Absolutism

Absolutism

11.AbsolutismDefinition- An absolute monarch is a king or queen with absolute power (total control)

2Akbar the Great India

Developed one of Indias Golden Ages- time of peace and wealth

G.A . made a peaceful and prosperous life for Indians of that time period.

Dont Write3Ferdinand and Isabella Spain

They sponsored the voyages of Columbus

They discoveries of Columbus brought great wealth and power to spain

Dont write4Charles VLed the resistance against the invading Ottoman Empire.

Kept Western Europe out of control of the Ottoman Empire.

He gave up his titles and divided his empire. His son Philip would take control of Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy, and the Spanish overseas.

Dont Write52.Phillip IISpain 1556- 1598

A. Spent Spain's new wealth defending Catholicism in Europe during Reformation and counter Reformation

B. Spain loses power and becomes weaker nation again.

6Absolute Monarch/ Divine Right A. Philip II became Absolute Monarch, complete authority over govt and people.

B. Divine Right- believed his rule came from God. 7

Philips II Empire A. Seizes Portugal 1580.

B. Gold and silver from Americas make Spain extremely wealthy.

8Defender of Catholicism A. Philip defends Catholicism against Muslims Protestants

B. Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at Lepanto in 1571

C. Spanish Armada defeated by British in 1588

Philip II and wife Queen Anne MarieB. Although Christians feel this was a great victory at Lepanto, Ottomans still remained a major power in the Mediterranean for centuries

C. Spanish Armanda- Philips attack against Elizabeth I who was his chief protestant enemy. Elizebth encouraged english captains known as sea dogs to plunder Spanish treasure ships. Francis drake most famous sea dog looted Spanish cities in the Americas. Philip answered by by preapring a huge Armada or feet to carry a Spanish invasion to England. Armada sailed with 130 ships 20000 men 2400 pieces of artillery. The armada ended up losing to faster lighter English ships and devastating storms hurt the Armada aswell.

Picture of is sculpture from tomb of Philip II. He was a devout Cathlic. His desire to be absolute ruler ofeten led him to get involved in church policy. Went as far as to tell spanish bishops what to wear. 9Golden AgeA. From 1550 to 1650 called Spains Siglo de Oro or golden century

B. Philip was a patron of the arts and also founded academies of science and mathC. Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, the first European novel. It makes fun Spain's Feudal past.

10Spanish Empire DeclinesInflation weakens Spain's Economy Tax on lower class prevents development of middle classSpain buys goods abroad which makes Spain's enemies rich

11Absolutism in FranceThere were religious wars between the Huguenots(French protestants) and the catholic majority. 1560-1590

Dont Write12- St.Bartholomews Day Massacre (1572) 3,000 Huguenots slaughtered

13

Protestant that converts to CatholicismEdict of Nantes- 1589 gives religious tolerance and protects HuguenotsGoal- heal France. He was assassinated in 1610 stabbed by a fanatic who went into his royal carriage.

Henry IVDont Write14Henry IVs Tomb

- He was assassinated in 161015

Cardinal Richelieu- became king but was weak. Appointed Richelieu asLouis XIIIminister. Richelieu was a cunning, capable leader who spent next 18 years strengthening the monarchs power. He ran France.Dont Write163.Louis XIVFrance 1643- 1715 A. Ruled for 72 years. Takes throne age 5. Cardinal Mazarin takes control until Louis is 18.

B. Tax the poor people not the rich.

C. Used tax money to build Place of Versailles

D. To much economic pressure on poor- many starved.

17Weakens nobles authority A. Louis takes control in 1661B. Appoints intendantsgovernment agentsto collect taxes

18Economic Growth A. Jean Baptiste Colbertfinance ministerhelps economy growB. In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; Huguenots flee France

19Sun King

A.Believed in divine rightB. He was called the Sun King The sun is a symbol of his power. He was the center of France like the sun is center of the solar system.C.Letat cest moi = I am the state20Versailles

Built a beautiful palace at Versailles. Lived extravagantly21

22Peter the Great Russia

Seizes power in 1696 begins to reform Russia

Russia cuts off geographically with Europe

Religious difference widen gap.

In the early 1600s Russia was still a medieval state and isolated from the west. This caused Russia to into a period of disorder and foreign invasions

Did not take control of govt til 1689Was 10 when he took the throne23Peter Visits the WestIn 1697, Peter visits western Europe to learn European waysPeter had goal of westernization. Use western Europe as a model for change

He spent hours walking the streets of European cities noting the manners and homes of the people. He visited factories and art galleries, learned anatomy from a doctor and had a dentist teach him how to pull teeth.

When he returned to Russia peter brought back a group of technical experts, teachers, soldiers, and nobles, he recruited from the west. He then began to reshape Russia to be more like the west

Introduces potatoesStarts Russias first newspaper

24Peters ReformsBring Orthodox church under state control.Reduces power of the great landownersModernizes army by having European officers train soldiers

Peter brought all russia under his control.

Landowning nobles forced to serve state in civilian or military jobs.

Imported western technology, Improved education, simplified russian alphabet and set up academies for study for mathematics, science and engineering.

Used mercantilist policies to pay for his reforms. Mercantilism is the economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and military security of the state.

Improved waterways and canals.

Also after returning west peter insisted that nobles shave their heads and replace old fashion robes with western european cloths. He also wanted to end the practice of secluding women by setting up grand parties where upper class women and men were expected to dance together. Russian nobles resisted this mixing of sexes in public. Peter had over 1000 palace guards who revolted tortured and killed. Example of his power would be rotting corpses outside palace.

25St. PetersburgA. The great symbol of Peters desire to modernize Russia was his new capital city St. Petersburg. B. He wanted to open a window to the west

Peter wants a seaport that will make travel to West easierFights Sweden to win port on Baltic SeaIn 1703, begins building new capital called St. PetersburgBuilding city takes many years; many serfs die in process By the time of Peters death, Russia is a power to be reckoned with in Europe

26Peters LegacyExpanded Russian territory, gained ports on the Baltic sea, and created a strong army.When he died in 1703, his reforms died as well. Nobles began to ignore his policy of serving the state.His polices contributed to growth of serfdom, which widen the gap between Russia and the west.

a system in which the serf, or labourer, was not allowed to leave the land that he or she worked on

27