn. skan-
\m-cnbn¬ \n∂v Hcp I´n¬ sIm≠p-h∂v Ah¿ ]m∏nsb AXn¬
InS-Øn, skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw Ahn-sS-\n∂v H∂-c-
ssa¬ Zqc-ap≈ tIm´bw t]meokv tÃj-\n-te°p Npa-∂p-sIm≠p
t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t]meokv A[n-Ir-X¿ ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn-
te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v hml-I-∑m¿
Aßs\ sNbvXp. X¬£Ww tUmIvS¿ Ubkv ]m∏nsb kµ¿in®p
apdnhp-Iƒ PmK-X-tbmsS sh®p-sI-´p-Ibpw, XpS¿∂p th≠ ipiq-
j-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. ]m∏n-
bpsS tZl-Øp≈ apdn-hp-Iƒ hfsc Bg-ta-dn-b-Xm-I-bmepw a‰pw
]m∏n-bpsS Bbp-n-s\-∏‰n D¬°WvT Df-hm-°n-b-Xn-\mepw ]m∏n-
bpsS ac-W-samgn FSp-°-W-sa-∂-`y¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v saUn-°¬ Hm^o-
k¿, aPn-kvtS-‰n\v Fgp-Øp- sIm-Sp-Ø-b-®p. aPn-kvtS‰v DS≥ Bip-
]-Xnbn¬ FØn, ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn hmßn. ]m∏n samgn- sIm-Sp-
°p∂ kabw Zp-l-amb thZ\ \nanØw Rc-°hpw sRfn-™p-
]ncn-bepw ]Z¿in-∏n-®p. aPn-kvtS‰v tNmZn® tNmZy-߃ c≠p- aq∂p
]mhiyw Bh¿Øn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Ah-bv°p≈ adp-]Sn ]e-
t∏mgpw Ahy-‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠pw ]m∏n Ipd®p Znh-k-tØ-
°p-IqSn Pohn-®n-cn-°m≥ km≤yX Ds≠-∂p≈ saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k-
dpsS A`n-]mbw \nan-Øhpw samgn-sb-Sp-°¬ X¬°mew aPnkvtS‰v
\n¿Øn h®p. AXn-I-Tn-\-amb thZ\ \nanØw ]m∏n°p ac-W-samgn
hmßnb tÉp-sa‚n¬ H∏p-sh-bv°m≥ \n¿hm-l-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
aPnkvtS‰v t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSv Cu Ip‰-sØ-∏‰n Adn-bm-
hp-∂-h-tcmSv hnh-c-߃ tNmZn®v sXfnhp tiJ-cn-®p-sIm-≈p-hm≥
B⁄m-]n-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]m-∏nsb I´n-
en¬ Npa-∂p-sIm≠p h∂-h-tcmSp samgn-Iƒ hmßn.
]nt‰-Zn-hkw AXm-bXv 19˛8˛87˛¬ ]m∏n-bpsS ÿnXn hfsc Bk-
¶m-P-\-I-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p. A∂p cmXn shfp-∏n\v aq∂p- a-Wn°v
Abmƒ Ncaw AS-™p. ]m∏n-bpsS \ncym-WsØ XpS¿∂v tIm´bw
t]meokv Hcp tIsk-Sp-Øp. Cu tIkns\ ]X-ß-fn¬ A∂p
""tIm´bw sIme-t°kv'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.
BsI 17 ]Xn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ 11 ]Xn-Isf ]nSn
In´n. _m°n 6 t]sc t]meo-kn\p ]nSn-In-´n-bn-√.
89B\-∏m∏n
II
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
km£n-samgn19˛mw km£n ae-¶c CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-
t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS samgn NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.
""Rm≥ tIm´bw kpdn-bm\n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ÿnc-am-bn´v Dt±iw
\mep sIm√-ambn Xma-kn-°p-∂p. acn® ]m∏nsb Adn-bpw. Nne-cpsS
Zpcm-tem-N-\-bn-t∑¬ GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ IqSn X√n-bpw, IpØnbpw
Sn ]m∏nsb A]m-b-s∏-SpØn F∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. skan-\m-cn-
bpsS hS-°p-h-i-Øp≈ aW-∏p-dØp h®mWv Aßs\ D≠m-b-Xv.
]m∏n Xncp-h-√m-°m-c-\m-Wv. Fs‚ tZl-c-£-bv°m-bn- mWv ]m∏n tIm -
b-tØ°p h∂-Xv. Xncp-h√m ]≈n-°m-cmWv Ahs\ Ab-®-Xv. tZl-
c-£-bv°mbn BZyw h∂Xv Ipw` -amkw HSp-hn-em-Wv. ]Øp ]Xn-
\©p Znhkw AhnsS Xma-kn®pw h®v Ahs‚ ho´n-te°p t]mbn.
]ns∂ ]m∏n ho≠pw h∂Xv IrXy-Zn-hkw A©mdp \mgnI ]pe¿∂-
Xns‚ tij-am-Wv. tZl-c-£-bv°mbn ]m∏nsb IqSmsX thsd Bfp-
Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Øn-cp-]-Ø©p t]¿ BI-∏msS D≠v. F∂m¬
Htc ka-bØv F´pw ]Øpw ]¥≠pw t]cp amXta skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ ImWp-I-bp-≈p. Ign™ Ipw`w 18˛mw XobXn skan-\m-cn-bn¬
h®v Hcp ASnIe-i-ep-≠m-bn. AXn¬ Fs∂-°qSn D]-Z-hn-®p F∂pw
taen¬ Ft∂bpw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Hcp tIƒhn
]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. Icp-Xn-°q´n FXn¿I£n Aßs\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®p
F∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. CXns‚ hmkvX-h-ÿnXn Adn-hm-\mbn ]e
]≈n-°mcpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p. \S∂ Imcy-߃ Ah¿
tNmZn-®-dn-™p. taen¬ C]-Im-c-sam∂pw D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m\pw Fs‚
tZl-c-£bv°pw GXm\pw Bfp-Isf Ab-bv°-W-sa∂v Ah¿ IqSn
\n›-bn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn-®mWv Fs‚bpw a‰pw tZl-c-£bv°v B ]≈n-
°m¿ Bfp-Isf Ab-∏m≥ Imc-W-am-b-Xv. Aßs\ ]Øp-]-¥≠p
]≈n-°m¿ Bfb®n´p≠v. ]pXp-∏-≈n, hmI-Øm-\w, Ipdn-®n, a√-∏≈n,
sNß-∂q¿, B\n-°m-Sv, amth-en-°-c, \nc-Ww, Xncp-h√ Cß-s\-bp≈
]≈n-°m-cmWv Bfp-Isf Ab-®-Xv. tZl-c-£-°m¿ ChnsS D≈-Xp-
sIm≠v AI-a-߃ D≠m-ImsX Ccn-°-bmWv F∂v F\n°p tXm∂n-
bn-´p-≠v. AXmbXv tZl-c-£-°m¿ C√m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬ Nne
90 B\-∏m∏n
AIa߃ \S-t∂s\ F∂v F\n°v tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. Nne taØ-∑m-
cmWv F∂v H‰ ImgvN- sIm≠p tXm∂n-b-h¿ Fs‚ t\¿°p h∂n-
´p≠v. Rm≥ Hgn-™p-amdn t]mbn-´p-ap-≠v. hcm-¥-bn¬ IqSn Rm≥
\S-°p-tºmƒ Ch¿ Fs‚ t\¿°v Hgn-™p-am-dmsX h∂n-´p-≠v. am\-
Øns\ b∂v Rm≥ amdn-t∏m-bn- p-≠v. taØ-∑mcpw tNmh-∑mcpw am∏n-
f-amcpw Iq´w-IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p XpS-ßn-bXv IrXy-Zn-h-k-
Øn\p Dt±iw ]Øp Znhkw apºm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ an°-t]-cpsS
ssIbnepw Ipdp-hSn ImWpw. Hcp-Øs‚ ssIhiw hSn-hmfpw ImWpw.
h∂n-´p≈ am∏n-f-am-cn¬ I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kv, A°c ]m∏≥, ]md-
bv°¬ tPm¨, skan-\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Ip´≥, A\p-P≥ sNdn-
bm≥, XpI-e≥ ho´p-Im-c≥ Hcp sIm®≥, \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ CXbpw
Bfp-Isf amXta Rm\-dn-bp-I-bp-≈p. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-Isf
sN∂p t\m°n. Ch-cn¬ Rm≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ ]Øpw ]Xn-
s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ AhnsS Bƒ°q-´-ambn hcp∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ IqSn-
bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. Ch-cpsS ssIbn¬ Ipdp-h-Snbpw a‰pw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p Xo¿®-bmbn ]d-bp-hm≥ Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Bcp-
sS-sb√mw ssIh-i-amWv Bbp-[-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v Adn-hn-√.
F∂m¬ ]m∏s‚ ssIh-i-amWv hSn-hm-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ B
hSn-hmƒ Ducn Rm≥ I≠n-´n-√. hnti-j-s∏´ hSn Abmƒ h®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. AXp hSn-hm-fm-sW∂p Bfp-Iƒ
]d-™v Rm≥ Adn-™n-´p-≠v. kn. sP. Ipcys‚ tPyjvTs‚ aI-
\mWv B A°c ]m∏≥. XpI-e≥ sIm®≥ F∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv
A°c ]m∏s‚ tPyjvTs‚ aIsf sI´n AhnsS Ah-Imiw Ibdn
Ccn-°p∂ Bfm-Wv. Ch¿ Iq´w IqSn AhnsS \n∂v NoØ- hm-°p-
Iƒ ]d-bp-Ibpw AhnsS Hs°bpw [n°m-c-ambn Ibdn Ccn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂Xv I≠n-´p-≠v. ]ns∂ Hmtcm Iem]w D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Rm≥
hnfn®p tNmZn-°pw. At∏mƒ Cu hI Bfp-Iƒ siΩm-i-∑msc `b-
s∏-SpØn F∂pw Ah-cpsS apdn-bn¬ aÆp hmcn Fdn™p F∂pw
a‰p-≈-hsc `b-s∏-SpØn F∂pw Bfp-Iƒ ]d-™n-´p-ap-≠v. Rm≥
Nne D]-Z-h-߃ A\p- -hn-®n- p-ap-≠v. AsX-s¥-∂m¬ Cu \n¬°p∂
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xn sNdn-bm≥ Rm≥ \S-°p∂ hcm-¥-bn¬ Rm≥
I≠n√ F∂ `mhw \Sn®v AhnsS Ibdn Ccp-∂n-´p-≠v. Abmƒ Hcp
ImeØv Fs‚ hmey-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂-h-\mWv! AXp-sIm≠v hcm-¥-
bn¬ F\n°v \S-°p-∂-Xn\v Aku-I-cy-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. taØ-∑mcpw
tNmh-∑mcpw XmgsØ \ne-bn¬ [n°m-c-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-X-
√msX Rm\n-cn-°p∂ c≠m-asØ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥ apºv ]d™ Hcn-
°-e-√msX Fs‚ t\¿°v h∂-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Rm\n-cn-°p∂
91B\-∏m∏n
apdn-bpsS ]Sn™msd hc-m¥-bn-te°v Cd-ßm-\p≈ hmXn-en\p ]pd-
Øp-\n-∂p-sIm≠v Ip‰n-bn´v Xpd-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Xm-°n. Aßs\ c≠p-
]m-hiyw sNbvXp.
tNmZyw: CXp- Iq-SmsX Iq´-ambn h∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ Bsc-¶n-ep-
ambn´v Ahn-Sp∂v t\cn´v kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v CS h∂n-´pt≠m?
DØcw: D≠v. A°c ]m∏-®-\p-ambn t\cn´p kwkm-cn-°m≥ CS
h∂n-´p-≠v. AXv Cu IrXy-Øn\p As©´p Znhkw apºm-Wv. Ip∂w-
Ip-f-ß-c-°m-c≥ Hcp InkvXym-\n, sNhnSp tIƒ°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ
s]m´≥, I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kns‚ hmey-°m-c-\mbn skan-\m-cn-bpsS
Ing-°p-hiw ]m¿°p-∂p-≠v. B s]m´≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqsS-°qsS
hcn-Ibpw sNøpw. Abmsf Fs‚ Bfp-I-fmtcm X√n-sb∂pw AXp
Rm≥ tNmZn-°m-Ø-]£w Xm≥ tNmZn-°p-sa∂pw A°c ]m∏-®≥
Fs‚ apdn-bpsS hcm-¥-bn¬ Ib-dn-h∂v Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. F∂n´v
Rm≥ Fs‚ Bfp-Isf hnfn-∏n®p tNmZn-®-Xn¬ Aßs\ bmsXm-
∂p-ap-≠m-bn-´n-s√∂v a\-n-em-bn. taenepw bmsXmcp hg-°p-ap-≠m-
Im-sX-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ ]tXyIw N´w-sI-´o-´p≈ Imcy-am-Wv.
CXbpw ]m∏-®≥ Adn-™-Xn-\ptijw ]m∏-®≥ t]mbn. t]mIp-
tºmƒ tIm]-tØm-Sp-IqSn ""F∂mepw h√-Xp-sams° Ignbpw'' F∂p
]d-™mWv t]mb-Xv. Rßsf `b-s∏-SpØn Fs∂bpw siΩm-i-∑m-
scbpw a‰pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°nbpw sh®v skan-\m-cnbpw
]pc-bn-Shpw Iqdn-temkv saXm\v G¬]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v kn. sP.
Ipcy\pw I´-∏p-dØp tXmakpw Btem-N\ \S-Øn-b-Xns‚ ^e-am-
bn- mWv Bfp-Iƒ tiJ-c-am-bn v skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Cuhn[w sNøp-
∂-sX-∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ Ipw`w 18˛mw Xob-
Xn°p tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-´n-√m-sb-¶nepw Abm-fpsS Btem-
N-\bpw IqSn-bn-´p-s≠-∂mWv Fs‚ hnizm-kw. F∂m¬ B Imcy-
Øn¬ F\n-°-dn-hn-√. taØ-∑m¿ AhnsS hcp∂ Imcy-Øn\v ]cn-
lm-c-ap-≠m-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®p. taØ-∑m-cpsS ][m-\n-bmb
]co-°p-´nsb A°-c Ip™q™v apJm-¥cw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcpØn.
]co-°p´n hcp-∂Xv I≠p-sIm≠v skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqSn-bn-cp∂ taØ-
∑m¿ F√mw amdn-°-f™psh∂v tI´p. ]co-°p-´n-tbmSv Cu kwKXn
]d-™-Xn¬ At∏mƒ AhnsS taØ-∑m-cm-cp-an-s√∂pw th≠-t]mse
N´wsI´n-s°m-≈m-sa∂pw ]d-™pw-sh®v Ah\pw Ip™q™pw
t]mbn. AXp-sIm≠v Imcy-Øn\v HXp-°-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-√. taØ-
∑m¿ apºn-e-sØ-t∏m-se-Xs∂ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Iq´p-IqSn hcp∂
Bfp-Iƒ an°- k-a-b-ß-fnepw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs∂-bp-≠v. AXn¬
92 B\-∏m∏n
taØ-∑m¿ aW-∏p-dØv I™n-h®p IpSn-®p-sIm≠v skan-\m-cn-bn¬
hcp∂p F∂mWv tI´n-´p-≈-Xv. skan-\m-cnsb kw_-‘n®v tIm´bw
Unhn-j≥ H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ Hcp ka-cn-t°-kp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.
CXnse H∂mw FXn¿I£n Rm\m-Wv. CXnse c≠mw FXn¿I£n
a -bv°-e-®≥ F∂ Bfm-Wv. DØ-c-h-\p-k-cn®v skan-\m-cn-tbbpw a‰pw
CXn¬\n∂pw F\n°v ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn X∂n-´p-≠v. CXns\ t`Z-
s∏-SpØn thsd-hn[w \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-∏m-\m-bn´v bmsXmcp k¿°m-cp-
tZym-K-ÿ\pw AhnsS h∂n-´n-√. Iqdn-temkv saXm≥ skan-\m-cn-bn-
ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ IrXy-Øn\v H∂p-c≠v aWn-°q¿ apºv Ahn-
sS-\n∂v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. c≠m-asØ \ne-bn¬ ]Sn-™msd
H´-Øn¬ sXt° A‰sØ apdn-bn-emWv At±lw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
IrXy-Zn-hkw t]mb-tijw At±lw XncnsI skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-
´n-√. apgp-h≥ kmam-\-ßfpw IrXy-Zn-hkw At±lw sIm≠p-t]m-bn√.
]ns∂ ]Øn-cp-]Xp Znhkw Ign-™-tijw _m°n kmam-\-߃
sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-te-°mbn ^nen∏v At∏m-Øn-°cn Fs‚ ASp-
°¬ h∂p tNmZn-°p-Ibpw sImSp-Ø-b-bv°m≥ Rm≥ Fs‚ amt\-
P-tcmSv N´wsI´p-Ibpw A]-Imcw sImSp-Ø-b-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv Rm≥ t\m°n-bn-√. IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bn¬
sshZn-I-∑m¿ Ign-t°≠ I¿Ω߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v am¿ Iqdn-temkv
saXm\v tIm -bØv thsd ]≈nIfp-≠v. AsXm∂v tIm -bØv henb
]≈n-bm-Wv. AXp- Iq-SmsX ]mW-º-Sn-∏≈n Fs∂mcp ]≈n-bp-ap-≠v.
hen-b-]≈n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Dt±iw Ac- \m-gnI Zqsc-bm-Wv.
Ic -hgn t]mI-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp \mgnI Zqcw ImWpw. ]mW-º-Sn-
°¬ ]≈n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Btd-gp -\m-gnI AI-se-bm-Wv.
skan-\mcn]≈nbpw sNdnb]≈nbpw ]q´p-∂-Xn\v UnkvSnIvSv aPn-
kvtS-‰n¬ \n∂v DØ-c-hp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. B DØ-chp]Imcw skan-
\mcn ]≈n ]q´n-°n-S-°p-tºmgmWv taØ-∑mcpw tNmh-∑mcpw InkvXym-
\n-Ifpw Iq´w-Iq-´-ambn h∂pXp-S-ßn-b-Xv. DØ-c-hns‚ Xob-Xn°p
apºmbn skan-\mcn Fs‚ A[o-\-Øn-em-Wn-cp-∂-Xv. ka-cn-t°kv XpS-
ßn-b-Xn-\p-tijw am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm≥ skan-\m-cn-∏-≈n-bn¬
I¿Ωw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn Hm¿Ω-bn-√. ka-cn-t°-kns‚ BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬
GXm\pw Znhkw Ft∂m-Sp-IqSn I¿Ωw \S-Øm≥ kw_-‘n®p
It≠°mw. IrXy-Zn-hkw ]I¬ A©p- a-Wn-°mWv I¿Ω-Øn\p
t]mb-Xv. A©c At©-ap-°m¬ aWn-hsc I¿Ωw \S-Øn. ASn-
sIm≠-Xn-s‚-tijw ]m∏nsb Rm≥ I≠n´n-√. aW-∏p-d-Øp- h®p
]m∏n NØp-t]mbn F∂mWv Rm\mZyw tI´-Xv. ]n∂oSv H∂p- IqSn
Xnc-°n-b-t∏m-gmWv A¬]w Bizm-k-ap-s≠∂p tI´Xv. BbXv BZyw
93B\-∏m∏n
tI´p. ]ns∂ Ac- ap-°m¬ \mgnI Ign-™mWv Fs‚ I¿Ω-Øns‚
Ah-km\ ka-b-ØmWv IrXy-ap-≠m-b-Xv. aW-∏p-dØv \ne-hn-fnbpw
tI´p. GXmt≠m Atem-ly-ambn Nne i_vZw tI´-X-√msX Rm≥
I¿Ω-Øn-en-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v AXn-s\-∏‰n \∂mbn i≤n-®n-√. I¿Ωw
Ign™v apdn-bn¬ \n∂n-d-ßnb DSs\ kwKXn Rm\-dn-™p. Fs‚
tZl-c-£-bv°mbn h∂-bm-fns\ X√n-s°m-∂t√m F∂ thZ-\- sIm≠v
Rm≥ ]m∏nsb t]mbn I≠n√ (C-hnsS km£n°v KZvK-Z-kz-c-ambn
t\X-ß-fn¬ Aip-I-W-߃ \nd-™p). Abmƒ°v izmk-ap≠v F∂v
Rm\-dn-™t-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v th≠ Imcy-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-
sa∂v F\n°v hnizm-k-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ At\z-jn-°m-\mbn
t]mbn-√.
tNmZyw: ]m∏n-sb-Øs∂ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ X√n-s°m-√m≥ h√Xpw
Imc-W-apt≠m?
DØcw: Ds≠-∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. Fs‚ tZl-c-£bv°p h∂
Bfp-I-fn¬ A[nIw i‡n-bp-≈-h≥ ]m∏n-bm-Wv. Ahs\ X√n-bm¬
_m°n-bp≈ tZl-c-£-°m¿ `b∂v s]mbvs°m-≈pw F∂p hnNm-cn-
®m-bn-cn-°Ww ]m∏n-bp-sS-ta¬ Cu AIaw \S-Øn-sb-∂p-Ø-cw. Cu
CS Rm\-dn-bp∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ ]m∏n hfsc i‡n-bp-≈-h-\m-Wv. tZl-
c-£bv°p hcp∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ Nne¿ Bh-iyw-t]mse Ah-cpsS hoSp-
I-fn¬ t]mbn Xncn-®p- h-cpw. B apdbv°v ao\w 18˛mw XobXn ]m∏nbpw
h∂p F∂p amXta F\n-°-dn-hp-≈p. Ah¿ t]mIbpw hcp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂Xv Ft∂mSv tNmZn-®-√. Nne-t∏mƒ Ft∂mSpw ]d-t™®p
t]mI-bn√ F∂p-an-√. Rm≥ I¿Ωw \S-Øn-bXv siΩm-i-∑m-cp-am-
sbm-∂m-bn-´m-Wv. R߃ I¿Ωw Ign™v ap≥Iq´n siΩm-i-∑m-cn-
dßpw. Rm≥ kz¬]w IqSn [ym\-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-XmWv ]Xn-hv. ]m¿-
∞\ Ign™v Rm≥ \mep-sI- n-\-IØv h∂-t∏mƒ Nµ-Øn¬ siΩm-
i≥ Ic-™pw-sIm≠v Fs‚ ASp-°¬ HmSn-h-∂p. IrXy-Øns‚
kwKXn ]d-™p. ]m∏nsb X√n-s°m∂p F∂mWv ]d-™-Xv. C∂-
h-gntb IrXyw \S-°p-I-bp≈p Fs∂-\n°v t_m≤yw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-
Xp-sIm≠v, IrXy-sØ-°p-dn®v A∂v hnh-c-ambn tNmZn-®n-√. NØp-
t]mtbm AtXm Poh-\pt≠m F∂v Xnc°n Adn-t™-®p- h-cm-\m-
bn´v Abmsf ]d-™-b-®p. Ipd-®m-izm-k-ap≠v F∂p ]d-™pw-sh®v
Abmƒ e°n-√m-Ø-h-s\-t∏mse Ic-™pw-sIm≠v ]Sn-™m-tdm-t´mSn.
Abmƒ°v 12, 14 hbt ]mb-ap-≈p. ]ns∂ Abmƒ°v Rm≥ Bf-
b-®p. Abmsf Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw Fs∂bpw X√n-s°m-√p-sa∂v FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ
94 B\-∏m∏n
`bs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v sIm®p-si-Ωm-i≥ hfsc b-∂p-
t]mbn F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. ka-cn-t°-kn¬ H∂mw-I£n kn.
sP. Ipcy-\m-Wv. 2˛mw I£n amØ≥ IØ-\m-cm-Wv. kn. sP. Ipcys\
Rß-sfms° hnfn-°p-∂Xv A°c sIm®p-Ip™v F∂m-Wv. "sIm®p-
Ip™p apX-emfn' F∂-v Abmsf thsd Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ hnfn-°pw.
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A∂p-Iq-Snb taØ-∑m¿, tNmI-∑m¿, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ
Ch-cn¬ H‰-t\m- -Øn¬ F\n-°-dn-bm-hp∂ Bfp-Itf amXta F\n°v
\n›-b-ambn ]d-bm≥ ]mSp-≈p. tij-am-fp-Isf Bƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-
bn´pw Bƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ X°-h-Æhpw Rm≥ t\m°o-´n-√. AXp-
sIm≠v ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ Hgn®v tijw Cu \n¬°p∂
]Xn-Iƒ AhnsS h∂p-Iq-Sn-b-h-cmtWm A√tbm F∂v Fs‚ kz¥w
Adn-hp-sIm≠v ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ]Ømw ]Xn sIm®p-Ip-´≥ ka-cn-
t°-kp≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp tPmen-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂-
h-\m-Wv.
tImkv
1 apX¬ 7 hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ cma-kzman Aø¿.
Iqdn-temkv saXm-\m-bn´v \mep- sIm-√-am-bn. AXn-\ptijw ÿnc-
am-bn´v ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ At±lw Xma-kn-®n-´n-√. tIm´-bØp hcp-
tºmƒ At±lw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°pw. Ipw`w 18˛mw
XobXn At±lw AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Xma-kn® apdn-
bpsS Xmt°m¬ Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ amt\-P-cpsS ssIh-i-am-Wn-cn-°p-
∂Xv. B Xmt°m¬ Iqdn-temkv saXms‚ ssIhiw Ccp-∂n-√.
tIm¿´n¬ \n∂pw F\n°v skan-\mcn ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn X∂-t∏mƒ
Xmt°m-en-√mØ F√m apdn-I-fp-sSbpw Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ Rm≥ Xo¿-
∏n®p. B apdbv°v am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm≥ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ apdn-
bpsS Xmt°mepw ]pØ-\mbn Xo¿∏n-®p. Xo¿∏n-®Xp Rm-\-√, a´-
bv°¬ IØ-\m-cm-Wv. tIm¿´n¬ \n∂v \S-Øn-Ø∂ ImeØv am¿
Iqdn-temkv Xma-kn® apdn°v Xmt°m-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw AXv
At±-l-Øns‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.
\S-Øn-Ø∂ ImeØv am¿ Iqdn-tem-kv B apdn-°-IØv Xma-kn-°p-
∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ahn-sS-\n∂v h√ Zn°n-te°pw t]mIp-
tºmƒ At±lw Xma-kn-°p∂ apdn ]q´n-bn- p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-sWs‚
hnizm-kw. Rm≥ t\m°n-bn-´n-√. B Xmt°m¬ At±lw t]mIp-
tºmƒ Fs∂ G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw XncnsI hcp-tºmƒ Ft∂mSv XncnsI
hmßn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´n-√. AXn\p Imc-W-ap-≠v. \SØn hmßn-b-
Xn-\p-tijw B apdn-bn-t∑epw F\n°v kzmX-¥yw Ccn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-
95B\-∏m∏n
X-√msX Fs∂-t∏mse Hcp saXm-\mb am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ Xma-
ksØ XS--s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sat∂m Aku-I-cy-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sat∂m
F\n°v Xm¬]cyw C√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\mepw Fs‚ BfpsS ssIbn¬
B apdn-bpsS Xmt°m¬ Ds≠∂v am¿ Iqdn-tem-kn\v Adn-hp-≈-Xn-
\mepw BWv At±-l-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ Rm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smt\m
Xcmt\m CS-bm-hm-Ø-Xv. Fs‚ Xmt°m¬ B apdn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-
cp∂ ImeØv At±lw Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xmbn F\n-°-dn-hn-√. IrXy-Øn-
\p-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-bn¬\n∂v Fs‚ Xmt°m¬sIm≠v
Xpd∂v At±-l-Øns‚ kmam-\-߃ Ab-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ Fgp-
Ø-\p-k-cn-®-√, Bf-b-®-X-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-
Iƒ Ct∏mƒ am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ hmey-°m-cmb-√tbm \n¬°p-∂-
sX∂p tNmZyw. F\n-°-dn-hn√ F∂p-Ø-cw. I´-∏p-dØv tXmakv SÃn-
I-fm¬ \nb-an-°-s∏´ skan-\mcn amt\-P-cmtWm F∂v tNmZyw. SÃn-
I-fpsS Imcyta Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-°mØ Imcy-am-Wv. I´-∏p-dØp tXma-
kns\ a´-bv°¬ IØ-\m¿°v ]Icw amt\-P-cm°n \nb-an®p F∂v
Hcp t\m´okv a´-bv°¬ IØ-\m¿°v In´n-b-Xmbn Hcp tIƒhn-bp≠v.
\memw ]Xnsb Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-Øn-°-≠p. Chsc Xncn-®-dn-
bm≥ X°-hÆw Rm≥ kq£n®p I≠n-´n-√. Cbmƒ am¿ Iqdn-tem-
kns‚ ASp-°¬ iº-f-°m-c-\mtWmsb∂v Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. am¿
Iqdn-tem-kn-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ c≠v iº-f-°msc ImWp-∂p-≠v. Hcp hb-
-t\bpw Hcp sIm®-t\bpw I≠n-cp-∂p. \nßsf saXm≥ ÿm\-
Øp-\n∂p \o°w sNbvXn-´pt≠m F∂v tNmZyw (Cu Imcyw tIkn-
te°v kw_-‘-an-√m-Ø-Xm-I-sIm≠v Cu tNmZyw tImS-Xn-bm¬ XS-
b-s∏-´p). \nßfpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw XΩn¬ ]ca hntcm-[-Øn-et√
F∂p tNmZyw. R߃ XΩn¬ Hcp hmZw \S-°p-∂p-≠v. Fs∂ D]-
Z-hn-°m-\m-bn´v kn. sP. Ipcy≥ D’m-ln-°p-∂p≠v F∂p-Ø-cw.
Cu tIkn¬ ]Ww sNehp sNøp-∂Xv kn. sP. Ipcy-\t√ F∂v
]Xn-`mKw h°o¬ tNmZn-®p. ]n∂oSv B tNmZyw At±lw Xs∂
]n≥h-en-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
IrXy-Øn\v F´p-]Øp Znh-k-Øn\p apºp apX¬ taØ-∑m-scbpw
tNmI-∑m-scbpw InkvXy∑m-tcbpw an°-t∏mgpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ I≠n-
´p-≠v. Rm≥ Xma-kn-°p-∂ apdn-bpsS hcm-¥-bn-emWv Nne taØ-
∑m¿ h∂v Fs∂ Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. AXm-cm-sW∂v F\n°v \n›-
b-ambn ]d-bm≥ Xc-an-√. Ah¿ am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-bn-cn-°p∂
`mK-Øp- \n-∂mWv h∂-Xv. Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-bpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂v
hcm-¥-bn¬IqSn Fs‚ apdn-bn-te°v hcmw. apI-fn-te°v Ib-dp∂
96 B\-∏m∏n
tKmh-Wn-∏Sn km[m-cW Xpd-∂mWv InS-°p-∂-Xv. taØ-∑m¿ Cßs\
Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ h∂Xv ]I-em-sW-∂-√msX C∂-t∏m-gm-sW-t∂m-
¿°p-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ At∏mƒ hSnbpw a‰pw D≠m-bn-cp-
∂n√ F∂m-sWs‚ Hm¿Ω. Ah¿ \mep-t]-cn¬ IqSp-I-bn-s√-∂m-
tWm¿Ω. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw I´-∏p-dØp tXmakpw Btem-Nn® B
Btem-N-\-bpsS e-am-bn v Bfp-Isf skan-\m-cn-bn-te-°-b-®Xv F∂v
Fs‚ kz¥ Adn-hp-sIm-≠v ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ]ns‰-Zn-hkw Fß-s\-
sbm-s°-bmWv IrXyw \S-∂-sX∂p Rm≥ At\z-jn-®p. IrXyw I≠-
h-cn¬ Nne-tcm-sSm-s°bpw thsd Nne-tcmSpw Rm≥ tNmZ-n®-dn-™n-
´p≠v. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ H∂pw c≠pw Ipin-\n-°m-tcmSpw Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-
bnse H∂p-c≠p t]tcmSpw Rm≥ tNmZn-®-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p-≠v. Rm≥
t\cn- mWv tNmZn-®-Xv. IrXy-Øns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw t]meo-kp-Im¿ Fs‚-
b-Sp-°¬ h∂n-√. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ aW-∏p-dØpIqsS Hcp
Znhkw t]mbn F∂p ]d-™p -tI-´p. AXv IrXy-Øns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-h-k-
am-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂m-tWm¿Ω. ]n∂oSv t]meo-kp-Im¿ Cu tIk-t\z-j-
W-Øn\v h∂n-´p-≠v. GXp Znh-k-am-sW∂p \n›-b-an-√. ]c-ta-iz-c≥
]n≈ C≥kvs]-IvSdpw ]n∂oSv G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Hcp _m“-
W\pw AhnsS h∂n-cp-∂p. t]meokv Akn-Â v kq]≠pw h∂n-
cp∂p. Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS‰v tKmhn-µ-∏n≈ Cu tIk-t\z-j-W-Øn\mbn
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂-Xm-b-dn-hn-√. Rm≥ I≠-Xm-tbm¿°p-∂n-√.
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Ft∂mSv tNmZn-°msX Xs∂ IrXyw I≠
Bfp-I-fpsS hnhcw Ah¿ Xnc°n Adn-™n- p-≠v. ]ns∂ Ah¿ Fs‚
ASp-°¬ h∂v tNmZn® hnh-c-߃s°√mw Rm≥ adp-]-Snbpw ]d™p.
AXtb D≠m-bn-´p-≈p. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈bpw G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-
IvSdpw Hcp-an®pw h∂n-´p-≠v. c≠m-bn´pw h∂n-´p-≠v. BZyw t]meokv
C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈ h∂v FX Znhkw Ign-™n-´mWv
G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ h∂-sX-t∂m¿°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ Fs‚ apdn-
bn¬ h∂v Fs∂ ImWp∂ kwK-Xn-sb-∏-‰n-bmWv Cu ]d-™-
sXms°. Bƒ°q´w IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Ønb
kwKXnsb∏‰n Rm≥ Fs‚ t]cp- sh®v l¿Pn-Iƒ sImSp-Ø-Xmbn
Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Rm≥ ]d-™n´pw thsd Bcpw l¿Pn sImSp-Øn-´n-√.
F∂m¬ Nne siΩm-i-∑mcpw a¬]m\pw l¿Pn sImSp-Ø-Xmbn tI´n-
´p-≠v. Cu IrXy-sØ-∏‰n Rms\mcp Iºn Ab-®n- p-≠v. Znhm≥Pnt°m
dkn-U-≠nt\m t]meokv kq]-≠nt\m F∂p \n›-b-an-√. a´-bv°¬
IØ-\mcpw Iºn Ab-®p -Im-Wpw. Rm≥ Ab® Iºn-bpsS hmN-I-
߃ F\n-t°m¿Ω-bn-√. Cu tIkn¬ Rm≥ Ipsd ]W-sams°
sNe-hm-°n-bn- p-≠v. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ h∂-t∏mƒ IrXyw- I≠
97B\-∏m∏n
km£n-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cpt∂m C√tbm F∂p Rm\-t\z-
jn-®n-´n-√. C≥kvs]-IvS¿ B Imcyw Ft∂mSv tNmZn-®n-´n-√.
a -bv°¬ IØ-\m¿ Iºn-Iƒ Ab-®p-Im-Wpw. Ab-®n- p-s≠-∂mWv
Adn-hv. Ipgn-a‰w ]≈n-bn¬ Rm≥ t]mIm≥ CS-h-∂n-´n-√. B ]≈n-
°m¿ Fs‚ `c-WsØ hg-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Nne-sc√mw hg-ßm-
sXbpw ImWptam C√tbm F∂-dn-hn-√.
7 apX¬ 11 hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ Ipcy≥.
]co-°p-´nsb sIm≠p-h∂ Ip™q™pw, kn. sP. Ipcy\pw
tPyjvTm-\p-P-∑m-cpsS a°-fmWv. B Ip™q™v am¿§-kw-_-‘-amb
hmZ-Øn¬ Fs‚ I£n-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv t]Sn-bm¿°n\v ae-¶ck`
ta¬ euIn-Im-[n-Im-chpw Dƒ`-c-Whpw Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw hmZn-
°p∂ c≠v I£n-I-fn¬ Fs‚ I£n-I-fn¬ tN¿∂ Bfm-Wv. tIm´-
bØv henb]≈n sX°pw-`m-K-°m-cpsS ]≈n-bm-Wv. sX°pw-`m-K-
°m¿°v Rm\pw kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-bhpw kΩ-Xn®v Hcp saXm-\p-
≠m-bn-´n-√. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv sX°pw-`m-K-°m-cpsS Iq´-
Øn¬\n∂v Hcmsf Hcp saXm-\mbn hmgn-®n-´p-≠v. IrXy-k-a-bØv
]m¿∞-\bv°v t]msb∂v ]d-™Xv Znh-tk\ ]Xn-hp≈ ]m¿∞-\-
bm-Wv. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]m¿∞-\bv°v aWn-b-Sn-°m-dp-≠v. aWn-bSn-
°p∂Xv siΩm-i-∑mcpw kpdn-bm\n ]Tn-Ø-°m-cmb a‰p-≈-hcpw h∂p-
Iq-Sp-∂-Xn-te-°m-Wv. ]m¿∞-\ kpdn-bm\n mj-bn-em-Wv. a‰p≈ Bfp-
Iƒ°pw h∂v Bcm-[\ Ign-°p-∂-Xn\p hntcm-[-an-√. Rmb-dm-gvNbv°v
P\-߃ IqSp-tºmƒ Ip¿∫m\ \S-Øp-∂Xv kpdn-bm\n mj-bn-emWv.
a‰p≈ Bfp-Ifpw h∂v Bcm-[\ Ign-°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-√. Rmb-
d-mgvNbv°v P\-߃ IqSp-tºmƒ Ip¿∫m\ \S-Øp-∂Xv kpdn-bm-\n-
bn¬ sNm√n ]ns∂ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ X¿÷a sNbvXm-Wv. ]m∏n acn-®-
Xn-s\-∏‰n ]m∏n-bpsS `mcybv°v Rm≥ Adn-hp- sIm-Sp-Øn-´n-√. Rm≥
i´wsI´n-bp-an-√. ka-cn-t°kv D≠mb DSs\ ]kv P]vXn sNbvX-Xn-
\m¬ ]Ømw ]Xn ]kv tPmen-bn¬ \n∂v Xmt\ amdn-t∏m-bn. skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ t]meo-kp-Imsc Nne-t∏mƒ I≠n-cp-∂p. skan-\mcn _¥-
thm-kvXn-\m-bn-´msW∂mWv Adn-hv. AXn¬ Hcp ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-
_nƒ IqSn Ds≠-∂m-W-dn-hv. t]meo-kp-Imcpw IqSn \ap°v hntcm-[n-
I-fm-bn-´mWv IrXyw \S-Øn-b-sX∂pw tI´n-´p-≠v. ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-
_nƒ IqsS ASn-®-Xmbpw ]d-™-sX-t∂m¿Ω-bn-√.
dohmZw
Znh-tk\ sshIp-t∂-c-ap≈ kpdn-bm\n ]m¿∞-\sb ae-bm-f-
98 B\-∏m∏n
Øn¬ X¿÷a sNøm-dn-√. sshIp-t∂-csØ ]m¿∞-\bv°pw
ImesØ ]m¿∞-\bv°pw km[m-c-W-bmbn tZl-c-£-°m¿ hcnI
]Xn-hn-√. Ahn-sS-bp≈ the-°mcpw Ipin-\n-°mcpw kao-]-ap≈ P\-
ßfpw B ]m¿∞-\bv°v hcmdp ]Xn-hn-√. tIm´-bØv henb]≈n-
bn¬ F\n-°pw Iqdn-temkv saXm\pw hS-°pw-`m-K-°m¿°v F√m-
h¿°pw B ]≈n-bn-ep≈ I¿Ω-Øn¬ kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn\p
bmsXmcp hntcm-[-hp-an-√. sX°pw-`m-K-°m-cp-sSbpw hS-°pw-`m-K-°m-
cp-sSbpw I¿Ω-Øn\p bmsXmcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√.
99B\-∏m∏n
III
Fw. F. A®s‚ samgnt]mkn-Iyq-j≥ `mKsØ 14˛mw km£n-bmbn ^m. ]n. Sn. Koh-dp-
Kokv (Fw. F. A®≥. ]n∂oSv _Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv) \¬Inb
samgn:
""Rm≥ Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-Wv. Ign™ ao\-
am-k-Øn¬ Rm≥ tIm´-b-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ign™ ao\w 17˛mw
XobXn sshIp-t∂cw 5 aWn°v ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn. am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-®s\ ImWm-\mWv Rm≥ t]mb-Xv. Rm≥
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ib-dn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ c≠v apl-Ω-Zo-bsc skan-\mcn
ap‰-Øp -h®p I≠p. Ah¿ Fs∂ I≠p-sIm≠v Ah¿ XΩn¬ kwkm-
cn-°p-Ibpw Ing-t°m´v \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ing-t°m´v \S-
∂p-t]m-bXv Ingt° Kbn-‰ns‚ ASp-°-te-°m-Wv. B apl-Ω-Zo-b¿
Rm≥ AhnsS sN∂-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bpsS hSt° ap‰Øv Ccn-°p-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ saXm-®-s\bpw I≠pw-h®v XncnsI h≠n-bn¬
Ib-dm≥ mhn-®-t∏mƒ h≠n-°m-c≥ XSw ]d-™p. h≠n-bn¬ Rm≥
C√msX Ccp-∂-t∏mƒ c≠p-aq∂p apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ h∂v Bcp -h∂ h≠n-
bm-sW∂pw Ft∏mƒ XncnsI t]mIp-sa∂pw a‰pw tNmZn®pw ht®®p
t]mbn F∂pw h≠n XncnsI t]mIp-tºmƒ h≠nsb D]-Z-hn-°p-
sa∂pw Abmƒ ]d-™p. bmsXm∂pw D≠m-I-bn-s√∂v ]d-™p-
sIm≠v Rm≥ h≠n-bn¬ Ib-dn. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw GI-tZiw
c≠v ^¿temwKv Ing-t°m´v t]mb-t∏mƒ 12˛15 Bfp-Iƒ Fs‚ h≠n
XS-™p. h≠n-°m-c-t\mSv h≠n \ndpØm≥ ]d-™pw-sh®v h≠n ]nSn-
®p-\n-dp-Øn. ap‰Øp \n∂n-cp∂ apl-Ω-Zo-bsc I≠m¬ Rm≥
Adnbpw. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-Isf t\m°n. 1 Dw 3 Dw ]Xn-I-fm-Wv
skan-\m-cn-bpsS ap‰Øv Ccp-∂-hcpw XΩn¬ kwkm-cn-®pw-h®v Ing-
t°m´v \S-∂p-t]m-bXpw. Ipsd Bfp-Iƒ aptº sN∂v h≠n ]nSn-®p-
\n-dp-Øn. Ipsd Bfp-Iƒ ]pd-In¬ h∂v Fs‚ h≠n Xpd-∂p. h≠n-
bn¬ \n∂v Xmsg-bn-d-ßm≥ 1˛mw ]Xn Ft∂m-Sm-h-iys∏´p. tdmUn¬-
°qSn t]mIp∂ Bfp-Isf XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw Xmsg Cd-ßm≥ ]d-bp-∂-
Xn\pw \ymb-apt≠m F∂v Rm≥ tNmZn-®p. SÃn-I-fpsS Bfp-I-fmbn
Ahsc Imh-en\p \nb-an-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v
Fs¥-¶nepw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-t∂m- C-√tbm F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥
Ah¿°v I¿Øhyw Ds≠∂pw H∂mw ]Xn DØcw ]d-™p.
