Access to Information for Youth and their communities in Uganda final

8/8/2019 Access to Information for Youth and their communities in Uganda final

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AccesstoInformation

ForYouthandtheirCommunities

inUgandaReportpreparedby:SethHerr,ParadoxAlley

MarchJune2010


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HandoverNotesfromMeetingwithUNICEFFellowJean-Marc

Lefebure

DigitalDrumReconstruction/InformationAccessAmajorityofwhatwasdiscussedduringthehandovermeetingwithJean-MarcLefeburewasdetailsofthedesignandmanufactureprocessoftheDrumasitcurrentlyexists(secondrevisionprototype).Jean-Marcdetailedthecurrentrevisionandwediscussedtheareasofthedesignthatcouldbeimprovedforthenextrevisions

BasicDDdesignandbuildprocessneedstobeaddressed

Waterproofing Reducekeyboardexpense Hardensolarpowerdatacollectionsystem Createout-of-bandmanagementsystem(GPRS,powermanagement) Displaybrightnessconcerns Loweroverallpowerenvelope ExplorealternativebatterychemistriesandcompareTCO/lifespan/impact

ofoperatingenvironment/availability

Overallneedstobeaddressed:

LocatesuppliersofroutinelyusedpartsinKampala Identifylocalbusinessescapableofsupportingdrumbuild,painters,metal

shops,electronictechnicians,etc. DevelopsustainablemodelforsupportandmaintenanceoftheDrum Developauser-friendlyinterfaceforDrum RefinesecurityofoperatingsystemontheDrum

WediscussedsomepossibleapproachestointeresttheprivatesectorindevelopingandmaintainingtheDrumsuchasitspotentialtobeusedasapay-per-useinternetaccesspoint,potentialuseasacellularphonechargingstationandsubsidizingproductionandoperatingexpensesthroughadvertisingonthedevice(physicalbrandingonthecase).


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SolarPowerinRuralUganda:UseCasesandRecommendations

ThepurposeofthisdocumentistodetailpotentialusecasesforsolarpowerinruralUgandaaswellasprovidingsomepurchasingrecommendationsforsolarsystemsto

suiteachusecasebasedoncurrentlyavailabletechnology.Astechnologybecomesmoreinvolvedineveryaspectofourlives,theneedforgenerationofsustainable,cleanelectricitytopowerthedeviceswerelyuponincreases.Whileadvancesarebeingmade,UgandalacksareliableelectricalutilityinfrastructurebeyondthecitiesofEntebbeandKampala,drivinganeedforsmall-scalegenerationsystems.Whilefossilfuel-basedgeneratorshaveaplaceinsomeenvironments,theyprovetobetooexpensiveanddifficulttomaintainforsmaller-scaleinstallations.Therearequiteafewsituationswherepowergenerationisrequiredbutthecostofinstalling,maintainingandfuellingatraditionalgeneratoroutweighsthebenefit.Solarpowerisasolutionperfectlysuitedforthese

installations.Thisdocumentwillfocusonthreeprimaryuse-cases:YouthCentercomputerfacilities,PrimaryteachercollegesandMaternityclinicsinruralhealthcenters.Allthreefacilitiesrequiremorepowerthanisgenerallyavailabletothemviaconventionalmeansbutrarelyhavethefundingtoinstallandupkeepfossil-fueledgeneratingsystems.ThesefacilitieshavebeenidentifiedashavingthegreatestpotentialimpactforUnicefUganda'sKeepChildrenAliveandKeepChildrenLearninginitiatives.

I.Theavailableandemergingtechnologies:Currentlyavailablesolarcollectortechnologiescanbesummarisedasbeingoftwoavailablecategories:CrystallineandThin-film.Bothhavetheiradvantagesandaresuitableforcertaininstallations.Crystallinemodulesaregenerallymoreefficient(20%-28%asopposedto7%-15%)andhavealowerpowergeneratingthresholdthanthin-filmcollectors.Thismeansthatcrystallinemoduleswilloutputuseablepowerevenonovercastdayswhereasthin-filmmodulesgenerallyrequiredirectsunlighttooutputclosetotheirratedcapacity.Anadvantageofthin-filmmodulesovercrystallinemodulesisthattheyareflexableandcanbeadaptedtomanyinstallationsnotsuitedfortraditionalmodulesorinareaswhereglass-based

modulesaresimplynotruggedenough.Developmentisunderwayonvariousformsofprintedsolarcells.Thesetechnologiesaregenerallymanufacturedusingroll-to-rollprocessingwhichallowsforlargescalerapidproductionatextremelylowcost.Printedthin-filmscanbeintegratedintobuildingtechnologiesallowingforrelativelytheftproofinstallationswithouttheadditionalcostsassociatedwithtraditionalsolarinstallations.


