Upload
water-decade
View
62
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sustainable Development: Making change in the face of change
colin greenFlood Hazard Research CentreMiddlesex University Lesvos
Rainwater harvesting
irrigation
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
A
B
C
D
E
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
A
B
C
D
E
a
A
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
A
B
C
D
E
E
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
A
B
C
D
ED
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
A
B
C
D
E
B
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
A
B
C
D
E
C
A
EC
BD
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.6
-0.4
0.7
0.3
0.7
1.4-0.4
-1.4
1.1
0.1
A
EC
BD
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.6
-0.4
0.7
0.3
0.7
1.4-0.4
-1.4
1.1
0.1
fhrc
Water management as a problem domain• The nature of the hydrological cycle• The characteristics of water management
fhrc
Water as a management problem
• Allocation: don’t manufacture, share it• Provision
• Capital intensity• Economies of scale
fhrc
Aquifers - Europe
https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Wasser/Veranstaltungen/workshop_ihme_2013/
ihme1500_g.html;jsessionid=38C6B4C32A90FF4F078263DB70A5C62E.1_cid297?view=render[NeuesFenster]
Water management is always a transboundary problem
Getting closer to the technological frontier – the free lunches available
agriculture
Wef
hotels
fhrc
water use per guest per day
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Castell MalgwynCountry Estate
Hotel
Henllys (oldcourthouse)
PenbontbrenFarm Hotel
Gwydyr Hotel FalcondaleMansion Hotel
Hafod CountryHouse
Neuadd;asGuest House
hotel
before
after
Case study on cotton production
Case study on irrigation efficiencyChina almost 75 percent of the gap between predicted demand
and supply could be closed with measures offeringpayback time of 3 years or less.
fhrc
Getting closer to the technological frontier
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
deterministic stochastic
Eastern Europe
Asia
Africa
Latin America
North America
Western Europe and Oceania
0123456789
1885
1896
1907
1918
1929
1940
1951
1962
1973
1984
1995
year
ton
nes
/ha
UK wheat tonnes/ha
USA tonnes/ha
How? – pushing out the technological frontier
fhrc
Changing what?
• Policy• Behaviour
• Power: what works? How does it work?• The use of power requires rules; what rules?
• Components of power – signal, incentive, compliance
fhrc
Economic instruments as power
• Exchange• Voluntary = equal power to each party• Requires potential gain to each party
• Markets• Prices/subsidies
fhrc
Caution: in water management, prices are sometimes ineffective in changing behaviour