100 B\-∏m∏n
F∂m¬ ]cn-tim-[n-®p-sIm-≈Ww F∂p Rm≥ DØcw ]d-™p. Rm≥
h≠n-bn¬\n∂p Xmsg Cd-ßn-bn-√. ]ns∂ Fs‚ DSp-∏-gn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v
H∂mw ]Xn ]d-™p. DSp-∏-gn®p ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ F∂p Rm≥
]d™p. Abmƒ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ Ccp∂ hSn°v Ib-dn-∏n-Sn-®p. Rm≥
DSs\ hn´p-I-f-™p. hSn Abmƒ ssI°-em-°n. B hSn-tbbpw H∂mw
]Xn-bpsS ssIbn-ep≠mbn-cp∂ hSn-tbbpw Cu \n¬°p∂ 3˛mw ]Xn-
bpsS ssIbn-em-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p sImSp-Øpw-h®v Fs‚ h≠n-°-
IØv Ib-dm≥ `mhn-®p. Abmƒ Nhn-´p-]-Sn-bn¬ Ib-dn-b-t∏mƒ ]pd-
In¬\n∂p thsdm-cmƒ Abm-fpsS ssI°p sXm´p Ib-d≠m F∂v
AS-bmfw ImWn-®-Xm-bn-´mWv Rm≥ a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv. 1˛mw ]Xn
DSs\ Xmsg-bn-d-ßn. 1˛mw ]Xn-bpsS ssIbn¬ sXm´-Xm-cm-sW∂v
t\m°n-bn-√. hfsc ]cn- -a-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ Rm≥ Ccp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v sXm -
bm-fns\ Rm≥ kq£n-®p-t\m-°n-bn-√. ]ns∂ B Iq´-Øn¬ Btcm
Hcp-h≥ Abm-fpsS Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v Fs‚ h≠nsb H∂-Sn-®p. Ah-
cpsS F√m-h-cpsS ssIbnepw Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv AXn-
sem-cmƒ s]mbvt°m F∂p ]d-™p. Rm≥ h≠n hn´p-t]m-bn. Ah¿
skan-\mcn `mK-tØ°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ aWn
Bdc Bbn-°m-Wpw. \nem-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \n¬°p∂ aq∂mw
]Xn B Iq´-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B Iq´-Øn¬ Cu \n¬°p∂
11˛mw ]Xn D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v \n›-b-ambn ]d-bmw. tijw ]Xn-
Iƒ Bsc√mw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bm≥ \n›-b-an-√. Rm≥
saXm-®s‚ apdn-bn-te°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Cu 11˛mw ]Xn skan-\mcn
\Sp-ap-‰Øv Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ A©p -aWn Bbn-°mWpw.
11˛mw ]Xnsb AXn-\p -apºpw Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-
Isf A∂mWv Rm≥ BZyw I≠-Xv. H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ hSt°
ap‰-Øn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ hSn-bp-≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂v
Rm≥ kq£n-®n-√. Ah¿ DSs\ Fgp-t∂‰v Ing-t°m´v hcp-tºmƒ
Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B hSn-Iƒ°v Hcp
ssItbmfw \ofhpw Hcp ssI hÆhpw ImWpw. Rm≥ Cu kwK-Xn-
sb-∏‰n Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS‰v Ah¿Iƒ°v FgpXn Ab-®n-´p-≠v. AXv
\me-©p -Zn-hkw Ign-™m-Wv. B Fgp-ØmWv Fs∂ ImWn® Iyp
A°w. Iyp A°-Øn\p apºmbn Rm≥ sI. hn. Nmt°m slUvam-
Ãsd Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ ASp-°¬ ]d-™-b-®p. Cu kwKXn
aPn-kvtS-‰n-t\mSp tNmZn®v At±-l-tØmSp KpW-tZmjw tNmZn-°m-\m-
bn-´mWv Nmt°m slUvam-Ãsd ]d-™-b-®-Xv. Rm≥ ]nt‰Znhkw
ImesØ UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰ns\ I≠v hnhcw ]d-bm-\m-bn´v
t]mbn. Fs‚ hnkn-‰nwKv Im¿Uv sImSp-Øn´p At±-l-Øn\p ITn-\-
101B\-∏m∏n
amb Pe-tZm-j-am-sW∂pw 3 aWn Ign-™n´v ImWm-sa∂pw ]d-™-
b-®p. AXp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Xncn-®p-t]m-∂p. A∂p sshIp-t∂cw Rm≥
t]mbn-√. ]cn-`aw aqew F\n-s°mcp Xe-th-Z\ h∂-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥
t]mbn-√. Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ ASp-°¬ Nmt°m slUvam-ÿ
t]mbpw-sh®v aS-ßn-h-∂p. Rm≥ A\ymbw sImSp-°-W-sa∂v aPn-
kvtS‰v D]-tZ-in-®Xmbn Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. Rm≥ A\ymbw sImSp-
Øn-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ AXns‚ ]nt‰Zn-hkw sIme-]m-XIw
D≠m-Ip-Ibpw AXv k¿∆-]-[m-\-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]nt‰-
Znhkw Rmb-dm-gvNbpw AXns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw tIm¿´v tlmfn-tU-bp-
am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-s‚-tijw IjvSm-\p-`hBgvN apgp-h\pw R߃°v
hX-ap≈ Znh-k-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iyp A°w FgpØv Fgp-Xm≥
kwK-Xn-bm-bXv apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS ieyw Fs‚ t\¿°v D≠m-Ip-sa∂v
kwibw tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv. AXn\v Imc-W-ap-≠m-bn. 2˛3 Znh-k-
Øn\p apºv 5˛6 apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ Fs‚ ]pc-bn-S-Øn\p Np‰p-ap≈ DuSp-
h-gn-Iƒ t\m°n \n›-b-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v Fs‚ the-°m-c≥ ]d™v
Rm\-dn-™p. AXns\ AX -Xs∂ Rm≥ hI-sh-®n-√. Iyp A°w
Fgp-Xnb Znhkw cmhnse 3 apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ ]n®m-Ønbpw Ipdp-h-Sn-bp-
am-bn v Fs‚ Kbn-‰p-hsc h∂n-cp∂p F∂v Fs‚ the-°m-c≥ ]d™p.
DS-s\-bmWv Iyp A°w FgpØv Rms\-gp-Xn-b-Xv. Fs‚ hSn ]nSn-®p-
]-dn® kwK-Xnbpw a‰pw t]meo-kp-Imsc Rm≥ Adn-bn-®n-√. F¥p-
sIm-s≠-∂m¬ A∂n-cp∂ t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Iqkv F∂-bmƒ
kn. sP. Ipcys‚ I£n-tbmSv A\p-Iq-e-ambn \S-°p-∂-XpsIm≠v
t]meo-kn¬ Adn-bn-®m¬ ]tbm-P-\-an√ F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®-Xp-
sIm-≠m-Wv. t]meokv Akn-Â v kq]≠v Dt≠m F∂v i\n-bmgvN
Znhkw At\z-jn-®-Xn¬ At±lw k¿°o´p t]mbn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v
Rm\-dn-™p. Fs‚ hSn ]nSn®p ]dn® ka-bØv H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-
I-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ F\n-°-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 18- mw XobXn D®-I-gn™v
Ah-cpsS t]cv Adn-™p. H∂mw ]Xn-bpsS t]cv Iam-ep-Zo\m-sW-∂-
d-n™p. 11-˛mw ]Xn sNdn-bms‚ t]cv Fs‚ hSn ]nSn-®p-]-dn® ka-
bØv F\n-°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. SÃn F∂v H∂mw ]Xn ]d-™-t∏mƒ
kn. sP. Ipcy-\m-sW-∂mWv Rm≥ a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv. B ImeØv
At±lw SÃn F∂v hmZn-®p-sIm≠v hcp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. ao\w
17˛mw XobXn ASpØp apºv 1˛2 Znh-k-tØmfw Rm≥ skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ t]mIm-dn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-apºv Cu ]Xn-I-fn¬ 10 Dw 11 Dw
]Xn-I-sf-b-√msX tijwt]sc skan-\m-cn-bn¬h®v Rm≥ I≠n-´n√.
acn® ]m∏n knΩ-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂Xv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS tZl-
c-£-bv°m-Wv. tZl-c-£-°m-cmbn 5˛8 t]cn¬ Ipd-bmsX ao\w 18-˛mw
102 B\-∏m∏n
XobXn hsc-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°p sIm≠p-
t]m-b-Xn-\p-tijw Rm\pw Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ t]mbn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ggc,
F´p- a-Wn°v Rm≥ Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ FØn. ]gbknΩ-\m-cn-bn¬
\n∂p ]oen-t∏mkv siΩm-i≥ HmSn-h∂v ]m∏nsb ASn-®n-´n-cn-°p-∂p-
sh∂pw NØp-t]m-tb-°p-sa∂pw ]d-™p. Rm≥ c≠p kvt\ln-X-
∑msc Bf-b®p hcpØn Ah-tcmSv Cu Imcyw kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp-∂p. At∏mƒ At©ap-°m¬ aWn-bm-Ipw. kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-
∂-t∏m-gmWv ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂v
Bƒ h∂p ]d-™-Xv. Rm≥ DSs\ Bip-]-Xn°p t]mbn. At∏mƒ
]m∏n-tbmSp kwkm-cn-®n-√. kwkm-cn-°m≥ ian-®n-√. Rm≥ AhnsS
sN∂-t∏mƒ tUmIvS¿ kmbn∏v ]m∏n-tbmSp \ne-hn-fn®p kwkm-cn-
°p-∂Xpw, ]m∏n sRc-ßp-∂Xpw tI´p. AXp-sIm≠v Abm-tfmSp
kwkm-cn-®n´v ]tbm-P-\-an-s√∂p I≠-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ kwkm-cn-°m≥
ian-®n-√. Rm≥ A∂p cmXn ]Øp- a-Wn°v tij-amWv Bip-]-Xn-
bn¬\n∂p t]mb-Xv. B¿ A°w Rm≥ IΩn‰n aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºn¬
sImSpØ samgn-bm-Wv. Rm≥ IrXy-Zn-hkw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn-
´n-√. Ipw`-amkw a≤y-Im-eØv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tXßm CSp-∂-Xn-s\-
∏‰n Hcp el-f-bp-≠m-b-Xn\p tijw Zoh-∂m-tkymkp saXm-®s\
FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ X√p-sa∂v Hcp kwkm-c-ap-≠m-bn. AXp-tI´v ]cn-`-
an®v ]e ]≈n-°m¿ saXm-®s‚ tZl-c-£-bv°mbn Bfp-Isf
Ab®p. Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. FXn¿ I£n-
bpsS Bfp-Iƒ F∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bfp-I-sf-
bm-Wv. Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcp-∂p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. BZyw am∏n-f-am-
cmWv h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. saXms‚ tZl-c-£bv°v Bfp-Iƒ D≠v
F∂v Rm≥ Adn-™-Xn-\p-tijw apl-Ω-Zo-bsc hcp-Øn-sb∂p tI´p.
apl-Ω-Zo-bsc hcp-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw Rm≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbXv
ao\w 17-˛\p amX-am-Wv. tXßm C´-Xn-\p-tijw AhnsS skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Ifpw thsd am∏n-f-amcpw h∂p-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂p. Iq´w-Iq- -ambn´mWv h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬
hSn-bp-≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂p Rm≥ kq£n-®n-√. B¿ A°w samgn-
bn¬ H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Isf ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-I-fpsS Iq´-
Øn¬ tN¿Øp ]d-™-Xmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]Øpw
]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Isf Rm≥ BZyw apXte AhnsS ImWp-∂p≠v.
H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Isf ao\w 17-˛\p amXta I≠n-´p-≈p.
H∂p apX¬ Bdp-hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ tImv
Fs‚ hoSv amth-en-°-c-bm-Wv. Rm≥ ]Wn-°cp ho´p-Im-c-\m-Wv.
103B\-∏m∏n
Fs‚ IpSpw-_-tØ°v amth-en-°-c-∏-≈n-bn¬ ssIÿm\w C√.
F∂m¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂pw Nnesc ssIÿm-\n-I-fmbn \nb-an-
°p-Ibpw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v; sNøp-∂p-ap-≠v. 87- -m-am≠v Fs‚
IpSpw-_Øp \n∂mcpw ssIÿm\w \S-Øn-bn-´n-√. ]≈n \S-]Sn \S-
Øp∂ IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Fs‚ In≥_-Z¿ Hcp saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-
fpsS t]cv tXmakv ]Wn-°-sc-∂m-Wv.
Fs‚ \mem-asØ Xe-ap-d-bn-ep≈ Ikn≥ _Z-dm-Wv. Ipw`-am-k-
Ønse tXßm CSo-ens\ kw_-‘n-®p-≠mb el-f-sb-∏‰n Rm≥
amth-en-°-cbv°v FgpXn Abt®m Ft∂m¿°p-∂n-√. hmZn-`mKw 9˛mw
km£n Cutimsb Adn-bpw. Abmƒ Fs‚ hoSn\v Ipsd-b-I-se-
bm-Wv ]m¿°p-∂-Xv. Rm≥ Abmsf amth-en-°-c-bn¬ h®v Adn-bpw.
Abm-fpsS sXmgn¬ F¥m-sW∂v Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. Rm≥ 14 h¿j-
Øn\p apºv Fs‚ hoSp- hn´v aZm-knepw a‰pw ]Tn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
tIm -bØv ÿnc-Xm-akw XpS-ßn-bn v Bdv h¿j-am-bn. hmZn-hI 12˛mw
km£n tbml-∂ms\ Adn-bpw. Abm-fpsS hoSv Fs‚ hoSn\v ASp-
Øm-Wv. Abm-fpsS sXmgn¬ F¥m-sW∂v Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. Rm≥
sht°-j≥ ImeØv amth-en-°-cbv°v t]mIpw. Rm≥ Fw.Un. skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-Wv. F\n°v AXn\v iº-f-ap-≠v. Rm≥
saXms‚ I£n -X-s∂. saXms‚ I£n Pbn-s®-¶nte F\n°v
iºfw In´p-I-bp-≈p F∂n-√. ae-¶c CS-h-I-sb-∏‰n Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
saXm-®\pw, Iqdn-temkv saXm-®\pw XΩn¬ X¿°w \S-°p-∂p.
saXm-\√ Fs∂ ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-bn \nb-an-®-Xv. \nb-an-°p-∂Xpw
iºfw Xcp-∂Xpw amt\-PnwKv IΩ-n‰n-bm-Wv. Fw.Un. skan-\mcn
kw_-‘n®p ]pXnb amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n CubnsS Fßpw D≠m-bn-
´n√. Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ amt\-PnwKv IΩ-n‰n-bn¬ ae-¶c saXm≥
]kn-U‚mWv.- Fs‚ h≠n-°m-c≥ Ft∂mSv XSw ]d-™-t∏mƒ
F\n°v `bw tXm∂n-bn-√.- Fs‚ h≠n-°m-c-t\mSv tNmZn-°p-Ibpw
]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX Bfp-Iƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ BfpI-fm-sW∂pw
B Bfp-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v siΩm-i-∑mscbpw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-
°p∂p F∂pw F\n-°-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. siΩm-i-∑m¿, Ahsc D]-
Z-hn-°p∂ Imcy-sØ-∏‰n Ft∂mSv Bh-emXn ]d-™n-´p-≠v. AXv
A∂p Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv ao\w 17-˛\v D®-bv°mWv. A∂p
siΩm-i-∑m¿ Fs‚ ASp-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°m≥ `b-am-
Ip∂p F∂pw, Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS ho´n¬ t]mIp-∂-Xn\v Rm≥ A\p-
hmZw sImSp-°-W-sa∂pw Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ ImWn-°p∂
AXn-Iaw `b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ amX-am-sW∂pw AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿
]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v kwibw th≠m-sb∂pw,
104 B\-∏m∏n
Rm≥ Ah-tcmSv KpW-tZm-jn-®-b-®p. X´n∏p sIm≠v saXm-t∏m-eo-
Øm-tbbpw siΩm-i-∑m-tcbpw AhnsS\n∂v HmSn-°m-\mWv FXn¿I-
£n-bpsS iaw F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Aßns\
]d-™-Xv. Fs‚ hSn ]nSn®p ]dn-®-Xn\p tijw Rm≥ aPn-kvtS-
´ns‚ hoSn\p kao]w IqSn-bmWv Fs‚ Xma-k-ÿ-e-tØ°v t]mbXv.
F∂m¬ aPn-kvtS´v B hgn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p F∂v ]n∂o-Sp≈
At\z-j-W-Ønte F\n°v a\-n-em-bp-≈p. Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS´pw
Rm\pw ]ªnIv ÿe-ß-fn¬ h®v I≠v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠v. R߃ XΩn¬
kwkm-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. At±-ls-Ø Rm≥ ho´n¬ t]mbn I≠n-´n-√.
Fs‚ hSn ]nSn®p]dn-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n A\ymbw sImSp-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥
hnNm-cn-®n-√. AXp-amXncn AIaw taen¬ \S-°msX th≠ G¿∏mSv
sNø-W-sa∂v amXta Btem-N\ t]mbp-≈p. AXn-s\-∏‰n ÿesØ
A[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSp tNmZn-®-Xn\v tijw \n›-bn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Rm≥
Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.- F-∂m¬ B D]-tZiw hmßn-°m-\m-bn-´mWv Rm≥
UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-´ns‚ ASp-°¬ t]mbXpw Nmt°msb Ab-®-
Xpw. ]oen-t∏mkv h°o¬ Fs‚ Hcp kvt\ln-X-\m-Wv. Rm≥ A∂v
t]mb hgn-°mWv B h°o¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. B h°o¬ A∂v
tIm´-b-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Rm\pw Nmt°m slUvam-Ãdpw A∂v Hcp-
an-®mWv ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D±n-jvS-Im-cy-Øn\v t]mb-Xv. A∂p-®-tbmSp IqSn
Nmt°m slUvam-Ã-dpsS A`n-]mbw A\ymbw sImSp-°≠m F∂m-
bn-cp∂p. Rm≥ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v BtemNn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏m-gmWv
A∂p sshIp-t∂-cØv sIme-]m-XIw D≠m-b-Xv. Rm≥ IrXy-Zn-hkw
Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ t]mbn ]m∏nsb I≠Xv saXms‚ hmey-°m-c-\mWv
]m∏n-sb-∂p≈ A`n-am\w sIm≠m-Wv. R߃ \mep-t]cpw saXm≥
I£n-bn¬ tN¿∂-h-cm-Wv. amΩ≥am-∏nf am¿ U-b-t\-jyv skan-
\mcn IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Hcp saº-dm-Wv. F\n°v amkw A≥]Xp cq]m
iº-f-ap-≠v. Fw.F. A®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ BfmWv Rm≥. aZmkv
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse Fw.F. BWv. hmZn-Iƒ H∂mw km£n-tbmSv
Bip-]-Xn-°-IØv h®v samgn hmßn-®-t∏mƒ Rm\pw Fs‚ kvt\ln-
X-∑mcpw Bip-]-Xn°p ]pd-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw km£n t]meo-kn¬
samgn sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Abm-tfmSv Rm≥ kwkm-cn-®n-´n-√.
Abmsf AXn\p apºv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-an-√. Rm\pw Fs‚ kvt\ln-
X-∑mcpw Hcp-an-®mWv Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw aS-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv. ]oen-
t∏mkv siΩm-»≥ Fs‚ ÃpU‚m-Wv. Abmƒ kzbta HmSn h∂v
Ft∂mSv kwKXn ]d-™-Xm-Wv. A∂v Iqkv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSv Rm≥
kwkm-cn-®n- n-√. Rm≥ Akn-Â v kq]-≠n-t\mSv Cu SuWn¬ s]m -
£≥ t]mcm F∂p ]d-™n-´p-≠v. sIme-]m-X-I-t°-kn¬ sXfn-hn-
105B\-∏m∏n
t\-∏‰n Rm≥ kwkm-cn-®n-´n-√. Adp-apJw ]n≈ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Bf-
bn-®n´v Rm≥ t]meokv tÃj-\n¬ Hcp Znhkw t]mbn-cp-∂p. Rm≥tÃj-\-IØv thsd Hcp Znh-khpw Cu tIkv \S-∂-t∏mgpw t]mbn-´n-√. Cu tIkv kw_-‘n®v hmZn `mKw km£n-I-fpsS t]cv Rm≥Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-Øn- n-√. tXßm CSm-\m-bn- mWv BZyw kn. sP. Ipcy≥Bfp-Isf ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Abmƒ Bfp-
Isf tiJ-cn-®Xv saXm-®s\ AhnsS\n∂pw ]pd-Øm-°m-\m-Wv. Ipw -amkw a≤y-Øn¬ Ipsd tXß skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v _e-ambn kn.sP. Ipcy≥ sIm≠p-t]m-sb∂pw tI´p. AXn-s\-∏‰n t^m¿a¬ Iwπ-bn‚ v sImSp-Øn-´n-√. Rm≥ UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-´n¬ Hcp l¿PnsImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. saXms‚ tZl-c-£-sb-∏-‰n-bmWv. Ign™ [\p -amk-Øn-emsW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. sslt°m¿´nse hn[n. AXm-bXv
ao\-amkw 17-˛mw XobXn Rm≥ saXms\ ImWm-\mbn sN∂-t∏mƒNne apl-Ω-Zo-b¿, saXm≥ hcm-¥-bn¬ IqSn \S∂pt]mIp-tºmƒhgnamdmsX \n∂p If-™p F∂v saXm≥ Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A√msX thsd tZtlm-]-Zhw D≠m-b-Xmbn Ft∂mSp ]d-
™n-´n-√.
7 apX¬ 11 hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ tImv
10-˛mw ]Xnsb Rm≥ ]Øv ]Xns\m∂v h¿j-ambn Adn-bpw.
Abmƒ°v ]gbskan-\mcn ]n¬ Ft¥m tPmen D≠mbn-cp-∂p.Iqdn-temkv saXms‚ IqSn 10-˛Dw 11-˛Dw ]Xn-Iƒ°v tPmen-bp-≈-Xmbn Rm≥ Adn-™n-´n-√. At±-l-Øns‚ apd-n°-cn-In¬ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Isf I≠n-´p-≠v. 18-˛mw XobXn D®bv°v c≠v siΩm-i-∑m¿ Fs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂-t∏m-gmWv H∂mw ]Xn-bpsS t]cv Iamep-
Zo≥ F∂m-sW∂v Rm≥ Adn-™-Xv. ]oen-t∏mkv siΩm-»-≥ Ft∂mSv]d-™t∏mƒ Abmƒ ]m∏nsb It≠m F∂v tNmZn-®p. I≠n√F∂p ]d-™p. Abmƒ ]d-™Xv k‘ybv°v Aev]w apºmWv.hnf°v hbv°p-hm-\p≈ kabw GI-tZ-i-ambn. ao\w 18-˛mw XobXnsIme-]m-X-I-sØ-∏‰n tI´-bp-Ss\ sI. kn. amXyp h°o-ens\ Bf-b-®p-h-cpØn. A∂v AXn\p apºv h°o-ens\ Rm≥ I≠n-√. hSn
]nSn®p ]dn® Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v h°o-en-t\mSv Rm≥ Btem-Nn-®n-√.IjvSm-\p-`-h-hm-gvN-bn¬ hymghpw sh≈nbpw ][m-\-am-Wv. Rm≥
]≈n-bn¬ t]mIbpw I¿Ωw sNøp-Ibpw sNø-Ww.
do
]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠ph∂ kµ¿`Øn¬ hmZn-hI 1˛mw
km£n-bpsS samgn t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ hmßn-®-t∏mƒ hfsc
Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
106 B\-∏m∏n
IV
am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ samgnB\-∏m-∏n-t°-kn¬ ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
bpsS samgn:
Rm≥ Ign™ ao\ -amkw 18˛mw XobXn hsc ]gbskan-\m-cn-
bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. At∂-Zn-hkw ]I¬ aq∂-c -aWn ka-bØv
Rm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Ipa-c-IØv ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mbn.
B ]≈n-°m-cpsS At]-£-]-Imcw hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ AhnsS
Xma-kn-°mat√m F∂p hnNm-cn®v Rm≥ t]mbn. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-
Isf t\m°n. CXn¬ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Isf Rm≥ Adnbpw.
tijwt]sc Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ
Fs‚- IqsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Fs‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ X]m-enepw
A©-enepw ]≈n-I-fnepw sIm≠p sImSp-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SsØ adp-
]Sn hmßn®p sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bp-amWv ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-I-
fpsS the. Ign™ Ipw`w, ao\w Cu amk-ß-fn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-
bn¬ Rm\-√msX saXm-\m-bn´v thsd Bcpw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.
Ct∏mƒ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Fs∂m-cm-fn-√. skan-
\mcn kw_-‘n®v Hcp ka-cn-t°-kp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXv 87˛mw B≠n-
em-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. B ka-cn-t°-knse FXn¿ I£n-bpw, am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw apS-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xphsc am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp-∂Xpw Bb Koh-dp-Kokv
F∂-bmƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ipw`w, ao\w Cu amk-ß-fn¬ Xma-k-ap-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Fs‚ Bfp-Isf
Btcbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hn´pw-sh-®√ t]mb-Xv. Rm≥ IrXy-Zn-hkw
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbXn\p-tijw Xncnsb skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ CXp-hsc t]mbn-´n-√. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Rm≥ Xma-kn-
®n-cp∂ apdn-bpsS Xmt°m¬ IqSn Ipa-c-I-tØ°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn.
IrXy-Zn-hkw D®bv°pw D®-I-gn™pw ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-
Iƒ Ft∂mSv Ah-[nbpw hmßn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xn
Abm-fpsS `mcy-ho-´n-te°pw ]Ømw ]Xn Hcp sshZys‚ ho´n-te-
°p-amWv t]mb-Xv. GXp sshZys‚ hoSm-sW∂v \n›-b-an-√. Rm≥
Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Fs‚ hI Npcp°w Nne kmam-\-߃
amXw Rm≥ IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-bn. tijw Fs‚ kmam-\-߃ skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ Fs‚ apdn-I-fn¬ InS-°p-∂p. A°c ]m∏-®s\ Adn-bpw.
107B\-∏m∏n
Abmƒ Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-tØ°v Xncn-®-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ D≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Ign™ ao\w 18˛mw XobXn ]m∏-®≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬
h∂n-cp-∂n-√. Abmƒ Nne-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcnI ]Xn-hp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Znh-kw-]Xn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hc-Ø-°-hÆw Htc¿-
∏mSv Abmsf G¬]n-®n-´n-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Abmƒ ]Xn-s\´mw
XobXn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-´n√ F∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv. Rm≥ Ipa-
c-I-tØ°v bmX Xncn-®-t∏mƒ Fs‚-IqsS Fs‚ ssd´-dpw, Hcp
siΩm-i-\pw, c≠v Ipin-\n-°m-cpw, Ipa-c-I-Øp-\n∂v h∂ c≠v h≈-
°m-cpw, Ah-cpsS taemfpw amXta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. Rm≥ Ipa-c-
I-Øp-t]mbn ]Øp- Zn-hkw Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw F\n°v aqX-X-S--
Øns‚ Zfiw XpS-ßn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ XncnsI hcm-
™-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-Øp-Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p. B ka-
bØv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Fs‚ Nne kmam-\-ßsf FSp-Øp-sIm-
≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\p ^nen∏v At∏m-Øn-°cnsb Rm≥ tIm´-b-tØ°v
Ab-®n-´p-≠v. Ign™ ao\-amkw 17˛\v Fw. F. Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-
\m¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-cpt∂m C√tbm Fs∂-\n-°-dn-™p -Iq-Sm.
ka-cn-t°-kns‚ Xocp-am\w A\p-k-cn®v skan-\m-cnbpw a‰pw ap≥]-
d™ apS-°-s∏´ saXm≥ Koh-dp-Ko-kn\p \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xmbn
F\n-°-dn-hn-√. Rm≥ Ccn-°p∂ c≠p-aq∂p apdn-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-
Øn-´n-√. Ign™ Ipw`-amkw 18˛mw XobXn kn. sP. Ipcy≥ skan-
\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ tXßm CSo-°m≥ h∂p. At∏mƒ kn. sP.
Ipcy\pw, apS-°-s∏´ saXms‚ Bfp-Ifpw XΩn¬ X¿°-ap-≠mbn
F∂v a´-bv°¬ IØ-\m¿ Ft∂mSp ]d™v Rm≥ Adn-™n-´p-≠v.
Fs‚ I£n-bn-ep-≈-h¿ At\Iw Bfp-Iƒ ao\-amkw 10˛mw Xob-
Xn-°p-tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw sNbvXp-h-∂n-cp∂p.
AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ apS-°nb saXms‚ `mK-Øp-≈-hcpw skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ao\-amkw 10˛mw
Xob-Xn-°p -apºv h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse A√msX A[n-I-am-fp-
Iƒ ao\w ]Ømw Xob-Xn-°p-tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p-sIm-≠n-
cp-∂n-√. Fs‚ tZl-c-£-bv°m-bn´v Ascbpw hnti-jn®v \nb-an-®n-
´n√. FXn¿I£n saXms‚ Bfp-Isf \nb-an-®n- pt≠m F∂v F\n°v
\n›-b-an-√. hSn apX-emb Bbp-[-tØm-Sp-IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn-tem,
Fs‚ apdn-bntem Bcpw h∂n-´n-√. Fs‚ Adn-thm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm DØ-c-
thm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm B hI Bfp-Iƒ Bcpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-´n-√.
skan-\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Ønepw h∂n-´n-√.
108 B\-∏m∏n
k¿°m¿ h°o¬
Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mIp-∂-Xn\p Rm≥ \n›-bn-®Xv IrXy-Øn\p
c≠m-gvNbv°v apºm-Wv. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn F\n°v t]mIm≥ Ipa-c-
IØp \n∂p h≈w sIm≠p-h-c-W-sa∂v Rm≥ BtcmSpw Bh-iy-
s∏-´n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ign™ ao\w 18˛mw XobXn Rm≥ skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Rm≥ B¿°pw-Xs∂ hm°v sImSp-Øn-
´n√. BtcmSpw ]d-™n-´p-an-√. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn Ipa-c-I-tØ°v
F\n°v ]pd-s∏-S-W-sa∂v c≠m-gvN-h- -Øn-\p-apºv Fs‚ a\-p-sIm≠v
\n›-bn-®-X-√msX B kwKXn Rm≥ BtcmSpwXs∂ ]d-™n-√.
Ipa-c-I-Øp-Im-cpsS CjvSw-t]mse Ah¿ h≈w sIm≠p-h-cpw, Rm≥
Ib-dn-t∏mIpw F∂-√msX Rm≥ CXmw XobXn t]mIp-sa∂pw A∂p
h≈w sIm≠p-h-cWsa∂pw Rm≥ ap≥Iq´n i´w-sI´n AX-\p-k-
cn®v h≈w sIm≠p-h-cp∂ ]Xn-hn-√. ao\-amkw 18˛mw XobXn D≠mb
Imcyhpw A]-Im-c-am-Wv. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn Ipa-c-I-Øp-Im¿ h≈w
sIm≠p-h-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ A∂v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. Ah¿
A∂v h≈w sIm≠p-h-∂n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-Øn\p
t]mhp-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ At∂ Znhkw thsd GsX-¶nepw
]≈n-bn-te°v amtd-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ thsd ]≈n-I-
fn¬ AXn-\p- apºv t]mIp-tºm-sgms° Fs‚ apdn-bpsS Xmt°m¬
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ siΩm-i-∑msc G¬∏n-t®®v t]mIpw.
Ign™ ao\- amkw 18˛mw XobXn Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mb-t∏mƒ
Fs‚ Bfp-I-sftbm `rXy-∑m-sctbm Bscbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬
B°nbpw sht®-®√ t]mb-Xv. Fs‚ Bfp-Iƒ Bcpw skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ Rm≥ t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]tXyI Znh-k-߃
F∂p ]d-™Xv IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bm-Wv. AXv F´v Znh-k-am-Wv.
]ns∂ Hcp F´p -Zn-h-kw -IqsS A]-[m-\-am-bn-s -¶nepw \S-Øpw. Rm≥
Ipa-c-I-Øp-t]mbn ]Øp-]-Xn-s\m∂p Znhkw Ign-™-t∏mƒ F\n°v
aqX-X-Sw XpS-ßn. DSs\ Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂pw
At∏m-Øn-°ncn Unb-ns\ Ipa-c-IØp hcpØn Rm≥ NnIn-’n®p.
]ns‰-Zn-hkw At∏m-Øn-°ncn ^nen∏v h∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]n∂oSv Abm-
sf-s°m-≠mWv NnIn-’n-∏n-®-Xv. IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI Rm≥
samgn sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ Rm≥ tIm´-bØp h∂p. F∂m¬ ]gbskan-
\m-cn-bn¬ Rm≥ t]mbn-√, ]mWw]Sn-°¬ ]≈n-bn-emWv Rm≥ Xma-
kn-®-Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI samgn- sIm-Sp-°m≥
tIm´-bØv henb]≈n-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw AhnsS IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v
h∂v Fs‚ samgn hmßp-I-bpw sNbvXp. tIm´bw henb]≈n-bn¬
109B\-∏m∏n
\n∂v skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Ac \mgnI Zqc-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ B Ime-
Øp≈ sh≈-s∏m°w sIm≠v h≈w t]mI-W-sa-¶n¬ c≠p-aq∂p
\mgnI th≠n-h-cpw. tdmUv Nne Zn°n¬ apdn-™p-t]m-b-Xp-sIm≠v
h≠n-bn¬ t]mIm≥ ]bm-k-am-Wv. Rm≥ ^nen∏v At∏m-Øn-°n-cn-
bpsS ASp-°¬ Xmt°m¬ sImSp-Ø-b-®mWv kmam\w sIm≠p-h-
cm≥ Ab-®-Xv. Ipa-c-I-ØmWv A°c sIm®p-]m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-ho-Sv.
ao\w 18˛mw XobXn h≈-hpw-sIm≠v Bfp- h-∂n-s√-¶n¬ A∂p ]mW-
ºSn ]≈n-bn-tet°m I√p-¶X ]≈n-bn-tet°m t]mbn ]m¿°-W-
sa-∂mWv Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Rß-fpsS CS-bn¬ c≠v I£n-I-
fmbn Xncn™p \n¬°p-∂p. Rm≥ _mhm-bpsS `mK-Øm-Wv. Fs‚
FXn¿ saXm≥ ap≥]-d™ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-\m-bn-cp∂
Bfm-Wv. Fs‚ ssIhiw Ccp-∂n-cp∂ aq∂p apdn Hgn®p tij-ap-
≈Xv skan-\mcn SÃn-I-fpsS ssIh-i-am-Wv. B SÃn-Iƒ°v tIm¿-
´n¬ \n∂p AXv \SØn sImSp-Øn-´pt≠m F∂p F\n°p \n›-b-
an√. aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ DØchpw]Imcw skan-\m-cnbpw Nm∏epw skan-
\m-cnbn¬ R߃ Xma-kn-°p∂ apdn-Iƒ Hgn-®v, tijw apdn-Ifpw
Ae-am-c-Ifpw apZ h®n-´p-≠v. B tiJ-c-Øn¬ Fs‚ apdn-°-I-Øp-
≠m-bn-cp∂ Ae-am-cnbpw apZ -h®p F∂mWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω. Fs‚
apdn-tbmSp sXm´p hS°p hi-Øp≈ Adbpw apZ-h®p F∂mWv Rm≥
hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B Ad Xpd-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Fs‚ apdn-°-I-Øp-IqSn
t]mbn-´p-thWw Xpd-°m≥. kacn aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ hn[n Ign-™-Xn-
\p-tijw tIm¿´n¬ \n∂p Bfp-Iƒ h∂v Fs‚ apdn-bn-ep≈ Ae-
am-cn-bp-sSbpw hS-°p-h-i-Øp≈ Ad-bp-sSbpw apZ-Iƒ s]m´n-®n-cp∂p.
Aßs\ s]m´n®v AXp-Isf G¬]n-®Xv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\-
bmtWm F∂v F\n°v \n›-b-an-√. Fs∂ tIm¿´n¬ \n∂p G¬]n-
®-Xm-bn´v dn°m¿Un-√. tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ ]m¿°p-∂Xv ]mºm-°p-S-
bm-Wv. AXv tIm´-bØp \n∂p Ccp-]-sØt´m ap∏tXm \mgnI Zqsc-
bm-Wv. ka-cn-t°kv aPn-kvtS‰v hn[n® ImeØv tIm\m´p a¬]m≥
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. F\n°p \n›-
b-an-√. Ign™ Ipw`w 18˛mw XobXn Fs‚ apdn-bpsS hcm-¥-bn¬
apS-°-s∏´ saXm≥ h∂v tIm\m´p a¬]m-t\mSv tZjy- m-h-Øn¬ H∂p-
c≠p kwkm-cn-®p. AXp tXßm sh´nb Imcy-sØ-∏-‰n-b-√, ]Øpw
]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ°v ¢n]vX-am-bn´v Rms\m∂pw iºfw sh®n-
´n-√. ]Ømw ]Xn sIm®p-Ip- \v iºfw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v IW-°p≠v.
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xn°p iºfw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\p IW-°n-√. Ign™
ao\ -am-k-Øn-\p-tijw Ah¿°p Rm≥ iºfw sImSp-Øn-´n-√. skan-
\mcn Nm∏¬ H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ \n∂p apS-°n-b-Xn-\ptijw
110 B\-∏m∏n
B apS-°p≈ ImeØv Bcpw AXn¬ I¿Ωw \S-Øn-bn-´n-√. B
ImeØv Rm≥ I¿Ωw \S-Øn-bn-´n-√. B ImeØv Rm≥ I¿Ωw \S-
Øm≥ kao-]-ap≈ ]≈n-I-fn¬ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipa-c-IØpw t]mbn-
´p-≠v. IrXy-Øn\p kz¬]w apºmb ImeØv UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-
‰ns‚ DØ-c-hn≥]Imcw skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ apS-°n-bn-´p≠v. B
ImeØv Rm≥ ASp-Øp≈ ]≈n-I-fn¬ t]mbn I¿Ω-߃ \SØn
h∂n-cp-∂p. Hmim\ i\n-bm-gvN-bmWv Rm≥ tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂p Ipa-c-
I-Øn\p t]mb-Xv. I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kns\ Adn-bpw. Abmƒ skan-
\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øns‚ Ing-°p-h-i-ap≈ tdmUn\p Ing°p I´-∏p-dØp
ho´n-emWv ]m¿°p-∂-Xv. AhnsS tPmk^pw A¥-t∏cpw IqSn Xma-
kn-°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS IqsS-bmWv I´-∏p-dØp tXmΩm ]m¿°p-∂-Xv.
B I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kn-s\bpw ]m∏-®-s\bpw ao\w 18˛mw Xob-Xn-
°p-tijw Rm≥ I≠n-´n-√. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn°p apºv tXmakv
an°-t∏mgpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcpw. Abmƒ skan-\mcn amt\-P-cm-Wv.
A°c ]m∏-®\pw h√-t∏mgpw Hs° hcpw. Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw Fs∂
ImWm≥ hcpw. Fs‚ sNehp \S-Øp-∂Xv I´-∏p-dØp tXmΩ-kmWv.
t]mcmsX h∂m¬ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂v FSp-°pw. kn. sP. Ipcy-
t\mSp hmßn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
111B\-∏m∏n
V
B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-bpsS samgnacn® ]m∏n Fs‚ `¿Øm-hm-Wv. h¿°n h¿°n F∂mWp ]m∏n-
bpsS icn-bmb t]cv. Abmsf Bim≥ ]m∏n F∂p hnfn-°ptam
F∂p tNmZyw. hnfn-°p-sa-∂p-Ø-cw. ]m∏n ]≈n-°qSw hm≤ym-cm-bn-
cp-∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS A∏\pw A∏s‚ A∏\pw hm≤ym-∑mcm-bn-cp-∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v Ahsc F√m-h-scbpw Bim-s\-∂mWp hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.
Ign™ ao\-amkw 17˛mw XobXn acn® ]m∏n ho´n¬\n∂p tIm´-
bØp ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-te°p Xncn-®p. 5 \mgnI ]Ise Xncn-®p.
AXn-\p-tijw Rm≥ ]m∏nsb Poh-t\msS I≠n-´n-√. sh≈n-bm-gvN-
bmWv ho´n¬\n∂pw ]m∏n Xncn-®-Xv. ]ns∂ ASpØ Xn¶-fmgvNbv°p
]m∏n-bpsS ih-Øns\ Rm≥ I≠p. tIm´-bØp Bip-]-Xn-bn¬
Iodp∂ apdn-°-IØp h®mWp Rm≥ I≠-Xv. ]m∏nsb X√n-s°m∂p
Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ C´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v Rmb-dmgvN 5˛6 \mgnI ]pe¿∂-
t∏mƒ tI´p. Rm≥ Rmb-dmgvN 3˛4 \mgnI ]Ise h≈-Øn¬ tIm´-
b-tØ°p Ibdn. Fs‚ IqsS klm-b-Øn\v Hcmƒ IqsS D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p. \nß-fpsS Bß-fsb \n߃ ChnsS h®p It≠m F∂p
tNmZyw. I≠p. Bßf ]n∂o-SmWp h∂-sX∂p DØ-cw. Rm≥ Hcp
l¿Pn FgpXn tIm¿´n¬ sImSp-Øp. F^v A°w t\m°n CXn¬
Fs‚ H∏p-s≠∂v sXm´p ImWn®p. F^v A°w hmbn®p tI´p.
CXmWp Rm≥ aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ sImSpØ l¿Pn. saXm-®s\ kq£n-
°m-\m-bn-´mWp ]m∏n tIm´-bØp h∂-Xv. am¿ Ub-t\-jykv saXm-
t∏m-eoØmbmWv. IrXy-Øn\p 30 Znhkw apºv ]m∏n Hcn-°¬ tIm´-
b-Øn\p h∂p. 5˛6 Zn-hkw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. AXpw saXms\ kq£n-
°m-\m-bn-´m-Wv. Fs‚ Bßf t]mbn Xnc-°n, C∂m-sc-√m-amWp
]m∏nsb ASn-®p-sIm-∂-sX∂v Ft∂mSp ]d-™p. Hcp iqZ-s\-s°m≠v
Fs‚ Bßf F^v A°w l¿Pn Fgp-Xn-®p. Rm\mWv F^v A°w
l¿Pn aPn-kvtS‰v tIm¿´n¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. A∂p sshIp-t∂cw
Rm≥ XncnsI Xncp-h-√mbv°p t]mcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ibv]S Fgp-
Xnb Bfns‚ t]cv F\n-°-dn-™p- Iq-Sm.
tImkv
7 apX¬ ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ sI. sP. Ipcy≥
R߃ Cw•ojp ]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂p \S-°p-∂n-√. saXm-®s‚
]≈n-bn-emWp R߃ tN¿∂p \S-°p-∂-Xv. apºp R߃ Cw•ojv
112 B\-∏m∏n
]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂p- \-S-∂n-cp-∂p. ]Øp-]-Xn-\mdp h¿j-ambn R߃
saXm-®s‚ ]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂p \S-°p-∂p. saXm-®-\m-f-b-®n-´mWp
]m∏n tIm´-b-tØ°p h∂-Xv. Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ I≠-Øn¬ ho´p-Imsc
Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. I≠-Øn¬ amΩ≥ h°o-ens\ Rm≥ Adn-bp-
I-bn-√. cmhnse Rm≥ tIm´-b-sØ-Øn. D®-bm-b-t∏mƒ F^v A°w
l¿Pn Fgp-Xn-®p.