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Thedecisionofwhattypeoftechnologyisappropriatemustbemadeonacasebycasebasiswiththeprimaryinfluencingfactorbeingwhattechnologyiswidelyavailableatthetimeofinstallation.Historically,crystallinemoduleshavebeenthemostcommonlyimportedtechnologyinUgandaandwilllikelybethesolutionofchoiceforthenext2to5years.Itshouldbenotedthatasproductionofthin-film

androll-to-rollprintedsolarcellsincreases,thecost-per-Wattofthistechnologyshoulddramaticallydecrease.Thin-filmandprintedmodulesaremoretolerantofimpactandresistanttodamageduringshippingthancrystalinemodules,whichshouldmakethemmorewidelyavailableinthecomingyears.Itislikelythatthin-filmtechnologywillbecomeaviablereplacementinthemidtolongtermbutasitisnotcurrentlywidelyavailable,wewillfocusoncrystallinepanelsforthedurationofthisdocument.

II.Theusecases:

YouthCenters:Manyruralcommunitieshavenolibrariesandverylittleaccesstoinformation.Thepresenceofcomputerswithreadilyavailablereferencematerialsandeducationalprogramshasproventohaveasignificantlypositiveinfluenceonchildrenandyoungadult.Notonlydoeshavinginformationavailabletothemencouragelearning,theabilityofyoungpeopletofamiliarizethemselveswithcomputerswillgivethemasignificantadvantagelateroninlife.Anotherkeyelementistheprovisionoflightingtofacilitatelearningandsafetyafterdark.Thereareveryfewplacesaccessibletoyouthinruralcommunitiesthathaveartificiallightingsoschoolworkcannotbedoneaftersunsetwhichcompeteswith(andisusuallyforsakenfor)othertaskssuchaswatercollectionandhusbandry.

Installationrecommendations1DigitalDrumunit-toactasbothserverandclientaccesspoint(Powerrequirement:60W@12VDCfor1440Watthr/dayatfullloadfullruntime)2012WfluorescenttypeLEDbulb(Powerrequirement:240W@12VDCfortotalof1440Watthr/dayat6hoursofuseperdayforalllights)Thisgivesapreliminaryrequirementof~3KWhoursperdayforlaptopsandlighting.

6pcs130Wsolarpanels4pcs12VDC225AhGeldeepcyclebatteries150AmpchargecontrollerWire,switchesandcircuitbreakersasneededperinstallationandsafetycoderequirementsMountingbracketsandhardwareasneededforsolarpanels


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Expectedsolarpowersystemcosts(Preliminarycostestimatebasedonmostrecentinformation):$8,000SeeAppendixAfornotes

PrimaryTeacherColleges:PrimaryTeacherColleges(PTCs)arethestartingpointforUganda'sfutureeducators.TheeducationstudentsreceiveintheirPTCwillsetthestagefortheeducationofthousandsofUgandanchildren.ItisvitalthatthestudentsfollowingthecourseforgraduationfromtheNationalTeacherCollegeshavethebestfoundationofknowledgesotheycanbetterserveaseducatorstothethousandsofchildrenthatwillpassthroughtheirclassroomslaterinlife.AmassivejumpinthequalityofeducationstudentsinPTCsreceivecanberealizedbysimplyprovidingaccesstoeducationalmaterialsandbasiclightingforstudents.MostPTCshaveat

leastlimitedaccesstoelectricityduringtheearlyeveningbutcouldbenefitfromreliableandself-sufficientpowersystems,thiswillallowPTCstudentstoextendtheirlearningdaywellintotheeveningandprovideunprecedentedaccesstoinformationineventhemostremotePTCsinUganda.Installationrecommendations2DigitalDrumunits(1unitperapproximately150students)-(Powerrequirement:120W@12VDCfor2,880Watthr/dayatfullloadfullruntime)12low-costlaptop-tobeusedincomputerlab(Powerrequirement:10W@12VDC/ea.fortotalof1200Watthr/dayat10hoursofuseperdayforalllaptops)

4012WfluorescenttypeLEDbulb(Powerrequirement:480W@12VDCfortotalof2880Watthr/dayat6hoursofuseperdayforalllights)Preliminarypowerrequirementis~7KWhoursperday.TheDigitalDrumsforthisinstallationshouldbefittedwithmainspowersuppliesaswellasstandardsolarsystemstoallowforreducedsolarrequirements.12pcs130Wsolarpanels8pcs12VDC225AhGeldeepcyclebatteries150AmpchargecontrollerWire,switchesandcircuitbreakersasneededperinstallationandsafetycoderequirementsMountingbracketsandhardwareasneededforsolarpanelsExpectedsolarpowersystemcosts(Preliminarycostestimatebasedonmostrecentinformation):~$16,000.00SeeAppendixBfornotes


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MaternityclinicinaruralhealthcenterInUganda,UNICEFsupportedhealthcentersconsistoftype2andtype3designations.Type2healthcentersaresmaller,justabovevillagelevelclinics.They

providebasicprimarycare,immunization,natalcareandlimitednormaldeliverieswhenamidwifeisavailable.Type3healthcentersprovidethesamecarewiththeadditionofminorsurgeryandcaesarianbirth.Bothfacilitiessufferfromlackofconsistentpowersupplycreatinglimitedhoursofavailablecareanddifficultyduringemergencyprocedures.Installationrecommendation

612WfluorescenttypeLEDbulb(Powerrequirement:72W@12VDCfortotalof~460Watthr/dayat6hoursofuseperdayforalllights)424WLEDsurgicallights(Powerrequirement:96W@12VDCfortotalof~400

Watthr/dayat4hoursofuseperday)2-60Amp-hourSLAorGeldeepcyclebattery1PhocosCX1010Achargecontroller2100WattSolarpanel2LEDheadlampswithinternalrechargeablebatteryorAAArechargeablebatteries4setsbatteriesforLEDheadlampsand12VDCchargingstationWireandswitchesasneededperlightingandinstallationrequirementsMountingbracketsandhardwareasneededforsolarpanels

Expectedsystemcosts(Preliminarycostestimatebasedonmostrecentinformation):~$2,000.00

seeAppendixCfornotes

III.Lookingforward:Theseusecasesoutlinesshouldservetoactasabasictemplateforsizingandestimatingsystems.Theyare,however,basedonanumberofgeneralizationsand

assumptionsandwilllikelyneedtailoringtospecificapplications.EveryscenarioisinfluencedbynumerousvariablesthatarefarbeyondthescopeofthisdocumentbutthisshouldserveasastartingpointforestimatingpowersolutionsinruralUgandaandwillbeupdatedwithreal-lifeUsecases,solutions,pricing,systemssizingandoutcomesastheybecomeavailable.


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Notes:

Ineverycase,solarsizingisbasedona20%overagetoallowforbatterychargestatestoremainover50%thusprolongingbatterylifespan.AllpriceestimatesforDigitalDrumarebasedonprototypecostsandarelikelytodecrease.SolarsystemcostestimatesarebasedoncompetitivebidpricingformKampalacircaApril2010andarelikelytofluctuate.


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AccesstoInformationandInternetConnectivitySolutionsfor

RuralAreas

Themaximthatknowledgeispowerhasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Inthedevelopedworldwehaveavirtuallyunlimitedamountofinformationavailable

whichenablesustomakemuchbetterandmoreinformeddecisionsinmuchlesstime.Inthepast,criticaldecisionswouldbeheldupormisdirectedbyalackoffullinformation.Thislackoftimelycommunicationcanresultinanythingfrompooreducationtothedeathofthoseunfortunateenoughtobeonthewrongsideofthegap.UNICEFisexploringhowgreaterconnectivitycanfacilitatenotonlythedisseminationofeducationalmaterialsinruralUgandabutalsothecollectionofrelevantdatatoallowamorestreamlinedlogisticsprocess.Up-to-theminuteinformationonvitalindicatorswillallowUNICEFUgandatodivertmedication,supplies,andotherresourcestoareaswheretheycanhavethemostimpacttothose

inneed.Thefirststepinthisprocesswillbetheintroductionofself-containedsolar-powered"hub"systems.ThesewillbelocatedinareassuchasYouthcenters,HealthcentersandPTCs.Theywillprimarilyservethepurposeofdisseminationofeducationalmaterialsbutwillalsoserveweb-basedapplicationsforlogisticsandsupplymanagementthatarecurrentlybeingdevelopedbyUgandasT4DteamaswellastheInnovationsectioninNewYork.Theeventualaimistohaveatwo-waycommunicationsnetworkthatcoversthemostunderservedareasinUgandaandprovidesaconduitforeducational,safetyandhealthinformationtothecommunitieswheretheyareinstalled.