PUvPn Ipcy≥: I£n hg°p kw_-‘n® tNmZyw H∂pw tNmZn-
°m≥ ]mSn-√. CXp sIme-t°kp hnkvX-cn-°-bm-sW-t∂m¿Ω thWw.
do
F^v A°w l¿Pn Fgp-Xn-b-Xns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw tIm¿´n¬
sImSpØp. F^v A°-a-\p-k-cn®v Ft∂mSp samgn hmßn-®p. Iq´n¬
Ib‰n samgn hmßn-®n-√. aPn-kvtS‰v Ft∂mSp h√Xpw tNmZnt®m
F∂p Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Fs‚ ASp-°¬ thZ-]p-kvXIw X∂p kXyw
sNbvXn-√. aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ 5˛6 \mgn-I-t\cw Xma-kn-®p. l¿Pn-°msc
hnfn-®p. AXn\p apºmWv F^v A°w l¿Pn sImSp-Ø-Xv. l¿Pn-
°msc hnfn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ It®-cn-°-IØp tIdn-s®-∂p. Ft∂mSv
Bcpw H∂pw tNmZn-®n-√. Rm≥ Xncn-®p-t]m-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.
HºXp hb-p≈ A°bpsS samgn
Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ hmI-Øm-\-ØmWv ]m¿°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\p- apºv
Rm≥ I´-∏p-dØp ]m¿Øn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ AΩ-bpsS IqsS I´-∏p-dØp
]m¿Øn-cp-∂p. F\n°v Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ Hcp sIm®-Ω-bp-≠v. Rm≥
Hmim\ i\n-bmgvN AΩbpw IqSn Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ Fs‚ sIm®-
Ωsb ImWm≥ t]mbn. ImeØp ]Øp-a-Wn°p R߃ ho´n¬
\n∂p Xncn-®p. Fs‚ ho´n¬ aWn-bn-√. ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ aWn-b-Sn-°p-
∂Xp tIƒ°mw. Rm≥ c≠mw ¢mn-emWv ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv. A∂v
Rm\pw AΩbpw sshIp-t∂cw \mep- a-Wn°v Xncn®v I´-∏p-dØp
h∂p. Rm≥ Xncnsb ho´n-tebv°p t]mbXv GXp hgn-s°∂p Hm¿Ω-
bn-√. Fs‚ hoSn\p ]Sn-™m-dp-hiw A¥-t∏cp ]m¿°p-∂p. Hmim\
i\n-bmgvN Znhkw Rm≥ Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v XncnsI tdmUn¬-
°qSn h∂v ho´n-tebv°p Ib-dn-t∏m-bn. R߃ t]mIp-tºmƒ A¥-
t∏-cpsS ap‰Øv GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ \n¬°p-∂Xp I≠p. Ah¿ F¥p
sNbvXp-sIm≠p \n¬°p∂p F∂v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. ]Sn-hm-Xn-en\v Ipd-®-
tßm´v amdn \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS ]Sn-hm-Xn¬ C√. ]Sn-hm-
Xn¬ sI´m-\p≈ CS-bp-≠v. AhnsS IqSn-\n-∂-h-cn¬ Nne-cpsS t]sc-
\n-°-dn-bmw. A°sc ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT-\pw, ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨
113B\-∏m∏n
tPyjvT-\pw, \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvT-\pw, sIm®p-Ip- ≥ tPyjvT\pw,
Iam¬Zo\pw t]c-dn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Hcm-sfbpw Adn-bpw. Rm≥ B
Bfp-Isf ImWn-°mw. Cu ]Xn-I-fpsS ASp-°¬ t]mbn t\m°n.
\m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvT≥ Cu \n¬°p∂ 11˛mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. sIm®p-
Ip-´≥ tPyjvT≥ Cu \n¬°p∂ 10˛mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. Iam¬Zo≥ Cu
\n¬°p∂ H∂mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. t]c-dn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Hcp taØ≥
F∂p ]d-™Xv Cu \n¬°p∂ c≠mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. Rm≥ t]cp-
]d™ tij-am-fp-Isf Iq´-Øn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. Rm≥ t]cp- ]-d™
Bfp-Isf IqSmsX thsd Bfp-Ifpw B A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰Øv A∂v
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. BI-∏msS FX-t]-sc∂v Dt±-i-am-bn´pw Hm¿Ω-bn-√.
Ah¿ Fs¥-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \n›-b-an-√. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬
hSn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-h-cpsS ssIbnepw hSn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cpt∂m
F∂p Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂n-√. hSn-Iƒ°v Fs‚ ssItb-°mƒ Ipd-®p-
IqSn \ofhpw Fs‚ ssItb-°mƒ Ipd-®p-IqSn hÆhpw D≠v. Rm\pw
AΩbpw ho´n¬t]mbn XpWn amdn-bpw-sh®v R߃ AhnsS Ccp∂p.
Ipsd Ign-™-t∏mƒ \ne-hnfn tI´p. aW-∏p-dØp IpSn¬ h®n-cn-°p-
∂n-SØp \n∂m-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p \ne-hnfn tI -Xv. Rm\pw AΩbpw
DSs\ Cdßn t\m°n. ""Atøm-Sm, Fs∂ sIm√-cp-tXSm'', ""]nSn-
t®mSm'', ""X√-cptX'', ""Ch≥ Xs∂-bmWv'', ""]nSn-t®mSm'' Fs∂ms°
\ne-hn-fn-°p-∂Xp tI´p. Hcp- h-ep-Xmb i_vZw tI´p. ASnbpsS i_vZ-
am-sW∂p tXm∂n. ]pc-bv°-IØp h®v Cu \ne-hn-fn-Iƒ tI´-t∏m-
gmWv R߃ ]pd-tØ°v Cdßn t\m°n-bXv. At∏mƒ ]I-em-bn-
cp∂p. R߃ ]pd-Øn-dßn t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ \mep-h-i-
tØm´pw HmSp-∂Xp I≠p. aW-∏p-d-ØmWv HmSp-∂-Xv. FhnsS
\n∂mWp HmSp-∂Xv F∂v R߃ I≠n-√. Iptd-t∏¿ HmSn A¥-t∏-
cpsS ho´n-tebv°p Ib-dn. A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n-tebv°v HmSn-°-b-dn-b-
hsc Rm≥ I≠p. ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT\pw ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨
tPyjvT\pw, sIm®p-Ip- ≥ tPyjvT-\pw, \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvT\pw
Cßs\ \mept]¿ amXw A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n-tebv°v HmSn-°-b-dn.
Ah¿ A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n-\-IØp Ib-dnb DSs\ B hoSns‚ IX-
sI√mw AS® H®- tI-´p. DS≥ Rßfpw Rß-fpsS ho´n¬ Ibdn
IX-I-S-®p. Bsc-¶nepw Rß-fpsS ho´n-\-IØp HmSn-°-bdn ht∂-
°ptam F∂p `b-∂mWv R߃ AIØp Ibdn IX-I-S-®-Xv. AΩ-
bmWp IX-I-S-®-Xv. ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT≥ apX¬t]¿ HmSn A¥-t∏-
cpsS ho´n-\-IØp Ib-dn-b-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ hSn-bp-≠m-bn-
cpt∂m Ft∂m-¿°p∂n-√. F¥mWv AhnsS hntijw \S-∂-sX∂v
F\n°v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. F¥n-\mWv Bfp-Iƒ HmSn-b-sX∂v R߃°-
114 B\-∏m∏n
dn-™p-Iq-Sm. aW-∏p-dØp \ne-hnfn tI´p Rm≥ ap‰Øv Cd-ßn-t\m-
°n-b-t∏mƒ A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰Øv, Rm≥ hcp-tºmƒ I≠ Bfp-
Isf Btcbpw I≠n-√. \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvTs‚ t]cv A¥-
t∏cpsS AhnsS hnfn-°p-∂Xp tIƒ°mw. Abmƒ ]mbw IqSnb
Bfm-I-sIm≠v Rm≥ tPyjvT≥ F∂p hnfn-®-XmWv. ]mbw-Iq-Snb
Bfp-Isf tPyjvT≥ F∂p hnfn-°-W-sa∂v Fs‚ AΩbpw a‰pw
]d-™p-X-∂n- p-≠v. 10˛mw ]Xn-bpsS t]cv sIm®p-Ip- -\m-sW∂p Fs‚
AΩ Abmsf hnfn-°p-∂Xp tI´mWp Rm\-dn-™-Xv. H∂mw ]Xnsb
]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT\pw a‰pw Iam¬Zo≥ F∂p hnfn®p Rm≥ tI´n-´p-
≈XpsIm≠v Abm-fpsS t]cv Ia¬Zo-\m-sW∂p Rm≥ Adn-™p.
A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n¬ h®mWv H∂mw ]Xnsb hnfn®p Rm≥ tI´n-´p-
≈Xv. Rm≥ H∂mw ]Xn Iam¬Zos\ A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n¬ h®p
I≠n-´p-≠v. Abmsf Rm≥ I≠-t∏m-sgms° Abm-fpsS IqsS Ipsd
Bfp-Iƒ IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. FX t]sc∂p ]d-bm≥ Hm¿Ω-bn-√.
Cu tIkp XpS-ßn-bXp apX¬ Iam¬Zo-t\bpw Iq´-tcbpw A¥-
t∏-cpsS ap‰Øp h®pw ho´n¬ h®pw I≠n-´p-≠v. skan-\m-cn-t°kp
XpS-ßn-bXp apX-emWv H∂mw ]Xn apX¬t]sc A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n¬
h®p Rm≥ I≠p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. Hmim\ i\n-bm-gvN-bpsS apºmWv
Rm≥ Ahsc A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n¬ h®p I≠n- p-≈-Xv. AXn-\ptijw
Ahsc Ahn-sS-h®p I≠n-´n-√. Rm≥ FX-Zn-hkw H∂mw-]Xn
apX¬t]sc A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰-Øp-h®p I≠n-´p-s≠∂p Hm¿Ω-bn-√.
an° Znh-khpw I≠n-´p-≠v. Ah¿ F¥n\v A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n¬
hcp-∂p-sh∂pw F\n-°-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n¬ A¥-
t∏cpw `mcybpw a°fpw ]m¿°p-∂p-≠v. BWm-bn´p ]ns∂ Hcmƒ
IqSn A¥-t∏sc IqSmsX AhnsS ]m¿°p-∂p-≠v. Abm-fpsS t]c-
dn-™p-Iq-Sm. Abmƒ A¥t∏-cpsS Hcp aIsf sI´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Abmsf Bim≥ F∂mWv Rm≥ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Abmƒ apºp
]nt≈sc ]Tn-∏n®ncp∂ Bfm-Wv. R߃ Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v
Hmim\ i\n-bmgvN XncnsI h∂-t∏mƒ B Bim≥ A¥-t∏-cpsS
ho´n¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Abmƒ Bƒ°q-´-Øn¬ \n∂p amdn-
bmWp \n∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ aW-∏p-dØv \ne-hn-fn-tI´v ]pd-Øn-dßn
t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Bims\ It≠m Ft∂m¿°p-∂n-√. AXn-\p-tijw
Bims\ Rm≥ I≠n-´n-√. t]meo-kp-Im¿ h∂v Fs‚ samgn hmßn-
®n-´p-≠v. AXn\p Ipsd Znhkw Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw aPn-kvtS-‰v
Ah¿Iƒ h∂v Fs‚ samgn hmßn-®p. A∂mWv Rm\pw AΩbpw
IqSn hmI-Øm-\Øp t]mb-Xv. F\n-s°-gp-Ø-dn-bmw. F.Iyp. A°-
Øn¬ Fs‚ Fgp-Øp-≠v. Rm≥ Fs‚ ssI∏S Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.
115B\-∏m∏n
Rm≥ I≠-sX√mw A∂-hnsS ]d™p; aPn-kvtS-‰v A-h¿Iƒ
Ft∂mSp tNmZn-®-Xn-s\ms° icn-bmb DØcw ]dt™m Ft∂m¿Ω-
bn-√. F\n-t°m¿Ω-bp-≈-sX√mw ]d-™p. samgn hmbn-®p-tI-´m¬
Rm≥ sImSpØ samgn-bmtWm F∂p ]d-bmw. F.-Iyp. A°w hmbn®p
tI´p. CXp Rm≥ sImSpØ samgn Xs∂.
1 apX¬ 6 hsc-bp≈ ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ tImkv
Fs‚ X¥-bpsS im≤-Øn\p Ipsd A®-∑m-scms° h∂n-cp-∂p.
a´-bv°-e-®≥ ht∂m F∂v F\n-t°m¿Ω-bn-√. AXn\p apºv im≤w
Ign-°p-tºmgpw sNdnb]≈n-bn¬\n∂v Hc-®≥ AhnsS h∂n-´p-≠v.
NmØ-Øn\p h∂m¬ XfnI sh®p Z£nW Ign-°pw. sNdnb]≈n-
bnse A®s‚ apºn-emWv NI-an- -Xv. Bims‚ t]cv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°p-
∂n-√. I´-∏p-dØv tXma-kns‚ t]cv Rm≥ tI´n-´n-√. I´-∏p-dØv tXma-
kns‚ t]cv IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI ]d-™-Xm-bn´p ImWp∂p.
AXv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Fs‚ AΩbpw a‰pw B t]cv ]d-™Xv
At∏mƒ Hm¿Ω-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A°c ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvTs‚ \ndw
Adn-bmw. hoSv Rm≥ I≠n-´n-√. Abmsf ]e Xh-Wbpw Rm≥ I≠n-
´p-≠v. FX Ime-ambn Adn-bp-sa∂v F\n-t°m¿Ω-bn-√. ]m∏-®≥
tPyjvT≥ tdmUn¬IqSn Hs° \S-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. tdmUn¬IqsS
Abmƒ t]mIp-tºmƒ Abmsf ]m∏-®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xp tI´n-
´p-≠v. ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT≥ Fs‚ ho´n¬ h∂n-´n-√. I´∏p-dØp
tXmakv Fs‚ ho´n¬ h∂n-´n-√. ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨ tPyjvT≥ Fhn-
Sp-Øp-Im-c-s\∂pw F\n-°-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. Abmƒ FhnsS ]m¿°p-
∂psh∂v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Abm-fpsS ho´p-t]cv ]md-bv°¬ F∂m-Wv.
""]md-bv°¬ ho´n¬ t]mbn'' F∂v ]nt≈cp ]d™p tI´n- p-≈-XmWv.
skan-\m-cn°p Ing-°v, hfsc Ing-°mWv ]≈n-°q-Sw. ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬
t]mIp∂ hgn°v DuSp-h-gn-b-cn-In-emWv ]md-bv°¬ hoSv. Fs‚ A∏s‚
A∏≥ Rß-fpsS IqsS-bmWv ]m¿Øn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Hmim\ i\n-
bmgvN Abmƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Abmƒ Nne-t∏mƒ IqØm-
´p-Ip-fØv t]mbn Xma-kn-°pw. IqØm-´p-Ip-fØv Fs‚ A∏s‚
s]߃ ]m¿°p-∂p. \ne-hnfn tI´ Znhkw Fs‚ A∏s‚ A∏≥
IqØm-´p-Ip-f-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. CXv GXp- am-k-am-sW-∂v \n›-ban-√. Hcp
Znhkw FX aWn-°q-dm-sW∂v F\n°v \n›-b-an-√. Ct∏mƒ \me-c-
˛-A-©p-a-Wn-bm-Ipw. -t\cw shfp-°p-tºmƒ FX aWn-bmWv ASn-
°p-∂-sX∂v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. ]Sn-hm-Xn-en\v Ipd®v Ctßm´p amdn-bmWv
Iq´w-Iq-Sn-bm-fp-Iƒ \n∂-sX∂v ]d-bm-sa-∂-√msX FX t]cmWv
A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰Øp \n∂-sX∂p ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. Bcp-sS-sb√mw
116 B\-∏m∏n
ssIbn¬ hSn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Hm¿°p-∂n-√. \ofw IqSnb hSnbpw
\ofw Ipd™ hSnbpw D≠v. \ne-hnfn tI´v R߃ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb
DSs\ Fhn-sS-bmWv Rm≥ t\m°n-b-sX∂v Ct∏mƒ Hm¿Ωbn-√. apºv
B ap‰Øp \n∂h¿ At∏mƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂p Rm≥
t]mbn t\m°n-bn-√. Ah¿ AhnsS \n∂v amdn-bn-cp-∂m¬ ImWm≥
]mSn-√.
]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Ifpw ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT≥ apX¬t∏cpw
B‰n¬ \n∂v HmSn A¥-t∏-cpsS ho´n-te°v t]mIp-∂Xp I≠p. ]m∏-
®≥ tPyjvTs\ t]mIp-∂-Xp-hgn hnfn-°p-∂Xp tIƒ°mw. \ofw IqSnb
hSn BcpsS ssIbn-em-sW∂p ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ImeØv 8 aWn°v
]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ t]mIpw. D®bv°p ]¥-≠c aWn°v DÆm≥ hcpw.
sshIp-t∂cw hcp-∂Xp aq∂-c- a-Wn-°m-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ \mep- a-Wnbpw
BIpw.
117B\-∏m∏n
VI
PUvPvsa‚ vCu tIkn¬s∏´ ]Xn-s\m∂p ]Xn-I-sfbpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿
in£m-\n-b-a-Ønse 104, 301 F∂o hIp-∏p-I-f-\p-k-cn®p t]meo-kp-
Im¿ Nm¿Pv sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ""Xncp-h√ s\Sp-ºw ]hr-Øn-bn¬
s]cn-ßc apdn-bn¬ B‰p-]p-dØp Xma-kn°pw ]m∏n-sb∂p hnfn-°p∂
h¿°n hdp-Kokv F∂ Bfns\ 1087-˛-m-am≠v ao\-amkw 18˛mw XobXn
sshIn Dt±iw 6 aWn ka-bØp tIm´bw tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬
]gbskan-\m-cn°p hS-°p-hiw D≈ ao\-®n¬ B‰n¬ aW-∏p-d-Øp-
h®p acWw hc-Ø° ]cp-°p-Iƒ G¬]n-°Ww F∂p≈ s]mXp-
hmb hnNm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn H∂p-ap-X¬ ]Xn-t\-gp-hsc ]Xn-Iƒ \ymb-
c-ln-X-amb kwLw tN¿∂p hSn-hmƒ, De° apX-emb Bbp-[-߃
[cn-®-h-cmbn ta¬]-Sn-bms‚ acWw hcp-hm≥ CS-bp-s≠-∂p≈ Adn-
thm-Sp-IqSn hnNm-c-]q¿∆w Snbms\ Xe-bnepw, tZlØpw hSn, De°
F∂n-h-sIm≠v ASn-®pw, CSn-®pw, hSn-hmƒsIm≠p IpØnbpw ]cp-
°p-Iƒ G¬]n®p sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂p-≈-XmWv t]meo-
kns‚ Nm¿÷v.
1085˛¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BK-
a-\sØ XpS¿∂p tIm´-bsØ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n kap-Zmbw
c≠mbn sX‰n-∏n-cn-™-Xns‚ ]cn-W-X-^-e-am-bn-´p-≠m-b-XmWv ]m∏n
h[w. Chn-sS-bp≈ (a-e-¶-c) ]≈n-I-fpsS euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬ Hcp
tae-[n-Imcw ]mXn-b¿°okv Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
AXns\ FXn¿Øp. AXn-\p≈ ImcWw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚
]kvXp-X Ah-Im-i-hmZw kp]-kn-≤-amb tdmb¬t°m-SXn hn[n-
bnse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p hn]-co-X-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.
]kvXpX hn[n-b-\p-k-cn®p ]gbskan-\mcn am¿ Zoh-∂-mtkymkv
saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS (]p-en-t°m-´n¬) ssIh-i-Øn-em-bn. B
hkvXp thsd c≠p SÃn-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn cn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw hn[n-bn¬
]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m´p a¬]m-\p-am-bn-cp∂p
Aßs\ \nb-an-X-cmb c≠p SÃn-Iƒ. Ch¿ c≠p-t]cpw ae-¶-c-
bp≈ ]≈n-I-fn-t∑¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p euIn-I-ambn A[n-Imcw
Ds≠-∂p≈ A`n-]m-b-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]iv\-Øn-t∑¬ kap-Zmbw
c≠mbn `n∂n-®p. Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ Xe-h≥ h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-
∂m-tkymkpw at‰-Xns‚ t\Xm-°-∑m¿ kn. sP. Ipcy\pw, tIm\m´p
118 B\-∏m∏n
a¬]m\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ]mXn-b¿°okv Hcp
apS°p I¬]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®p \ntcm-[n-®-tXmsS Cu hg°p aq¿—n-
X-am-bn. tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-I-fn¬ c≠p I£n-bnepw Dƒs∏´ ]´-
°m¿, X߃°mWv Bcm-[\ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw F∂v
Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. CtXmsS kam-[m\ ewL\w Bk-∂-ambn.
AXp-sIm≠p tIm´bw H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS‰v Inan-\¬ \S-]Sn
128- mw hIp-∏-\p-k-cn®v Hcp tIkv FSp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tIkns‚ Xocp-
am-\-Øn\p apºp skan-\m-cnbpw ]≈nbpw P]vXn sNbvXp t]meokv
A[o-\-Øn¬ FSp-Øp. At\z-j-W-Øn-\p-tijw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-
kns‚ ssIhiw ÿm]n®v At±-l-Øn\p hkvXp-°ƒ hn´p-sIm-Sp-
°p-∂-Xn\v aPn-kvtS‰v DØ-c-hn-´p. AX-\p-k-cn®v ]gbskan-\mcn
sI´n-S-ß-fnepw, Ah-bnse apdn-I-fnepw, AXn-\p-≈n¬ InS-∂n-cp∂
Ae-am-c-I-fnepw aPn-kvtS‰p h®n-cp∂ apZ-Iƒ tIm´bw t]meokv
C≥kvs]-IvS¿ s]m´n®p am‰p-Ibpw sI´nSw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn \S-Øn-
s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv 10- 1- 87- ¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]mXn-b¿°okv
I£n-bn¬s]´ am¿ Iqdn-temkv ]kvXpX sI´n-S-Ønse Hcp apdn-
bn¬ Ccn-∏p-d-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\p a‰p≈ apdn-Iƒ \S-
Øn-s°m-SpØp F¶nepw am¿ Iqdn-temkn\v D≈ apdn-bn¬ At±lw
(Iq-dn-tem-kv) hmkw Dd-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ DØ-c-hn\v FXn-cmbn kn. sP.
Ipcy\pw tIm\m´p a¬]m\pw sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-t∑-ep≈ sslt°m-SXn Xocp-am-\w, Iq´mbn
ssIh-i-ap≈ SÃv hkvXp-°sf kw_-‘n-®p≈ X¿°-Øn¬ Inan-
\¬ \S-]-Sn-bnse 128-˛mw hIp∏p _m[-I-am-I-bn-s√-∂pw, aPn-kvtS‰p
Xs‚ hnNm-c-Wm-[n-Im-cm-Xn¿Øn ewLn-®mWp hn[n-sb-gp-Xn-sb-∂p-
am-bn-cp-∂p. sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS Cu Xocp-am\w \nanØw Ccp-I-£n-
Ifpw skan-\m-cn-t°kv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp≈ ÿm\-tØ°p
\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏- p. F∂m¬ Hcp hyXymkw amXw. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
icn-bm-bnt´m sX‰m-bnt´m skan-\mcn hkvXp-°-fpsS X\n-®p≈ ssIh-
i-°m-c≥ Bbn ]cn-W-an-®p.
sslt°m-SXn DØ-c-hn-´Xv 4˛5-˛87-˛¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]kvXpX DØ-
c-hn-s\-∏‰n tIm -bØv Adnhv In´n-b-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp henb
P\-°q´w XSn-®p-Iq-Sn. UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\p t]meokv C≥kvs]-
IvS¿ Hcp dnt∏m¿´-b-®p. AXn-t∑-ep≈ DØ-c-h-\p-k-cn®p kam-[m-\-
ew-L\ \nhm-c-W-Øn\p th≠n GXm\pw t]meo-kp-Imsc skan-\m-
cn-bn¬ Uyq´n-bn¬ t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ \ntbm-Kn-®p. Cu
119B\-∏m∏n
kabØp SÃn-Iƒ Ccp-hcpw tIm´-b-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ Ipw`-
am-k-Øn¬ tIm´-bØv BK-X-cm-bn. Ah¿ tIm´-bØp h∂-bp-Ss\
Xs∂ skan-\mcn _e-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p ian-®p.
16˛7˛87-˛¬ skan-\mcn]d-ºnse tXßm CSo-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ah¿
AhnsS sN∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-\m¬ \nb-an-X-\mb amt\-P¿
(hm-Zn-`mKw 26˛mw km£n) Ahsc XS-™p. Akp-J-I-c-amb Hcp
cwKw AhnsS kwPm-X-am-bn. 26-˛-mw km£nsb (a-´-bv°¬ A®≥)
A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw tZtlm-]-Zhw G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. amt\-P-
cmb At±lw X¬£Ww Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI
Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-°p-I-bpw, aPnk-vtS-‰ns‚ B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v t]meo-
kp-Im¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN√p-Ibpw kn. sP. Ipcys\ Xm≥ Dt±-in-
®n-cp∂ BI-aW ]≤-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p hnc-an-∏n-°m≥ ian-°bpw
D≠mbn. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Xß-fpsS Dt±-iy-Imcyw
km[n-°msX aS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn t]meokv dnt∏m¿´n¬ \n∂pw
a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. ]nt‰Znh-k-tam, AYhm 19-˛7-˛8-˛tem ]gbskan-\m-
cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb GXm\pw siΩm-i-∑m¿ UnkvSn-IvSv
aPn-kvtS-‰n\pw Xmeq-°v aPn-kvtS-‰n\pw Hmtcm l¿Pn sImSp-Øp.
Xte-cmXnbn¬ GXm≠v Ccp-]-Øn-b©p Bfp-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬
Ibdn X߃ skan-\mcn hn´p-t]m-I-W-sa∂pw, A√m-Ø-]£w
Xßsf IjWw Ij-W-ambn I≠n®p If-bp-sa∂pw Ah¿ Xßsf
`oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw D≠mbn F∂m-bn-cp∂p l¿Pn-bpsS kmcmwiw.
Cu l¿Pn-Iƒ t]meo-kn-te°v Ab-bv°-s∏-´p. t]meokv ÿeØp
sN∂p l¿Pn-°m-cn¬ GXm\pwt]cn¬\n∂p samgn hmßp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
hmZn-`mKw 19-˛mw km£n-bmb am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xs‚ samgn-
bn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: Ipw`w 18-˛se kw`-h-߃°p-tijw Xs‚
FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ Hcp Inwh-Z¥n ]c-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXv Fs¥∂p
h®m¬ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ Fs∂ A]-am-\n-°pIbpw, tZtlm-]-Zhw
G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu hm¿Ø ]c-∂-tXm-Sp-
IqSn Xncp-h-√m, \nc-Ww, amth-en-°c apX-emb ]≈n-I-fnse Bfp-I-
fn¬ ]ecpw B hm¿Ø FX-tØmfw kXy-am-sW-∂-dn-bm≥ skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ ]ms™-Øn. Ipw`w 18-˛se kw`-h-߃ Ah¿ Adn-™-
t∏mƒ FXn¿ I£n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-Im≥ CS-bp≈ ssItb-‰-
Øn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb c£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw A]-am-\n-X-
\m-°m-\p≈ ia-Øn¬ XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw GXm\pw Bfp-Isf skan-
\m-cn-bn-te°v Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®p
F´p-]-Øp-t]¿ Hcp kwL-ambn h∂p skan-\mcn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm-
120 B\-∏m∏n
≠n-cp∂p F∂pw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm samgn \¬In-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. acn-®p-t]mb ]m∏n Xncp-h√m ]≈n-°m¿ Ab-®-h-cn¬
Hcp-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipw`- am-k-h-km\w Abmƒ tIm´-bØp h∂p.
h∂n´v F´p-]Øp Znhkw Xma-kn®tijw ho≠pw hcm-sa∂p
]d™p Abm-fpsS kztZ-i-tØbv°p t]mIp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ Rmb-dmgvN tXmdp-ap≈ Bcm-[-\-bn¬ tIm´-
bsØ ]≈n-I-fn-ep≈ Ccp-I-£n-Ifpw XΩn¬ kwL¿jw aq¿—n-
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS dnt∏m¿´ns\ Bkv]-Z-
am°n kam-[m-\-ew-L\w D≠m-Im-sX-bn-cn-∏m≥ th≠n bmt°m-_mb
kpdn-bm\n∏≈n-Iƒ ]q´-W-sa∂v Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰v
DØ-c-hn-´p. CX-\p-k-cn®v tIm´-b-Øp≈ ]≈n-Iƒ amX-a√ AS-bv°-
s∏-´-Xv. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\p amX-ambn ssIh-i-ap≈ ]gbskan-
\mcn Nm∏epw 5˛8-˛87-˛¬ ]q´-s∏-´p. Aßs\ ]≈n-Iƒ AS-bv°-s∏-
´Xv AºXpt\mºns‚ A¥y-L-´-Ønepw IjvSm-\p-`-hm-gvN-bnse
Bcw-`-Ønepw Bbn-cp-∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ saXm-∑mcpw ]´-°mcpw
`‡n-a-b-amb [ym\-\n-jvT-bn¬ Ccn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS dnt∏m¿´ns\ Bkv]-Z-am°n am¿ Zoh-
∂m-tkymkv aX-]-c-amb I¿Ω-߃ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Nm∏¬
AS-bv°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±-lsØ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]em-
b\w sNøn-°p-∂-Xn\p klm-b-I-am-°p∂ Hcp IrXy-am-bn-cn-°pw.
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ SÃn-I-fpsS ]£w tN¿∂mWv Cßs\
]h¿Øn-®-Xv. H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰pw AXp-t]mse SÃn-I-fpsS
]£w ]nSn-®n-cp-∂p.
skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ ]q´-s∏-´Xv SÃn-Iƒ°pw Hcp t\´-am-bn-cp-∂p.
AXn-\p≈ ImcWw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw
\oßn-bm¬ skan-\mcn SÃn-Iƒ°p ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ffp-∏-am-
bn-Øo-cp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-
eoØm Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp-d® \ne-]mSp kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
At±lw skan-\mcn bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-X-s√-
∂p-d®p Xs‚ [ym\-h-Xhpw a‰p I¿Ωm-Zn-Ifpw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\pw
a‰p-ambn skan-\m-cn-bnse Hcp apdn IqZmi sNbvXp FSp-Øp.
]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Cd°nhnSp-∂-
Xn-\p≈ ]cn-i-a-Øn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-cmb Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ ]n∂oSv saXm-
t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw ]´-°m-scbpw siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬
\n∂v Xpc-Øp-∂-Xn\v Iptd-°qSn lnwkm-fl-I-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]tbm-
Kn-®p. ao\w F´nt\m ]Ønt\m tijw skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ AssI-
121B\-∏m∏n
kvX-h-cmb ]ecpw sN∂p. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw siΩm-i-∑m-
scbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]em-b\w sNøn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ Dt±-
iy-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ahsc A]-am-\n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ign-bp-∂X ieyw
sNø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Cßs\ IqSn-b-h-cpsS Dt±-iyw.
apl-Ω-Zob¿, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, tNmh-∑m¿ F∂n-h¿ Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fp-
ambn Iq´-ambn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN√p-Ibpw Ahn-SsØ At¥-hm-
kn-Isf `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah¿ siΩm-i-∑m¿ apX¬t]sc
skan-\mcn hn´p-t]m-bn-s√-¶n¬ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂pw ]d™p `b-
s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn Btcm-]n-°-s∏-´ncn°p-∂p. kn. sP.
Ipcys‚ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c-]pX-\mb s]cm´v ]m∏-®≥ Cu kwL-
Øns‚ Xe-h-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]e km£n-Ifpw ]d-
bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ta\nImh¬`-S-∑m¿ X°-hn[-
Øn¬ Cu N -ºn-Isf XS-™n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]e A\njvS kw -
h-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v.
kwK-Xn-Iƒ Cßs\ Ccn-°-th, ao\w 17-˛mw XobXn kmbm-”-
Øn¬ Hcp kw`hw \S-∂p. Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fns‚
]n≥kn-∏-fmb ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokv Fw.F. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬
A©p aWn°p sN∂v saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.
At±lw Xs‚ IpXn-c-h≠nbn¬ \n∂p Xmsg Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ skan-
\m-cn-bpsS hSt°ap‰Øv H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fp-ambn
Ccn-°p-∂Xv At±lw I≠p. At±-lsØ I≠p-sIm≠v Cu ]Xn-
Iƒ XΩn¬ Ft¥m kzImcyw ]d-™p-sIm≠v Ing-t°m´v \S-∂p-
t]m-bn. m. Koh-dp-Kokv, saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kµ¿in-®-tijw Bdp-
a-Wn°v Xs‚ h≠n-bn¬ Ibdn Xncn®pt]mIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. hgn-bn¬
h®p Fs¥-¶nepw Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂p `b-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v h≠n-°m-
c≥, ^m. Koh-dp-Ko-kn-t\mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-\p≈ ImcWw
GXm\pw apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ h≠n-°m-c-t\mSv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kµ¿-
in® Bƒ Bcm-sW∂pw At±lw Ft∏mƒ Xncn®pt]mIp-sa∂pw
tNmZn-®Xp Xs∂. mZ¿ Koh-dp-Kokv B]¬kq-N-\sb \nm-c-ambn
X≈n-°-f-bp-Ibpw h≠n aptºm´v ASn®phnSp-∂-Xn\v B⁄m-]n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂p c≠p ^¿tem-ßp-IqsS sN∂-
t∏mƒ ]¥t≠m ]Xn-\t©m t]¿ h≠n-bpsS apºnepw a‰p Nne¿
]pd-Inepw NmSn-hoWv h≠n _e-ambn ]nSn®p\n¿Øn. H∂mw-]Xn
h≠n Xpd-°p-Ibpw A®≥ h≠n-bn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-
Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. skan-\mcn hkvXp-°-fpsS Imh¬°m-cmWv Xß-
sf-∂pw, skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂p Fs¥-¶nepw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂pt≠m
122 B\-∏m∏n
F∂v t\m°m≥ X߃ SÃn-I-fm¬ B°-s∏-´-h-cm-sW∂pw Ah¿
]d-™p. Ah¿ A®s‚ tZl-]-cn-tim-[-\bv°v Hcp-sº-´p. A®≥
AXn\p kΩ-Xn-®p. At∏mƒ H∂mw-]Xn Xs‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-
cp∂ Ipdp-hSn aq∂mw-]-Xnsb G¬]n-®-tijw h≠n-bn-te°v Ib-
dm≥ Hcp-sº-´p. At∏mƒ Btcm BwKyw Im´n. H∂mw-]-Xnsb D]-
tZ-in®v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®p. A®s‚ Im¬Ip-∏mbw Ducm≥ H∂mw-]Xn Bh-
iy-s∏-´p. A®≥ AXn\p hg-ßn-bn-√. AXns\ XpS¿∂v A®s‚
ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Du∂p-hSn H∂mw-]Xn ]nSn-®p-]dn-s®-Sp-Øp.
A®≥ bmX XpS-cp-∂-Xn\v H∂mw-]Xn A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Cu kw`hw sshIp-t∂cw Bd-c- a-Wn-°m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v H∂pw,
aq∂pw, ]Xn-\mepw ]Xn-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ A®\p km[n-®p. Ch¿
aqhcpw Hcp- kw-L-Øn¬s]´-h-cm-Wv. ]ns‰Znhkw cmhnse Fw.Un.
skan-\mcn kvIqfnse slUvam-Ã-dmb sI. hn. Nmt°msb A®≥
H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ ASp-°¬ Ab-®p. Xm≥ F¥p- sN-ø-
W-sa-∂p≈ D]-tZiw tXSp-∂-Xn-\mWv A®≥ Nmt°msb Ab-®-Xv.
A®s\ `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw a‰pw sNbvX-h-cpsS t]cphnh-c-߃
\¬Im≥ Nmt°mbv°v km[n-°m-™-Xn-\m¬ t]cphnh-c-߃ a\-
n-em°n l¿Pn- sIm-Sp-°m≥ aPn-kvtS‰v Nmt°m apJm-¥cw A®s\
D]-tZ-in-®p.
ao\ -amkw 18˛mw XobXn A®≥ aPn-kvtS-‰ns\ kao-]n-®p.
F∂m¬ aPn-kvtS-‰n\p kpJ-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v A®\v aPn-kvtS-
‰ns\ ImWm≥ km[n-®n-√. At∂ Znhkw D®-I-gn™v H∂mw ]Xn-
bpsS t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw A®≥ Kln-®p. Hu]-Nm-cn-I-amb Hcp
A\ymbw sImSp-°-W-sam, a‰p am¿§w Ah-ew-_n-°tWm th≠-
sX∂v Nn¥n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu sIme-]m-X-I-hm¿Ø Adn-
bp-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. AtXmsS F√m i≤bpw CXn-te°v tIµo- -hn®p.
ao\-amkw 18-˛mw XobXn ImeØv H≥]XpaWn-t°m, ]Øp-
aWnt°m ]m∏n Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØp-I-bp-
≠m-bn. Abmƒ BIm-c-i‡n \nanØw Hcp `oa-tk-\-\m-bn-cp∂p
F∂p Xs∂ ]d-bmw. Abm-sf-∏‰n saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k¿ tUmIvS¿
Ubkv ]d-bp-∂-Xv, ""acn-®p-t]mb ]m∏n AYhm hdp-Kokv'' Hcp henb
a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS amwk-t]-in-Iƒ G‰w hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
hfsc _en-jvT-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Abmƒ. Fs‚ ]cn-N-b-Øn¬ ]m∏n-
sb-t∏mse _e-hm-\pw, hn]p-e-amb ico-cm-Ir-Xnbpw amwk-t]-in-Iƒ°v
hnImkw kn≤n-®n-´p-≈-h\pw Bb Npcp-°w-t]sc amXta Rm≥
I≠n-´p≈p F∂mWv.'' ""]m∏n km¿'' F∂pw, ""Bim≥ ]m∏n'' F∂pw
123B\-∏m∏n
hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ Abmƒ Xs‚ Imbi‡n-bn¬ A`n-am\w sIm≠p
]pf-In-X-\mb Hcp hy‡n Bbn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS ico-c-i‡nsb
a‰p-≈-h¿ AwKo-I-cn-°pIbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬
FØn-b-t∏mƒ AhnsS \S∂ kw`-h-ß-sf-∏‰n Abmsf [cn-∏n-°p-
I-bp-≠m-bn. Abmƒ X¬£Ww ]co-°p- n-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-]p-X-t\mSv
Fw.F. A®-\n¬ \n∂pw _e-ambn ]nSn-®p-]-dn®v FSp-Ø -hSn Xncn-
®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏- p (]-co-°p´n F∂p ]d-bp∂ Bƒ tIm -
bØp Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse ap…o-ß-fpsS Hcp t\Xm-hm-Wv). ]co-°p-
´n-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-]p-X≥ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""B hSn kn. sP. Ipcy≥
apX-em-fn-bpsS ssIbn¬ FØn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v.'' F∂m¬
CXns\ ]m∏n hniz-kn-®n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ tNmZyw Bh¿Øn-
°-s∏-´p. A∂p-®bv°v ]m∏n aq∂mw ]Xn A-t\mSv CtX tNmZyw
Xs∂ tNmZn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CtX-∏‰n 13˛mw km£n-bmb siΩm-i≥,
]m∏nbpw A\pw XΩn¬ \S∂ kw`m-j-W-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv
""Fw. F. A®s‚ hSn Xncn-®p-X-c-W-sa∂v C∂p cmhnse Rm≥ Bh-
iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ AXv Rm≥ FSp-Øn√ F∂p \o ]d-™-t√m. Cßs\
Hgn-I-gnhp ]d-™m¬ ]‰p-I-bn-√. hSn Xncn®p X∂n-s√-¶n¬ \Ωƒ
iXp-°-fm-bn-Øocpw.'' aq∂mw-]Xn adp-]Sn ]d-™Xp Rm≥ A√m
hSn-]n-Sn®v hmßn-b-sX∂pw Aßs\ sNbvXXv Iam-ep-Zo≥ BsW-
∂p-am-Wv. aq∂mw ]Xn-tbmSv ]m∏n Hcp Imcyw IqSn ]d™p: Fs∂
(km-£n-bmb siΩm-i-s\) Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v, ""\o F¥n-\mWv
Cu siΩm-is‚ apdn-°-IØp ]th-in®v At±-lsØ iey-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bXv?'' AXn\p l≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv, ""R߃ At±-l-
Øns‚ apdn-bn¬ Ib-dn-b-X-√msX bmsXmcp ieyhpw D≠m-°n-bn-√.
R߃ At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-bn¬ Ib-dn-bm¬ X\n-s°¥m?'' AXn\p
adp-]Snbmbn ]m∏n ]d-™Xv: ""\n߃ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bƒ°m-
cmbn ChnsS h∂m¬ R߃°p hntcm[w H∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ \n߃
Cu siΩm-is‚ apdn-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-Itbm At±-l-Øn\p D]-Zhw
D≠m-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ Rm≥ ]Icw sNøpw''
F∂p ]m∏n-bpw, ""X\n°p t_m[n-®-t]mse sNbvI'' F∂p A\pw
]d™p ]ncn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]n∂oSv c≠p aWn-°q¿ Ign-™n´v kao-]-]-tZ-i-amb Ipa-c-IØp
\n∂pw Hcp h≈w skan-\mcn IS-hn¬ hcn-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXv h∂Xv
am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXms\ Ipa-cIw ]≈n-bn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Im-
\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipa-c-IØp \n∂p h∂ GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ Iqdn-temkv
saXms‚ apdnbn-te°p sN∂-t∏mƒ A°c ]m∏-®-\pw, I´-∏p-dØp
tXma-kpw -IqSn saXm-t\mSp kwkm-cn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
124 B\-∏m∏n
]Xn-Ifpw am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-bn¬ ]th-in-®-tijw Ipsd
Ign™v Ah¿ ]pd-tØ-°n-d-ßn-t∏m-bn.
c≠p aWn-°q¿ Ign™v AXm-bXv kmbw-Imew \mep- a-Wn°v
am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xs‚ kmam-\-ßfpw, Xs‚ AI-ºSn AwK-ßfpw
H∂n®v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. A°c ]m∏-®-\pw, I´-∏p-dØp
tXmakpw ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xnbpw a‰p ]Xn-I-fn¬ A[nIwt]cpw-
IqSn saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb h≈-°-S-hp-hsc A\p-bm-X-bm-bn-t∏m-bn.
A\-¥cw Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Xncn®p h∂-tijw I´-∏p-dØv
ho´n-te°p t]mbn.