Therearethreebasicstepstotherolloutofthistypeofinfrastructure:

1. Remotestand-alonesiteswithlimitedinternetconnectivity2. Linkingremotesitetoeachotherviahigh-speedwirelessorotheravailable

technologytocreatewebsofsites3. Linkingthewebstoeachotherandtheinternetasawholeoncefundingand

connectivityoptionsallowforgreaterbandwidth

Thefirststeprequiresthatcontentandapplicationsarestoredlocallyondevicesinstalledinremotecommunities.Therearetwomajoraspectstotheinitialphaseofthisprocess,devicedevelopmentanddeployment(hardware)andcontentandinterfacedevelopment(software).DevelopmentofthehardwareiswellunderwayinUgandawithprojectssuchastheDigitalDoorway,theCommunityComputingsystem(DigitalDrum),theRachelInitiative,Inveneoandothers.TheCommunityComputingsystemisnowenteringitsthirdroundofdevelopmentandwillbedrawingonthelessonswehavelearnedtoovercomesomeofthelastremainingobstaclesrelatingtohardwaredeploymentsinruralareas.

Oneofthemostcrucialaspectsofthisphaseofdevelopmentisthecohesivecollectionofrelevantcontentanddevelopmentofanintuitiveandeasytouseinterfacetothatcontent.Thiswillrequiretheactiveparticipationofallsectionsand


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Ministriesthatintendtocontributetotheproject.Contentwillneedtobestandardizedintoaformatthatisnotonlytrulyportableandaccessibleacrossallavailablecomputingplatformstodaybutalsofreefromtheencumbrancesofrestrictivelicensing.Itisvitaltothesuccessofthisphaseoftheprojectthatallcontentcanbedistributedthroughanyavailablechanneltodriveinterestandco-

operationfromasmanypartiesaspossible.

Duringtheinitialphasesoftheruggedcomputingrollout,itistobeexpectedthatsomeifnotallsiteswillhavelimitedtonoInternetaccess,themainchannelfordistributionandcollectionofdatawillthereforehavetorelyonhuman-baseddatatransportation.Technicianswhoaretrainedtomaintainthemachinesattheinitialinstallationsiteswillberesponsibleforthedistributionandcollectionofdataviaexternaldriveswhichwillthanbecollatedandapprovedatthecentralupdateserverpriortobeingdistributedtotheremainderofthenetworkonsubsequentvisits.

Oncestand-alonesiteshavebeenestablishedincentralareas,itwillbepossibletolinknearbyareasviahigh-speedwirelessinternetsolutionsashavebeendemonstratedbyorganizationssuchasBOSCOintheAcholiregion(SeeAnnexD).Thiswillallowmanysitestosharecontentandcreatecommunicationschannelsbetweencurrentlyseparatedfacilities.Internallydevelopedcurriculumandcontentcollectedfromconnectedsiteswillbesharablethoughallconnectedfacilitiesinstantaneously.Communitiescanbedevelopedaroundcommoninterestsandinformationaboutsurroundingareaswillbequicklyavailabletolinkedinstallations.Thisextendingofthenetworkswillallowschools,PTCsandCommunityCenterswiththeirowncomputerlabstofreelyaccessthecontentandcommunitiesestablishedaroundtheDigitalDoorwayandCommunityComputingsites.

ThefinalphaseofthisprojectwillbetheinterconnectingofthephasetwowebsandconnectingthegreaternetworkstotheInternetasawhole.Thisphasewillrequireaclosere-evaluationofthetechnologyavailableandtheoverallcosttomaintain.ItishopedthatinterconnectedsiteswouldbeabletosharethecostburdenofInternetaccessthusloweringtheoverallcosttoconnectdiversesites.

CurrentlyavailabletechnologyforinternetconnectivityinruralUganda:

3g/GPRS/cellularconnectivitythistechnologyisavailableinalmostallpartsofUganda.Cellularconnectivityisrelativelyinexpensivebutdoesnothavethebandwidthtosupportmorethan1or2usersinaliveenvironment.Speedsvaryfrom14kbpsto1300kbpsdependingonprovider,infrastructure,transmissiontechnologyandenvironmentalfactors.Itispossibletoallowfortime-delayedsynchronizingofdataoveracellularconnectionanditisbeingconsideredasamanagementandmaintenancechannelfortheinitialruggedizedcomputingsystems.Cellularconnectivitytendstobebilledonatotaltrafficpermonthbasiswhereinboundandoutboundbandwidthisaggregatedandasetlimitisimposedon


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devices.AsofAugust2010,3GcellularconnectivityinUgandaattherateof3GBtransferredpermonthis85,000/=(UGX)(1)(2),EDGE/GPRS64kbpsunlimitedtransferplansareavailablefromUTLfor220,000/=(UGX)(3)andZainfor200,000/=(UGX)(4).

VSATthistechnologyisavailableatvirtuallyanyrurallocation.Itismoreexpensivethancellularconnectivitybutcanprovidemuchgreaterbandwidth.Duetoitshighlatency,VSATconnectivityisnotrecommendedforenvironmentswhereVoIPorsimilarliveaudio/videoconferencingapplicationswillberequired.LowcostVSATsolutionstendtohaveamuchhigherdownloadbandwidththanuploadbandwidth,thiswouldallowforrelativelyfastdeploymentofdataandcontentbutarelativelyslowpathforcollectionofdata.MostlowcostVSATsystemsoperateonabandwidth-sharingbasiswhereactualavailablebandwidthwillfluctuatebasedontotalnumberofusersonaprovidersnetwork(usuallyreferredtoasasharedcontentionratio).VSATstartupcostsareusuallyfairlyhighincomparisontootherconnectivitysolutionswithaverageequipmentcostsexceeding$2000.00(USD).As

ofAugust2010,VSATfromIntersatAfricaisavailableat$550(USD)/mo.For128kbpsuplinkand384kbpsdownlink(5)and$350(USD)fora64kbpsuplink256kbpsdownlink(6)bothat1:16sharedcontentionratio.

DSLthistechnologyisstartingtobecomemoreavailableinrurallocationsbutisusuallylimitedtorelativelyshortdistancesfrompopulationcenters(5-10KmfromtelephoneCentralOffices).DSLcanprovidesymmetricorasymmetricbandwidthandisgenerallysoldasanunlimitedbandwidthproduct.DSLisafairlystableproductbutcanbeaffectedbymainsoutagesandisvulnerabletooutagesduetofailuresinthecarriertelephonecablingittravelson.DSLstartupcostsarefairlylowbutmonthlycostscanincreasedramaticallybeyond256kbps.Mostlow-costDSLservicesuseasharingcontentionschemesimilartoVSAT,nonumbersarecurrentlyavailabledetailingcontention.CurrentpricingforsharedbandwidththroughUTLasofAugust2010(7)is:64kbps-$100(USD)/mo.;128kbps-$180(USD)/mo.;256kbps$310(USD)/month.PricingfordedicatedbandwidthfromUTLasofJune2010intheGuluareais:512kbpssymmetric~$350-$425/mo.;768kbps~$575-$675/mo.Bothrequire~$3200(USD)startupcostsinequipmentandinstallation.

WiMaxWiMaxisarelativelynewwirelesstechnologythatoperatesonline-of-siteathighspeedandnon-line-of-siteatlowerspeeds.PricingofWiMaxisgenerallysimilartoDSLbutfront-endequipmentcostscanbeconsiderablyhigher.WiMaxisafairlystabletechnologybutissusceptibletoradioandenvironmentalinterference.ItisexpectedthatWiMaxwilllikelysupplantDSLasamoreruralconnectivityoptionduetolowerdeploymentcostsfortheprovider.PricingforWimaxsolutionsisnotcurrentlyavailablebutwillbeappendeduponreceipt.