]n∂o-Sv kw-`hÿe-tØ°v Z¿in-°mw. kabw GI-tZiw sshIp-
t∂cw A©-c -a-Wn. sshIp-t∂-csØ Nmb- Ip-Sn-°m-\mbn acWw
]m]n® ]m∏n-bpw, hmZn-`mKw H∂pw c≠pw km£n-Ifpw IqSn hS-°p-
h-iØp aW-∏p-d-tØ°p t]mbn. Nmb-°-S-bpsS hS-°p-h-iØv H∂pw
c≠pw ]Xn-I-fpw Ip™mΩn F∂ Hcmfpw H∂n®p Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-
cp-∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS Iq´p-Imcpw Nmbbv°v Bh-iy-s∏-´p. H∂pw c≠pw
]Xn-Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""ChnsS Nmb C√m
F∂pw Nmb Xcn-I-bn√m'' F∂pw. Cßs\ ]Xn-hp-Imsc ]d-™v
HmSn°cp-sX∂v jm∏p-S-a-ÿ≥ Ahsc hne-°n. ""R߃ ChnsS
Ccn°p∂n√'' F∂p ]d™v H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw
AhnsS \n∂p-t]m-bn. H∂mw-]Xn BwKyw Im´n-b-t∏mƒ Nmb-°-S-
bpsS ]Sn-™m-dp-`m-KØv IqSn-bn-cp∂ Hcp -kwLw Bfp-Iƒ ]m∏n-
tbbpw H∂pw c≠pw km£n-I-tfbpw XS™p \n¿Øn. kwLsØ
\bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ A°c ]m∏-®≥, ]m∏nsb Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-
sIm≠v ""Ch-\mWv Ahs\ ]nSn°'' F∂v ]d-™p. DSs\ H∂mw-
]Xn ]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°v Hcp Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-®p. ]m∏n
sXt°m´p ]m™p. At∏mƒ ]m∏-®≥ Xs‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂
Hcp hSn-hmƒsIm≠v ]m∏n-bpsS Imen\v sh´n. ]m∏n AXn-\p-tijw
]pg-bn¬IqSn \o¥n F√m-hcpwIqSn Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ sIm≠v ]m∏nsb
X√n-®-X-®p. AI-an-Iƒ AXn-s‚-tijw HmSn-°-f-™p.
cwK-ÿ-eØp IqSnb Bfp-Iƒ Nne¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp
I´n¬ sIm≠p-h∂v ]m∏nsb AXn¬ InSØn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-
sN-∂-tijw tIm´bw t]meokv tÃj-\n-te°v sIm≠p-sN-∂p.
]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ tÃj-\n¬h®v Btcm
]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v Abmsf Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. saUn-
°¬ Hm^o-k¿ (hm-Zn-`mKw 21-˛mw km£n) DS≥ Bip-]-Xn-bn¬
FØn. ]m∏n-bpsS apdn-hp-Iƒ F√mw IgpIn h®p-sI- p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
125B\-∏m∏n
]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn FSp-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-®p-sIm≠v saUn-°¬
Hm^o-k¿ H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS-‰n\p Hcp IØ-b-®p. aPn-kvtS‰v
X¬£Ww Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ FØn ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ITn-\-amb thZ\ \nanØw ]m∏n X’-abw
sRcn-]n-cn-sIm-≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aPn-kvtS‰v ]e- ]m-h-iyhpw c≠p-
aq∂p Bh¿Øn tNmZn® tNmZy-߃°v ]m∏n Ahy-‡-amb DØ-c-
ß-fmWv \¬In-b-Xv. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb samgn-bn¬ ]m∏n°v H∏p
shbv°m≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. thZ-\-bpsS B[nIyw \nanØw
thZ\ Ipd-™-tijw IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-amb Hcp tÉvsa‚ v ]m∏n-bn¬
\n∂p hmßmw F∂v aPn-kvtS‰v Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ tIkns‚
At\z-jWw DS-\Sn XpS-ß-W-sa-∂pw, Cu kw`-h-Øns‚ \nP-ÿnXn-
sb-∏‰n Adn-bm-hp-∂-h-cn¬ \n∂p samgn hmß-W-sa∂pw aPn-kvtS-‰v,
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. At±lw ]m∏nsb Bip-
]-Xn-bn-te°v I´n-en¬ Npa-∂p-sIm-≠p-t]mb hmZn-`mKw H∂mw
km£n-bpsS samgn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kw`h cPn-ÿ
aPn-kvtS-‰n\p Ab®psImSp-°p-Ibpw At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
19- 8- 87- ¬ ]m∏-®s‚ hoSv ]cn-tim-[n-®p. F∂m¬ Imcy-ambn H∂pw
I≠p-In-´n-bn-√. ][m-\hpw ]t£m-`-I-c-hp-amb Hcp tIkm-I-bm¬
At\z-j-W-Øns‚ hnh-c-߃ Xt∂mSv F∂pw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-W-
sa∂v aPn-kvtS‰v t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSp Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ (A-t±lw ]n∂oSp s]≥j≥ ]‰n
hnc-an-®p) Aßs\ sNbvXn-√. aPn-kvtS‰v Cu tIns‚ At\z-j-
W-Øn¬ Xo£vW-X-bp-≈-h-\mbncp∂p. t]meokv F¥p sNøp∂p
F∂v At±lw Xm¬]-cy-]q¿∆w an°-t∏mgpw At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp∂p. t]meokv Ah-cpsS I¿Øhyw icn°p \nd-th-‰n-bn-cp-∂n-√
F∂m-bn-cp∂p aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ \nK-a-\w.
19-˛8˛87-˛¬ ]m∏n-bpsS BtcmKyw hj-fm-IpI Xs∂ sNbvXp.
A∂p cmXn aq∂p- a-Wn°v ]m∏n Ncaw ]m]n-®p. ]Xn-hp-t]m-se-
bp≈ C≥IzÃpw t]mÃp-am¿´w ]cn-tim-[-\bpw \S-Øn.
k¿°o- n¬ t]mbn-cp∂ aPn-kvtS‰v 19˛mw XobXn tIm -bØp Xncn
s®Øn. A∂p-cm-Xn-bn-tem, ]nt‰-Zn-hkw cmhn-setbm At±lw
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvSsd ImWp-Ibpw ]Xn-I-fn¬ Btcbpw AdÃp
sNbvXn-s√∂v a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]m∏n-bpsS mcy (hm-Zn-`mKw \memw km£n) Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂p
126 B\-∏m∏n
tIm´-bØv FØn aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºmsI Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Snbm-fpsS samgn hmßm≥ l¿Pn-°m-cn-bpsS
t]cp hnfn-®-t∏mƒ Snbmƒ lmP-cm-bn-√. aPn-kvtS‰v, l¿Pn Hcp
ItØm-Sp-IqSn F.Fkv.]n. °p Ab®p sImSp-Øp. ]kvXpX IØn¬
]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p, t]meokv Cu Imcy-Øn¬ hfsc Aam¥w
ImWn®p F∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ ÿe-Øp-≈-h¿ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsc
FXbpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ AdÃp sNø-W-sa-∂pw.
]ns‰ Znhkw t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ aPn-kvtS-‰n\v Hcp IØ-
b®p. saXm≥ I£n-Iƒ, Xs∂ Ah-cpsS iXp-hmbn ]cn-K-Wn-
°p∂p F∂pw ZrIvkm-£n-Iƒ Bcpw-Xs∂ aptºm´p hcp-∂n-s√∂pw
Cu ÿnXn°v Ip‰m-t\z-j-W-Øn\v aPn-kvtS‰v Xs∂ klm-bn-°-
W-sa∂pw At]-£n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p ]kvXpX IØv.
t]meo-kns‚ Xo£vW-amb kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-√msX X\n°p
kzbw At\z-jWw \S-Øm≥ km≤y-a-s√∂p hnh-cn®pw Ip‰m-t\z-
jWw \S-Øm≥ thsdmcp C≥kvs]-IvSsd \nb-an-°-W-sa∂pw At]-
£n®v Hcp Iºn aPn-kvtS-‰v, t]meokv kq]-≠n\p Ab-®p. hkvXp-
X-Iƒ hnh-cn®pw t]meokv I¿Øhy hnap-J-cmbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂p
F∂pw ]d™pw H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰v, UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\v
Hcp dnt∏m¿´pw Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
Cu tIknse ]Xn-`mKw H∂mw km£n-bmb Nß-\m-t»cn
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ tIm´bw t]meo-kns\ klm-bn-°p-hm-\mbn
UnkvSnIvSv t]meokv kq]-≠n-\m¬ ]tXyIw \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p.
ao\w 22-˛mw XobXn sshIp-t∂cw At±lw tIm´-bØp FØp-Ibpw
23-˛mw XobXn ImeØv kw`-h-ÿew kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw D≠m-bn.
I£n-c-ln-X-cmb Bfp-I-fn¬\n∂pw BZyw sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°p-I-
bmWp DØ-a-sa∂p Icp-Xn-b-Xp-sIm≠v At±lw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-
te°p t]mbn-√. At±lw I£n-c-ln-X-cmb Nnesc ImWp-Ibpw
sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ah¿ ZrIvkm-£n-I-f-
√m-bn-cp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Nne¿ Cu kw`hw I≠-h¿ D≠v F∂v
At±lw a\-n-em-°n. AXp-sIm≠v 24-˛8-˛97-˛¬ At±lw skan-\m-
cn-°p-≈n-te°p IS-∂p-sN-∂p. F∂m¬ A∂p ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bm-gvN-bm-
I-sIm≠v Bscbpw kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®n-√.
Nß-\m-t»-cn-bn¬ Hcp sIme-t°-n-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn-°m≥ D≠m-bn-
cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Un.Fkv.]n. -bpsS B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v C≥kvs]-IvS¿
Nß-\m-t»-cn-bn-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]m∏n-s°m-e-t°-n-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn-°m≥ ]n∂oSp \nbp-‡-\m-bXv
127B\-∏m∏n
G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-IvS-dm-Wv. At±lw 27-˛8-˛87-˛¬ tIm´-bØp BK-
X-\m-bn. A∂p-ap-X¬ tIk-t\z-j-Whpw Bcw-`n-®p. 3˛9-˛98-˛¬
At±lw aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºmsI Nne km£n-Isf lmP-cm-°n.
]n∂oSv Bdp-apJw]n≈ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ÿnc-ambn tIm´-bØp \nb-
an-°-s∏-´p. At±lw PmK-X-bmbn tIkv At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw ]Xn-
Isf AdÃp sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 17-˛9-˛67-˛¬ At±lw Ggp ]Xn-I-
fpsS t]cn¬ tIkv Nm¿÷v sNøp-Ibpw aPn-kvtS‰v Hcp Bƒ ]cn-
tim-[\ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p
apºmbn F´p apX¬ ]Xn-s\m-∂p-hsc ]Xn-I-sf-°qSn AdÃp sNbvXp.
Cu tIkn¬ IrXyw sNbvX GXm\pw t]¿ IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah¿ Hfn-hn-em-Wv. Fs‚ apºmsI lmP-cm-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ ]Xn-Iƒ
\n¿t±m-jn-I-fm-sW∂p hmZn-°p-∂p. H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ ]d-bp∂p
Ahsc B tIkn¬ IpSp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xß-fpsS iXp-hmb D∏q-
´n¬ Ah-dm-®s‚ t]cW \nan-Ø-am-sW-∂v. c≠pw Ggpw ]Xn-I-
fpsS hmZw Xß-fpsS hntcm-[n-I-fmb hmZn- mKw H∂pw c≠pw km£n-
I-fpsS t]c-W-bm-emWv Xßsf ]Xn-h-¿§Øn¬ tN¿ØXv
F∂mWv. \mepw ]Øpw ]Xn-I-fpsS hmZw X߃ _mhm I£n-
Iƒ BI-sIm≠p hmZn-`mKw 19-˛mw km£n-I-fpsS t]c-W-bm-em-
sW∂v. A©pw Bdpw HºXpw ]Xn-Iƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ktlm-
Z-c-\mb A°c sIm®p-]m-∏n-bpsS Bin-X-∑m-cm-Wv. A°sc sIm®p-
]m-∏n-tbm-Sp≈ sshc-\n-cym-X-\-Øn-\mWv Ahsc ]Xn-I-fm-°n-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv F∂mWv Ah-cpsS hmZw.
]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah¿ FXn¿I£n
saXm-\mb am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ the-°m¿ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Xßsf
]Xn-I-fm-°n-b-Xm-sW∂pw, kw -h-Zn-hkw Ah¿ ÿe-Øn-√m-bn-cp∂p
F∂p-am-Wv. H∂p- ap-X¬ H≥]-Xp- hsc ]Xn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬
t]mb-tX-bn-s√-∂pw, Ah¿ ]m∏nsb I≠n´p t]mep-an-s√∂pw hmZn-
°p-∂p.
Hcp lnwkm-fl-I-amb ac-W-amWv ]m∏n-bv°p-≠m-bXv F∂-Xn-s\-
∏‰n bmsXmcp X¿°-hp-an-√. hSn-I-fpw, Ipdp-¥-Sn-I-fpw sIm≠pw D≈
\nc-h[n ASn-Iƒ \nan-Ø-amWv ]m∏n sIm√-s∏-´Xv F∂v saUn-°¬
k¿´n-^n-°-‰n¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k¿ ]d-
bp∂p, ]m∏n \√ Btcm-Ky-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h\pw _en-jvT\pw Bbn-
cp∂p F∂v. Xe-bv°p≈ ASn-Iƒ \nanØw Xe-tbm´n s]m´p-Ibpw
Xe-t®m¿ sXdn®p ]pd-tØbv°v NmSp-Ibpw D≠m-bn. ]m∏n-bpsS ac-
W-Øn\p ImcWw Xe-t®m-dn-\p≈ AXn-I-Tn-\-amb tla-Z-fi-am-sW-
∂mWv saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k-dpsS hnZ-Kv≤m-`n-]m-bw.
128 B\-∏m∏n
Cu ]oU-\-Øn\pw £X-Øn\pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ BcmWv? GXv
kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv Ch kw`-hn-®-Xv? ]m∏n Xncp-h√m kztZin Bb-
Xp-sIm≠v tIm´-bØv iXp-°-tfm, anX-ßtfm D≠m-bn-cn-°m≥ CS-
bn-√. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, At±-l-Øns‚ amt\-
P¿ a´-bv°¬ A®≥, a‰p ]e km£n-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS samgn-Iƒ
sIm≠v sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv FXn¿I-£n-I-fpsS ]cn-lm-k-Øn¬
\n∂pw saXms\ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn´mWv ]m∏n tIm´-bØp
h∂Xv F∂p-am-Wv. Ipw` -amkw Ah-km-\-tØmsS Abmƒ tIm´-
bØp hcn-Ibpw F´p-]Øp Znhkw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. AXn-\ptijw
Abmƒ kw`-h-Zn-hkw ImeØv tIm´-bØp ho≠pw hcn-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AXp-sIm≠v hy‡n-]-c-am-bn´v iXp-°ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v
Abmƒ A[n-I-Zn-hkw tIm´-bØp Xma-kn-®n-´n-√. ]Xn-I-tfm, Ah-
cpsS km£n-Itfm sIme-]m-X-I-Øn-\p≈ Dt±iyw F¥m-sW∂p
]d-bp-∂n-√. t]mkn-Iyq-j≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-b√ ]m∏nsb BI-
an-®-Xv, hS-°p-h-i-Øp-sh®v A√, ]XypX ]Sn-™m-dp-h-iØp h®mWv.
amX-a-√, kw`hw \S-∂Xv cmXn F´p aWn-t°m, Hº-Xp- a-Wnt°m
BWv. A√msX k‘y-a-b-°-Øm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬
hy‡n-ssh-cmKyw \nan-Ø-am-sW-∂p≈ kn≤m¥w ]msS ]cn-Xy-Pn-
t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
kap-Zmb SÃn-I-fn¬ Hcp-h-\mb kn. sP. Ipcy\v, am¿ Zoh-∂m-
tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]em-b\w
sNøn-®-tijw am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v ssIh-i-s∏-
Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p tamlw. AXn-\p-th≠n km[y-
amb GXp am¿§hpw kzoI-cn-®p-t]m-∂p. F√mw-Xs∂ ]cm-P-b-Øn¬
Iem-in-®-t∏mƒ At±lw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw, siΩm-i-∑m-cp-
sSbpw skan-\m-cn-bnse Xmakw G‰w hnj-a-I-c-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw, iey-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn GXm\pw Bfp-Isf skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬
Xmhfw Dd-∏n-®p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬, GXm-
\pw-t]sc saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®n-
cp-∂p. At∏mƒ SÃn-I-fpsS Dt±iy km^-ey-Øn-\p-th≠n Ipsd
N´-ºn-Isf G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Aßs\ saXm-t\-bpw,
siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw iey-s∏-SpØn hnc´n HmSn-°m≥ GXm\pw apl-Ω-
Zo-b-sc-bpw, tNmh-∑m-tcbpw SÃn G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. i‡n-a-√-\mb
]m∏nsb sIme-sN-øp-I-tbm, AwK-hn-lo-\-\m-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬
saXm-®s‚ AwK-c-£-I-∑m-cmbn tijn-°p-∂-h¿ \ncm-i-cmbn HmSn-
129B\-∏m∏n
s∏m-bvs°m-≈p-sa-∂pw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn saXm\pw ]cn-hm-c-ßfpw skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]mW-c-£m¿∞w ]em-b\w sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-sa∂pw
]Xo-£n®p. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-Nc-∑mcpw ta¬]-
d™]Imcw Nn¥n®p. CXmWv Cu Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-t\m-
t±-iyw. CXv FX-amXw kXy-am-sW∂p Rm≥ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xm-
bn-cn-°pw. bmt°m-_mb kap-Zm-b-Ønse `n∂-X-sb-∏‰n Rm≥ apºv
hnNn-¥\w sNbvXn-´p-≠-t√m. H∂mw ¢mkv aPnkvtS-‰ns‚ DØ-c-h-
\p-k-cn®v saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS X\n-®p≈ ssIh-i-Øn¬ skan-
\m-cnbpw ]pc-bn-Shpw h∂p-tN¿∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw Rm≥ ]d™p Ign-
™n-´p-≠v. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS X\Xv ssIh-i-Øn¬ skan-\m-
cnbpw a‰pw G¬]n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXv icn-bm-bn√ F∂p≈ sslt°m-
SXn hn[n-sb-∏-‰nbpw Rm≥ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ a‰p c≠p
SÃn-Iƒ°v sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ \¬Inb Ah-Im-i-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X-
embn thW-sa∂v BK-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p. Ah¿
H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºmsI hmZn-®Xv Ah¿°v Ccp-h¿°pw
X\n®v ssIhiw thW-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eoØm Hcp SÃn
amXw. AXm-bXv SÃn-Iƒ aqh-cn¬, Ah¿ qcn-]-£-ap-≈-h-cm-sW∂p
Npcp-°w. AXp IqSmsX At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\m¬ saXm-
t∏m-eoØm apS-°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW-∂pw, X∂n-anØw At±lw Iq´p-SÃn
ÿm\Øp \n∂p \o°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW∂pw Ah¿ hmZn-®p. sslt°m-
SXn hn[n D≠mb DSs\ Xs∂ c≠p SÃn-Iƒ°pw skan-\m-cnbpw
hkvXp-°fpw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ssIh-i-Øn¬\n∂pw hnS¿Øn
Ah-cpsS I£n-bn¬s∏´ am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns\ G¬]n-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-
Xm-bn-cp∂p Aflmb sshZnI SÃn-I-fpsS D∂w. 18-˛8-˛87-˛¬ skan-
\mcn]d-ºnse \mfn-tIcw CSo-°m≥ SÃn-Iƒ ian-®p. AXns\
FXn¿Ø am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ amt\-P-cmb a´-bv°¬ A®s\
kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bƒ°m¿ A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw tZtlm-]-Zhw G¬]n-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. a -bv°¬ A®-\pw, siΩm-i\pw l¿Pn-Iƒ sImSp-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-I -D≠m-bn F∂v apºv ]kvXm-hn-®n- p-≠-t√m. CtXmsS
t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvSdpw a‰pw cwK-ÿn-X-cm-bn. AI-a-߃ sNø-
cp-sX∂v Ah¿ SÃn-Isf KpW-tZm-jn-®p. skan-\mcn]d-ºnse \mfn-
tIcw CSo® Znhkw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ A]-
am-\n®p F∂v Hcp hm¿Ø ]c-∂n-cp-∂p. Cu hm¿Ø kXy-amtWm
F∂v At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xncp-h√m, amth-en-°c apX-emb ÿe-
ß-fn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A\p-Km-an-Iƒ tIm -bØv hcn-
I-bp-≠m-bn. taen¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb A]-am-\n-°m≥ CS-bm-
ImsX Ccn-∏m≥ GXm-\pw-t]sc Ab®psImSp-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n®p.
130 B\-∏m∏n
AX-\p-k-cn®v GI-tZiw Ccp-]-Øn-b©v Bfp-Isf Ab-®p-sIm-
SpØp. AXn¬ ]Øp-t]¿ Ft∏mgpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs∂ D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-emWv t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvSdpw, H∂mw ¢mkv
aPn-kvtS-‰pw, UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\v dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Ab-®-Xv.
]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-Iƒ amX-a-√, am¿ Zoh-
∂m-tkym-kns‚ X\n-®p≈ ssIh-i-Øn¬ Ccp∂ ]gbskan-\mcn
Nm∏epw AS®p]q´-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aPn-kvtS-
‰ns‚ DØ-chv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ Hcp hnj-am-h-ÿ-bn¬
FØn®p. ]oUm-\p-`-hm-gvN-bn¬ a‰v GsX-¶nepw ]≈n-bn-te°v
Xmakw am‰msX ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp apdn IqZmi sNbvXv
At±lw Xs‚ [ym\-]-c-amb ]m¿∞\Iƒ \S-Øn-t∏m-∂p.
X߃ ]Xo-£n-®-Xp-t]mse am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv skan-\m-cn-bn¬
\n∂p ]em-b\w sNbvXn-s√∂pw, Xs‚ tZl-c-£-bv°mbn GXm\pw
t]sc am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw SÃn-Iƒ
Kln-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚bpw At¥-hm-kn-I-fmb siΩm-i-∑m-cp-
sSbpw skan-\m-cn-bnse Pohn-X-Øn\v ieyw hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn SÃn
Iƒ IqSp-X¬ hocy-h-Ømb am¿§-߃ tXSp-I-bp-≠m-bn. GI-tZiw
ao\w 10 apX¬ Nne apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpw, tNmh-∑m-cpw, InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
kwL-ambn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂n-cp-∂p. Ch-cn¬ Nne-cpsS ]°¬
Ipdp-h-Sn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sshZnI hnZym-`ym-km¿∞w skan-\m-cn-
bn¬, Xma-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ siΩm-i-∑m-sc-bpw, AhnsS Xmakw
Dd-∏n-®n-cp∂ Xs∂bpw `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw, A]-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw
Nn√d iey-߃ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Ch¿ skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬
Np‰n-A-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv F∂p hmZn-`mKw 19-˛-mw -km-£n-bmb am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. At±lw atlm-
∂-X-amb Hcp ÿm\Øv Bcq-V-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp alm-\m-Wv.
At±lw AX Ffp-∏-Øn¬ N´-ºn-Iƒ°v A`n-K-ay-\-√. F∂n-cp-
∂mepw At±-lsØ A]-am-\n-°m≥ sNbvX Nne kw`-h-ß-sf-∏‰n
samgn -sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. hmZn-`mKw 13˛Dw 23˛Dw km£n-I-fmb siΩm-
i-∑mcpw samgn- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu iey-ß-tfbpw, A]-am-\-P-\y-
ßfmb kw`-h-ß-sfbpw hnh-cn®p ta¬]-kvXm-hn® Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-
IqsS ]Xn-Iƒ F√m-hcpw skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ ]th-in-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp∂p F∂-Xn\v [mcmfw sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠v. CXn\v ]Xn-I-fpsS kam-
[m\w skan-\mcn ]d-ºn¬ \n∂pw a‰mcpw tXßm C´p-sIm≠v t]mIm-
Xn-cn-°m-\pw, skan-\m-cn-bnse km[-\-߃ Bcpw sIm≠p-t]m-ImsX
kq£n-°m\pw, X߃ SÃn-I-fm¬ \nb-an-°-s∏-´-h-cp-am-sW-∂m-bn-
cp-∂p.
131B\-∏m∏n
Cu hmZ-ap-J-Øn\v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv skan-\mcn sslkvIq-
fnse ]n≥kn-∏-fmb (Fw. F. A®≥) hmZn-`mKw 14˛mw km£n-bpsS
sXfnhpw Fs‚ apºmsI D≠v. ]Xn-I-fn¬ H∂v, aq∂v, ]Xn-s\m∂v
F∂n-hsc Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. At±-l-Øns‚ hSn
]nSn®p ]dn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn H∂pw, aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-
bpsS hSt° ap‰Øv Ipdp-hSn G¥n Ccp-∂-h-cmWv F∂pw At±lw
saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS I£n-°m-c≥ BsW-¶nepw kXyw amX-amWv
]d-™Xv F∂p-≈-Xn-s\-∏‰n F\n°v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√.
SÃn-I-fm¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-hcpw, skan-\m-cnsb ImØp-kq-£n-
∏m\pw D≈-h-sc∂ \mtSy\ ]Xn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bnse At¥-hm-
kn-Isf iey-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xpw, A]-am-\n-°p-∂-Xp-amb ]e ]hr-Øn-
Ifpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-Xn\p \ap°p [mcmfw sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\p 10- mw ]Xn-tb-bpw, 11- mw ]Xn-tbbpw amXta Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ Ign-™p-≈p. At±-l-Øn\p h√-t∏m-gpsa ]pd-tØbv°v
ItÆm-Sn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p≈p F∂p-≈-XmWv CXn-\p≈ Imc-Ww.
F∂m¬ c≠p apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ Xs‚ kao]w h∂p F∂pw, Ahsc
Xm≥ hnc´n HmSn®p F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
]m∏n c≠m-aXv h∂ Znhkw ]Xn-Iƒ siΩm-i-∑msc A]-am-\n-
®-Xn\pw Fw. G. A®s‚ hSn-]n-Sn®p ]dn-®-Xn\pw Ah-tcmSp tZjy-
Øn¬ iIm-cn-°p-Ibpw taen¬ Aßs\ h√Xpw sNbvXm¬ Xm≥
]Icw ho´p-sa∂v ]m∏n ]Xn-I-tfm-Sp ]d-bp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Xs‚
ImbnIi‡n \nan-Øhpw Xs‚ Iogn-ep≈ AwK-c-£-I-∑m-cpsS
kwJym-_-e-hp-amWv Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ Imc-Ww. ]m∏nsb kwl-cn-
°p-∂-Xnt\m AYhm tZl-Zfiw G¬]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m ]Xn-Iƒ
kwLw -IqSn Btem-N\ \SØn F∂p≈ Imcyw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn\p
hnj-a-an-√.
Ht∂m, ct≠m aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°p tijw A°c ]m∏-®\pw I´-
∏p-dØp tXmakpw IqSn Iqdn-temkv saXm-®s‚ apdn-bn¬ Ccp∂v
IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah¿ ]e-t∏mgpw Iqdn-temkv
saXms‚ apdn-bn¬ cl-ky-ambn ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂p. kw`-h-Zn-hkw
D®Ign™v Ipa-c-I-Øp-\n∂pw Hcp h≈w skan-\m-cn-°-S-hn¬ h∂p.
AXn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfp-Isf 11˛mw ]Xn saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS
apdn-bn-te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. ]Xn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw saXm-t∏m-eo-
Øm-bpsS apdn-bn¬ IqSn. kmbm-”-Øn¬ \mep- a-Wn°v Iqdn-temkv
saXm-®-\pw, `rXy-P-\-ßfpw km[-\-km-a-Kn-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn h≈-°-S-
hn-te°p \oßn. ]m∏-®-\pw, I -∏p-dØp tXmakpw ]Xn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb IS-hp-hsc A\p-bmX sNbvXp.
132 B\-∏m∏n
kw`-h-Øn\p c≠p aWn-°q¿ aptº saXm-t∏m-eoØm skan-\mcn
hn´p-t]m-bXv Nne ]iv\-߃ Df-hm-°p-∂p. ]Xn- mKw c≠mw km£n
]d-bp-∂Xv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ipa-cIw ]≈n-bn-te°v \oßn-bXv
IjvSm-\p-`-hmgvN AhnsS Ign-®p-Iq-´m-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂m-Wv. F∂m¬
sXfnhv IqSp-X-embn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ Cu kam-[m\w kwi-bn-
t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IjvSm-\p-`hmgvN hfsc ][m-\-amb Hcp hmc-am-
sW-∂pw, A°m-e-b-f-hn¬ saXm\v `‡n-]p-c-cw I¿Ω-߃ A\p-
jvTn-°m-\p-s≠∂pw At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. Ipa-c-I-Øn\p t]mIm≥
c≠mgvN apsº At±lw Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, F∂m¬
AXn-s\-∏‰n Hcp hm°p-t]mepw bmsXm-cm-tfmSpw ]d-™n-s√∂pw,
Ipa-c-I-tØ°p t]mIm≥ Hcp h≈w G¿∏mSp sNbvXn-s√∂pw
At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. Ipa-c-IØp \n∂pw h≈w h∂Xv Hcp BI-kvanI
kw`-h-am-sW-∂pw, Aßs\ Hcp h≈w h∂n-√m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬
At±lw Ggv ssa¬ hnZq-c-amb Ipa-c-I-tØ-°mƒ kao-]-amb ]mW-
º-Sn-°-tem, I√p-¶-Xtbm Xm≥ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-t∂t\ F∂pw At±lw
]d-bp-∂p. ho≠pw At±lw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p, ]≈n-I-fn¬ Xm¬°m-
enI hmk-Øn\p t]mIp-tºmƒ At±lw Xs‚ F√m rXy-∑m-tcbpw
sIm≠p-t]m-IpI ]Xn-hn-s√-∂pw, F∂m¬ Cu ]mhiyw At±lw
Xs‚ ¢m¿°n-t\bpw, siΩm-i-s\bpw F√m the-°m-scbpw sIm≠p-
t]m-bXv A¿∞-K¿`-am-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ an°hmdpw F√m kmam-
\-ßfpw FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw \mfn-Xp-hsc skan-
\m-cn-bn-te°v Xncn®p h∂n-´n-√. Cu hkvXpX-Iƒ F√mw Xs∂bpw
hninjym At±lw kw`-h-Øn\v c≠p aWn-°q¿ aptº s]mSp-∂s\
ÿewhn´Xpw A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv. ]m∏-®\pw, I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kpw-
IqSn saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Ipa-c-IØv Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\p s]s´∂p
Hcp h≈w i´w-sI-´n-b-Xm-sW∂v k¿°m¿ h°o¬ (hmZn h°o¬)
hmZn-°p-∂p. GXm\pw kabw Ign™v D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂ Akp-
J-]-Z-amb kw`hw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS \ma-tØmSv LSn-∏n-°-cp-
sX∂p Icp-Xn-bm-Wv, Cßs\ Ipa-c-IØp \n∂pw h∂ h≈-am-sW∂p
]d™v Hcp h≈w G¿∏mSp sNbvX-Xv. CXn¬\n∂pw a‰p kml-N-cy-
ß-fn¬ \n∂pw CXv hniz-kn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
am¿ Iqdn-temkv ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂p h≈w Ib-dnb DSs\
kw`-hn-®Xv ]m∏-®-\pw ]m¿´n-bpw, ]Xn-I-fpw c≠p- `m-K-ambn ]ncn-
bpI F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Nne¿ aW-∏p-d-tØ-°pw, a‰p -Nn-e¿ skan-
\m-cn-bn-te°pw t]mbn.
ta¬ hnh-cn® hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Cu Inan-\¬ Ip‰-Øns‚
133B\-∏m∏n
Dt±-iyw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-sØ-∏-‰n-bm-sW∂pw ]m∏n
AXn\p ]Xn-Iƒ°p XS--ambn \n¬°p∂ Bfm-b-Xp-sIm≠v
Abmsf \o°w sNø-W-sa∂pw D≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
C\nbpw kw`hw \S-∂-Xns‚ kml-N-cy-Øn-te-°p≈ sXfn-hns\
hni-I-e\w sNømw. skan-\mcn aW-∏p-d-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ sjÕp-I-
fn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m FÆw Nmb-°-S-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ
Cu Nmb-°-S-I-fn¬ Ibdn Nmb IpSn-°pI F∂p-≈Xv Hcp ]Xn-hm-
bn-cp-∂p. acn® ]m∏n kmbwImeØv A©c aWn°v Nmb IpSn-°m-
\mbn Ch-bn¬ Hcp Nmb-°-S-bn-te°p t]mbn. H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-
Iƒ hS-°p-h-i-Øp≈ Nmb-°-S-bpsS ap≥\n-c-bn¬ Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-
cp-∂p. ]m∏n Nmbbv°p Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ
]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, ]m∏n°pw a‰pw Nmb sImSp-°m-\n-s√-∂v. jm∏p-S-
a-ÿ-\mb Ip™m-ΩZv (hm-Zn-`mKw ]Ømw km£n) CXns\ ]Xn-
tj-[n-®p. Abmƒ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, ]‰p-h-c-hp-Imsc Cßs\ hnc´n
HmSn-°p-∂Xp icnb-s√∂v. AXp tI´-t∏mƒ H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ
X߃ AhnsS Ccn-°p-∂n-s√∂p ]d™v Fgp-t∂-‰p. ]Sn-™m-dp-
hi-Øp≈ GXm\pw Bfp-Isf ssI Im-´n-s°m≠v H∂mw ]Xn
ÿeØp \n∂p amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""Cu Bfp-Iƒ Hcp elf
D≠m-°m≥ ian-°-bmWv'' F∂p Nmb-°-S-°m-c≥ ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v GXm\pwt]¿ skan-\m-cn-bpsS `mK-
tØ°p t]mIbpw sNbvXp. H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ X߃ Ipgn-®p-
aq-Sn-bn-cp∂ Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ am¥n FSp-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿ Ah-bpw-sIm≠v
sXt°m´p ]mbp-∂Xpw I≠p F∂pw samgn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. H∂mw-
]Xn ]nd-In¬°qSn h∂v ]m∏n-bpsS Xe e£y-am°n HcSn sImSp-
Ø-Xns\ ]m∏n ssI sIm≠p XSp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. H∂mw]Xn ho≠pw
]m∏nsb ASn-®p. c≠mw-]-Xnbpw ]m∏nsb H∂Sn-®p. ]m∏n sXs°
Zn°n-te°p HmSn. ""Ah-\m-Wv, ]nSn-sbSm Ahs\'' F∂v ]m∏-®≥
A´-l-kn®p ]d-™p. sXt°m´p HmSnb ]m∏n-bpsSta¬ ]Xn-Iƒ
F√m-hcpw ssI h-®p. ]m∏n Pe-k-ao]w FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]m∏-®≥
hSn-hm-fp-sIm≠v ]m∏n-bpsS Imen\v sh´n. ]m∏n sh≈-Øn¬°qSn
sXt°m´v HmSn. ]Xn-Iƒ F√m-hcpw hSn-IƒsIm≠p ]m∏n-sb- X-√n.
aq∂mw ]Xn, ]m∏nsb De-°- sIm-≠-Sn-®p. ]m∏n sh≈w Hgp-Ip∂
Nmens‚ sX°p-h-iØv FØn-b-t∏mƒ aq∂mw-]Xn ]m∏n-bpsS
Xebv°v De-°-sIm≠v Hc-Sn -IqSn sImSp-Øp. AtXmsS ]m∏n
\neØp hoWp. a‰p ]Xn-Iƒ Ipsd ASn-Iƒ sImSp-Ø-tijw ]em-
b\w sNbvXp. Nne¿ he-tØm-´pw a‰p- Nn-e¿ sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ I´-
∏p-dØp ho´n-te-°p-amWv HmSn-t∏m-b-Xv.
134 B\-∏m∏n
hmZn-`mKw H∂mw -km£n an° ]Xn-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v.
c≠mw km£n F√m ]Xn-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. Cu c≠p
km£n-Ifpw kw`hw Ign™v b-s∏´v hnc-t≠m-Sp-I-bp-≠m-sb-¶nepw
c≠mw km£n Bdns‚ sX°p-h-iØp \n∂p-sIm-≠v kw`hw icn°v
ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ H∂mw km£n skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v HmSn-
t∏m-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fmb F√m-h-scbpw Xncn-®-dn-
bp-∂-Xn\p km[n-°msX h∂-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p.
a‰v ZrIvkm-£n-Iƒ hmZn-`mKw 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 F∂o km£n-I-
fm-Ip-∂p. Ch-cn¬ aq∂mw km£n adp-`mKw tNcp-Ibpw aPn-kvtS-
‰n¬ Xm≥ apºv sImSpØ samgnsb \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
hmZn-`mKw Bdmw km£n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Bdp- ssa¬
Zqc-ap≈ Ipgn-a-‰-Øp-Im-c≥ Hcp hb--\m-Wv. Abmƒ skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ sN∂Xv am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-®s\ ImWm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-
\p-tijw Abmƒ XmSn-bpw, aoi-bpw, apJhpw Igp-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn B‰p-
I-S-hn-te°v sN∂p. Bdns‚ FXn¿h-i-Øp≈ FSm´p ho´n¬ \n∂pw
Xncn®ph∂ Hcp \mb-cmWv hmZn-`mKw Ggmw km£n. hmZn `mKw 8,
9, 10, 11 F∂o km£n-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-tbmSp _‘-s∏´ Bfp-I-fmWv.
Ch-cn¬ 8, 9 F∂ km£n-Iƒ saXms‚ ta\nImh¬`-S-∑m-cn¬ s]´-
h-cpw, ]Øpw, ]Xn-s\m∂pw km£n-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bnse Ipin-\n-
°m-cp-am-Wv. acn® ]m∏n-bpsS \ne-hn-fn-tI´v Cu km£n-Iƒ F√m-
hcpw kw`hw \S∂ ÿe-tØ°v HmSn FØp-Ibpw IS-hnse ssI∏-
S-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v kw`hw ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Cu km£n-Iƒ kXy-Øn-t∑¬ t_m[n-∏n-°p∂ samgn, H∂mw
]Xn-bmWv BZy-ambn ]m∏nsb Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-®Xv F∂m-Wv.
AXn-\p-tijw c≠mw-]-Xnbpw Xs‚ Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm-≠v ]m∏nsb X√p-
I-bp-≠m-bn. ]m∏n sXt°m´p HmSp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ H∂pw,
c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ Abmsf A\p-[m-h\w sNbvXp. s]mSp-∂s\ a‰p
]Xn-Ifpw ]m∏nsb ASn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A[nIw Bg-an-√mØ sh≈-
®m-en¬ ]m∏n FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]m∏-®≥ Abmsf IpØn. AI-an-Iƒ
]m∏n-bpsS ]n∂mse HmSn. ]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°p aq∂mw-]Xn HcSn
sImSp-Øp. Ggmw-]Xn Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-°p-Ibpw AtXmsS ]m∏n
\neØphogp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ ]Xn-Iƒ F√m-hcpwIqSn
]m∏nsb X√n-®-X-®p. A\-¥cw Ah¿ F√m-hcpw \m\m -Zn-°p-I-fn-
te°pw ]m™p-t]m-bn. ]Xn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn® Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ ssIbpsS
hep∏w D≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
135B\-∏m∏n
am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpw, a´-bv°¬ IØ-\mcpw
Cu elf \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ kabw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ k‘ym-]m¿-
∞\ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. GXm\pw km£n-Iƒ ]d-
bp-∂-Xv, ]m¿∞\ \S-Øn-bXv henb i_vZ-Øn-em-sW∂pw X∂n-
anØw aW¬∏p-dØv \S∂ elf Fs¥∂p tIƒ°m≥ km[n-®n-
s√-∂pw, AXp-sIm-≠v k‘ym-\-a-kvImcw Ign-™-Xn-\p-ti-jta el-
f-sb-∏‰n Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂p≈p F∂p-am-Wv.
hmZn-`mKw 22˛mw km£n-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ t]mkn-
Iyq-j≥ `mKØp tN¿∂n-cp∂p F∂p≈ Btcm-]Ww kXy-hn-cp-≤-
am-Wv. At±lw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn t]mkn-Iyq-j≥ `mK-Øm-bn-cp∂p
F∂mWv ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ChnsS AX√ IY. Bcw`w
apX¬ Xs∂ saXm≥ I£n-°m¿ At±-l-Øn\p FXn-cmbn Iºn-
Ifpw, ]cmXn l¿Pn-Ifpw Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p F∂v At±lw Xs∂
kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. saXm≥ I£n-I-tfm-Sp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ]I
\nanØw Cu tIkv At\z-j-W-Øn¬ At±lw DZm-ko-\-\m-bn-cp∂p
F∂pw, saXm≥ I£n-°m¿ Xs‚ iXp-°-fmbncp∂-Xn-\m¬ X\n°v
At\z-jWw \S-Øm≥ km[n-®n-s√∂pw dnt∏m¿´v Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbpw
C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS samgn-bn¬ \n∂pw sXfn-bp∂hn[-Øn¬ [mcmfw
hkvXp-X-I-fp-≠v. aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ Un.H. IØpw samgnbpw Cu A\p-
am-\-Øns\ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ hmZn-`mKw
22˛mw km£n-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ saXm≥ I£n-I-tfmSv
iXpXzw D≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, ]kvXpX I£nsb A\p-Iq-
en®v dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°m≥ CS-bn-s√∂pw, Rm≥ hfsc hy‡-ambn
A`n-]m-b-s∏-´p-sIm-≈p-∂p. C≥kvs]-IvS¿ k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂p s]≥-
j≥ ]‰n ]ncn™p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Ia-t°-
Sp-I-sf-∏‰n IqSp-X-embn bmsXm∂pw ]kvXm-hn-°m≥ Rm≥ Dt±-in-
°p-∂n-√.
]Xn-I-fpsS ]n∂o-Sp≈ hmZw acn® ]m∏nbpsS ac-W-sam-gnsb
Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v, Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ
At©m Btdm t]cp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Ah¿ ]´m-Wn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p
F∂pw. ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn FSp-°p∂ kabw Abmƒ Xoh-
amb thZ\ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂XpsIm≠v IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-amb hnh-c-
߃ tNmZn®p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p km[n-®n-√. ]m∏n-tbmSp tNmZn®
tNmZy-߃°v icn-bmb adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ km[n-®n-s√∂pw AXn\p
ImcWw Abmƒ°v GImKNnØ-\m-bn-cn-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-
≠m-sW∂pw Hcp tNmZyw Xs∂ Ht∂m ct≠m aqt∂m ]mhiyw
136 B\-∏m∏n
tNmZn-®-Xn\p tijta DØcw e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p≈p F∂pw saUn-
°¬ Hm^o-k¿ kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ]m∏n-bpsS hnj-
am-hÿ \nanØw ]m∏nsb IqSp-X¬ _p≤n-ap-´n-°msX aPn-kvtS‰v
hnc-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs∂ ]l-cn-®Xv k‘y Ign™p As©´p
\mgn-I-bv°p tij-am-sW∂v aPn-kvtS-‰n\p t_m[y-am-bn. B ka-
bØn\p apºm-bn-´mWv ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-sN-∂Xv
F∂p-≈Xp Xs∂-bmWv ]m∏n ]d-™Xv sX‰m-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\v
km£yw. acn® ]m∏n, Xs∂ ASn-®Xp ]´m-Wn-I-fm-sW∂p ]d-™n-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p taØ-∑mcpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw tNmh-∑mcpw Bbn-
´p≈ Xß-f√ Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ F∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ hmZn-°p-∂p. Cu
hmZsØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]m∏n-bpsS `mcy sImSpØ Hcp-
]-cmXn l¿Pnsb Bi-bn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Hcp ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-
_n-fmb kn. Uª-yp. H∂n-s\bpw ]Xn-h¿§-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
ac-W-samgn hmbn-®p-t\m-°n-b-Xn¬ Rm≥ a\-n-em-°p-∂Xv A©m-
dp-t]cv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√mw ]´m-Wn-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]e Bfp-Iƒ
IqSn ASn®p. Ipsd Bfp-Iƒ IqSn D≠v. ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-_n-fns\
IqSmsX thsd GsX-¶nepw ]´m-Wnbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn bmsXmcp
kqN-\bpw ]Xn-Iƒ \¬In-bn-´n-√. ]m∏n-bpsS A¥y-samgn \nPm-h-
ÿ-tbmSp tbmPn-°p-∂p-an-√. ""sIm√ps∂ sIm√ps∂'' F∂n-Xym-Zn-
Iƒ sXm≠ -Xp-d∂v IqIn \ne-hn-fn®p ]d-™p-sIm≠v ]m∏n HmSn-b-
t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v Xs‚ ]Xn-tbm-Kn-Isf Xncn-®-dn™v Ah¿ GtXXp
h¿§-Øn¬s] -h-cm-sW∂v IrXy-am-tbm, Jfin-X-amtbm Hc- n-]mbw
cq]-h¬°-cn-°m≥ km[n-®n-s√-∂p-≈Xp hy‡-am-Wv. ]m∏n tIm -bØv
A]-cn-Nn-X-\m-sW-∂pw, X≥\n-anØw Bfp-Isf Ah-cpsS Xte¬
sI´p-sIm≠v hnth-Nn-®-dn-bm≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√m-Ø-h\pw Bbn-cp-∂n-cn-
°-Ww. As√-¶n¬ hmZn-`mKw 9˛mw-km£n ]d-bp∂]Imcw amth-en-
°-c-bpw, a‰p Nne ÿe-ß-fnepw taØ-∑msc ]´m-Wn-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-
°m-dp-≈-Xp-sIm≠pw, AXp-a-√m-sb-¶n¬ acn® ]m∏n Xs‚ ]Xn-tbm-
Kn-Ifn¬ G‰w ]ap-J-∑m-sc-∏-‰n-tbm¿Øv ]d-bp-∂Xpw Bbn-cn-°mw.
Cß-s\-bp≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ hnkvar-Xn-sIm≠pw, BLmXw
sIm≠pw Cß-s\-bp≈ ]am-Z-߃ D≠m-Im-dp-s≠-∂p-≈-Xn\v
At\Iw DZm-l-c-W-߃ KŸ-ß-fn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.
tIkns‚ hn[n Cßs\ XpS-cp∂p:˛
Bk-∂-a-c-Wcm-Ip∂ hy‡n-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ samgn hfsc kq£va-
X-tbmsS ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂p≈ [mcW D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-
Xm-Wv. ]tXy-In®v Ah¿ FXn¿ hnkvXm-c-Øn\p hnt[-b-c-√m-Ø-
137B\-∏m∏n
hcpw X≥\n-anØw hymP-samgn \¬In F∂p-≈-Xn-\p≈ in£-bn¬-
\n∂pw hnap-‡cpw Bb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠pw.
G. B¿. B°w ]am-W-Øn-ep-≈ (]m-∏n-bpsS ac-W-sam-gn) hkvXp-
X-Isf tIn¬ sXfn-bn-°-s∏- n- p≈ hkvXp-X-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn ]pe¿-
Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-Im≥ ]‰n√ F∂ A`n-]m-b-amWv F\n-°p-≈-Xv.
]Xn-I-fpsS A\-¥-c-]h¿Ø\-߃ Cu Imcy-Øn¬ A¬]w
shfn®w hoip-∂p-≠v. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ hmZn-`mKw 24˛mw km£n
(I´∏p-dØp sXmΩn A°) -bpsS samgn G‰w hniz-k-\o-b-ambn Rm≥
Icp-Xp-∂p. Ah¿ ]d-bp∂p; IrXyw \S-∂-Xn\p apºv ]e-t∏mgpw I´-
∏p-dØp ho´n¬ IqSns°m≠n-cp-∂-hsc kw`-h-Øn\p tijw, AhnsS
IqSn h∂-Xmbn I≠n-´n√ F∂pw hmZn-`mKw 25˛mw km£n-bmb aPn-
kvtS‰v, samgn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv, ]Xn-Iƒ Hfn®p \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p
F∂m-Wv. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ Fs‚ apºmsI X∂ tÉp-
sa‚n¬ Ah¿ kw`-h-Øn-\p-tijw Hfn-hn¬ t]mbn F∂pw Ah¿
am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ `rXy-∑m-cm-sW∂p \Sn-®n-cp∂p F¶nepw ]n∂oSv
Ah¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS IqsS tPmen°p tN¿∂n-´n-s√∂p kΩ-
Xn-°p-∂p-≠v; F´pw, HºXpw ]Xn-Ifpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ahcpw
Hfn-hn-em-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Ahsc sNß-f-Øn-\-SpØp≈ Hcp
ÿeØp h®mWv AdÃp sNbvX-sX∂pw ]m∏n-bpsS h[-Øn\p
apºp-Xs∂ ]Xn-Iƒ Hfn-hn¬t]mbn F∂p-ap≈ hkvXpX Cu
tIkn¬ ]tXyIw Ku\n-t°≠ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv.
ta¬ ]cn-K-Wn® sXfn-hp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp hkvXpX hni-Z-am-Ip-
∂p-≠v. ]Xn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hcpw tN¿∂v ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-Øn\p Imc-
W-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw tZl-Zfiw sNø-W-sa∂p KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-
Ibpw AXn-\mbn \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn kwLw tNcp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS
Dt±-iy-k-^-eo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n skan-\m-cn-bpsS FXn¿h-i-ap≈
aW-∏p-d-Øp-sh®v ]m∏nsb G‰p-ap-´p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂v hni-Z-am-
Ip-∂p-≠v. ]Xn-Iƒ ]m∏nsb ]l-cn-°p-Ibpw Ipdp-h-Sn-IƒsIm≠pw
aq∂mw ]Xn Hcp De-°-sIm≠pw ASn-°p-Ibpw X≥\n-anØw Abm-
fpsS ac-W-Øn\v tlXp-hm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k¿
]d-™n-cn-°p∂ apdn-hp-Iƒ BcmWv G¬]n-®-sX∂pw BcpsS ASn-
\n-an-Ø-amWv ]m∏n acWw ]m]n-®-sX∂pw sXfn-™n-´n-√. F∂m¬
]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°v Hcp Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v aq∂mw ]Xnbpw ASn®p
F∂-Xn\v hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠v. ]m∏n-bpsS Xe-bv°p≈ amc-
I-amb ASn°p Imc-W-°m-c≥ aq∂mw ]Xn-bm-sW∂p \ymb-ambn
Duln-°-Ø-°-hÆw sXfn-hp-≠v. F∂m¬ AXv Hcph\p Xo¿®-bmbn
ka¿∞n-°m≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√.
138 B\-∏m∏n
Nmb-°-S-bpsS kao-]-Øp-h®v ]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°v H∂pw c≠pw
]Xn-Iƒ ASn-®mWv Cu BI-aWw Bcw-`n-®-Xv F∂v hy‡-ambn
sXfn-™n-´p-≠v. ]m∏n sXt°m´v HmSn. ]Xn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hcpw Ipdp-
h-Sn-I-fp-ta¥n ]Sn-™m-dp-h-i-Øp≈ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-tØ°p
NmSn. X’-abw ]m∏n GXm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\p Adn-hn-\p-th≠n ]m∏-
®≥, ]m∏nsb Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Abmsf ]nSn-°m≥ Bh-iy-
s∏- p. sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v ]m∏n ]m™-t∏m-ƒ F√m-
h-cpw-IqSn Abm-fp-sS-ta¬ NmSn-ho-Wp. B‰ns‚ kao-]Øp ]m∏n sN∂-
t∏mƒ he-Øp-Im-en¬ ]m∏-®≥ Hcp IpØp \S-Øn. ]m∏n sh≈-
Øn¬ IqSn \o¥n. F√m ]Xn-Ifpw Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fp-ambn ]m∏nsb A\p-
[m-h\w sNbvXp. aq∂mw ]Xn (A-≥) Hcp De-°-sIm-≠p ]m∏nsb
ASn-®p. AXn-t\msS ]m∏n \new-]-cn-im-bn -ho-Wp. Ggmw ]Xnbpw
Hcp Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠p ]m∏nsb ASn-®p. a‰p -]-Xn-Iƒ sXcp-sXsc
]m∏nsb X√n-b-tijw HmSn-°-f-™p. Nne¿ hS-t°m´pw a‰p -Nn-e¿
sX°p-h-i-ap≈ I´-∏p-dØp ho´n-te-°p-amWv ]em-b\w sNbvX-Xv.
]m∏n Xs‚ he-XpssI Xe-bn¬ h®p-sIm≠v Xesb D∂w-h-®p-sIm-
≠p≈ ASnsb XSp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
C\nbpw ]Xn-I-fpsS sXfn-hns\ Rm≥ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ DZy-an-
°p-∂p. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ HgnsI F√m-hcpw ]d-bp-
∂Xv Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bntem skan-\mcn hf-∏ntem ao\w 10 apX¬
]th-in-®n-´n-s√-∂m-Wv. Cu hkvXp-Xsb ZrIvkm-£n-Ifpw am¿ Zoh-
∂m-tkymkpw m. Koh-dp-Ko-kpw (Fw. F. A-®≥) a -bv°¬ A®\pw
siΩm-i-∑mcpw a‰p Nne km£n-Ifpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. ta¬]-d™
km£n-I-fpsS samgnsb Rm≥ apgp-h-\mbpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂p.
]m∏nsb X√n-s°m∂ kw`hw \S-∂Xv skan-\m-cn-bpsS hS-°p-h-
i-Øp≈ aW¬Øn-´-bn¬ h®√ ]XypX skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]Sn-™m-
dp-h-iØp h®m-sW∂pw ]Xn-`mKw hmZn-°p-∂p. AXn\p ]pdsa
]m∏nsb A]m-b-I-c-amw-hÆw ]cp-°p-Iƒ G¬]n-®Xv t]mkn-Iyq-
j≥ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sshIp-t∂cw A©p -a-Wn-bv°-s√∂pw
t\sc-a-dn®v cmXn 8 aWnt°m 9 aWnt°m BsW∂pw Hcp hmZ-
ap≠v. kw`hw \S-∂Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ]Sn-™mtd aW-∏p-dØph®m-
sW-¶n¬ t]mepw AXns\ hS-°p-h-i-Øm-°p-∂-Xn\v t]mkn-Iyq-j≥
ian-°p-∂-Xn\p bmsXmcp Dt±-iy-Im-c-Whpw Rm≥ ImWp-∂n-√. ]Sn-
™m-dp-h-i-Øp-\n∂v sIme-]m-XIw hS-°p-h-iØp \S-∂-Xp-t]m-se-
X-s∂ ]c-a-Zm-cp-W-amb Ip‰-a-sX. amX-a√ kw`hw \S-∂-Xns‚ ]ns‰
139B\-∏m∏n
Znh-ktam As√-¶n¬ (19˛8˛87) IrXy-ÿew kµ¿in® hmZn-`mKw
22˛mw km£n-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn-
sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]m∏nsb ASn-®p-ho-gvØnb ÿew c‡w ]pc-
≠-Xmbn ImW-s∏´p F∂v 30˛8˛87˛¬ Xøm-dm-°nb F. sP. A°w
t]meokv πm\n¬ Cu hkvXpX ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. t]meokv
C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS sXfnhv ]Xn-I-fpsS hmZw sX‰m-sW∂v ÿm]n-
°m≥ ]m[m-\y-ap≈ H∂m-Wv.
kw`hw cmXn 8 aWnt°m 9 aWnt°m BWv \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv F∂
hmZw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-sam-gn-bmWv Cu hmZ-Øn\v
Dt]m¬_-e-Iw. k‘y-bv°p-tijw As©´p \mgnI Ign-™mWv
Xs∂ X√nbXv F∂v ]m∏n ]d-bp-∂p. Cu ]kvXm-h\ FgpXn
FSpØ aPn-kvtS-‰n\v At∏mƒ Xs∂ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn
]m∏n°v sX‰p-]-‰n-sb-∂v. aPnkvtS‰v kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn sImSp-
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn, ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂Xv cmXn 8
aWn°pw 9 aWn°pw CS-bv°m-sW∂pw Xm≥ X¬£Ww Bip-]-
Xn-bn¬ FØn F∂pw Abmsf I≠p F∂pw. hmZn-`mKw 21˛mw
km£n-bmb saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k¿ kXyw-sNbvXv samgn ]d-™n-
´p≠v. ]m∏n ]d-bp∂]Imcw IrXyw \S-∂Xv cmXn 8 aWn°pw 9
aWn°pw CS-bv°m-sW-¶n¬ Hcp I´n¬ Xøm-dm°n Abmsf BZyw
t]meokvtÃj-\n-te°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°pw 8
aWn°pw 9 aWn°pw at≤y sIm≠p-sN∂p F∂p-≈Xv ]gbskan-
\m-cnbpw tIm´bw Pn√m Bip-]-Xnbpw XΩn¬ H∂-c -ssa-en¬ IqSp-
X¬ Zqc-ap≈ ÿnXn°v km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ Akm-≤y-am-Wv.
saUn-°¬ B^o-k¿ Hcp Imcyw-IqSn kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn sImSp-
°p-∂p-≠v. ]m∏nsb I≠-tijw At±lw Xs‚ in]m-bn-sb-sIm-≠v
Xs‚ ho´n¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ Xmt°m¬ hcpØn B^okv apdn Xpd-
∏n®v aPn-kvtS-‰n\v Hcp IØv Ab-bv°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]kvXpX IØv
cmXn Hº-Xc aWn°v aPn-kvtS-‰n\p In´n. Cu hkvXp-Xbpw ]Xn-
I-fpsS hmZsØ inYn-e-am-°p-∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS apdn-hp-Iƒ h®p-sI-´p-
∂-Xn\v Hcp aWn-°q¿ t\cw th≠n-h-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw ]m∏nsb
ikvX-Inbm apdn-bn¬\n∂p \Sp-°p≈ lmfn-te°v am‰p-I-bp-≠mbn.
Ahn-sS-h®v cmXn 10 aWn°v aPn-kvtS‰v ]m∏n-bpsS samgn hmßp-I-
bp-≠m-bn. CXpw ]m∏nsb ssItb‰w sNbvXXv cmXn 8 aWn°pw 9
aWn°pw CS-bnem-sW-∂p≈ ]Xn-I-fpsS hmZ-Øns‚ I≈-Øcw
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. IqSmsX hmZn-`mKw 28-˛mw km£n hn[-h-bmb
sXmΩn A°bpw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw 9 hb-
140 B\-∏m∏n
p≈ _men-I-bmb A°bpw a‰p km£n-Ifpw kw`hw k‘y-a-b-
°-Øn\p apºm-sW∂v kXyw sNbvXp samgn ]d-bp-∂p. Cßs\
Jfin-X-amb ]kvXm-h-\-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ sXcphp km£n-Ifpw
]q¿∆m-]-c-hn-cp-≤-ambn samgn-\¬In-b-h-cp-amb ]Xn- mKw 2, 4, 5 F∂o
km£n-Isf hniz-kn-°m≥ bmsXmcp am¿§hpw ImWp-∂n-√.
am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS apdn-bn¬h-®p≈ ]m∏-®-
s‚bpw I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kn-s‚bpw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\, Ipa-c-IØp
\n∂p-ap≈ h≈w h∂Xpw kwi-b-P-\-I-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ saXm-
t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Ipa-c-I-tØ-°p≈ \n¿§-a-\hpw s]mXp-hmb Hcp
]h¿Ø-\sØ Dt±-in-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. I´-∏p-dØp `h-\-Øn¬
sshIp-t∂cw \mep -a-Wn°v Ipdp-hSn G¥n-s°m-≠p≈ ]Xn-I-fpsS
Iq´p-Iq-S-epw, ]m∏n°v Nmb-°-S-bn¬ \n∂p Nmb sImSp-Øp-t]m-I-cp-
sX-∂p≈ H∂p- ap-X¬ aq∂p -hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS imk-\bpw Hcp el-
f-bv°p≈ Bcw- -am-sW∂ Nmb-°S DS-a-bpsS ap∂-dn-bn∏pw Hcp elf
D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ s]mXp-hmb Dt±-iy-Øns‚ \mµn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. H∂p- ap-X¬ aq∂p-hsc ]XnIƒ Xß-fpsS Ipdp-h-
Sn-Iƒ aW-en¬ Ipgn-®n-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, H∂mw-]Xn ]Sn-™m-dp-h-i-
Øp≈ Hcmsf BwKyw Im´nbXpw, kw`-h-cw-K-tØ-°p≈ ]m∏-®-
s‚bpw, a‰p ]Xn-I-fp-sSbpw, A\y-∑m-cp-sSbpw s]mSp-∂-\-sh-bp≈
]th-i-\hpw ta¬∏-d™ \nK-a-\-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-hm≥ klm-
bn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv. ""CXm-Ip∂p Bfv, ]nSn-b-hs\'' F∂p≈
]m∏-®s‚ Iq°n-hn-fnbpw ]m∏nsb ]l-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ Dt±iysØ
shfn-hm-°p-∂p. BI-aWw \S-Øn-b-h¿ F√m-h¿°pw ]m∏nsb
I≠m¬ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬
]m∏nsb amc-I-amb Bbp-[-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v ITn-\-amb ]lcw
\S-Ø-W-sa∂v F√m AI-an-Iƒ°pw Dt±iyw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw
Ah¿ aW¬Øn-´-bn-te°v t]mbXv s]mXp-hmb Xß-fpsS A`ojvSw
km[n-X-]m-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xpw Fs‚ a\-n¬
hy‡-ambn DZn-®p-h-cp∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Cu s]mXp Dt±iy-
km≤y-Øn-\mWv H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ ]m∏nsb ]l-cn-°m≥ Bcw-
`n-®Xpw XpS¿∂v a‰p ]Xn-Ifpw A\y-∑mcpw ]m∏nsb a¿±n-®Xpw
F∂p-≈Xpw hy‡-am-Wv. ]m∏n-bpsS Xe-bv°p≈ ]lcw \nanØw
]ns‰-Zn-hkw ]m∏n acn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬
]m∏nsb Hcp t]∏-´n-sb-t∏mse X√n-®-X-bv°-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.
Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Fs‚ A`n-]mbw ]m∏nsb AXn-Zm-cp-W-
ambhn[w a¿Zn® ]Xn-I-fpsS Dt±iyw Abmsf hI-h-cp-Ø-W-sa-
141B\-∏m∏n
∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂m-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ in£m-\n-b-
a-Ønse 104-˛Dw 301-˛Dw A\p-tO-Z-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v ]Xn-Iƒ Hmtcm-cp-
Ø-tcbpw Poh-]-cy¥w XS-hn\p in£n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. Cu ]cn-Xx-
ÿn-Xn-bn¬ AI-am-k-‡-amb el-f-bp-≠m-°n-b-Xn\p ]Xn-Iƒ°v
Rm≥ ]tXy-I-ambn thsd in£ \¬Ip-∂n-√.
]kvXpX PUvPvsa‚ v tIm´bw skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn¬ PUvPn-
bm-bn-cp∂ sI. i¶-c-∏n≈ Ah¿Iƒ sIm√-h¿jw 1088˛m-am≠v I∂n-
amkw 26-˛mw XobXn ]Jym-]n-®p.
]Xn-Iƒ
1. Iam-ep-Zo≥ 2. HmXn-°≥ aI≥ Ip™n-ap-l-ΩZv 3. Nnd-bn¬
A≥ 4. ]≈n-hm-Xp-°¬ Ip™nt°m 5. If-Øn¬ Ipacn, 6. ]me-
∏-d-ºn¬ Ip™o-kvam≥, 7. ssX∏-d-ºn¬ aØ-s\∂ Ip©n, 8. ssX∏-
d-ºn¬ Ipcp-hnf, 9. If-Øn¬ DØ≥, 10. skan-\m-cn-∏-d-ºn¬ sIm®p-
Ip-´≥, 11. \m´Iw sNdn-bm≥. ]nSnIn´m-Ø-h¿ thtd Bdp t]¿.
Sn ]Xn-t\gp ]Xn-Isf H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬
\n∂p skj≥kp tImS-Xn-bn-te°p Ian‰p sNbvXp. tIm´bw skj-
≥kv tIm¿´n¬ 1087-˛¬ skj≥ tIkp \º¿ 29 Bbn sIme-t°kv
hnkvX-cn-°-s∏-´p. k¿°m-cm-bn-cp∂p hmZn. skj≥kv PUvPn sI.
i¶-c-∏n≈ k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂pw s]≥j≥ ]‰n-b-tijw Ccp-]-Øn-
\m-em-bncw Imb-en¬ Bbn-c-∏d \nehpw F^v. tªm°p Imb-en¬
(D-t±iw Bdm-bn-c-∏-d) ]Ip-Xn-tbm-fhpw IpØn-sb-SpØv Irjnbn-ep≈
Xs‚ Xm¬]cyw ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]gp-°m-\n-e-Øn\p kao-
]-ap≈ Cu Imb¬ \ne-Øn\v C∂pw ""PUvPn Bdm-bncw'' F∂mWv
I¿j-I¿ hnfn®p hcp-∂-Xv.
hmZn mK-tØ°v k¿°m¿ h°o¬ tImgn-a-Æn¬ tXmakv h¿Kokv
At±-lsØ klm-bn-°m-\mbn A∂v tIm´bw _mdn¬ ]mIvSokv
sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ sslt°m-S-Xn-bnse
Hcp PUvPn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-amb kmlnXy ]©m-\-\≥ ]n. sI. \mcm-b-
W-]n-≈bpw 1 apX¬ 6 hsc ]Xn-Iƒ°p-th≠n h°o-¬ F¬. sI.
cma-kzman Aøcpw, Cu kp_-“-Wy-ø¿ (C-t±-lw, ]n∂oSv Xncp-h-\-
¥-]pcw tem tIm-f-Pn¬ ]n≥kn-∏-fmbn dn´b¿ sNbvXp) 7 apX¬ 11
hsc ]Xn-Iƒ°p-th≠n ssIX-bn¬ sI. sP. Ipcy\pw (Ip-™≥-
_mhm h°o¬ F∂p hnfn®ph∂p) lmP-cm-Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. B
tIkn¬ h -t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, am¿ Iqdn-
temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, m. ]n. Sn. Koh-dp-Kokv (]n-∂oSv am¿ Cuhm-
143B\-∏m∏n
VII
B\-∏m∏n Bim≥ kvamcIw
tP-°_v tXma-kv, \Sp-hn-te-°-c, B¿∏p-°c
""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn¬ Xncp-h√m ]tZ-iØv ]kn-≤-
\m-bn-cp-∂, s]cn-ß-c- I-c-bn¬ B‰p-]p-dØv ]m∏n Bim≥ (h¿°n
hdp-Ko-kv) 1087 ao\w 18-˛\v tIm´bw ]gbskan-\mcn aW-∏p-d-Øp-
h®p h[n-°-s∏-´p. A∂p-ap-X¬ Ct∂-tbmfw B IY Fgp-Xnbpw
]d™pw [mcmfw tI´n-´p-≠v. X¬kw-_-‘-amb tIkv _p°nse
hnh-c-߃ amXw B kw`-h-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w Xcp-∂p-an-√.
\kmWn hymk≥ CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v B IY \kmWn 4˛mw
hmey-Øn¬ lrZ-b-kv]r-°mbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Fs‚ Bcm-[y-]pcp-
j-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmb alm-\mb sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS ktlm-Z-
c-]p-X≥ sI. C. amΩ≥ N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂p ""Fs‚
A∏-®-\mWv B\-∏m-∏n-t®-´s\'' tIm´-b-tØ-bv°-b-®-Xv F∂v. At±-
l-Øns‚ tPyjvT≥ sI. C. sNdn-bm\pw Cu teJ-I-t\mSv B hnhcw
]d-™n-´p-≠v. ""B\-∏m∏n ]pcmWw'' H. Fw. amXyp BZyw Fgp-Xn-
bXv ]q¿Æ-a√ F∂v amΩ-t\bpw amXyp-hn-t\bpw IØp -aqew Adn-
bn-®p. Cu tIkn¬ km£n-bmbn hnkvX-cn-°-s∏´ 9 hb-p≈
A°bpw Cu teJ-I\pw tPyjvTm\pP-∑m-cpsS ]pXo-k-¥m-\-ß-
fmWv. A°-bpsS amXm-a-l≥ hmI-Øm-\Øv Im´n¬ HmWm´v Ipcy≥
]p∂qkv ]tXy-I-ambn At]-£n®p A°sb IΩo-j≥ h®v hnkvX-
cn-®-Xm-bn-´v Adn-bmw. Cu A°-bpsS samgn tIknse \ymbm-[n-]≥
G‰-hp-a-[nIw hne-a-Xn®p F∂Xv Cu teJ-I\pw A¬]w A`n-am\w
Xcp-∂p-≠v. Fs‚ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Fs‚ amXmhv B sIme-]m-X-I-
°Y k¶-S-tØmsS ]e-h´w hnh-cn-®p- tI- n- p-≠v. k`m- m-kp-c≥ samgn-
sIm-SpØt∏mƒ Ic™ hnh-chpw F√mw AXn¬s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn C∂pw
Hm¿°p-∂p. ]m∏n Bim-s\ AX s]s´∂v hogvØp-hm≥ ]‰n√m F∂v
FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ°v ]q¿Æ -t_m-≤y-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bim≥ sshIp-t∂cw
tZlØv FÆ-bpw-tX®v Ipfn-°m≥ B‰n-tebv°p hcpw. Ip™m-Ωn-
bpsS IS-bn¬ \n∂v ]p´pw ]ghpw Nmbbpw Ign-°pw. kw`-h-Zn-h-
khpw Aßs\ h∂-t∏m-gmWv ]e Znh-ksØ Btem-N-\-bpsS e-
ambn FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ Bkq-XWw sNbvXXpw `ocpXzw \nd-™Xpw
NXn-hn-t‚Xpw Bb \n\-®n-cn-°mØ t\c-Øp-≈-Xp-amb BI-a-W-
ap-≠m-b-Xv. Bim≥ `ocp-h-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v X’-abw \ncm-bp-[-\m-
144 B\-∏m∏n
bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ \ne-sIm-≠v Adn-bmw. At±lw Hcp ap®m¨-
hSntbm ]n®m-Øntbm Im´n Bscbpw `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbpw
Xs‚ tIm´bw skan-\mcn Imh¬°-Y-I-fn¬ Bcpw ]d-™p-tI-´n-
´n√. i‡-amb `mj-bn¬ FXn-cm-fn-Isf Xm°oXp sNbvXn-´p-≠v,
AX -X-s∂.
s]mSp-∂-t\-bp≈ BI-aW-Øn¬ tXm¿Øp-ap≠v £W-Øn¬
]ncn®v ]pd-tIm´v Nph-Sp-h®v Xs‚ -t\-sc-h∂ ASn-Isf A¬]-k-
abw XSp-Øp- \n-∂p. tXm¿Øv C©-\m-cmbn amdn. CXn-\Iw Iq´m-fn-
Iƒ HmSnc£-s∏- p. ]Xn-bn-cp∂ AI-an-Iƒ ]e hi-Øp-\n∂pw Ipdp-
h-Sn, De-°, hSn-hmƒ Ch-bp-ambn Xs‚-t\sc ASp-Øp. At∏mgpw
shdpw-ssI- sIm≠v ASn-Iƒ X´n Xm≥ Nph-Sp-h®v skan-\m-cnsb
e£y-am°n \oßn. _en-jvT-amb B ssIIƒ Xf¿∂p. Xm≥ Hcp
sXßn≥Ip-‰n-bn¬ X´n hoWp. At∏mƒ Xs‚ he-Xp-Im-ens‚ IpXn-
bn¬ hSn-hmƒ ]tbmKw \S-∂p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv Poh-c-£-bv°m-
bp≈ Hm´hpw ""sIm√pt∂'' F∂ A´-lm-k-hpw. \oXn-am-\mb
PUvPnbpw thZ\ kv^pcn-°p∂hn[w ""t]∏-´nsb sIm√pw-hn[w''
F∂p hn[n-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb B Iqc-amb Xe-bv°-Sn-Ifpw \S-∂-Xv.
hoc-knwlw k`m- m-kp-c≥ Adp-k-¶-S-Øm¬ ]Xn-t\-gn¬∏cw a√-∑m¿
IqSn NXn-hn¬ Adp-sIm-e -sNbvX B \kmWn A`n-a-\yp-hns\
ImWp-hm≥ apdn- hn-´n-d-ßn-bn-√. ""Fs‚ hmey-°m-cs\ sIm∂p'' F∂v
CS-dnb IWvT-Øn¬ \n∂v ]X-dn-hoW samgn-Ifpw \nd-s™m-gp-Inb
angn-Ifpw B `rXy-h[w Xs∂ FX thZ-\n-∏n®p F∂p \mw C∂v
a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ B tIkv hnkvXm-c-tcJ ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. ""Ip¿-
∫m-\-bnse I¿Ωw Umam Ifn®p ImWn-∏m-\-√, samgn \¬Ip-hm-
\mWv h∂-Xv. F\n-°n-t∏mƒ a\-n√'' F∂o-hn[w Xpd-∂-Sn®p samgn
]d™ hoc-knwlw B\-∏m-∏n-t°-kn¬ \ymbm-[n-]s\ kzm[o-\n-
°p-hm≥ apX-e-°-Æo¿ s]mgn®p F∂v hnNm-cn-°p-hm-\m-hn-√. B bpK-
]-`m-h-\n¬ Aßs\ Hcp ktµlw iXp-°ƒ°pw D≠m-Ip-sa∂v
tXm∂p-∂p-an-√.
Cu ]pcmW ]mcm-b-Ww-sIm≠v \mw InkvXo-b-[¿Ωw, euIn-I-
[¿Ωw F∂o c≠v Imcy-߃ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂n-√ F¶n¬ F¥v ]tbm-
P\w? C∂v \mw ]pWym-flm-hmbn ]pI-gvØp∂ k`m-`m-kp-cs‚ Poh-
c-£bv°pw skan-\m-cn-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn-\p-ambn h∂-h-cpsS \mb-
I-\mbn \n¬°sh iXp-°-fpsS BI-a-W-Øn¬ c‡-km-£nXzw
hcn-®Xv ]m∏n Bim≥ amX-am-Wv. k`m-`m-kp-cs\ kvt\ln-°p-∂-
h¿°v ]m∏n Bim≥ hnkvar-X-\mIpI F∂Xv sshcp-≤y-am-Wv.
145B\-∏m∏n
Bims\ \mw kvacn-°pI Xs∂ thWw. At∏mgmWv k`m-`m-kp-
cs‚ Bflmhv kt¥m-jn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p Nne Ffnb \n¿t±-i-
߃ Xmsg Ipdn-°p-∂p.
1. ]m∏n Bims\ FhnsS AS°n F∂v Adn-b-Ww. C∂Xv
tIm´bw ]tZ-iØv Adn-bm-hp∂ ][m\ hy‡n A∂v (1087-˛¬) 25
hb-tmfw ]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]mtd´v amXyqkv siΩm-i-\m-Wv (A`n-
hµy ]mtd´v amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n). B Ipgn-am-S-
Øn¬ icn-bmb I_¿ sI´n®v Nc-a-hn-hcw AS-ßnb inem-^-eIw
ÿm]n-°p-I. C∂v B‘-bnse Zpcn-Xm-izmk ]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X-\mb
A`n-h-µy \ncWw saXm-t∏m-eoØm Cu Imcyw \n¿∆-ln-°-Ww.
ImcWw ]m∏n Bim≥ \ncWw CS-h-Ibv°pw \kmWn P\-X-bv°pw
B‘m-°m-tc-°mƒ hne-s∏´ klZm F∂-Xp- X-s∂. At±lw ao\w
18-˛\v ASn-tb‰v 19-˛\v acn-®p. ih-kw-kvImcw 20-˛mw XobXn \S-∂p-
ImWpw. bp‡-amb Znhkw B ]≈n-°m¿ Hm¿Ω \S-Ø-Ww.
2. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ ao\w 18-˛mw XobXn F√m k`m-`m-kpc
Zn\-ß-fnepw Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\bpw [q]-]m¿∞-\bpw \S-Ø-Ww.
3. k`m-`m-kpc ap\o-µs‚ I_-dn-S-Øns‚ sXs° ap‰Øv ""Fs‚
hmey-°m-c≥'' F∂v B s]m∂p-Xn-cp-ta\n I¬]n® ]m∏n Bim\v
Hcp kvamc-I-ine ÿm]n-°-Ww.
4. \ΩpsS skan-\m-cn, kt≠-kvIqƒ ]co-£m-hn-P-bn-Iƒ°v ""B\-
∏m∏n Bim≥'' kΩm\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I. CX-bp-am-bm¬ B km[p-
hn-t\mSv \mw InkvXo-b-ambpw euIn-I-ambpw [¿Ωw \nd-th‰n F∂v
A¬]-sa-¶nepw kam-[m-\-s∏-Smw. C°-gn™ k`m-`m-kp-c-Zn-\-Øn¬
Cu teJ-I≥ B Ip¿_m-\bv°v At]-£n®p \S-Øn-®p. F√m ao\w
18-˛epw k`m-`m-kpc kvac-W-Zn-\-ß-fnepw AXv ÿnc-ambn \S-Øp-
hm≥ Ip¿∫m\ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-hm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ At]-
£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
(1979 am¿®v 29-˛se N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv)
(h- -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Nc-a- I-\-I-Pq-_n-en-bm-tLmjw kw_-
‘n® Btem-N-\m-tbmKw skan-\m-cn-bpsS ][m\ Ihm-S-Øn\p ""B\-
∏m∏n tK‰v'' F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNø-W-sa∂p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-∂p.
tP°_v tXma-kmWv Cu \n¿t±iw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tbmK-Øn¬
A∂sØ ]n≥kn-∏¬ tUm. ]ueqkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv A≤y-
£-\m-bn-cp-∂p.)
146 B\-∏m∏n
VIII
kvamcIw tIm´-bØp thWw
F. sI. tPmk- v-(-k`m amt\-PnwKv Iىn AwKw)
ae-¶ck`-bpsS Xd-hmSmb ]gbskan\m-cn-bp-sSbpw ae-¶c
saXm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp∂ ]. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw kwc-
£-W-Øn-\mbn \ne-sIm≠v c‡-km-£nXz acWw hcn® B\-∏m∏n
F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Xncp-h-√- s]cn-ßc B‰p-]p-dØv h¿°n h¿Ko-kn\v
]gbsk-an-\mcn hf-∏n¬ DNn-X-amb kvamcIw \n¿Ωn-°-Ww.
]gbskan-\mcn ]cn-k-cØv \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kwL¿j-`-cn-X-amb
ka-b-ß-fn¬ ]pXp-∏≈n, hmI-Øm-\w, Ipdn-®n, a√-∏-≈n, sNß-∂q¿,
B\n-°m-Sv, amth-en-°-c, \ncWw, Xncp-h√ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬
\n∂p≈ k∂≤ S-∑m¿ skan-\m-cn-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn®p h∂n-cp-∂p. Cßs\ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Xma-
kn-®n-cp-∂-h¿°v t\XrXzw \¬In-b-h-cn¬ ]ap-J¿ B\-∏m∏n F∂
h¿°n h¿Kokv, Xncp-hm-¶m-h≥ sIm®q™v, Imcmbva sIm®n´n F∂n-
h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.
AXn-i-‡-∑mcpw a√-∑mcpw Bbn-cp∂ Ch-cn¬ G‰hpw ]ap-J≥
B\-∏m∏n Bbn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv KXm-K-X-am¿§w h©-nbmX
Bbncp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]pd-In¬ ao\-®n-em-dns‚ XocØv h©n
ASp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ib‰v Cd°v \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ]tXyIw IShv
Iao-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. B‰n¬ IqSn hcp∂ AI-an-Isf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn
ao\-®n-em-dns‚ XocØv k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fm-b-h¿ Iymºv sNøpI ]Xn-
hm-bn-cp-∂p.
skan-\mcn kwc-£-W-tØm-sSm∏w B\-∏m-∏n°v ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-
cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS AwK-c-£-Is‚ Npa-Xe IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B\-
∏m∏n Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-
\n-bpsS ASpØv sN√p-∂-Xn\v km[n-°n-√m-sb∂v iXp-]-£-Øn\v
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu t_m[y-Øn¬ \n∂mWv B\-∏m-∏nsb h[n-
°pI F∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ FØn-t®¿∂Xv.
1087-˛-m-am≠v ao\-amkw 18-˛mw Xob-Xn-bmWv ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn hf-
∏n¬ ao\-®n-em-dns‚ XocØp h®v B\-∏m∏n F∂ k`m-kvt\-ln-
sb AI-an-Iƒ h[n-°p-hm≥ ian-°p-∂-Xv. sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-
147B\-∏m∏n
tbmSp IqSn skan-\-mcn-bn¬ ]m¿∞\ \S-°p∂ kabw F√m-hcpw
]m¿∞-\-bv°mbn Nm∏-en¬ \n¬°p-∂p. ao\-®n-em-‰n-eqsS hcm≥
km[y-X-bp≈ iXp-°sf ho£n-®p-sIm≠v GI-\mbn \n∂ B\-
∏m-∏nsb Hcp kwLw hSn, De-°, hSn-hmƒ apX-emb Bbp-[-߃
D]-tbm-Kn®v ASn®pw CSn®pw IpØnbpw hogvØn. H‰bvt°m sNdnb
Iq´w Bfp-Iƒt°m Iog-S-°m≥ km[n-°mØ hn[-Øn-ep≈ Btcm-
Ky-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p B\-∏m-∏n. AXp-sIm-≠mWv 18 Hmfw BfpIƒ
tN¿∂v BI-an-®-Xv. BZyw i‡ambn FXn¿Øv \n¬°p-Ibpw
]n∂oSv HmSn-c-£-s∏-Sp-hm≥ ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvX B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS
IpXn-Im-en¬ hSn-hmƒ sIm≠v IpØn hogvØn-b-Xn\v tijw sh´n-
sIm-√p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
"tIm´bw sIme-t°kv' F∂-dn-b-s∏´ Cu tIkn¬ ]Xn-t\gv ]Xn-
Isf t]meokv AdÃv sNbvXp. 11 t]sc aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬
\n∂v skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn-te°v Ab-®p. Ch¿°v F√mw 1088 I∂n-
amkw 26˛mw XobXn Poh-]-cy¥w XShv in£ hn[n-®p. sslt°m-S-
Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n® Ch-cn¬ aq∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-I-fpsS in£
tImSXn ÿnco-I-cn-®p.
C∂sØ ImeØv Izt -j≥ kwLw F∂p hnfn-°m-hp∂ CØcw
AIan kwLsØ sIm≠v Cu IncmXIrXyw sNøn-®-h¿ Bsc∂
tNmZy-Øn\p≈ DØcw Imew sXfn-bn-®p.
Cu sIme-]m-X-I-Ønse ]Xn-Iƒs°m∂pw hy‡n-]-c-ambn B\-
∏m-∏n-tbmSv hntcm[w C√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-
bpsS AwK-c-£-I≥ As√-¶n¬ ]. k`-bpsS Bÿm\w Im°p-∂-
h≥ F∂ Ip‰-amWv At±lØn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ao\-®n-em-dns‚
XocsØ aÆn¬ ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bpsS ÿeØv Xs‚ c‡w
sNmcn™v acn® B\-∏m∏n k`-bpsS [occ‡-km£nbmWv.
ae-¶ck`-bpsS Bÿm-\-amb ]g-b-
sk-an-\m-cn-sbbpw ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
tbbpw kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Poh≥ XyPn®
B\-∏m-∏n-sb∂ h¿°n h¿Ko-kns\ kvacn-
°p∂ Hcp ^e-I-sa-¶nepw skan-\mcn hf-
∏n-tem At±lw A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈p∂
]pØ≥]≈n-bpsS skan-tØ-cn-bntem
ÿm]n-t°-≠Xv k`-bpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-
hmØ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.
148 B\-∏m∏n
aq∂mw `mKw
_m°n-]Xw
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m≥
k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ ]. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
149B\-∏m∏n
_m°n-]Xwlo\hpw arKo-b-hp-amb ""B\-∏m-∏n-°p-cpXn'' \S-∂n´v Ct∏mƒ
\qdn¬]cw h¿jw Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ao\-®n-em-dns‚ aW¬∏p-dØv
]m∏n-bpsS NpSp-c‡w hoWv Nph∂ aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ ]pg-bnse IpØn-
sbm-gp-°n¬ Ad-_n-°-S-ense AKm-[-X-bn¬ CXn-\Iw hnebw ]m]n-
®n-cn°pw. B aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ°v h¿j-tasd Ign-™n´pw A∂sØ
\Sp-ßp∂ Hm¿Ω hn´p-am-dn-bn-cn-°-bn-√. Ad-_n-°-S-en-s‚ \oen-a-bn¬
h√-t∏mgpw B aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap-´p-tºmƒ Ah
a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv sNbvX B sImSpw-Iq-c-X-sb-∏‰n Xs∂-bt√
au\-`m-j-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°mdv? I¬]m-¥-Im-e-tØmfw Ah B IZ\-
IY ]d-s™∂ncn°pw.
Ime-]p-cp-j≥ Ncn-X-Øns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ adn-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ Zhym-
K-l-Øn-s‚-bpw, A[n-Im-c-`-a-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xn-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw NXn-
bp-sSbpw Id-]p-c≠ hc-sam-gn-I-fn¬ B \b-\-߃ sN∂p- ap-´pw.
`mkp-c-amb h¿Æ-]-]-©-Øn¬ Icn- I-e-°n-b-Xn\p ZrIvkm-£n-bm-
th≠n h∂ Hcp X]-kzn-bpsS tX߬ B Xmfp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p
tIƒ°p-∂nt√? B Zim-k-‘n-bn¬ `mK-`m-°m-Ip-hm≥ hn[m-Xmhv
I¬]n®p \ntbm-Kn® a◊-b-∑msc \ap°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw. Ah-cpsS
Cu temI-\n-hm-k-Ønse tijn® \mfp-Iƒ Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v
\ap-s°m∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ ian-°mw.
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh
ae-¶ck`-bn¬ Xocm-\miw hnX® IYm-]m-X-ß-fn¬ ]ap-J≥
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Bcpw kΩ-
Xn°pw. ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v sNøm-hp∂ tZml-sa√mw sNbvXpw-sh®v ae-
bm-f-h¿jw 1087 I∂n-amkw 28˛mw XobXn i\n-bmgvN (1911 HIvtSm-
_¿ 14˛mw XobXn) \mep -a-Wn°v Bephm tÃj-\n¬ \n∂v Xoh-
≠n-am¿§w A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv kztZ-i-tØ°v bmX-bm-bn.
[\-k-ºm-Z\w amX-am-bn-cp∂p B alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ ae-¶c kµ¿-
i-\-Øns‚ ][m\ Dt±-iyw. B e£yw th≠-hn[w km[n-°m-sX-
bmWv At±lw Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. 1050-˛¬ h∂ ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-
°okv _mhm aS-ßp-tºmƒ sh≈n\mW-b-am-bn-Øs∂ 40000 cq]
sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¿Æ-hpw, sh≈nbpw sIm≠p≈ hfsc
A[nIw km[-\-ßfpw \mSp-I-S-Øn. At±lw t]mbn 35 h¿jw Ign-
™mWv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm aS-ßp-∂-Xv. 35 h¿jw
150 B\-∏m∏n
sIm≠v k`-bnse ]≈n-I-fp-sS-bpw, CS-h-I-°m-cp-sSbpw FÆw Cc-
´n-®n-cp-∂p. ]≈n-I-fp-sS-bpw, hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw kmº-ØnI\nebpw
CXn-\Iw hfsc Db¿∂n-cp-∂p. B \nebv°v hg°pw, høm-th-enbpw,
tIkpw, Iq´hpw H∂pw C√msX kam-[m-\-tØm-Spw, kt¥m-j-tØmSpw
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂p t]mbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Hcp
e£w cq]-sb-¶nepw A∂sØ ImeØv sIm≠p-t]m-Im-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]t£, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]-bn¬ IqSp-
X¬ tiJ-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. kz¿Æ Dcp-∏-Sn-Ifpw Imcy-ambn In´n-
bn-√. ]pXp-∏-ffn ]≈n-bnse henb kz¿Æ-°p-cn-ipw, B¿Øm‰v
]≈n°v t¢mUn-bkv _p°m-\≥ kΩm-\n® I\Ø kz¿Æ saUepw
a‰pw Ih¿∂p-sIm≠p t]mIp-hm≥ iaw \S-Øn-sb-¶nepw AsXm∂pw
hnP-bn-®n-√. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kv, KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-\m-
bn-cp∂ ImeØv ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS
IqsS ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂n-cp-∂p. ]tXmkv XrXo-b-\p-ambn ]nWßn
At±-l-Øns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ sN∂p-s]-SmsX Hgn-™p-amdn ae-¶-c-bnse
]≈n-I-fn¬ Np‰n-°-dßn ]Ww ]ncn®p aS-ßp-tºmƒ 15000 cq]
sIm≠pt]mbn-cp-∂p. AX-t]mepw ]mXn-b¿°o-kmbn h∂p aS-ßp-
tºmƒ e`n-®n-√.
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv aS-°-bm-X-bn¬ Ipsd-°mew CuPn-
]vXn¬ Xma-kn-®p. Ahn-sS-\n∂p sbdp-i-te-an-te°p t]mbn. AhnsS
kz¥w hoSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS Xma-kn®phcp-tºmƒ IÆn-\pw,
sNhn°pw AkpJw ]nSn®v Xo¿Øpw Ah-i-\m-bn. `cWw \S-Øp-
hm≥ A]m-]vX-\mbn hn-®-t∏mƒ k`m- -c-W-Øn\v aqk-ense AØm-
\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t\-bpw, Hcp Cuhm-\n-tbmkv saXm-t\bpw, aPn-
enkp \nb-an-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ `cWw \S-Øn-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.
A_vtZZv a-inlm ]mXn-b¿°okp _mh 1914 Pqembv 29-˛mw XobXn
Ip¿°pam Zb-dm-bn¬ \n∂p Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkn\v Ab®
Hcp IØn¬ hfsc ZpxJ-I-c-amb Hcp hm¿Ø Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠m-bn-
cp∂p: ""X¬°m-e-tØ°p amXw ]mXn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ kZ-Zp-Im-
c≥ A_vZp≈m I≠mepw \n߃ Adn-™n-cn-°p∂]Imcw Atijw
ImgvN-bn-√msX Du¿t«-an¬ hnip≤ am¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ccn-
°p∂p.''
A‘-\mbn am¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ign™phcsh ae-¶c
k`sb Xmdp-am-dm-°n-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Øm]w B ioa- _mh A\p-`-
hn-®n-cn-°ptam? h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb AIm-c-W-ambn apS°n B
alm-flm-hns\ ZpxJn-∏n-®-Xns‚ a\-m-£n-°pØv B alm-]p-tcm-ln-
X\v D≠m-bn-°m-Wptam?
151B\-∏m∏n
h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°nb I¬]-\-bn¬ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-
b¿°okv _mhm Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cp∂ Hcp Imcyw ""ssI hn-d-b¬ D≈-
Xp-sIm-≠v ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤ k`-bn¬ Hcp ta¬]-´-°m-c-\m-bn-cn-
°m≥ \n߃ tbmKy-\√'' F∂m-Wv. apS°p I¬]\ Cßs\ XpS-
cp-∂p. ""amX-a√ ]´-Xz-Øn-\p-t]mepw \n߃ tbmKy-\-√. D∂-X-amb
ta¬]-´-ÿm-\Øp \n∂p Rm≥ \nßsf apS-°p-I-bpw, X≈p-I-bpw,
Dcn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu I¬]\ In´p∂ \mgnI apX¬
ta¬]- -°m-c-t\m, IØ-\mtcm Bbn-cn-∏m\pw B ÿm\-߃°-SpØ
bmsXmcp ]hr-Ønbpw sNøm\pw \n߃°v A[n-Im-chpw, A\p-
hm-Z-hp-an-√. \n߃ ta¬]-´-°m-c-t\m, IØ-\mtcm A√. ta¬∏-´-°m-
cp-tS-bpw, IØ-\m-c-∑m-cp-tSbpw Iq´-Øn¬ \n∂v Rm≥ \nßsf X≈n-
bn-cn-°p∂p.'' Cßs\ t]mIp∂p Ip]-kn-≤-amb B apS°p I¬]-
\-bnse im]-]-Zm-h-en-Iƒ!
ssIhn-d-b¬ sIm≠v ta¬]-´-ÿm\w t]mIp-sa-¶n¬ c≠p IÆpw
ImWmsX a¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ccn-∏mb A_vZp≈m ]mXn-
b¿°o-kns‚ ]´-Xz-Øn\v F¥p kw`-hn®p ImWpw F∂v kwi-bn-
°p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. ""\o Af-°p∂ Af-hn¬ \n\°v Af∂p In´pw''
F∂ hmIyw At±-l-Øn\v icn°pw ^en-®p.
A_v-Zp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv 1915 \hw-_¿ 25-˛\v A¥-cn-®p. sbdp-
i-te-anse hnip≤ a¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ I_-d-S-°n. ]mXn-b¿-
°okpam¿ Imew sNbvXm¬ I_-d-S°n h∂n-cp∂ Ip¿°pam Zb-dm-
bn¬ BdSn aÆv At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®n-√. ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂p aSßn
At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ aln-a-tb-dnb knwlm-k-\-Øn¬
ho≠pw Ccn-°m\pw ssZhw-X-ºp-cm≥ At±-lsØ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√.
AtXkabw A_vtZZv ainlm ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v Ah-
km\ImeØv knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp∂v `cn-°m-\pw, Ip¿°pam Zb-
dm-bn¬ Xs‚ ap≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-
kns\ I_-d-S-°nb CS-Øp-Xs∂ A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈m\pw ssZhw
kwK-Xn-bm-°n.
152 B\-∏m∏n
h -t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS BI-a-WsØ XSp-°p-
hm≥ ssZhw \ntbm-Kn-®Xv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
[oc\pw, _p≤n-am-\pw, Akm-am\y Ign-hp-I-fpsS tIZm-chpw ]Xn-`m-
im-en-bp-am-bn-cp∂p h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv. ae-
¶c k`m-N-cnXw BsI X∏n-bm¬ At±-l-Øn\p ka-\mbn H∂mw
am¿tØmΩm amXta ImWp-I-bp≈p. tdmam \pIsØ Iq\≥Ip-cnip
kXyw hgn hen-s®-dn™ B [oc-]p-cp-j≥ t]m¿´p-Kokv ]S-bm-fn-I-
fpsS IÆp-sh-´n®v Poh≥ ]W-b-s∏-SpØn Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Isf
kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n®p\n¿Øm≥ ae-¶-c- H- p°v HmSn-\-S-∂p. h -
t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw kz¥w Poh≥ ]W-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv k`-bpsS
kzmX¥yw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-hm≥ PmK-cq-I-\mbn h¿Øn-®-Xv. H∂mw
am¿tØm-Ωm-sb-t∏mse ac-WsØ apJm-apJw I≠v acWw hgp-Xn-
t∏m∂ kµ¿ -ßfpw D≠m-bn- p-≠v. AsX√mw Fgp-XnØo¿°m≥ iX-
°-W-°n\v t]Pp-Iƒ Xs∂ th≠n- h-cpw.
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw, saXm-∑m-
cn¬ \n∂pw, saXm≥ ÿm\m¿∞n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p
ae-¶ck`-ta¬ euInI ]c-am-[n-Imcw Ds≠∂p kΩ-Xn-°p∂ DS-
º-SnIƒ hmßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n B \S-]-
Snsb FXn¿Øp. ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-¥yw ASn-bd shbv°p∂
DS-ºSn sImSp-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ Hcp-°-a-s√∂v At±lw Xpd∂p ]d-™p.
DS-ºSn X∂n-s√-¶n¬ apS-°p-sa∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn.
""apS-°n-bm¬ AXv Hcp kz¿Æ-ame t]mse [cn°pw'' F∂v h´-t»-
cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Xncn-®-Sn-®p.
apS-°p-sIm≠v k`bv°v samØ-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ \miw ap≥Iq´n
Adn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Bfm-bn-cp-∂n√ a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta-\n. apS°v Hgn-
hm-°p-hm≥ Xncp-ta\n ]c-am-h[n ian-®p. Zhym-K-ln-bmb ]mXn-
b¿°o-kn\v ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kº-Øn-t∑¬ Bbn-cp∂p IÆv. P\-
߃ IjvS-s∏-Sp∂tXm, Ah¿ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏´v k`- hn´p t]mIp-
∂-tXm, ae-¶ck` \in-°p-∂tXm At±-l-Øn\v ]iv\-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
26 sIm√w cn® h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v hfsc sIm√-߃ tImS-
Xn-bpw, tIkp-sI-´p-ambn Ign-tb≠n h∂p. ""hyh-lmcw Hgn-™n-cn-
°p-∂Xv ]pcp-j\v am\w'' F∂ thZ-hm-Iy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ Adn-bmØ
Bf√ Xncp-ta-\n. hyh-lmcw At±-l-Øns‚ ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. k`bpw, kap-Zm-bhpw Nne `mcn® Npa-X-e-Iƒ ae-¶c
153B\-∏m∏n
saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb G¬]n-®n-cp-∂p. tIkv
t]Sn®v AXn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-am-dp-∂Xv a\p-jy-cpsS apºmsIbpw ssZh-
Øns‚ Xncp-ap-ºm-sIbpw IrXy-hn-tem-]-ambn IW-°m-°p-at√m F∂-
Xns‚ t]cn¬ At±lw tIkp-Ifn¬ hmZn-bmbpw, ]Xn-bmbpw Dƒs∏-
´p-t]m-hp-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. A√msX kz¥w am\-߃ \ne-\n¿Øm≥
tIkn\v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®-X-√.
tIkv k`bv°v ISpØ tZmjw sNbvXp-sh∂v Hm¿Øv At±lw
ZpxJn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ k`bv°p h∂ \miw
Hm¿Øv Xncp-ta\n s\Sp-ho¿∏n´p Ic-bpw. At±-l-Øns‚ A∂sØ
k¥-X- k-l-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv (]n-∂oSv _Y-
\n-bpsS am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) Fgp-Xnb "Kncn-Zo-]'-Øn¬ ""saXm-t∏m-
eo-Øm-bpsS Aip-[mc'' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ GXm\pw t]Pp-Iƒ
Xs∂ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv k` ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v
]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°v IpXn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \nc-h[n ]≈n-Iƒ B Ime-
L-´-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. Ccp-\q-‰ºtXmfw kvIqfp-Iƒ k`-bn¬
DS-\ofw XpS-ßn. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n Ah-bvs°√mw k¿°m-
cn¬ \n∂pw Km‚ v hmßn-bn-cp-∂p. h´n-∏-W-t°kv XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS
k -bpsS ]ptcm-KXn \ne-®p. ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta\n IjvS-s∏´v XpS-
ßnb kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ]eXpw \n¿Ø-em-°p-Ibpw Nne-sX√mw Kh-
s◊‚n-te°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIm®n cmPyØv Hcp \q‰m-
≠n\v apºp-Xs∂ Ip∂w-Ip-fØv am¿ Ct·-jykv sslkvIqƒ
\SØn h∂n-cp-∂p. A∂v sIm®n-cm-PyØv BsI \mtem At©m
sslkvIq-fp-Itf D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. k` c≠p I£n-bmbn ]ncn™v
tIkv XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ am¿ Ct·-jykv sslkvIqƒ \S-Øm≥ hnj-
a-am-bn. HSp-hn¬ Kh-s◊‚n-te°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. \√ \ne-bn¬ ]kn-
≤o-I-cn®p h∂n-cp∂ CS-h-I-∏-Xn-I-bpsS ]kn-≤o-I-cWw \n¿Øn.
]e ]≈n-Ifpw I£n-h-g-°p- aqew AS-®p-]q´n C´v tNm¿∂v Hen®v
\in-®p. k`-bpsS kzØp-°ƒ ]eXpw A\ym-[o-\-Øn-em-bn. ]≈n-
hI ImW- q-an-Iƒ hg-°p-aqew P∑n-tbmSv ]pXp-°n-®m¿Øn hmßmsX
]eXpw \jvS-s∏-´p. CXn-s\√mw aqe-Im-cWw A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿-
°o-kns‚ ae-¶-c-k`mhncp≤ ]hr-Øn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]c-tZ-in-bmb
]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS a°ƒ ChnsS InS∂v XΩn-e-Sn®v
\in-°p-∂-Xn¬ H∂pw \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm≥ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]≈n ]Wn-
bmt\m, tIkv \S-Ømt\m ]Øv ss]k At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ \n∂v
Ctßm´v sIm≠p-h∂ NcnXw C√. t\scadn®v ae-¶-cbn¬ \n∂pw
154 B\-∏m∏n
At¥ym-Jy-bn-te-s°∂pw ]d™v ioa-_m-hm-am¿ IS-Øn-s°m-≠p-
t]mb kzØn\v ssIbpw IW-°p-an-√. ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v sIm≠p-
h∂ ]WwsIm≠v hmßn-b-sX∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ap¥n-cn-tØm´w hsc
Xp¿°n-cm-Py-Øp-≠v. Chn-sS-\n∂pw t]mbn- p-≈-h¿ AXp I≠n- p-ap≠v.
ioa-cm-PysØ Hcp At¥ym-Jy≥ ]≈n-bnepw ae-¶ck`sb]Xn
tIkpw, hg-°pw, ASn-]n-Sn-bpw, Bsf X√n-s°m-√epw Ct∂-hsc D≠m-
bn-´n-√. ""...- A-t¥ym-Jymsb ad-°n√'' F∂v B¿Øv A´-l-kn-®p-
sIm≠v ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS ]≈n-I-fn-emWv ASnbpw, tIkpw, _l-fhpw.
k`-bv°pw, kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw th≠n \√ Imcy-߃ ]eXpw
sNbvXpXo¿°m≥ Ignhpw, tijnbpw, _p≤nbpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ h´-
t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse \√ \mfp-Iƒ apS-°pw tIkpw-
sIm≠v \in-∏n-®p. ]eXpw sNøp-hm≥ IjvS-∏m-Sns‚ \mfp-I-fnepw
At±lw ian-°mXncp∂n-´n-√. Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIqƒ Hcp
C‚¿ao-Un-b‰v tImf-Pm°n Db¿Øp-hm≥ At±lw Bflm¿∞-ambn
ian-®p. ""am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv skan-\m-cnsb c≠mw-tKUv tImfPv
B°-W-sa∂v `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ Btem-Nn®p hcp-∂-Xmbn Adn-bp∂p''
F∂v CS-h-I-∏-Xn-I-bn¬ hm¿Ø h∂n-cp-∂p. ]t£, ]Xn-Iqe kml-
N-cy-ß-fm¬ AsXm∂pw ^e-]-Z-am-bn-√. CS-h-I-∏-Xn-I-bn¬ h∂
hm¿Ø Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v ""tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ CXn-\Iw H´-t\Iw tImf-
Pp-Iƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn´pw Fw.Un. skan-\m-cnsb Hcp tImf-Pm°n
Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v 55 h¿j-߃°v apºv \S∂ Btem-N\ CtX-hsc
^e-]m-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-bn-´n√'' F∂v 1957-˛¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® B¿®v
_nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ Poh-N-cnXw H∂mw hmeyw t]Pv
79-˛¬ KŸ-I¿Øm-hmb ^mZ¿ tXmakv C©-°-temSn kz¬]w ]cn-
lm-k-tØmsS Fgp-Xp-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. Ahn-sS-\n∂v Ggp- h¿jw
Ign™v 1964- ¬ BWt√m ]n∂oSv Fw.Un. skan-\mcn tImºu-≠n¬
_tk-en-tbmkv tImfPv Db¿∂-Xv.
1908 apX¬ 1934 hscbp≈ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS `c-W-Im-e-
L´w h√mØ Zp¿LSw ]nSn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Xobn¬ IqSn \S-∂-Xpw,
Xo Xn∂p-am-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta\n Zn\-cm-X-߃ X≈n-\o-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
`mcn® tIkv sNehv \S-Øm≥ ssIbn¬ ]W-an-√msX Nne-cpsS
]°¬\n∂v t]man-kdn t\m v Fgp-Xn-s°m-SpØv ]Ww hmßn-b-Xmbn
Adn-bmw. Hgp-°n-s\-Xn-sc-bmWv Xncp-ta-\n°v \ot¥≠n h∂-Xv. Akm-
am\y a\x-i-‡n-bp-≈-h¿t° B hnj-a-L-´-Øn¬ Xf-cmsX ]nSn-®p-
\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. FÆn-bm¬ HSp-ßmØ ]Xn-k-‘n-
I-tfbpw ]Xn-_-‘-ß-tfbpw At±lw t\cn-´p. Iq´-Øn¬ \n∂n-cp-
155B\-∏m∏n
∂-h¿ Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Imep-hm-cm≥ ian-®p. _Y-\n-bp-tSbpw
am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-s‚bpw Iq -cp-sSbpw k - hn- p≈ t]m°v ISpØ
BLm-X-amWv At±-l-Øn\v hcp-Øn-b-Xv. Hcp klm-bn-bm-Ip-sa∂p
IcpXn t]m‰n-∏p-e¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h∂ _Y\n saXm≥ Ipe-tZm-ln-
bmbn amdn. hniz-kn®v G¬∏n® k`- hI kvIqfp-Ifpw sIm≠mWv
At±lw k`- hn´v tdmΩm ]mf-b-Øn-te°v t]mb-Xv. B IpXn-Im¬-
sh´pw, h©-\bpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n AXn-Po-hn-®p. sshX-c-Wn-
Iƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn hcp-tºmgpw AXn-s\-sb√mw adn-I-S-°m-\p≈
A]q¿∆ Ignhv At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
hoc-cm-Lh Aø-¶mcpsS hn[n-tbmsS XI¿∂v Xcn-∏-W-ambn F∂v
kI-ecpw Icp-Xnb kµ¿`-Øn¬ XnI®pw temehpw B›-cy-I-chpw,
Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-hp-amb dnhn-j≥ F∂ \q¬∏m-e-Øn¬ IqSn \S∂v
At±lw hnP-b-io-em-fn-X-\m-bn. Xncp-ta-\nsb tIkp-sIm≠v ap´p-
Ip-Øn-°p-hm≥ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ ]Tn-®-]Wn ]Xn-s\´pw t\m°n-bn´pw
kIe tIkpw HSp-hn¬ Nne-¥n-he IWs° X´n-am‰n At±lw hnP-
b-t`cn apg-°n. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS D∂-X-]-Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂v
Xncp-ta-\nsb X≈n-ho-gvØm≥ Ad_n _p≤n-am-∑m-cpw, \mS≥ _p≤n-
am-∑mcpw Iq´mbn ian-®n´pw AsXm∂pw hnP-bn-®n-√. HSp°w a√-∏≈n
Xncp-ta-\n-s°-Xn-cm-bn-´p-≈ kIe tIkpw s]mfn™v ]mfo-km-b-
t∏mƒ h´n-∏-W-Øns‚ ]en-i-sb-¶nepw At±lw hmßp-∂Xp XS™v
apJw c£n-°m≥ At¥ymJym ]Xn-\n[n F∂ t]cn¬ ChnsS Hcp
Ip´n∏mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\-t∏mse Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂ bqen-tbmkv
saXm≥ Hcp kkvs]≥j≥ tIkv Xncp-ta-\n-s°-Xnsc sImSp-Øp.
bqen-tbmkv saXm≥, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ bmsXmcp
Ah-Im-im-[n-Im-chpw ]tbm-Kn-®p-IqSm F∂pw a‰p-am-bn-cp∂p A\ym-
b-Ønse At]-£. ]mXn-b¿°okv t\cn´v apS-°n-bn´v ^en-°mØ
Imcy-Øn-\mWv injy≥ ]cn-i-an-®-Xv. Al-¶m-c-sat∂m [n°m-c-
sat∂m F¥mWv Cu ]hr-Ønsb hnfn-t°-≠-sX∂v Adn-bn-√.
CUv. Fw. ]mtd´ns‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ knwl-Øn-s\-Xnsc
Hcp Nps≠en aoi ]ncn®v sN∂p. IΩo-j≥ ]Sn sI´n-sh-bv°m≥
Ign-bmsX At\-I-X-hW \o´n-sh®v B tIkpw tImSXn X≈n.
Aßs\ Cfn-`y-\mbn B hntZin saXm≥ ae-¶ck`m -`m-kp-c-t\mSv
ASn-b-dhv ]d-™p. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS aln-a-tb-dnb
knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp∂v h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n `cWw \S-Øn. ae-
¶-c-k-`-bpsS ImtXm-en-t°-‰pw, k`m c-W-L-S-\bpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-
ta-\n-bpsS imiz-X-t\-´-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
156 B\-∏m∏n
bmsXmcp A√epw C√msX `mKy-hm-\mbn At±lw Ah-km-\-
Imew Nne-h-gn-®p. tcmKn-bmbn InS∂v IjvS-s∏-Sp-hm-t\m, a‰p hnj-a-
߃ A\p-`-hn-°mt\m ssZhw-X-ºp-cm≥ At±-l-Øn\v CS-h-cp-Øn-
bn-√. Fgp-]ØnBdmw hb-n¬ B I¿Ω-[o-c≥ ]h¿Ø\\nc-X-
\mbn Ign-bp-tºmƒ Xs∂ shdpw c≠p-Zn-h-ksØ AkpJw aqew
]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v 1934 s^_p-hcn 23-˛mw XobXn Imew
sNbvXp. ]gbskan-\m-cn- Nm∏-en¬ I_-d-S-°n.
""temImw-_-X≥ amdnse ame-bn¬ \n˛
∂pXn¿∂p hmcp-s‰m-c-aqey cXv\w
\oemw-_-c-Øn-¶-ep-Zn-®p-Xn¿∂
s]m≥Xm-cIw l¥! s]men-™p-t]mbn.''
tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬]m≥
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-Im-eØv ae-¶ck`m sshZn-
I-SÃn tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬∏m-\pw, Aflmb SÃn A°c
kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n \ho-I-c-W-
°m-cp-am-bp≈ hyh-lmcw Pbn®v AXp-ey-]- m-h-tØmsS am¿tØmΩm
«olm-bpsS ]uckvXy knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-
bmbn hmgp∂ ImeØv Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv adpØv ]d-bm-t\m, FXn¿Øv
kwkm-cn-°mt\m k`-bn¬ Bcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. k`-bv°p-th≠n
h√mØ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ A\p- -hn® Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv kI-e¿°pw _lp-
am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. sshZn-I-S-Ãn-°pw, Aflmb SÃn°pw ]pen-t°m-´n¬
Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn ]mbw-sIm≠v henb A¥-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hµy
htbm-[n-I-\mb ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb
kvt\ltØmSpw, _lp-am-\-tØm-Spw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS s]cp-
am-‰w. ta¬∏- -°m-tcmSpw, sshZn-I-tcm-Spw, k`mw-K-ß-tfmSpw ]pen-t°m-
´n¬ Xncp-ta\n hfsc \b-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw s]cp-am-dn. AXp-
sIm≠v B¿°pw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSv \ockw D≠m-bn√.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb henb Xncp-ta\n F∂mWv k¿∆cpw
_lp-am-\-]q¿∆w hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv. henb Xncp-ta\n F¥p -]-d-bpt∂m
AXn\v "tbkv' ]d-bp∂ ]Xn-hm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-
ImeØv k`-bn¬ \ne-hn¬ Ccp-∂-Xv. sshZn-I-S-Ãn-°pw, Aflmb
SÃn°pw D≠m-bn-cp∂ A[n-Imc Ah-Im-i-߃ Ah¿ ]tbm-Kn-®n-
cp-∂n-√. F√mw henb Xncp-ta-\n°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ k`-
bpsS N -°q- nse Ae-¶mc ]Zhn hln-°p∂ ÿm\n-I-fmbn Ign™p
h∂p.
157B\-∏m∏n
]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse _kvKmkm apdn-°v (\n-t£-]-apdn AYhm
JP\mhv) Hcp tIm¬Xmgpw, c≠v ]‰vXm-gp-am-bn-cp∂p D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.
Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Xmt°m¬ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw a‰v c≠v
SÃn-amcpw IqSn kq£n-°-W-sa-∂mWv \nb-aw. tIm¬Xmgn-s‚bpw
]‰vXmgn-s‚bpw Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ amdn amdn SÃn-am-cpsS ssIhiw hcpw.
aq∂p Xmt°m-ep-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®mte apdn-bpsS hmXn¬ Xpd-°m≥
Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. tIm\m´p a¬∏ms‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ Xmt°mepw, kn.
sP. Ipcys‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ Xmt°mepw Ah¿ henb Xncp-ta-\nsb
G¬∏n-®p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ ssIhiw h®v
btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn®p t]m∂p. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbm-Sp≈
kvt\l-hpw, hnizm-khpw Imc-W-am-bn-cp∂p Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ Xncp-ta-
\nsb G¬]n-®-Xv. Cu Xmt°m-ep-I-fpsS kq£n-∏ns\ kw_-‘n®v
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-tijw ]pXnb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-
eo-Ømbpw SÃn-amcpw XΩn¬ henb X¿°-Øn\v CS-bm-bn.
Hcp-Ø-tcbpw apjn-∏n-°m-sXbpw AtX-k-abw Imcyw ssIhn-Sm-
sX-bpw, kwK-Xn-Iƒ D±n-jvS-ÿm-\Øv sIm≠p-sN∂v sI´p-∂-Xn\v
]pen-t°m´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]tXyI kma¿∞yw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Cebv°pw, ap≈n\pw tISp-h-cm-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]iv\-߃
ssIImcyw sNbvXv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°pw. Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn-c- n-]mbw
]d-b-W-sa∂v a\-n¬ \ncq-]n®v sN∂-h¿ t]mepw Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn
kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ kz¥w A`n-]mbw ]d-bmsX Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A`n-
]m-b-Øn\v ]q¿Æ- k-Ω-X-am-sW∂v ]d™v ssIapØn Xncp-ap-ºn¬
\n∂p thKw ÿew Imen-bm-°m-dmWv ]Xn-hv. \b-Nm-Xpcyw
sIm≠mWv ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n CsX√mw km[n-®-Xv.
tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ hS-°p≈ sshZn-I-cp-sSbpw, P\-ß-fp-sSbpw
CS-bn¬ s]mXp-k-Ω-X\pw At\Iw sshZn-I-cpsS Kpcp-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n IØ-\m-cm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ tIm\m´p a¬∏m-\p-sam-
∂n®v ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]m-t\mSv tIm\m´p a¬]m\v D≈p-sIm≠v \oc-k-am-bn-
cp-∂p. h -t»-cn¬ a¬]ms\ saXm-\m-°-W-sa∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS ]pen-
t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n dºm-\m-°n.
tIm\m´v a¬∏m\v BZy- ]-´-hpw, IØ-\m¿ ]´hpw sImSp-ØXv
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n Bbn-cp-∂p. a¬∏m\v ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-
\n-tbmSv F¥p-amXw BZ-c-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F∂-Xn\v At±lw henb
saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v Ab® IØp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw a\-n-em-°mw.
h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ lmP-cm-°nb Hcp IØns‚ hnhcw Xmsg sImSp-
°p-∂p.
158 B\-∏m∏n
tIm\m´p a¬∏ms‚ aI-fpsS `¿Ømhv tbml-∂m≥ siΩm-i≥
Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. A∂v ]n. ‰n. Koh¿-
Kokv IØ-\m-cm-bn-cp-∂p ]n≥kn-∏mƒ. tbml-∂m≥ siΩm-i\v saSn-
°p-te-j≥ ]co-£bv°v Ccn-°m≥ tbmKyX Cs√∂v Xocp-am-\n®v
]n≥kn-∏mƒ Ab-®n-√. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v a¬∏m≥ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-
ta-\n°v Hcp ]cm-Xn-°Øv Ab-®p. B IØn¬ henb Xncp-ta-\nsb
a¬∏m≥ kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv:
""ae-bm-f-Øns‚ D∂-X\pw k¿∆-_-lp-am-\-tbm-Ky\pw BIp∂
Zoh-∂m-tkymkp tbmk^v saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmb Rß-fpsS ]nXm-
hns‚ ]cn-ip-≤-X-bp-sSbpw _lp-am-\-Øn-s‚bpw kvXpXy-tbm-Ky-amb
tijvT-X-bp-sSbpw hen-a-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn-te-°v...''
(h- n-∏-W-t°kv samgn, t]Pv 169. a¬]ms‚ 1092 ao\w 14- mw XobXn
sNm∆m-gvN-bnse samgn)
]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-tijw kwK-Xn-I-sf√mw XInSw
adn-™p. ]n∂oSv h∂ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw sIm SÃn-Ifpw
XΩn¬ ISpØ iXp-X-bn-em-bn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb Hcp ]mTw
]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Aflmb SÃn-bpw, sshZnI SÃnbpw hgn-t\m°n Ccn-
°p-tºm-gmWv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BK-a-\w. AXv th≠-
hn-[-Øn¬ apX-se-Sp-°p-hm≥ sIm SÃn-Iƒ Bhp-∂Xv ian-®p.
AXns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-amWv k`-bn-ep-≠mb apS-°pw, hg-°pw, C∂pw
HSp-ßmØ tIkp-I-fpw.
Akm-am-\y -_p-≤n-am-\m-bn-cp∂ a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn-cn-
Sp-hm≥ a‰p SÃn-Iƒ°v _p≤n-]-c-amb anIhv IΩn-bm-bn-cp-∂p F∂v
A°m-esØ kw`h]c-º-c-Iƒ kq£n®p \nco-£n-®m¬ a\-n-
em°mw. ÿntcm-’mlw, Imcy-\n¿∆-l-W-ti-jn, Iogvs∏-SmØ a\v
F∂nh-bpsS DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p kn. sP. Ipcy≥. F¶nepw h´-t»-cn¬
Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Ip∂ lna-]¿∆-X-Øn\p t\sc t`Zn®p Ib-dm≥
AsXm∂pw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-√. kz¥w ]Ww hmcn-t°mcn Nne-hn´v X\n-
®mWv At±lw k`m-tI-kp-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]nXr-
hy-\mb Ipcy≥ ssd´¿°v amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw,
tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw ImeØv k`-bnepw kap-Zm-b-
Ønepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ al-\o-b-ÿm\w X\n°pw In´-W-sa∂v kn.
sP. Ipcy≥ Bflm¿∞-ambn BK-ln-®p. AXn-\mbn ]b-Xv\n-®p.
a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta\n AXv hI-sh-®p -sIm-Sp-Øn-√. F∂m¬ saXm®s\
Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-∏n-®n- p- Xs∂ Imcyw F∂ \ne-bn-embn Ipcys‚ \o°w.
159B\-∏m∏n
k`-bpw, Xs‚ kzØpw AXp-sIm≠v \in®p F∂-Xp -amXw an®w.
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn¿°m≥ kn. sP. Ipcy\v Iq´mbn
tIm\m´v a¬∏ms\ In´n. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm Xßsf hI-
shbv°p-∂n√ F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ c≠p-t]cpw Xpey- Zpx-Jn-X-cm-bn-cp∂p.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v Pbv Pbv apg°n At±-lsØ ImtXm-
en-°m-bmbn hmgn®pIn´m≥ A_vtZZv ainlm ]mXn-b¿°o-kp-ambn
Fgp-Øp-IpØp \S-Ønb tIm\m´v a¬∏m≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n
A[n-Im-c-ta-‰-tXmsS tπ‰v am‰n-h-®p. X\n-°v, aptº \oc-k-ap-≠m-bn-
cp∂ a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]Xn-Imcw sNøp-hm≥ kn. sP. Ipcys\
Iq´p-]n-Sn®v X¥-߃ sa\-bm≥ B ]ptcm-lnXhcy≥ Ipd-s®m-∂p-
a√ `Ko-cY ]bXv\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ _p≤n-cm-£-k-\mb
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apºn¬ tim`n-°p-hm-\p≈ Du¿÷w
ssZhw At±-l-Øn\v sImSp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. ""F\n°v Cw•ojv Adn-bm≥
]mSn-s√∂v'' a¬∏m≥ h´n-∏-W-t°-kns‚ samgn-bn¬ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p≠v
(1092 ao\w 14˛mw XobXn sNm∆m-gvNsØ samgn). ""tdmb¬ tIm¿´v
hn[n-bpsS ae-bmfw X¿÷a hmbn-®n-´p-≠v. AXns‚ i‡n apgp-h≥
a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ F\n°v ]m]vXn t]mc'' F∂pw a¬∏m≥ samgn
sImSp-°p-∂p-≠v (h-´n-∏-W-t°kv samgn, t]Pv 170). k`sb kw_-
‘n-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Øn-ep≈ hn[n-\ymbw t]mepw hmbn®p a\-n-em-
°m≥ Ign-hn-√mØ Bƒ h´n-∏-W-t°-kp-t]m-se-bp-≈ Kl-\-hpw,
AXnk¶o¿Æ-hp-amb tIkv \S-Øp-hm≥ ap∂n´p \n∂m¬ F¥m-bn-
cn°pw ÿnXn? \nb-a-sØ-∏-‰nbpw, tIkv \S-Øn-∏n-s\-∏-‰nbpw
\s√mcp ]nSn-]m-Sn-√mØ hy‡n hyh-lm-c-Øn\v Cd-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-´m¬
A]-lm-ky-\m-Ip-I-bm-bn-cn°pw ^ew. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv tIm\m´v
a¬∏m\pw kw`-hn-®-Xv.
hntZ-in-bmb ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v Chn-SpsØ \nb-a-ß-sf-∏-‰n-tbm,
apºp-≠m-bn-´p≈ tImS-Xn-hn-[n-I-sf-∏-‰ntbm henb ]nSn-]m-Sp-≠m-bn-
cn-°-bn-√. AXn-s\-°p-dn-s®√mw icn-bmb \nb-tam-]-tZiw sImSp-
t°≠ Npa-Xe a¬∏m-\pw, Ipcy\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AsXm∂pw Ah¿
Ah¿°p th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ sNbvX-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. saXm-t∏m-eo-
Øm-tbm-Sp≈ sshcmKyw Xo¿°p-hm≥ apºpw, ]nºpw t\m°msX
tIkn-te°v FSp-Øp-Nm-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. [rXn-]n-Sn-®m-bn-cp∂p
A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\-s°m≠v apS-°p-I¬∏\ Cd-°n-®-Xv.
AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ]e A_-≤-ßfpw Im´n. h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb
apS-°p∂ h´n-∏-W-t°-kns‚ ]mcw-`-L´w apX¬ Hcp-]mSv a≠-Ø-c-
߃ a¬∏m\pw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw sNbvXp- Iq-´n. AsX√mw tIkn\v
160 B\-∏m∏n
tZmj-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]Ww hmcn hnXdn
Nne hnP-b-߃ X¬°m-e-tØ°v t\Sn-sb-¶nepw AsXm∂pw imiz-
X-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-√. ]mXn-b¿°okv `mKw h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ Zb-\o-
b-ambn ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. h´n-∏-W-t°-kns‚ Ah-km-\-hn[n ]kvXm-
hn-°p-tºm-tg°pw Ipcy-\pw a¬∏m\pw Ime-b-h-\n-I-°p-≈n¬ ad™p
Ign-™n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v tIkv tXm‰p-t]m-b-Xn¬ ZpxJn®v A¥y-Imew
Ign-®p-Iq-´m-\p≈ ZptcymKw Ah¿°v D≠m-bn-√. h´n-∏-W-t°-kns‚
I£n-I-fn¬ ][m-\-ambn ]s¶-SpØ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v amXta
hnP-b-Øns‚ Ipfn¿a A\p-`-hn-∏m≥ CS-h-∂p-≈p. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-
b¿°okv _mhm-bpw, Ipcy-\pw, a¬∏m\pw Nm‰v o¬Uns‚ Ah-km\
dnhn-j≥ hn[n hcp-∂-Xn\p aptº A°c IS-∂p.
h´n-∏-W-t°-kns‚ hnkvXm-c-th-f-bn¬ Hcp-]mSv \pW-Iƒ a¬]m\v
]d-tb-≠-Xmbn h∂p. AsX√mw tImSXn a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]pXp-∏≈n ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw, I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-
b¿°o-kn\v DS-ºSn hmßn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ BZym-h-km-\-°m-c-\mbn
\n∂n-cp-∂Xv a¬∏m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. apS-°p-I¬∏\ Fgp-Xn-°m\pw tIm\m v
a¬∏m≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ hew-ssI-bmbn ]h¿Øn-®p. AXn-s\-
°p-dn-s®√mw tImkv hnkvXm-c-Øn¬ tNmZy-߃, ]oc-¶n-bn¬ \n∂v
D≠ hcp-∂-Xp-t]mse a¬∏m-\p-t\sc Nodnh∂-t∏mƒ a¬∏m≥ ]X-
dn-t∏m-bn. kz¥w ssI sIm≠v Fgp-Xnb tcJ-Iƒ Xms\-gp-Xn-b-X-
s√∂v ]d™v ssIsbm-gn-bm≥ hnkvXm-c-th-f-bn¬ B ]ptcm-ln-X≥
kml-k-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. B hI Ipcp-´p-hn-Zy-Iƒ ImcWw
tImS-Xn-bpsS AXr]vXn th≠p-thmfw hmßn-°q- n. PUvPn AsX√mw
t\m´v sNbvXv hn[n-bn¬ AXn-s\-°p-dn-s®√mw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v (ae-¶c \km-
Wn-Iƒ, \memw hmeyw, t]Pv 638): ""tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cmbn h´n-∏-
W-t°-kn¬ samgn sImSp-Ø-Xp- aqew a¬]ms\ t\cn´v a\-n-em-
°p-hm≥ km[n® PUvPn Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈ At±-l-Øns‚ PUvPvsa‚n¬
""tIm\m´p a¬∏m≥'' F∂ Xe-s°´p sImSpØv Hcp JfinI Xs∂
Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ \n∂v A¬]w amXw kwK-ln®p kzX-¥-
ambn ]cn-`mj sNbvXp tN¿°p∂p.
H∂mw ]Xnsb (Zo-h-∂m-tkym-kv) NoØ-bm-°m≥ A_vZp≈m
]mXn-b¿°okv sNbvX iaw hn^-e-am-bn. F¶nepw ae-¶ck`-bnse
as‰mcp ]ap-Jmw-K-amb tIm\m´p a¬]ms‚ Imcy-Øn¬ AXv k^-
e-am-Ip-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. "F¥p sNøm\pw aSn-bn-√m-Ø-h\pw,
t\¿s\-dn-b-‰-h-\pw, kZvhrØn teiw-t]mepw C√m-Ø-h\pw' F∂v
161B\-∏m∏n
At±-lsØ hmZn-`mKw h°o¬ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xns\ khy-k\w ]n≥-
Xm-ßp-∂-Xnt\ F\n°v \n¿∆m-l-ap-≈p. Aßs\ Hcp k¿´n-^n-°‰v
tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw ae-¶c a¬]m≥ kºm-Zn-®p-h-®p.
Ign-™n-√. tImSXn XpS-cp-∂p. ""kn. sP. Ipcy-\p- tijw ]Xn-
`mKsØ ][m\ km£n-bmbn tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-b-t∏mƒ, Hcp
km£n°p D≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp∂ Zp¿Kp-W-߃ F√mwXs∂ ]Xy-£-
s∏-Sp-Øn. H∂mw-]XntbmSp≈ (h- -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sv) XocmØ
iXpX ]I-S-am-°n. kXy-k-‘Xmcmln-Xyw, IuSn-eyw, X¥-Øn-
ep≈ Hgn-™p-am-d¬, hnX-fi-hm-Zw, Hm¿Ω-°p-d-hp-s≠∂ \mSyw,
h°o-ens‚ tNmZy-߃°v adp-]Sn icn°p sImSp-°msX Hgn-™p-
amdm≥ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ iaw Ch-sb√mw At±lw G‰w
tami-°m-c-\mb Hcp km£n BsW∂pw [m¿ΩnIaqey-߃ CjvSm-
\p-k-cWw hf-bv°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Bfm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Cßs\ D≈ Hcmƒ AXn-tam-lnbpw, ]Xn-Im-c-_p-≤n-bpw, kqX-
imenbpw IqSn Bbm¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p hne-a-Xn-°m≥ hømØ
Hcp _‘phpw At±-l-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-sØtbm, AXym-K-l-sØtbm
XS--s∏-Sp-Øp-I-tbm, At±lw iXp-hmbn FÆp-Itbm sNøp-∂-
h¿°v AXym-]¬°m-cnbpw Bbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂-XmWv. A©mw ]Xn
(a¬∏m≥) CsXm-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. amXr-k` A]-I-S-Øn-em-Ip-sa∂v
Adn-™p-sIm≠v hy‡n-]-c-am-bp-≠mb iXp-X -aqew sshc-\n-cym-X-
\-tam-l-Øm¬ At±lw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSv tN¿∂p. AXv ]mXn-
b¿°o-kn-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lw sIm≠-√. ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kn-
t\mSpw, Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-t\mSpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ iXpX Imc-W-am-bn-
cp-∂p. Cu tIknse sXfn-hp-Iƒ CXp hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.'' Aßs\
t]mIp∂p tIm\m v a¬∏m-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ tImS-Xn-bpsS A`n-]m-b-߃.
]mXn-b¿°okv, saXms\ apS°n-°-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ tImS-Xnbpw
AXn¬ CS-s]-Sp-I-bn-s√t∂m at‰m Bbn-cp∂p a¬]ms‚ hnizmkw!
""Rm≥ X∂Xv Rm≥ \n∂n¬ \n∂v FSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂m-Wt√m
a¬∏m≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\-s°m≠v apS-°p-I¬∏-\-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-®Xv.
F∂m¬ kwKXnIsfm∂pw a¬∏ms‚ IW-°p-Iq-´¬ t]mse \S-
∂n-√.
h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v UnkvSnIvSv tIm¿´n¬
\n∂p≠mb XI¿∏≥ hnPbw tIm\m v a¬∏ms\ A£cm¿∞-Øn¬
Xf¿Øn. BZy- tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ Xs∂ tXm‰p-t]m-Ip-sa∂v a¬∏m≥
kz]vt\]n Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°n-√. sNbvX-sX√mw A_-≤-am-bn-t∏m-sb∂
ho≠p-hn-Nmcw AtXmsS At±-lsØ th -bm-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. k -bnse
162 B\-∏m∏n
]≈n-I-fn¬ ASn-bpw, _l-fhpw a‰pw \S-°p-∂-Xn¬ X\n°pw Hcp
]¶p-≠t√m F∂v Hm¿Ø-t∏mƒ At±lw ]›m-Øm]hnh-i-\m-bn.
`qXsØ IpS-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpd-∂p-hn-´-t]mse apS°pI¬]\ Cd°n
k`-bn¬ Ie-l-Øns‚ sImSp-¶m-‰-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wt√m sNbvX-sX∂v
At±-l-Øn\p tXm∂n. B kq∏¿ sskt¢m¨ Ae-dn-s°m≠v ae-
¶-cbn¬ kwlm-c-Xm-fi-h-am-Sp-∂-Xns‚ sR´n-°p∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ Znh-
khpw ]mºm-°pS h∂-e-®n-cp-∂p. C\n FX ian-®mepw Xncn-s®-Sp-
°m≥ ]‰mØ hnUvVn-Ø-amWv sNbvX-sX∂ hnNmcw a¬]ms‚
a\-ns\ aYn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa UnkvSnIvSv tIm¿ v
hn[n-]-Imcw FXn¿I-£n°v tImS-Xn-s®-ehv sImSp-°m≥ a¬]m\pw
_m≤y-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hen-sbmcp XpI tImS-Xn-s®-ehv sImSp-t°≠n
hcp-at√m Ft∂m¿Ø-t∏mƒ tIkn\v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®Xp-Xs∂ A_-
≤-ambn F∂v tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßn. CXn-\Iw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm
ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v In´nb XpI-bpw-sIm≠v ÿewhn´n-cp-∂p. ]mXn-
b¿°o-kn\v A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ap≥Km-an-Iƒ kºm-
Zn® [mcmfw ]Ww hmcn sNe-hn´v ChnsS tIkv \S-Øn-bmepw ]Øp-
ss]k tIkns‚ sNe-hn\v At¥ymJymbn¬ \n∂v In´n-√. Ip¥n-cn-
°-∏pI X´n Xs‚ ]q¿∆n-I¿ kºm-Zn® ]W-Øn¬ \n∂pw sImSp-
t°≠ KXn-tISv Btem-Nn-®-t∏mƒ a¬∏m≥ ]cn-£o-W-\m-bn.
A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX At±lw tcmKn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. UnkvSnIvSv
tIm¿´n¬ tXm‰m¬ sslt°m¿´n¬ A∏o¬ t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \nhr-
Øn-bn-√-t√m. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ AXn-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n¬ Bbn-cp∂p.
Ahn-sSbpw tXm‰m¬ tImS-Xn-s®-ehv kwJy ]ns∂bpw IqSn-t∏m-Ipw.
Hcp oa-amb XpI HSp-hn¬ AS-bvt°-≠-Xmbn hcp-at√m F∂v Hm¿Øv
a¬∏m≥ Akz-ÿ-\m-bn. ka-cn-t°kv apX¬ h´n-∏-W-t°-kp- hsc
\nc-h[n tIkp-Iƒ kz¥w ssIbn¬\n∂p ]W-sa-SpØv \S-Øn kn.
sP. Ipcy\pw Hcp-hn[w sXm≠m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. F∂mepw
[mSn°pw, tamSn°pw lm\n kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ig-ºn-√mØ hodpw,
hminbpw H´pwIpd-bmsX Xs∂ ImØp-kq-£n®p. ]mXn-b¿°okv
`mKØv \n¬°p∂p F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ ]≈n-I-tfm, At¥ymJym
]Xn-\n-[ntbm Hcp ss]k -t]mepw [\-k-lmbw sNøm≥ apt∂m´p
h∂n-√. ss]kbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
tIkpw hg°pw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v k`-bn¬ kam-[m\w D≠m-°p-I-
bmWv F√m-Øn\pw t]mwhgn F∂v a¬∏m\v HSp°w tXm∂n-Øp-
Sßn. AXn-\mbn At±lw Ah-km-\-Im-eØv iaw XpS-ßn. kn.
sP. Ipcy≥ At∏m-tg°pw acn-®p-t]m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ a¬∏m\v ss[cy-
163B\-∏m∏n
ambn kam-[m\ N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm-sa-∂m-bn. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ hf-sc-
b-[nIw ]Ww tIkn\v Xpe-®n-cp-∂p. Ipcys‚ hminbpw ]Xn-Im-c-
hm-RvObpw Bfn-°Øn \n¬°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ kam-[m-\-sa∂pw
]d-™v Ipcys\ kao-]n-°m≥ a¬]m\v `b-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂p-thWw
Icp-Xm≥. ""_kvKm-km -apdn ]q´n Xmt°mep sIm≠phm. F∂n- mhmw
kam-[m\ N¿®'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p apsº√mw kam-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v
kwkm-cn-°m≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Ab-®n-cp∂ am\y-∑m-tcmSv
Ipcy≥ tIm]m-Ip-e-\mbn ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv.
1102 Ipw`w 2˛mw XobXn Bep-hm-bn¬ tIm\m´p a¬]ms‚ A≤y-
£-X-bn¬ Hcp tbmKw IqSn k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øn-\mbn Ccp-`m-K-Øp-
\n∂pw Ipd-®p-t]sc sXc-s™-SpØv Hcp sU]yq-t´-j-\mbn ]mXn-
b¿°o-kns‚ ASp-tØbv°v Ab-bv°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. F∂m¬
]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ XWpØ ]Xn-I-cWw ImcWw sU]yq-t´-js\
Ab-®n-√. tIm\m´p a¬∏m≥ Znhw-K-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ GXm\pw amkw
apºmWv Bep-hm-tbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-´n-b-Xv. k`m-k-am-[m\w D≠m-bn-
°m-Wm≥ X\n°v tbmK-ap-≠m-hn-s√∂v a¬∏m\v AtXmsS tXm∂n-
bn-cn-°mw. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX At±lw InS-∏n-em-bn.
kpJ-t°Sv IqSp-X-embn iøm-h-ew-_n-bm-b-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-
ta\nsb t\cn¬I≠v kwkm-cn®v Ign-™p-t]m-b-sX√mw ad-°-W-
sa-∂pw, £an-°-W-sa∂pw DW¿Øn-∏m≥ a¬∏ms‚ lrZbw shºn.
AXn-\mbn a¬∏ms‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ Ip™n-ss∏-en-tbmSv ]d™v h´-
t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v Hcp IØ-b-®p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n, Ign-™-
sX√mw £an®v hfsc kvt\l-]q¿∆w Ip™n-ss∏-en°v adp-]Sn Ab-
bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B adp-]-Sn-bn¬ ""At\ym-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ hntcm-
[-߃ kI-ehpw Xo¿∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv \ap-°pw,
At±-l-Øn\pw lrZ-b-k-am-[m-\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv''
F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IØv XpS-cp-∂p:
""AXn-\m¬ \ap°v At±-l-Øns‚ t\sc bmsXmcp tZzjhpw hg°pw
Cs√-∂pw, D≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp∂ kI-ehpw Dt]-£n®p ssZh-Xn-cp-\m-a-
Øn¬ \mw £an-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw At±-l-tØmSv ]d-™p-sIm-
≈-Ww. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb ssZhw R߃ Ccp-h-tcmSpw, Rß-fpsS
Ip‰-ß-sfbpw Ipd-hp-I-sfbpw £an-°p-∂-Xn\pw _e-lo-\-\mb \mw
Xt∂mSv ]m¿∞n-°p∂p.''
am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ImWm≥ a¬]m≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p.
At±lw tcmK-i-ø-bn¬ BWv. saXm-t∏m-eoØm Atßm´v sN∂v
I≠m¬ sIm≈mw, kap-Zm-b-Ønse Iem-]-߃ a¬]m\v a\x-
164 B\-∏m∏n
]bmkw D≠m-°p-∂p F∂p ImWn®v Ip™n-ss∏en Hcp IØ-b-®n-
cp-∂p. AXns‚ adp-]-Sn-bmWv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n apI-fn¬ ImWn-
®-t]mse Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sh®v ka-cn-t°-kns‚
ImeØv _e-ambn sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ \n∂v \mfn-tIcw CSp-∂ Ah-
k-c-Øn¬ a¬∏ms‚ ]pdØv Nqc¬h-Sn-sIm-≠v ASn-t°-≠n- h-∂-
Xn¬ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]›m-Øm]w tXm∂n-bn-cn-°-Ww. "Bh-
iy-an-√msX ASn hmßn®p' F∂v a¬∏m\pw Ipsd-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ a\-
n¬ tXm∂n-bn-cn-°mw.
a¬∏ms\ ImWp-∂-Xn\p h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n t]mIm≥ Xøm-
dmbn hcp-tºm-tg°pw a¬∏m≥ acn®p F∂ hnhcw Adn-™p. 1103
Xpemw 22-˛mw XobXnbnse h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ub-dn-°p-dn-
∏n¬ C]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-bXmbn ImWp-∂p: ""C∂v D®-I-gn™v ae-
¶c a¬∏m≥ tIm\m´v amØ≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m acn-®p-t]m-b-Xmbn
Adn-™p. a¬∏m\v \sΩ ImW-W-sa∂v At]-£n-®n-cp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v
\msf Ign™v hymgmgvN t]mIp-hm≥ Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. acn®p
F∂p tI´-Xn-\m¬ t]mtI-s≠∂p Xocp-am-\n®p.''
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv sNbvX-Xpw, ]d-™Xpw Bb F√m
sX‰p-Iƒ°pw £a- tNm-Zn®v ]m]-tam-N\w t\Sn ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-ºmsI
sN√p-tºmƒ shSn-∏p-≈-h-\mbn lmP-cm-IWw F∂v hnNm-cn-®m-bn-
cn°mw a¬∏m≥ ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ sh®v saXm-®s\ t\cn´v ImW-
W-sa∂v BK-ln-®-Xv. Cu temI-Øn¬ sh®v ]‰nb Id-I-sf-sb√mw
ambv®p-I-f™v a\x-k-am-[m-\-tØmsS acn-°-W-sa∂ a¬]ms‚
tamlw c≠p -Zn-hkw IqSn a¬∏m≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ k^-e-am-
Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.
a¬]m≥ acn® XobXn k`m-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-emWv
ImWp-∂-Xv. kwibw Xo¿°m≥ a¬∏ms‚ sIm®p-a-I≥ ^mZ¿
tPm¨kv G_lmw tIm\m-´n-t\mSv Fgp-Xn-t®m-Zn-®p. 1927 \hw-_¿
8 BWv F∂v adp-]Sn In´n. ae-bmfw XobXn h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-
bpsS Ub-dn-bn¬ ImWn® 1103 Xpemw 22 Xs∂.
hm¬°-jWw
a¬∏m≥ acn-®-tijw h´n-∏-W-t°-kns‚ dnhn-j≥ s]‰o-js‚
hn[n No^vP-Ãokv Nm‰v^o¬Uv AS-ßp∂ ^pƒs_©v ]kvXm-
hn®p. dnhn-j≥ A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠pw Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS UnkvSnIvSv
tIm¿´v hn[n A∏msS kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-am-bn-cp∂p hn[n. a¬∏m≥
`b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse tImS-Xn-s®-ehv sImSp-°m≥ a¬∏m\pw _m≤y-
165B\-∏m∏n
ÿ-\mbn h∂p. a¬∏m≥ A¥-cn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ho´p-Im¿°v
tImS-Xn-s®-ehv kwJy sI´n-shbv-t°≠ `mcw henb ]iv\-am-bn.
a¬∏ms‚ aI≥ (]n-∂oSv ae-¶c a¬∏m≥ tIm\m´v A_lmw IØ-
\m¿) A∂v hfsc sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-
Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Iogn¬ kpdn-bm\n ]Tn-°p∂ Imew.
a¬]ms‚ kl-[¿ΩnWn aI-t\bpw Iq´n h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb
]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn I≠v tImS-Xn-s®-ehv kwJy Cf®v Xtc-
W-sa∂v IÆp-\o-tcm-Sp-IqSn At]-£n®p. hnime a\-kv°-\mb Xncp-
ta\n At]£ kzoI-cn®v Ahsc Biz-kn-∏n®v bmX-bm-°n.
…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv
At¥ymJym ]Xn-\n[n F∂ `mcn® ÿm\-\m-ahpw t]dn A∂v
\S-∂n-cp∂ hntZ-in-bmb …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv saXm≥ Xma-
kn-°m≥ CSw-t]mepw C√msX Ip∂w-Ip-fØv Nne Zbm-ep-°ƒ hmßn
s°mSpØ ]d-ºn¬ Hme- sh-®p-sI´n ad-bp-≠m°n AXn-\p-≈n-em-bn-
cp∂p Ign™p h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Ip∂w-Ipfw ]\-bv°¬ Xd-hm- nse alm-
a-\-kv°-bmb Hcp ho´Ω HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\v Ign-°m-\p≈ Blmcw
Hcp the-°m-c≥ hiw Znh-khpw sImSp-Ø-b-®p -h-∂p. \mep- h¿j-
tØmfw B alXn sImSp-Ø-b® `£Ww Ign-®mWv At¥ymJym
]Xn-\n[n Pohn-®p-h-∂-Xv. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv I_-d-S-ßnb B¿Øm‰v
knwlm-k-\-∏-≈n-bn¬ \n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn-Xw 1971˛¬ ]kn-
≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. B Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ apI-fn¬ sImSpØ hnh-c-
߃ D≠v. Poh-N-cn-X-Ønse a‰p -Nne hnh-c-߃ Xmsg sImSp-
°p∂p (…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv, t]Pv 68): ChnsS At±-l-
Øn\v Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v (]-d-ºn¬) Hme-bpw, ]\ºpw sIm≠v ad®
Hcp sjUv D≠m-°n. ... Cu sN‰-∏p-c-sb-∏‰n At±lw ""CsXs‚
IqSm-Ip∂p'' F∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\p
Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn I√p-sIm≠v Hcp sNdnb apdn ]Wn-Xp. Cu
apdn-sb-∏‰n ""CsXs‚ I_-dm-Ip∂p'' F∂v ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\
""Iq´nepw'' ""I_-dn-ep-''ambn At±lw Ipsd-°mew Xma-kn-®p.
IqSmsX ae-bmfw ]Tn®v sNdnb hmN-I-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-t]mse
]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]mXn-b¿°okv `mKØv \n¬°p∂ ]≈n-Iƒ At¥ymJym ]Xn-
\n-[nsb B ImeØv H´pw klm-bn-®n√ F∂p-≈-XmWv G‰hpw hyk-
\-I-cw. Hcp XhW HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\v sb¬sZm s]cp-∂m-fn¬
hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ sNm√m≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv `mKsØ ]≈n-°m¿°v
166 B\-∏m∏n
FgpXn Ab-s®-¶nepw Bcpw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn aptºm-´p-
h∂n√ F∂v ta¬∏-d™ Poh-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ D≠v (t]Pv 84).
sb¬sZm s]cp-∂mfpw ASp-Øp. ""sb¬sZm s]cp-∂m-fn\v hnip≤
Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n-bn-s√-¶n¬ Rm≥ acn-®p-t]mIpw'' F∂p ]d™v
saXm-t∏m-eoØm Cd-ßn. Bephm Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v
Hcp A`-bm¿∞n-sb-t∏mse Ah-i-\mbn Ib-dn-s®∂ At±-lsØ
AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Zbm-]q¿∆w kzoI-cn®p th≠ kuI-
cy-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øp. sb¬sZm s]cp-∂m-fns‚ Ip¿∫m\
Ign™v apdn-bn¬ h∂ At±lw t_m[w sI´p-ho-Wp. AXbv°v
]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp∂p ]mXn-b¿°okv I£n-bpsS A∂sØ \ne.
Cu \nebv°v tIkv \S-Øn-∏n\v [\-k-lmbw In´p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-
∏m≥ hI-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
kn. sP. Ipcy≥
IpSpw-_-h-imepw hy‡n-]-c-amb ]mK-¤y-Ømepw i‡\pw D∂-
X-hy-‡n-bp-am-bn-cp∂ tIm´bw A°sc kn. sP. Ipcy-s\-∏‰n 1993˛¬]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mhn⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:
""ae-¶ck`m Aflmb SÃn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-
]m-Z-Ønepw Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]m-Z-Øn-ep-ambn ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-a≥ (k-`m-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-a≥) h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkvF∂o saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-am-tcm-sSmØv Aflmb SÃn-bmbn]h¿Øn® Bƒ. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okpw h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw XΩn¬ D≠mb hyh-lmc tImem-l-eßfn¬ ]mXn-
b¿°okv ]£Øv t\XrXzw \¬Inb Aflmb ]ap-J≥. cmjvSobXe-Ønepw kmaq-ly-X-e-Ønepw hfsc kzm[o-\hpw ]map-JyhpwD≠m-bn-cp∂p.''
kn. sP. Ipcys‚ eLp-Po-hN-cn-Xhpw At±lw B\-∏m∏n h[-Øn¬ hln® ]¶pw 1996-˛¬ kn. Sn. tPm¨ A°c ]pcm´p ]kn-≤o-
I-cn® ""A°c IpSpw_ Ncn-X''-Øn¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-°p-I-bmWv. HcpD∂X hy‡n-sb-∏‰n kz¥w IpSpw-_-Øn¬s]´-hcpw kap-∂-X-cmbka-Im-en-Icpw \¬Ip∂ hn`n∂ NnX-ß-fn¬ \n∂v _p≤nbpw hnZym-
`ym-khpw hnth-Ihpw D≈-h¿°v bYm¿∞ -NnXw a\-n-em-°m≥
]bm-k-ap-≠m-hn-√-t√m.
A°c IpSpw-_-N-cn-X-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy-s\-∏‰n Cßs\ ]d-
167B\-∏m∏n
bp-∂p: A°c IpSpw-_-Ønse G‰hpw ][m\ hy‡n-bmb De-l-
∂-®s‚ B¨a-°-fn¬ c≠m-asØ aI-\mb kn. sP. Ipcy≥ (A°c
sIm®q-™v) 1036 (1860)- ˛¬ P\n-®p. aqØ Bfmb A°c Ip™v
_nkn-\-nepw ho´p-Im-cy-Ønepw s]mXp-ta¬t\m´w Imcy-]m-]vXn-
tbmsS \S-Øn. kn. sP. Ipcy≥, Ipcy≥ ssd´-cpsS klm-bn-bmbn
sIm®n-bnepw Nmh-°m´pw Xma-kn®v Ahn-sS-bp≈ _nkn-\-ns‚
ta¬t\m´w \n¿∆-ln-®p. XpS¿∂v shtè Ãm¿ ]X-Øns‚ \S-
Øn-∏n-epw, kap-Zmb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw s]mXp-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw
ssd -cpsS ]n≥Km-an-bmbn h¿Øn®v D∂X \ne-hmcw ssIh-cn-®p. ssd -
dpsS ac-W-ti-jhpw ioaqew cmPm-hp-am-bp≈ ssaXo-_‘w,
ioaqew Akwªn AwK-Xzw, tIm´bw ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bpsS cq]o-I-
c-W-]-[m-\n, AXns‚ BZysØ Ce-Iv‰Uv sNb¿am≥, kap-Zm-b-
SÃn, Ccp]-Øn-\m-em-bncw Imb¬ IpØn hn]p-e -Ir-jn-°m-c≥
XpSßn ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ IpSn¬sXm´v sIm´mcw hsc Adn-b-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ t\Snb
IpSpw_ -]-ikvXn \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ipcy\pw
km[n-®p. At±lw kpap-J\pw _p≤n-im-enbpw a\p-jy-tcmSv s]cp-am-
dp-hm≥ ]tXyI Ign-hp≈ Bfp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Nn‰-∏≥ Ipcy≥ ssd´-dpsS in£-W-Øn¬ kn. sP.
Ipcy\pw Ce-™n-°¬ C. sP. tPmWpw H∂n®v Cw•ojv kvIqfn¬
]Tn®p. kvIqƒ ss^\¬ hsc Bb-t∏mƒ ssd -dpsS \n¿t±-i-]Imcw
]TnØw \n¿Øn shfn-s®Æ hym]m-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏- p. Nmh-°ms´
sXßn≥tXm-∏ns‚ ta¬t\m-´sØ XpS¿∂p "shtè Ãm¿' ]X-
Øns‚ amt\-P-cm-bn.
tPyjvT≥ A°c Ip™n\v 11 hb-p-≈-t∏mƒ F´v hb-p≈
s]¨Ip-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Ieym-Wm-tem-N-
\-Iƒ h∂p. ]pØ-\-ßmSn sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ sF∏v DXp∏v apXep
]nSn-°m-cs‚ c≠mw hnhm-l-Ønse aqØ aIƒ A°m-Ωsb
IeymWw Ign-®p. ]Xm-]-ap≈ c≠p IpSpw-_-Ønse hnhm-l-®-Sßv.
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]n∂oSv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xpw sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ Bbn-
cp-∂-t√m. A∂sØ ]i-kvX- Ip-Spw-_hpw AXm-bn-cp-∂p. hmcn-°m´v
aqe-Ip-Spw_w BWv sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬. sF∏v DXp∏v apX¬]nSn-°m-
c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Cu tPmen°v henb Pmay-hy-hÿ h∂-t∏mƒ
At±lw cmPn- h-®p. Ct±lw BZyw sI´n-bn-cp-∂Xv tXh-e-°c
sXßphnf-bn¬ sIm®p-Ω≥ PUvPn-bpsS aIƒ A∂-Ω-sb-bm-Wv.
Gen-bm-kv, DΩ≥, A∂mΩ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂v Ip´n-Iƒ D≠m-b-tijw
168 B\-∏m∏n
`mcy acn-®p. c≠m-aXv Xpº-a¨ ]pØ≥ho-´n¬ Aan-\m-Zm-cpsS aIƒ
B®n-b-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. AXn¬ c≠v s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ P\n®p.
aqØ-a-Iƒ A°m-Ωsb kn. sP. Ipcy≥ sI´n. c≠mw aIƒ adn-bm-
Ωsb ]pXp-∏≈n Imt°m-fn¬ sI´n-®p.
sF∏v DXp-∏ns‚ aI≥ sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ DΩ-®≥ Xd-hmSv Ah-
Im-in-bm-bn. ]n∂oSv X\n°pw ]nXm-hn\pw [mcmfw IS-_m-[yX D≠m-
b-Xn-\m¬ aqte-®-cn¬ ]nXm-hpw, aI≥ DΩ-®≥ I√q¿ ]pc-bn-S-Ønepw
Xma-k-am-°n. sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ ]pcbpw ]dºpw tee-Øn-em-bn. kn.
sP. Ipcys‚ AΩmbnA∏s‚ \n¿t±-i-tØmsS A°-c-°m¿ AXv
tee-Øn¬ ]nSn-®p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ AhnsS Xma-kn-®p. henb apX-
ep-]n-Sn-°m-c≥ ]Wn-bn-∏n® Cu sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ hoSp-t]mse XSn-
t°mfpw _e-ta-dn-bXpw hnNnX ]Wn-bp-≈-Xp-amb XSn-∏pc tIc-f-
Øn¬ Npcp-°-am-Wv. Xnc-s™-SpØ hnZKv≤ ]Wn-°m-sc-s°m≠v \√
XSn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]Wn-bn-®-XmWv sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ ]pc.
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ hnhm-l-tijw sIm®n-bnepw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-
am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Pohn-Xw. shtè Ãm¿ ]X-Øns‚ Npa-Xe apgp-
h≥ h∂-t∏mƒ Xmakw A[n-Ihpw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øm-bn. Ipcy≥
ssd´¿ Bbneyw cmPm-hns‚ kplr-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. Cu cmP-
IpSpw__‘w ioaqew cmPm-hns‚ ImeØv kn. sP. Ipcy\pw
XpS¿∂p. shtè Ãm¿ ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-amWv Cu kplr-Xv_‘w
\ne-\n¿Øm≥ ][m-\-ambn klm-bn-®-Xv. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ioaqew
cmPm-hns\ IqsS-°qsS sN∂p -I≠v kwkm-cn-°Ww F∂Xv cmPm-
hns‚ \n¿t±-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipcys\ Ipsd-\mƒ I≠n-s√-¶n¬ Bsf-
hn´p Xnc-°pw. P\-߃ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ P\-]-Xn-\n-[nbmb
Fw.F¬.F. amsc-t∏mse A√t√m A∂sØ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ.
Hmtcm tZi-Øp-\n∂pw tZi-k-Ω-X-cmb Bƒ°msc ]Pm-k`m saº¿-
am-cmbn Kh-s◊‚ v t\man-t\‰v sNøpw. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ acn-°pw-hsc
tIm´bw ]Pm-k`m saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p. B ÿm\w D]-tbm-Kn®v tIm´bw
ap\nkn-∏m-en‰n cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ][m\ ]¶p-hln®p.
kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ioaqew cmPm-hp-am-bp≈ ssaXo-_‘w A∂-
sØ-°m-eØv hfsc hne-s∏- -Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-b-Øns‚
SÃn-bmbn FXn-cn-√msX acn-°pw-hsc At±lw Bb-Xn-\m¬ A∂p-
¤-hn® h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ ][m\ I£n-bmbn ]h¿Øn-t°≠n
h∂p.
At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØv hn]p-e-ambn s\¬Irjn \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn
Ccp-]-Øn-\m-em-bncw Imb¬ ]Xn-∏n-s®-SpØv hc-ºp-Iƒ D≠m°n
169B\-∏m∏n
Irjn \S-Øn. Imb¬ cmPm-hm-bn-Øo¿∂ kn. sP. Ipcy\v ioaqew
Xncp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ kulrZw, Db¿∂ DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cpsS
taep≈ kzm[o\w F∂nh Hcp henb t\´-am-bn-cp-∂p.
k`m-h-g-°n¬ IpSpßn
kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m´v a¬]m\pw ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v
am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-as‚ ImeØv k`m-S-Ãn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
henb saXm-®\p £oWhpw ]mb-hp-am-bn. ]n≥Kman BcmWv
Fs∂mcp Nn¥ At±lsØ Ae-´n. h´-t»-cn¬ a¬∏m≥ Imcy-ti-
jn-bp-≈-h\pw _p≤n-am-\p-am-Wv. AwK-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h¿°v saXm≥-
]´w sImSp-°-cp-Xv F∂v Hcp amaq¬. AXp-sIm≠v IÆn\p XI-cmdv
(tIm-¶-Æv) D≈-Xn-\m¬ h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]ms\ saXm-\m-°p-hm≥ hS-
°¿°pw sX°¿°pw Hcp-t]mse FXn¿∏m-bn. ]ueqkv dºm≥
km[phpw Imcy-∏n-Sn-∏n-√mØ Bfpw. h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]m-t\mSv Xm¬]-
cy-°m-c\pw At±-l-Øns‚ Ign-hn-s\-∏‰n t_m[-hm-\p-am-bn-cp∂ kn.
sP. Ipcy≥ sX°pw hS-°pw-t]mbn FXn-c-`n-]m-b-ap-≈-hsc I≠v
h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]m-s\-t∏mse _p≤n-am-\mbn a‰mcpw k`-bn¬ C√
F∂pw AXp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\p Xo¿®-bmbpw ]´w sImSp-°Ww
F∂pw F√m-h-scbpw Hcp-hn[w kΩ-Xn-∏n-®p. XpS¿∂v AXn-\p≈
Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Iƒ F√mw Xømdm°n. ...
…o_m siΩm-i-s‚bpw ]ueqkv dºm-®-s‚bpw IqsS Ct±-l-
tØbpw ioabv°v hn´p. HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv, Iqdn-tem-kv, Zoh-∂m-
tkymkv F∂o t]cp-Ifn¬ 1908 sabv 31-˛mw XobXn Ch¿ aq∂p-
t]cpw saXm-∑m-cmbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´p. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am¿
aqhcpw \m´n¬ Xncn-s®-Øn.
A°-c-°m-cpsS amdm SÃn ÿm\hpw k`-bnse D∂-X-Xzhpw ]e
t\Xm-°ƒ°pw Akq-bbv°pw hntZz-j-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. Nne
kz¥-°m¿ FXn¿∏p-≈-h-cp-ambn Iq´p-]n-Sn-®p. tIm´bw ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-
ep≈ ]e ]am-Wn-Iƒ°pw Hmtcm Imc-W-Øm¬ kn. sP. Ipcy-
t\mSv D≈n¬ \ockw Df-hm-bn. CXn¬ ]ecpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-
\nsb kn. sP. Ipcy-\n¬\n∂pw AI-‰m≥ ian-®p. saXm-®≥ kn.
sP. bpsS ssIbm-fmbn \S-°p∂p F∂mWv P\-kw-kmcw F∂p-
hsc saXm-®s\ [cn-∏n-®p. saXm-®\pw Cu P\-kw-kmcw am‰Ww
F∂v Hcp K¿∆v D≠m-bn. AtXmsS Iq´p-S-Ãn-Isf Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-
Wn®v Ah-tcmSv Btem-Nn-°msX Imcy-߃ \SØn aptºm-´p-t]mbn.
saXm-®s‚ A\p-`m-hn-I-fmbn ]ecpw CXn\p Iq´p-Iq-Sn. skan-\m-cn-
170 B\-∏m∏n
bnse _kvKmkm apdn-bpsS aq∂p Xmt°m-en¬ H∂p saXm-®-s‚bpw
H∂v A¬amb SÃn-bp-sSbpw (kn. sP. Ipcy≥) H∂p sshZnI SÃn-
bp-sSbpw (tIm-\m´p a¬]m≥) ssIbn¬ Bbn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xm-bn-
cp∂p k`m-N-´w. saXm-®≥ Xmt°m-¬ aq∂pw IÃ-Un-bn¬ sh®p.
saXm-®s‚ tkz—m-[n-]Xy ]hr-Øn-Ifpw IqsS- \n-∂-h-cpsS t]c-
Wm-i-‡nbpw kap-Zm-bsØ c≠p tNcn-I-fm°n F∂p ]d-bmw. c≠p
I£n-Ifpw Ahc-h-cpsS I£n-bn-te°v Bfp-]n-Sn-Øhpw i‡am°n
F∂p ]d-™m¬ aXn-b-t√m. XpS¿∂p kap-Zm-b-Ønse Ipg∏w Iq´p-
S-Ãn-Iƒ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb Adn-bn-®p. ]cn-lmcw ImWp-
hm≥ _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈Ww F∂v A`y¿∞n-®p.
A∂sØ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Xma-kn-bmsX ae-¶-c-bn-
te°v Fgp-s∂-≈n. _mhm h∂Xv Xs∂ apS-°m-\mWv F∂p sX‰n-
≤-cnt®m Ft¥m h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n _mhmsb kao-]n-®n-√.
XpS¿∂p _mhm saXm-®s\ apS-°n. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v hfsc £p`n-
X-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬ apS-°p-I¬]\ hmbn-®p. CtX -Xp-S¿∂v c≠p
I£n-bmbn ]ncn-™p. sNdnb]≈n-bn¬ ASn. B\-∏m-∏n-t°-kv,
XpS¿∂v ]e ]≈n-I-fnepw c≠p tNcn. Iqdn-temkv saXm-®\pw
HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv saXm\pw Hcp mKØpw, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw
apdn-a-‰Øp saXm-®\pw adp `mKØp\n∂pw tIkp-Iƒ°p ]pdta
tIkp-I-fmbn s]mXp-kz-Øn\pw h´n-∏-W-]-en-ibv°pw s]mXp-hmbpw
Hmtcm ]≈n°pw ]tXyIw ]tXy-I-ambpw tIkp-Iƒ XpS-ßn. ]≈n-
Iƒ an°Xpw ]q´n. kvIqfpIƒ Bb-Xp-sIm-≠v Fw.Un. skan-
\mcnbpw, ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cnbpw ]q´n-bn-√. ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn ]≈n amXw
]q´n. \mep-sI´pw Ipin-\nbpw ]q´msX Ip´n-I-fpsS Bh-iy-Øn\v
hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. \mS-I-im-e-bpsS apIƒX´v hrØn-bm°n Ip¿_m-
\bpw a‰p I¿Ω-ßfpw AhnsS h®v \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. at\m-ca
Nm∏epw Bcm-[-\-bv°pw, hnhm-lw, amtam-Zokm XpS-ßnb NS-ßp-
Iƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn®p h∂p. tIm´-b-Øp≈ saXm≥ I£n-°m¿°v
Cu c≠p Nm∏epw _mhm I£n-°m¿°v ]mW-º-Sn-°¬ ]≈nbpw
Iv\m\m-b-°m-cpsS henb]≈nbpw amXw Bcm-[-\bv°p tijn-®p.
IqSmsX sNßfw ]≈n, I√p-¶-X, Hf» s]m∂-cØp ]≈n, Ipa-
cIw B‰-aw-Kew ]≈n F∂n-hbpw tIm´bw apX¬ hS-t°m-´p≈
an° ]≈n-Ifpw _mhm I£n-°m¿°v amXw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fmbn.
]pXp-∏≈n c≠p Iq´cpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p.
tIm´-b-Øn\p sXt°m´v IqSp-X¬ ]≈n-Ifpw Ip∂w-Ip-fØpw
tImX-aw-K-e-Øp-ap≈ Npcp°w ]≈n-Ifpw saXm≥ I£n-°m-cpsS
171B\-∏m∏n
kzm[o-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h√ ]men-tb-°c ]≈n H∂n-S-hn v Hmtcm-
cp-Ø-cpw, I´-∏p-dsØ ]≈n _mhm I£n-°m¿°v amX-ambpw XpS-
¿∂p. at\m-c-a-]Xw saXm-®\v Xmßpw XW-ep-ambn h¿Øn-®p. Pn√m-
t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ tIkv _mhm-I-£n-°m¿°v tZmj-ambn hn[n-®p.
sslt°m¿´n¬ A∏o¬ t]mbn. aZm-kn¬ ]ikvX h°o-emb kn.
]n. cma-kzm-an-A-øsc _mhm I£n-°m¿°p th≠n hmZn-°m≥ kn.
sP. Ipcy≥ sIm≠p-h-∂p. ]n∂oSv tIc-f-Ønse apJy-I-Ym-]m-Xhpw
Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm-\p-ambn amdnb kn. ]n. sb kn. sP. Ipcy\v
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw CS-]m-Sm-°n-bXpw A∂p Znhm-\m-bn-cp∂ kn.
cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-bm-Wv. h°o-ens\ ImWm\pw k`m-Im-cy-ßfpw a‰pw
X¿÷a sNbvXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Fcp-Øn-°-e-®≥, amen-bn-e-®≥
apX-em-b-h¿ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv Xma-k-am-°n. tIm´-bØv ]e ho´p-
Imcpw hfsc hmin-tbmsS c≠p I£n-bmbn \n∂p.
h´-t»cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØm apdn-a-‰-Øn¬ ImtXm-en°m _mhm,
Koh¿Kokv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm (I-√m-t»-cn¬),
Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv (hmI-Øm-\w) F∂n-h¿ saXm≥
I£n°v t\XrXzw sImSp-Øp. kn. ]n. cma-kzman Aø¿ hnZ-Kv≤-
ambn hmZn® tIkn¬ saXm≥I-£n-°m¿ tXm‰p. AtX-Xp-S¿∂v
saXm≥ I£n-t\-Xm-°ƒ sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ h∂p kn. sP. Ipcys\
I≠v, Xmt°m¬ G¬]n-°m≥ h∂-XmWv F∂pw Ah¿ kap-Zmbw
hn´p t]mIpw F∂pw ]d-™-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. tIkn¬ Pbhpw
tXm¬hnbpw D≠v. \ap°v H∂mbn t]mI-Ww. AtX-∏‰n DSs\ Btem-
Nn-°m-sa-∂pw, DSs\ ioaqew Akw-ªn°p t]mtI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Xncnsb h∂p Cu Imcy-߃ Btem-Nn-°Ww F∂pw ]d™v kn.
sP. Ipcy≥ Xmt°m¬ hmßmsX Ahsc kam-[m-\-s∏-Sp-Øn hn´p
F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ Akw-ªn°p t]mIm-\n-cp∂ kn. sP.
Ipcy\v s]s´∂p hmX-tcmKw aq¿—n®p Ah-i-\m-bn. 1924 am¿®v 2˛\v
At±lw ac-W-a-S-™p.
CXmWv IpSpw-_-°m-cpsS Ncn-Xw.
CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v ]d-bp∂p
kp]-kn≤ k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb CUv. Fw. ]mtd v 1969- ¬ ]kn-
≤o-I-cn® h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv (a-e-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ 4)
F∂ Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:
am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ c-W-Øns‚ BZy-a-S-ßmbn
KWn-t°≠ Bdp h¿j-°mew F∂√ ae-¶c \km-Wn-I-fpsS
172 B\-∏m∏n
NcnXw H´msI FSp-Øm¬X-s∂bpw AXn¬ kmc-amb kzm[o\w
sNep-Øn-bn-´p≈ Hcp t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p 1098 Ipw`w 19-˛\v A¥-cn®
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ F∂v At±lw kºm-Zn® \nc-h[n iXp-°ƒt]mepw
kΩ-Xn-°pw. Ipw`w 21-˛se ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ kpZo¿-
L-amb apJ-]-kw-K-Øn¬ ""kap-Zmb Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp kp]-[m-\-
`mKw hln-°-Ø-°-hn[w Akm-am-\y-amb ÿntcm-’mlw, Imcy-
\n¿∆-l-W-i‡n, Iogvs∏-SmØ a\v F∂n-h-sb√mw kn. sP. Ipcy-
\n¬ ]tim-`n-®n-cp-∂p F∂p-≈Xv At±-l-sØ-∏‰n G‰w ]_-e-amb
A`n-]mbhyXym-k-ap-≈-hcpw ap‡-IWvTw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. A`n-
]mbhyXym-k-ap≈ kwK-Xn-Isf am‰n-h®p ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬,
At±lw \nw-i-b-ambn Hcp alm-\p-`m-h\pw cmPy-Øn\pw kap-Zm-
b-Øn\pw Hc-e-¶m-c-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xn\v bmsXmcp
aSn-bp-an√ F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ PmXym-`n-
am-\nbpw tZim-`n-am-\n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶c \km-Wn-I-fp-sS-ta¬
At¥ym-Jymbv°v euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-an-s√∂p Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw
sIm®n-bn-sebpw tdmb¬tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ Xo¿∏p I¬]n-®n-´pw, Xp¿°n
cmPy-°m-c-\mb ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v ChnsS Bflob euIn-Im-[n-Im-
c-߃ Ds≠∂p ÿm]n-°m≥ Xs‚ ]Whpw kzm[o-\hpw F√mw
IÆp-]q´n sNe-hm-°nb Bƒ Fßs\ PmXym-`n-am-\n-bm-Ipw, tZim-
`n-am-\n-bmIpw F∂pw tNmZn-°mw. am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚
A[n-Im-csØ P\-]-Xn-\n[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\p X\n-
°p-s≠∂p At±lw hniz-kn® Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p kn.
sP. Ipcy≥ \S-Ønb `Ko-cY]b-Xv\-Øn¬ hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p hntZ-
in-bmb At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ IqsS Iq´p-]n-Sn®p F∂p
hymJym-\n-°mw. Gjy-bpsS hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-d≥ mKØv Fhn-sS-\ns∂-
¶nepw hcp-∂hsc AXn-am-\p-jtcm A¿≤-ssZ-h-ßtfm Bbn KWn-
°p-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS Aiu-Nm-h-ÿsb Xs∂ al-Xz-Øns‚ e£y-
ambn FÆp-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS \mSv GXp \c-I-°pgn Bbmepw ""ioa''
Bbn tLmjn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ""ioa tkh-I-cpsS'' Iq´-Øn¬s∏´
Bfm-bn-cp-∂n√ kn. sP. Ipcy≥. h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ At±lw
sImSpØ samgn CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv. hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-d≥ Gjy°p
""ioa'' F∂ hnti-j-ÿm-\-a√ ""Xp¿°n'' F∂ t]cmWv At±lw
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]nXr-Xp-ey-\m-bn-cp∂ Ipcy≥ ssd´¿°p,
amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-
kn-s‚bpw ImeØv kap-Zm-b-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ D∂-X-ÿm-
\tam \nb-¥W kzm[o-\-ßtfm X\n°p thW-sa∂v kn. sP.
Ipcy≥ BK-ln-®p. Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkymkv AXp hI-h®p
173B\-∏m∏n
sImSp-Øn-√. hI-sh®p sImSp-°m≥ XmXzn-I-ambn \nhrØn Cs√∂v
At±lw hniz-kn-®p. Ah¿ XΩn¬ sX‰n F∂o-hn[w hymJym-\n®p
IqStbm Ah¿ XΩn-ep-≠mb AI¬®-tbbpw AXns‚ Imc-W-ß-
tfbpw? F¥n\pw t]mcp∂ tIm\m´p a¬]m-s\bpw B hgn°p ""Xp¿-
°n-I-sfbpw'' Iq´n-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v `mc-X-bp-≤-Øn\p ]pd-s∏-´p. ae-¶c
\km-Wn-I-fpsS At\-I-e£w cq]-bpw, Ah-cpsS Ac- i-Xm-_vZ-
°m-esØ iahpw kz¥w [\hpw sh≈-Øn-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
AXp-sIm≠v `c-W-[p-c-‘-\mb Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚
AXn-cp‰ Ign-hp-sIm-≠p≈ ]tbm-P\w B¿°pw C√m-sX- t]m-bn.
am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkymkpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tbmPn®p
]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ C∂sØ \ne F¥m-bn-cn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p?
""\obp-≠m-°nb Ipg∏w''
h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°nb tijw 1087-˛¬ (1911) Bep-hm-
bn¬ tN¿∂ ]≈n-]-Xn-]p-cpj tbmK-Øn¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p Bfln-
Im-[n-Im-chpw euIn-Im-[n-Im-chpw Ds≠-∂p≈ ]tabw ]mm-°m≥
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ kΩ-Xn-®n-√. apS-°p-sIm≠v km[n-°m-hp∂ t\´-ß-
sf-∏‰n kn. sP. Ipcy\p Nne [mc-W-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-cy-sØ-
∏‰n hS-Ic sslkvIqƒ slUvam-Ã-dm-bn-cp∂ ˛ kap-∂X sshZn-
I\pw HutK≥ dºm-®s‚ (]n-∂oSv HutK≥ _mh) D‰ anX-hp-am-bn-
cp∂ ˛ ]tc-X-\mb sNΩ-¶pg kn. Fkv. kvIdnbm A®≥ ""ae-¶c
k`m ]iv\w: Nne D≈p-I-≈n-Iƒ'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cßs\
]d-bp∂p.
""saXm-®s\ ]mX-bn¬ \n∂p X´n-am-‰-W-sa-∂-√msX ]mXn-b¿°o-
kn\v A[n-Imcw In´-W-sa∂v kn. sP. Ipcy≥ hnNm-cn-®n-√. apS-°n-
bm¬ AsX-Xbpw Ffp∏w km[n-°p-sa∂p IW-°p-Iq-´n. apS-°p-
I¬]-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn 14 cq]m Ãmsºm- n®v Hc-t]£ k¿°m-cn¬ sImSp-
Øm¬ hSn-, apSn, …o_m hs®m-gn-™p-t]m-Im≥ DØ-chp e`n-°p-sa-
∂p-Xs∂ At±lw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-sX. apS°v Btem-N-\-bn-en-cn-°p-
tºmƒ ]tc-X-\mb sNm≈-tº-e-®-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d-™-Xmbn
At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw t\cn´p ]d™p Rm≥ tI´n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ apS-
°n-s\-∏‰n CS-h-gn-°¬ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv Btem-N-\m-k-a-bØv
]d-™Xv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. "Cu hSn-sIm≠v Cu ]mºv Nmhp-I-bn√'
F∂mWv ^en-X-ambn ]d-™-Xv.
]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p ]≠p≈ A[n-Im-c-sam-s°-bp-s≠∂pw Uen-
tK-‰n\v dºm-∑m-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-an-cn-°s´ F∂p-amWv Bep-hm-bn¬
174 B\-∏m∏n
\n›-bn-®-Xv. At∏m-gmWv ]mXn-b¿°okv Xs‚ \ne Ah-Xm-f-Øn-
em-b-t√m, ]Whpw C√, A[n-Im-chpw C√ F∂p a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv.
kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ssIbn¬ Hcp ]mh-bm-bn-t∏m-bt√m Ft∂m¿Øv
a\-ÿm-]-s∏- p. Ipcy\pw _mhm-bp-am-bn, _mh-mbpsS bmXbv°v H∂p
c≠p Znhkw apºp \S∂ Hcp kw`m-j-W-sØ-∏‰n Hcp hnh-cWw
Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ 1102-˛¬ Adn-™Xv ChnsS tN¿°p-I-bm-Wv.
1102˛¬ Bep-hm-bn¬ tIm\m´v a¬]m-\-®≥, Ipcn-in-¶¬ amWn-b-®≥,
kn. ]n. Xc-I≥, Fw. F. Nmt°m, ss]tem h°o¬ apX¬t]¿
IqSn \S-Ønb alm-tbm-K-Øn\v Hcp Znhkw apºv Chcpw a‰p ]ecpw
Bep-hm-bn¬ kn. sP. amWn-bpsS sI´n-S-Øn¬ (kn.Fw.Fkv.
]≈n°p kao-]w) IqSn ]e-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Btem-Nn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Rm\pw B Iq´-Ønep≠mbn-cp-∂p. Fw. F. Nmt°m-bm-
WnXp ]d-™Xv. _mhm-bpsS bmXbv°p apºv At±-lsØ I≠v
kwkm-cn-°-W-sa∂v saXm-®\v Dt±iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Fd-
Wm-Ip-f-sØØn Xma-kn-®p. saXm-®\pw _mhm-bp-ambn I≠p kwkm-
cn-®m¬ Hcp- ]t£ X\n°v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n -h-cp∂ ]bm-k-ß-
fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-Im≥ km[n-t®-°p-sa∂v Ipcy≥ hnNm-cn-®n-c-n°-Ww.
kwkm-cn-°m≥ CS-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v _mhm-tbmSv Ipcy≥ Xs∂
]d™p. _mhm tIm]n®p, ""\obp-≠m-°nb Ipg∏w \o Xs∂ hln-
®p-sIm-≈pI'' F∂p ]d™p apJw Xncn®pIf-™p. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v
kq£va-ambn Adn-bmsX Fw. F. Nmt°m Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ CS-
bn√. tI´-h-cmcpw AXns\ \ntj-[n-®p-an-√. _. a¬∏m-\-®≥ _mhm-
bpsS bmXbv°p apºv Ft∏mgpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp-
∂t√m. Ipcys‚ kl-]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-Wv. am¿ A_v-Zp≈m ]mXn-
b¿°okv [oc\pw F√mw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-∂-h\pw Aßs\ Xs∂
]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hfn-®p-Ifn H∂pw At±lw ImWn-®n√.
AXbv°v At±lw _lp-am\w A¿ln-°p∂p.''
kap-Zm-b-t°kv NqSp-]n-Sn® Imew. B\-∏m∏n h[w kw_-‘n®pw
skan-\mcn dn°m¿Up-Iƒ IS-Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp-sa∂v ipXn ]c-
∂-Xns\ XpS¿∂p≈ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw
skan-\mcn Imh-en-\p-th≠n hnfn-®m-°nb Xmg-Ø-ßmSn kztZ-in-I-
fmb ap…o-ß-fpsS Imcy-߃ t\m°p-hm≥ \ntbm-Kn -°-s∏´
""im¥\pw ho´p-Im¿°pw \m´p-Im¿°pw ]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏-
®s‚ Kl-∏n-g''sb kw_-‘n®pw AIm-e-a-c-Ww, `mcy-bpsS acWw
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \jvS-s∏´ aq∂p Ip™p-ß-fpsS ÿnXn F∂n-h-sb-
∏-‰nbpw A°c IpSpw_ Ncn-X-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:
175B\-∏m∏n
kap-Zm-b-t°kv NqSp-]n-Sn® Imew
Cu Ime-L- -Øn-em-bn-cp∂p (1910) kap-Zm-b-t°-kns‚ NqSp-Imew.
kap-Zm-b-SÃn kn. sP. Ipcy\pw ae-¶c saXm≥ h´-t»cn¬ Koh¿-
Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw Ccp-tN-cn-I-fn¬
\n∂p t\XrXzw sImSp-Øp. tIm´-bØv Bƒ kzm[o\w kn. sP.
Ipcys‚ tNcn-bmb ]mXn-b¿°okv I£n-°m-bn-cp-∂p. sNdnb ]≈n-
bn¬ c≠v I£n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≠mb ASn- Ip]-kn-≤-am-W-t√m. CXn-
\nsS h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂pw sX°≥ `mK-sØ-hn-
sStbm Bÿm\w am‰p-sa∂pw skan-\m-cn-bn-en-cn-°p∂ dn°m¿Up-
Iƒ F√mw IS-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-sa∂pw ipXn ]c-∂n-cp-∂p.
Aßs\ kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ kn. sP. Ipcy≥ Nne ap≥I-cp-X-ep-
Iƒ FSp-Øp. Xmg-Ø-ßmSn Ipf-∏p-c-°-S-hn\p kao-]-ap≈ A`ym-
kn-I-fmb ap…ow bphm-°-∑msc ]≈n-km-[-\-߃ H∂pw IS-Øn-
s°m≠p t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]≈n-]-cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ Imh-en\p \ntbm-
Kn-®p. skan-\m-cn°p kao]w Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Xs‚ tPyjvTs‚ aI≥
]pcm´p ]m∏-®s\ Ch-cpsS Imcy-߃ t\m°p-hm≥ `c-ta¬]n-®p.
Cu G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw Iq´cpw ho£n-®-t∏mƒ
as‰mcp [mc-W-bmWp-≠m-b-Xv. skan-\mcn Iø-S-°m-\p≈ kwcw- -ambn
Ah¿ IW-°m-°n. GXm-bmepw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS hew-ssI-
bm-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv ]Wn-°-c-®≥ (]n-∂oSv B¿®v _nj∏v am¿
Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) ta]m-bn-te°v Bf-b-®p. B `mKsØ Akm-[m-
cW A`ymknIfpw apjv°-∑m-cp-am-bn-cp∂ B\-∏m∏n (h¿°n h¿-
Kokv) sbbpw injy≥ Xncp-hm-¶m-h≥ sIm®p-Ip-™n-s\bpw skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ hcp-Øn. Ch¿ k`mw-K-߃ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
skan-\mcn B‰n-dºv hfhv A∂v th\¬°m-eØv henb aW¬∏p-
d-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS agp-°m´p Ip™p-ap-l-ΩZv taØ-cpsS Hcp Nmb-
°-S-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bmWv apl-Ω-Zo-b¿°v `£Ww G¿s∏-
Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp Znhkw Ch¿ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ Im∏n-IpSn Ign™v
kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ZrV-Km-X-cmb c≠v A]-cn-Nn-X¿
AhnsS Ib-dn-s®∂v Nmb FSp-°m≥ ]d-™p. B\-∏m-∏nbpw sIm®p-
Ip™pw Bbn-cp∂p Ah¿. B\-∏m∏n A∂v AhnsS FØn-b-tX-
bp-≈p. h∂ DSs\ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb I≠v ssIapØn kwkm-
cn®p. XpS¿∂v tZiw ImWm≥ Cd-ßn-b-Xm-Wv. BZysa aW-∏p-d-tØ-
°mWv Xncn-®-Xv. Nmb-°-S-bn¬ h∂v Nmb FSp-°m≥ ]d-™-t∏m-
gmWv apl-Ω-Zo-bsc I≠-Xv. skan-\mcn kq£n-°m≥ h∂n-cn-°p∂
]∂n-I-fmtWm \n߃ F∂v tNmZn-®p-sIm≠v Ahsc A[n-t£-]n®p
176 B\-∏m∏n
kwkm-cn-®p. DSs\ apl-Ω-Zo-b¿°v FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ sIm≠p-h∂
N´-ºn-I-fmWv Ch¿ F∂p a\-n-em-bn. ]m∏nbpw Iq´cpw Nmb-°-S-
bn¬ \n∂v t]mIp-∂-Xp-hsc apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ t£m`w HXp°n an≠m-Xn-
cp-∂p.
Xßsf ]∂n-Iƒ F∂p hnfn®p ]cn-l-kn-®Xv A∂sØ ap…o-
ap-Isf kw_-‘n®p hfsc A]-am-\-I-c-amb Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah-cpsS kap-Zm-bsØ apgp-h-\mbn Ah-tl-fn®p kwkm-cn-°p∂
B kwt_m-[\ Ah-cn¬ h√mØ hmin Df-hm-°n. C\nbpw CXv
XpS¿∂m¬ ]m∏n-bp-ambn C°mcyw tNmZn-°m≥ Xs∂ Ah¿ Xocp-
am-\n-®p. Ipsd hSn-Iƒ Ah¿ Icp-Xn. Nmb-°-S-bpsS kao]w Ah
aW-en¬ Ipgn am¥n C´v ad-®p-sh-®p. ]nt‰∂p aq∂p-aWn Ign-™-
t∏mƒ Ch¿ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ ]Xn-hp-t]mse h∂n-cp-∂p. Iptd-t\cw
Ign-™-t∏mƒ ]m∏nbpw Iq´cpw aW¬∏p-d-sØ-Øn. Ah¿ Nmb-
IpSn-°m≥ Nmb-°-S-bn-tebv°v Ib-dn. XpS¿∂v Ccp-Iq-´cpw H∂pw
c≠pw ]d™p hg°p aqØp. apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ s]s´∂v NmSn-bn-dßn
Ipgn-®n-´n-cp∂ hSn-Iƒ FSpØv ASn- Xp-S-ßn. s]s´-∂p-≠mb Cu
BI-aWw ]m∏n-sbbpw Iq´-scbpw A‘m-fn-∏n-®p. ]m∏nbpsS Iq´-
Øn-ep≠mbn-cp-∂-h¿ aW¬∏p-d-Øp-\n∂v HmSn-°-f-™p. ASn apgp-
h≥ \njv]-bmkw XS-™p-sIm≠v A`ym-kn-bmb ]m∏n H´pw Iqk-
en-√msX ]pdw-Xn-cn-bmsX Hgn-ap-d-bn¬ ]pd-tIm v \S-∂p. F∂m¬ Kl-
∏n-gbv°v B‰p-a-W-en¬ Po¿Æn®v apI-fn-tem´p \n∂n-cp∂ Hcp
sXßn≥Ip-‰n-bn¬ ]m∏n-bpsS Imep X´n, s]s´∂v ]pd-tIm´p H∂p
Xncn-™p. DS≥ Iam-ep-Zo≥ F∂ apl-Ω-Zo-b≥ \nan-jw-sIm≠v Hcp
ASn sImSp-Øp. ]m∏nbpsS Xe-bv°mWv sIm≠Xv. Xe- s]m´n ]m∏n
]pd-tIm´p adn-™p. XpS¿∂v £p`n-X-cmb Ah¿ tZl-Øn-\n´pw
ASn®p. Xe-bn¬ \n∂pw c‡w ]h-ln-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. XpS¿∂v
apk¬am-∑m¿ HmSn Hfn-®p. hnhcw Adn™ £Ww skan-\m-cn-bn¬
\n∂pw Bƒ°m¿ h∂p B\-∏m-∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-
t]mbn. th≠ ipiq-j-Iƒ sNbvXp F¶nepw B\-∏m-∏n cmXn Xs∂
acn-®p.
Cu hnhcw Adn-™-tXmsS Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse saXm≥ I£n-
°m¿ Cf-In. Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ HmSnFØn. Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ h®v
B\-∏m∏n Bk-∂-a-c-W-\mbn InS-°p-tºmƒ ""ASn-®Xv ]pcms´ ]m∏-
®≥ BsW∂v ]d-b-W-sa∂v'' ]ap-J-cn¬ Hcmƒ ]m∏n-bpsS sNhn-
bn¬ cl-ky-ambn ]d-™p. Cu apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-°m-c\pw
skan-\m-cn°p kao]w Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xp-amb kn. sP. Ipcys‚
177B\-∏m∏n
tPyjvTs‚ aI≥ ]m∏-®s‚ t]cv Cßs\ Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw sNbvXm¬
tIkn\v _ew IqSp-at√m F∂m-bn-cp∂p FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS Dt±-iyw.
aPn-kvtS‰v ÿeØv h∂v B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS samgn FSp-Øp. ]m∏n
samgn-bn¬ ]d™Xv ]´m-Wn-Iƒ Xs∂ ASn®p F∂m-Wv. ]m∏n acn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kw`hw tI´-dn™v saXm≥ I£n-bn¬s∏´ hf-
sc-b-[n-Iw-t]¿ apk¬am-∑msc \ntbm-Kn® A°-c-°msc FSp-°Ww
F∂-e-dn-s°m≠v A°c IS-hn-tebv°v \oßn. AhnsS _mhm-I-£n-
Iƒ Bbp-[-ß-fp-ambn \nc-∂p-\n¬°p-∂-Xp- I≠v ]pe`yw ]d-™-
tijw Xncn-®p-t]m-bn. taØ-∑msc sIm≠p-h∂v saXm-®s\ sIm∂n v
tIkv FXn-cn-√msX Pbn-°p-hm≥ sNbvX ]hr-Øn-bmbn Nne¿ Zpjv-
]-N-cWw \S-Øn. F¶nepw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Iq´cpw AX hnUvVn-
I-fm-Wv F∂v Bcpw Icp-Xp-I-bn-√-t√m. FXn-cm-fnsb sIm∂m¬ tIkv
Pbn-°p-sa-¶n¬ FX Ffp-∏-amWv Imcy-߃. ]∂n-Isf F∂ hnfn-
bn¬ Hc-Sn-sIm-≠Xv ac-W-tl-Xp-hm-bn. B kw`hw _mhm-I-£n-
°m¿°v tIkn\p hfsc _p≤n-ap-´p -h-cp-Øn.
tIkn\p _e-ambn GXm-bmepw skan-\mcn°p kao]w Xma-kn-
°p∂ ]m∏-®s\ H∂mw ]Xn-bm-°Ww F∂pw Hcp Znh-k-sa-¶nepw
Pbn-en¬ AS-bv°Ww F∂pw saXm≥ I£n-°m¿ iTn-®p. ]m∏-
®\v Ipsd-°mew Hfn-hn¬ Ign-tb≠n h∂p. kn. sP. Ipcys\ Hcp
tIkn¬ t]meo-kn¬ ]nSn-∏n-°m≥ t\csØ iaw \S-Øn-bXv hnP-
bn-®n-√. B sshcmKyw ]m∏-®s\ AdÃp sNøn-®p Xo¿°-W-sa-∂m-
bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS X¥w. Cu ]Xn-Im-chpw hnP-bn-®n-√. ]m∏-®≥
Ipsd amk-߃ hoSp-I-fn¬ amdn amdn Hfn-hn¬ Xma-kn-®p. Hcp Znhkw
aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬ Pmay-°-®o´v h®v Pmay-Øn¬ Cdßn ]Xn-
ÿm-\Øp \n∂p amdn. B\-∏m-∏n-t°kv \S-∂p. 38 t]sc ]Xn-I-fm-
°n-bmWv t]meokv tIkv Nm¿Pv sNbvX-Xv. tIkv hnNm-cW \S-∂p.
]m∏nsb BcmWv ASn-®-sX∂v hy‡-ambn sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-™n√,
tIkv sXfn-hn-√msX t]mbn.
ta¬∏-d™ ]e Imc-W-ß-fm¬ hc-hn¬ IqSp-X¬ sNehv h¿-
≤n®p. XpS¿∂p ]m∏-®\p IS-߃ h¿≤n-®p. ISw ho´p-∂-Xn-te-°mbn
300 ]d \new, sNß-f-°m- nse hoXw, Xncp-\-°-c-am-fnI F∂nh In´nb
Ipd™ hnebv°v ssXØ-d-°m¿°v sImSp-Øp. ]md-bv°¬ ]pc-bn-
S-Øn¬ Htc-°¿, Icn-bw-]m-Sw, tImSn-aX \new, saXm≥ Imb¬
CXbpw sIm®p-]m∏n hey-∏\pw sImSp-Øp. icn-bmbn hne
t]imt\m, ]pdØp hne tNmZn®p Adn-bmt\m A∂sØ ImeØv
an\-s°-´n-√.
178 B\-∏m∏n
im¥\pw ho´p-Im¿°pw \m´p-Im¿°pw ]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏-
®s\ Kl-∏ng F∂-hÆw CS-s]-tS≠n h∂ kap-Zm-b-t°kpw B\-
∏m-∏n-t°kpw am\-kn-I-am-bpw, imco-cn-I-am-bpw, kmº-Øn-I-ambpw
Xf¿Øn. ]m∏-®≥ 45˛mw hb-n¬ acn-®p. acn-°m-dm-b-t∏mƒ aq∂p
a°-sfbpw ASp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ sIm®m∏n hey-∏s\ G¬∏n-®p.
ÿe-߃ ]eXpw hn‰p F¶nepw IS-sa√mw Xo¿Øn-´mWv acn-®-
sX∂v At±-l-Øn\p a\x-k-am-[m-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m∏-®s‚ ac-W-
tijw `mcy B®n-bΩ aq∂p -am-k-°mew ]pcm´p Xma-kn-®p. B®n-
b-Ωbpw tcmKn-bm-bn. XpS¿∂v Bbn-cq¿°v t]mbn hni-an-°m-sa∂p
IcpXn B®n-b-Ω-bpsS ]nXmhv amthen A®≥ h≈-hp-ambn h∂v
aI-sfbpw aq∂v sIm®p-a-°-sfbpw Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. `¿Ømhv
acn®v 10 amkw Ign-™v 1920 sk]v‰w-_¿ 3˛mw XobXn Abn-cq¿ h®v
B®n-b-Ωbpw \ncym-X-bm-bn.
kn. sP. Ipcys‚ A¥y-Imew
sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏nf Fgp-Xp-∂p: saXm≥ ]£-°m¿ tXm‰-
Xns‚ KpWw ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ t\cn´ kml-Ncy
]cn-h¿Ø-\-߃ kn. sP. Ipcys\ Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn¬ _m[n-®-
Xn\p ZrjvSm-¥-ambn Hcp kw`-h-IY tI´n-´p-≠v. tImgn-a-Æn¬ Znhm≥
_l-Zq¿ hn. hdp-Ko-kns‚ A\p-P\pw tIm´-bØv k¿°m¿ h°o-ep-
am-bn-cp∂ tXmakv hdp-Kokv ]d™p tI´Xm-Wv.
tSm∏n-°¬ πmt‚-j≥kv Iº\n kw_-‘n®v ]mem-ºSw ]n. Sn.
tXmakv h°oepw ]n. Fw. amWnbpw XΩn-ep-≠mb X¿°-Øn¬
tUm. hdp-Kokv Be-∏p-g-bnse ]kn≤ h°o-em-bn-cp∂ IrjvW-ø-
¶m¿, kn. sP. Ipcy≥ BZn-bm-b-h¿ amWn-bpsS hi-Øm-bn-cp-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ Iº-\n-bpsS Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Uv ao‰nwKv Be-∏pg Sn. _n.
bn¬ IqSn. AXn¬ kw_-‘n-°m≥ h∂ Ub-d-IvS-d-∑m-cp-sS- Iq-´-
Øn¬ tUm. h¿Ko-kpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sNdp-∏-
Øn¬ Ah-cn-cp-hcpw kl-]-mTn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j-߃ Ipsd-b-[nIw
Ign-™n- mWv Ccp-hcpw I≠p-ap- p-∂-Xv. BZy-Im-eØv \√ ]k-cn∏pw
Btcm-Ky-ku-jvThhpw XnI-™n-cp∂ Ipcy≥ At∏m-tg°v ico-chpw
a\pw £oWn®v Ah-i-\mbn ImW-s∏-´p. CX £oWn-®-Xn-s\¥p
ImcWw F∂v tUmIvS¿ hdp-Kokv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ, kap-Zm-b-t°-kp-
Ifpw hg-°p-Ifpw sIm≠v Xs‚ ico-c-Øn\pw a\-n-\p-ap-≠m-bn-
´p≈ t¢i-ß-fmWv CXn\p Imc-W-sa∂pw X\n°v A]m-c-amb
£oWw tXm∂p-∂p-sh∂pw kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]d-™p. Xs‚ Btcm-
Ky-ÿnXn ]cn-tim-[n®v Hcp hnZ-Kv≤-m- n-]mbw ]d-b-W-sa∂pw tUmIvS-
179B\-∏m∏n
tdmSv At]-£n-®p. tUmIvS¿ At∏mƒ Xs∂ At±-lsØ ]cn-tim-
[n-®n´v cl-ky-ambn ]d-™p. ""sIm®p-Ipt™ (A-Xm-bn-cp∂p kn.
sP. Ipcys‚ Hma-\-t∏-cv) D≈-Xp-]-d-b-s´, sIm®p-Ip-™n\v C\n
A[nIw Bbp-p≈ e£Ww ImWp-∂n-√. C\n-sb-¥n-\mWv sIm®p-
Ip-t™, Cu kap-Zmbhg°pw høm-th-en-bp-sams° XpS-cp-∂Xv? Cu
Ah-km-\-Im-e-sØ-¶nepw AXp aXn-bm°n kzÿ-ambn Ccn-°q.''
Cu hg°v Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ GXp hn´p-
hogvNbv°pw Xm≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂pw tIkn-\p-th≠n Xm≥ sNe-hm-
°nb henb XpI In´n-bm¬ kIe hg°pw hn´p-amdmw F∂pw kn.
sP. adp-]Sn ]d-™p. tUmIvS¿, ""saXm-t∏m-eoØm B XpIbpw
AXn-e-∏p-dhpw Xcm≥ kΩ-Xn®p F∂pw sIm®p-Ip-™mWv AXn¬
hnk-ΩXw ImWn-®-sX∂pw BWt√m Rm≥ tI´Xv.''
tUmIvS¿ tI´Xp icn-bm-sW∂p ]›m-Ø-]-kq-N-I-ambn kΩXw
aqfn. tUmIvS¿, saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSp ]d-™m¬ Imcyw Ct∏m-
sg-¶nepw Xocpw F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v tUmIvS-tdmSv Aßs\ sNøm≥
At]-£n-®p. tUmIvS¿ AXv G‰p. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, sIm®n-bnse
No^v saUn-°¬ Hm^o-kdpw alm-cm-Pm-hns\ Znh-tk\ ]cn-tim-[n-
t°≠ Npa-X-e-bp≈ Bfpw F∂ \nebv°v tUm. hdp-Ko-kn\p saXm-
t∏m-eo-Ømsb sN∂p ImWp-hm≥ As∂m∂pw Ah-kcw e`n-®n-√.
At∏m-tg°pw kn. sP. Ipcy≥ Nn¥n-°m\pw kw`m-jWw
sNøm\pw Akm-[y-ambhn[-Øn¬ Bk-∂-a-c-W-\mbn Ign-™n-
cp∂p. 1924 am¿®v 2˛\v 64˛mw hbn¬ Ipcy≥ A¥cn®p.
Ipcy≥ ssd´dpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw
^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥, kn. sNdn-bm≥ F∂n-h¿ cNn® \km-
Wn-tI-kcn A°c Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy-
s\-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWp-I:
Ipcy≥ ssd´dpsS kw`h_lpeamb PohnXIYbnse Hcp ]-
[m\ IYm]mXamWv kn. sP. Ipcy≥. ssd´dpsS tPyjvT ktlm-
Zc\mb Del∂m®s‚ ZznXob ]pX\mbn 1862 ¬ A°cØdhm´n¬
Ct±lw PmX\mbn. _meyw apX¬Xs∂ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bcm[-
\m]mXambncp∂p Ipcy≥ ssd´¿. ssd´¿°v Ipcyt\mSv ]pX\n¿∆n-
tijamb kvt\lamWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. ktlmZc]pX≥ F∂Xn-
ep]cn ssd´dpsS BflanXhpw k¥XklNmcnbpw ImcyZ¿inbpw
F√mambncp∂p kn. sP. Ipcy≥. kapZmbt\Xmhv, cmPyImchnim-
180 B\-∏m∏n
cZ≥ F∂o Xeßfn¬ ]n¬°meØv ]ikvX\mIphm≥ kn. sP.
Ipcy\p km[n®Xv ssd´dpsS D]tZihpw in£Whpw sIm≠mWv.
A_vZp≈m ]mXnb¿°okns‚ BKa\Øn\ptijw ae¶c kap-
Zmbw _mhmI£nbpw saXm≥ I£nbpambn tNcnXncn™t∏mƒ
_mhmI£nbpsS A\ntj[y t\Xmhv kn. sP. Ipcy\mbncp∂p.
kn. sP. Ipcy\v tIhew A©v hbp amXw ]mbap≈t∏mƒ
sIm®nbn¬ t]mbn ssd´tdmsSmØv Xmakw XpSßn. AhnsS
Xmakn®psIm≠mWv hnZym`ymkw \n¿∆ln®Xv. ssd´dpsS `mKn-
t\b\pw kn. sP. Ipcys‚ kahbkvI\pamb C. sP. tPmWpw
AhnsS Xmakn®p ]Tn®ncp∂p. sIm®nbnse ]T\Øn\p tijw Nmh-
°m´p≈ t_m¿Unßv kvIqfnepw AXns\ XpS¿∂v Xncph\¥]p-
cØpambncp∂p hnZym`ymkw. ChcpsS ]T\Øn\p th≠n ssd´¿
Xncph\¥]pcØv Hcp sI´nSw hmßpIbp≠mbn. ][m\ \Kcß-
fnse√mw F√m kpJkuIcyßfpap≈ _w•mhpIƒ Ipcy≥
ssd´¿°v kz¥ambp≠mbncp∂p. Xncph\¥]pcØv Ipcy≥
ssd´dpsS XmakØn\pth≠n hmßnbXv ]pfnaqSn\p kao]ap≈
F¬. Fw. Fkv. hI sI´nSamWv. ]n∂oSv Cu sI´nSw F¬. Fw.
Fkv. Im¿°v Xncn®p sImSpØp. saSn°ptej≥ ]mkmb tijw
kn. sP. Ipcy\v ssd´dpsS \n¿t±i]Imcw ]T\w \n¿tØ≠n h∂p.
Xs‚ hyhkmb kwcw`Øn¬ Ipcys\°qSn ]¶mfnbm°pI
F∂Xmbncp∂p ssd´dpsS e£yw. ]nXrhys‚ BKl]Imcw
Aßs\ kn. sP. Ipcy\pw hyhkmb cwKØp h∂p. sIm®nbnepw
Nmh°m´pambn ]c∂p InS∂ hyhkmb kmamPyw `cn°phm≥
Du¿÷zkze\mb Ipcys\ e`n®Xv ssd´¿°v AXy¥w
Bizmk]Zambncp∂p. hyhkmbw, ]X]h¿Ø\w Ch IqSmsX
kapZmbImcyßfn¬ ]q¿Æambn apgpIn IgnbpI \nanØw Ipcy≥
ssd´¿ hniaw Fs¥∂dn™n√. Ipcy\pw ssd´dpambn D≠mbncp∂
]tXyIamb _‘Ønte°v shfn®w hoip∂ c≠p IØpIƒ
ChnsS D≤cn°s´. BZysØ IØv kn. sP Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥
ssd´¿°v Nmh°m´p \n∂pw 1060 CShw 22 ˛\p FgpXnbXmWv:
""Fs‚ ]nbs∏´ sIm®p∏m∏bv°v, Rm≥ ChnsS h∂n v A©mdp
ZnhktØmfambn. CtXhscbpw tImSXnbn¬ sI´nshbvt°≠
]WØns‚ XpI CXsb∂v At\zjn°pIbmbncp∂p. IqSmsX
tXßm hnevt°≠Xnte°v BfpIsf BI¿jn°pIbpambncp∂p.
F∂m¬ BZy hn[nbpw, kvs]jy¬ hn[nbpw CtXhsc ChnsS
h∂n´n√mØXn\m¬ ASbvt°≠ XpI CXsb∂v Xn´s∏-
181B\-∏m∏n
SpØphm≥ ]bmksa∂pw, h∂mepSs\ Xn´s∏SpØn Abbv°m-
sa∂pw C∂v tKmhnµtat\m≥ ]d™ncn°p∂p. aq∂p \mep Znhk-
Øn\Iw hcpsa∂pw ]d™ncn°p∂p. XpI GItZiw aq∂p tImS-
XnIfntebpw Nnehpƒs∏sS c≠mbncØnsbgp∂qdv Ddp∏nItbmfw
ImWpsa∂mWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. Xn´adnbp∂Xn\v hn[n tIm¿´n-
te°p hcmsX s]mØphcnØw C√. hntijn®pw tXßm
hnevt°≠ Imcyw Rm≥ ChnSßfn¬ F∂p Xs∂b√m tIm´∏Sn,
]mhd´n, ]mebq¿ apXemb ÿeßfnepw At\zjn®n v BbncØn\v
18, 18 1/2 Ddp∏nIbn¬ Iq´nsbSp°p∂ BfpIfn√. HcpØ\pw
C√mØXn\m¬ Rm≥ hfsc hyk\n®p. Ignbp∂nStØmfw
ChnsSbp≠mIp∂Xv Ign®v AhnsS \n∂pw hcpØp∂Xv F∂p
hcpInepw H∂m¥cw sIm´tØß 18 Ddp∏nI hnebv°v
hnev°p∂Xn\v Rm≥ hfsc aSn°p∂p. \mep amkw IqSn Ign™v
28 Ddp∏nI, 30 Ddp∏nI hne hbv°p∂ tXßmbmWv. AXn\m¬
GXphn[w sNøWsa∂pw Ddp∏nI Abbv°p∂ hnhcØn\pw DSs\
FgpXn Abbv°Ww. Fs‚ ]£w Ddp∏nI 2700 AhnsS \n∂pw
Xev°mew Ab®v hn[nISw ASbv°Wsa∂mWv. As√¶n¬ Bbnc-
Ønt∑¬ 10 Ddp∏nI \jvSap≠v. C\n AhnSpsØ CjvSwt]mse
]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v Rm≥ Hcpßnbncn°pIbmWv.
]ns∂bpw sIm®p∏m∏≥ Idp∏v IpØI ]nSnbv°p∂Xntebv°v
Xncph\¥]pcØn\v t]mIp∂p F∂p tI´Xn¬ Rm≥ hfsc hyk-
\n°p∂p. Rm≥ AhnsS ]dbp∂Xn\v tbmKy\s√¶nepw Cu
hbpImeØv C\nbpw D≠mIm\ncn°p∂ _p≤nap´nt\bpw ]bm-
ktØbpw Ipdn®p amXw FgpXp∂XmWv. RßfpsS XmXv]cyw
\nßfn\nbpw kpJambn´ncp∂v RßfpsS ]bXv\ßsf I≠v
kt¥mjn°pIbpw \n߃ \SØnbXpw \SØp∂Xpw Bb
ÿnXnbn¬ Bdns\mtcmlcn \SØphm≥ ]m]vX∑m¿ As√¶nepw
tIƒhntZmjØn\nShcmsX \n߃ Rßsf G¿s∏SpØnbncn-
°p∂Xpw G¿s∏SpØp∂Xpamb ImcymZnIƒ At\zjn®v \nßsf
kt¥mjn∏n®v A\pKlw hmßn°pIbpw sNøWsa∂mWv. AXp-
sIm≠v sIm®p∏m∏≥ IpØIbv°mbn´v ian®p t]mIp∂Xn¬
Rm≥ hfsc hyk\n°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ D≈ tPmenIƒ HXp°n
D≈XpsIm≠v am\tØmsS Ccn°p∂Xn\v ssZhw Xncpa\mbn´p-
≈t∏mƒ sIm®p∏m∏≥ C\nbpw _p≤nap´n \S°Wsa∂n√t√m.
sIm®p∏m∏≥ CtXhscbpw Hcp Znhksa¶nepw kmhImitØm-
SpIqSn Ccp∂p I™n IpSn® Znhkan√t√m. AXv buh\ImeØn¬
a\pw ico-chpw Hcp-an®v sNø-mhp∂ Ime-Øn¬ F∂p hnNmcn°mw.
182 B\-∏m∏n
F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Cu hbpImeØv a\v sN√p∂nSØv tZlw
sN√mØ ImeØn¬ henb `mc߃ Igptج G‰v I™nbpw
sh≈hpw kpJambn´ncp∂v IpSn°m≥ ]mSn√msX hcp∂Xn¬ Rß-
ƒ°v FXtbm hnjaap≠v. AXn\m¬ Ignbpsa¶n¬ IpØI ]nSn-
°msX t]mcWsa∂v Rm≥ ho≠pw ho≠pw AhnsS At]£n-
°p∂p. CXsbms° FgpXnbXv AhntSbv°v C\nbpw D≠mIp∂
_p≤nap´nt\bpw ]bmktØbpw Ipdn®p≈ Fs‚ at\mhyk\w
D≠mIsIm≠v apjn®n¬ hnNmcn°cpsX∂v Rm≥ ho≠pw ho≠pw
At]£n°p∂p. F\n°v tIm´bØp \n∂pw t]mcptºmƒ \me©p
Znhkw ]\nbmbn InS∂p t]mbn. AhnsS F√mhcpsSbpw icoc-
kpJØn\pw ]Wabbv°p∂ hnhcØn\pw Rm≥ \St°≠pw-
Ia߃°pw FgpXn Abbv°Wsa∂v At]£n°p∂p.''
Cu FgpØn\v Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ Ab® adp]Sn CXmWv: ""22˛\p
FgpXn Ab®Xpw 30˛\p tKmhnµtat\m≥ FgpXn Ab®Xpw C-
hnsS In´n Adn™p. Ipº\gnIØpImcpsS hn[nISØnte°v s\-
√mbn´pw \mfntIcambn´pw hn‰mse¥p In´psa∂v Xn´s∏SpØphm≥
t]mbn´p h∂ FgpØpIƒ sIm≠v a\n\v Hcp kam[m\hpamIp-
∂n√. B ISØntebv°v apX¬ AhnSw sIm≠p Xs∂ D≠mIp∂X-
√msX ChnsS D≠mIphm≥ ]bmkhpw D≠m°pI F∂p h®m¬
hnΩn´hpw \n\°v Ipdhpw F∂v ]dtb≠nbncn°p∂p. \ns‚ Imcy-
hnNmcØn¬ \n∂pw apXsem∂pw D≠mIp∂Xs√¶n¬ hkvXp
]Wbw sImSpØv taSn®v Imcyw \SØpIbpw Ccn∏p Nc°pw,
taem¬ D≠mIp∂ Nc°pw CXpIsf sIm≠v B hI ISw Xo¿Øv
hkvXp XncnsI hmßpIbpw sNøm\p≈ ISa \ns‚ taencn°p∂p.
ChnsS \n∂pw D≠m°n Ab∏m≥ ]dbp∂Xpw \n\°v Ffp∏w
Xs∂. tIm´bØv Bbn´pw ChnsS Bbn´pw D≈ _p≤nap´v
Adnhn√mØ Hcphs\t∏mse \o FgpXnbncn°p∂p. AhnSpsØ
Nc°p hn¬°p∂Xv Ign®v th≠n h∂m¬ ]tØm Bbnctam Ab-
bv°msa∂mbncp∂p t]mIptºmƒ ]d™Xns‚ XmXv]cyw.
AXpsIm≠v B hn[nISw Xo¿t°≠ NpaXe \ns‚ ta¬
h®ncn°p∂p. hkvXp ]WbsagpXp∂Xntebv°v Fs‚ ap‡nbm¿
cPnÿ th≠p∂Xn\v ]I¿∏v Ab®m¬ Rm≥ H∏n´v cPnÿ
sNbvXv Ab®pXcmw. ISw hmßp∂ apX¬ Bdp amkØn\Iw
]ncnhpIfpw sIm≠pw a‰pw Xo¿°mat√m. CXv \ns∂s°m≠v
km[n°ptam C√tbm F∂v aS°Ø]m¬ am¿§w adp]Sn
Abbv°Ww.
183B\-∏m∏n
hn[n h∂ncp∂m¬ kwJybpw Adnbn°Ww. IpØI teeØn\v
tKmhnµtat\ms\ Ab®ncp∂p. c≠mgvNh´tØbv°v teew \n¿Øn
h®Xmbn FgpØpw Iºnbpw h∂p. tKmhnµtat\m≥ XncnsI FØn-
bn√. \º¿ C∂p hn[n°pw. hkvXphnt∑¬ NpaØnb√msX \ΩpsS
ta¬ ÿm]n®p hcpIbn√ (CXv BZysØ h´n∏Wt°kn¬
Be∏pg Pn√bnse hn[nsb∏‰nbmWv). \ns‚ FgpØns‚ HSphn-
esØ mKw ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂bpw hmbn®p. FgpØnse hmNI]pjv-
Snt]mse Imcyw \SØp∂ a°fp≠mbncp∂m¬ R߃ FX `m-
Kyap≈hcmbncps∂∂v amXw hnNmcn®v kam[m\s∏SpIbpw
RßfpsS XebnsegpXnb]Imcw cm]Ien√msX A≤zm\n®v \n-
ßsf kpJtØmsS CcpØmsa∂v Ddbv°pIbpw sNøp∂XpsIm≠v
ImcymZnIƒ°v hogvN IqSmsX \S°psa∂mWv Fs‚ A`n]mbw''
(1060 anYp\w 3).
(\km-Wn-tI-kcn A°c Ipcy≥ ssd´¿, t]Pv 231-˛235)
Ipcy≥ ssd´-dpsS kºmZyw
kn. sP. Ipcy≥ kz¥-am-°n-sb∂v!
""acWØn\p apºv ssd´¿ tPyjvT≥ Del∂m®\pambn hkvXp-
hIIƒ hoXn°p∂Xns\°pdn®v kwkmcn®ncp∂p. Ipcy≥ ssd´¿
kºmZn® kzØp°ƒ apgph\pw Del∂m®s‚ t]cn¬ Bbncp∂p.
kzØp°ƒ `mKw hbv°p∂ ImcyØn¬ Del∂m®≥ bmsXmcp
XmXv]cyhpw ImWn®n√. Xm≥ ]nXrXpeyw kvt\ln®ncp∂
tPyjvT≥ Del∂m≥ Xs‚ A`n]mbsØ \ncmIcn®Xnep≠mb
BLmXw At±lØn\p Xmßmhp∂Xn¬ IqSpXembncp∂p. Cu
BLmXamWv At±lØns‚ s]s´∂p≈ acWØn\v ImcWsa∂v
kwibn°mhp∂XmWv. kzØp°fpsS `mKw hbv]v Del∂m®s‚
acWw hscbpw (1905) \S∂ncp∂n√'' (\km-Wn-tI-kcn A°c
Ipcy≥ ssd´¿, t]Pv 193-˛194)
Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ acn®v 90˛mw Znhkw At±lØns‚ ]Xv\nbpw
\ncymXbmbn. PohnXImeØp Xs∂ c≠p s]¨a°tfbpw sI´n-
®b®ncp∂p. GI]pX≥ Ip™q™n\v ]Xn\mev hbkv ]mbambn-
cp∂p. Ip™q™v AΩm®\mbncp∂ ]p∂≥ PUvPnbpsS H∏w Xma-
kn®v ]Tn°pIbmbncp∂p. ]nXmhp acn®Xns\ XpS¿∂v At±lw
]TnØw aXnbm°n A°c IpSpw_Øn¬ Xmakw XpSßn. 21 hb-
mbt∏mƒ At±lw I√S apXemfnbpsS ktlmZcn A°mΩsb
hnhmlw Ign®p. AXn\ptijw henb]dºnte°p Xmakw am‰n.
184 B\-∏m∏n
Xs‚ ]nXrktlmZc≥ acn°p∂Xp hscbpw ho´psNehn\p≈ hI
FØn®ncp∂p. ...
1905˛am≠v ]nXrktlmZc≥ acn®Xn\p tijw henb]dºn¬
]pcbnShpw, Xncp\°c Hcp sI´nShpw Ip∂pw]pdØp≈ ÿehpw
]mShpw Ip™pIp™n\v CjvSZm\ambn sImSp°pIbp≠mbn
(\km-Wn-tI-kcn A°c Ipcy≥ ssd´¿, t]Pv 239, 242).
Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ kºm-Zn-®-Xn¬ \n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ aI\p In´n-
bXv CX-am-X-am-Wv. _m°n apgp-h\pw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw ktlm-Z-c-
ßfpw kz¥-am-°n-sb-∂mWv ssd´-dpsS a-I≥ Ipcy≥ sNdn-bms‚
Bdp- ]p-X-∑m-cn¬ \mem-asØ ]pX-\mb kn. tImc (]m∏-®≥)- bpsS
c≠m-asØ ]pX-\mb kn. sNdn-bm≥ cNn® Cu KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-
∂-Xv. ssd´-dpsS aI≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]pd-In¬ Dd®p
\n∂Xpw CXpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv hmbn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse
ap…o-߃ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-
ta\n ssd´-dpsS aI≥ Ip™pIp™nt\mSv ]d™v Ah-cpsS t\Xm-
hns\ hcpØn kwkm-cn-°p∂ kw`hw Cu KŸ-Øn¬ Xs∂-bp-
≈Xv ImWp-I. 1087 Nnßw 22˛\v tIm´-bØv Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-
bn¬ IqSnb ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥
Ip∂pw]pdØv Ipcy≥ sNdn-bms\ A¬am-b-S-Ãn-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-
Øp-sh-¶nepw At±lw B ÿm\w kzoI-cn-°msX h∂-Xns\ XpS¿-
∂mWv tIm -bØv Nnd-°-S-hn¬ tImcpf G_-lm-ans\ B ÿm\Øv
\nb-an-®-Xv.
I≈v, Id-∏v, I©mhv F∂n-h-bpsS Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿, sIm®n, ae-
_m¿ ]tZ-i-ß-fpsS IpØ-I°mc\m-bn-cp∂p Ipcy≥ ssd´¿
F∂mWv Poh-N-cnX KŸ-Øn¬ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXv ]q¿Æ-
ambpw icn-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Cu cmPy-ß-fnse Nne ]tZ-i-
ß-fpsS IpØI amX-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p. F¥m-
bmepw a\p-jys\ \in-∏n-°p∂ Chbn¬ \n∂pw Ipcy≥ ssd´dpw
kn. sP. Ipcy\pw kºm-Zn-®Xp apgp-h≥ ae-¶-c-k`m tIkv Ifn®v
\in∏n-®p.
h´t»cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apS°v Xo¿Øp-sIm≠v Gen-bmkv
]mXn-b¿°okv Gen-bmkv am¿ bqen-tbm-kns‚ ssIbn¬ sImSp-
Øp-hn-´n-cp∂ Iev]\ sjm¿Wq¿ dbn¬th tÃj-\n¬ h®v ]Ww
sImSpØv kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Hcp A\p-bmbn hmßn-®n-cp-∂p (ae-¶c
\km-Wn-Iƒ hmeyw 4, Fw.-H.-kn. ]Xn-∏v, 2015, t]Pv 424-˛425). Cu
Iev]\ Ipcys‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-ep-s≠∂pw AXv Imc-W-amWv
IpSpw_w \in-°m-\n-S-bm-b-sX∂pw ]_-e-amb ]d-®n-ep≠v.