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Notesregardingconnectivitysolutions:

Anyoftheseconnectivitysolutionsmaybeextendedvia802.11wirelessover100sofKilometerstojoinmoreinstallations.Themajorbenefitofthisoptionisoverallhigherbandwidthandlowerexpenseforconnectedfacilities.Whensharingasinglepointofconnectivitybetweenmultiplesites,itshouldbeexpectedthatattimestherewillbecontentionforbandwidth.QOS,conservativefirewallrulesatgateways,liberalgatewayproxycachingandvigilantnetworkadministrationareallmethodsthatcanbeusedtocounterthiseffect.

Pricing:

1. http://orange.ug/mobile-plans/internet-everywhere.php2. http://mtn.co.ug/MTN-Internet/MTN-Mobile-Internet.aspx3. http://utl.co.ug/utl.php?i=1244. http://www.ug.zain.com/opco/af/core/home/channel.do;jsessionid=3

9EB09F5FE7D0B242DC16D0A0E38F1DE.node14?channelId=-

10682&selectedChannels=-10556,-10682#&lang=en5. http://www.intersatafrica.com/index-products3.html6. http://www.intersatafrica.com/index-products2.html7. http://utl.co.ug/utl.php?i=9


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AppendixA(YouthCenterSolarPowerUseCase)

Thelightingspecifiedforthisusecaseshouldbesufficienttoprovideilluminationtoreadforasingle100squaremeterspace.ItisexpectedthattheDigitalDrumshouldoperatecontinuouslyinthisenvironmentandbereachableatalltimesvianetwork

accessbutonlyphysicallyaccessibleduringthenormaloperatinghoursoftheYouthCenter.

Recommendationsarebasedonthefollowingconditions:

TheyouthcenterhasnoexistingmainspowerThepublicspacewillbelitforamaximumof6hoursperdayandis100squaremeters


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AppendixB(PTCSolarPowerUseCase)

40lightsshouldbeenoughtoprovidesufficientilluminationtoreadfor200squaremetersofspace,ifthisspaceisdividedintomultipleareas,theoverallilluminationwilldecrease.Iamoperatingontheassumptionthatitissafetodividethe200

squaremetersintotwospacesbeforemoresupplementallightingwillneedtobeprovidedbutthisshouldbetestedinactualusecasesbeforeitiscommittedto.ThesolarsystemspecifiedinthisusecaseisnotintendedtoprovidepowerforthePTCintheabsenceofavailablemainspower,itismerelyintendedtosupplementunreliablemainssuppliesforlightingandtheoverallaccessibilityofmainspowerisanecessityforthissystemtofunctioncorrectly.

Recommendationsarebasedonthefollowingconditions:PTChaslimitedaccesstomainspowerforatleast3hoursperdayPTChasalockableroomthatcanbededicatedtoactasacomputerlabandsomeonewillbemonitoringthelabwhenaccessisallowed

PTChasastudentpopulationofapproximately300whoallliveon-siteindormsPTChasrequirementsforlightinginpublicspacessuchaslibraries,classroomsanddorms


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AppendixC(HealthCenterSolarPowerUseCase)

Recommendationsarebasedonthefollowingconditions:HealthCenterhasnomainspowerHealthCenterhasasecureareawherebatteriesandchargecontrollerand

headlampbatterychargerscanbeinstalledHealthCenterhasasecurelocationforheadlampstobestoredwhennotinuse


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AnnexD:BOSCObandwidthdistributionmodelBOSCOisanNGOthathasbeenoperatingaruralwirelessnetworkintheAcholiregionofUgandaforthepastfouryearsbasedaroundtheconceptofsharingasingleconnectiontotheinternetwithanumberofdisparatesiteslinkedbylow-

powerwirelessnetworks.Overthecourseofthepastyear,thenumberofusersbeingservedbyBOSCOsnetworkhasmorethandoubledfrom485tothecurrentofapproximately960(withtotalnumberofusersdoublinginthelastyear.Overthesameperiodoftime,BOSCOsinternetegresshasonlyincreasedfrom256kbpsto512kbps.WhiletheoverallresultsofBOSCOsnetworkhavebeenoverwhelminglypositive,thecapacityofthenetworkhasbeenovershadowedbyitsusersdemands.BOSCOestimatesthattosupplytheircurrentuserloadtheywillneedtoincreaseegressbandwidthto1Mbps.ThepricingmodelofUgandasDSLprovidersfavorsthelow-endandsharedlineuser.Inanefforttomaximizereturnfromtheirfixedoperatingcosts,UTLresells

theiravailablebandwidthmanytimesoverandoffersittoconsumersasasharedlineDSLconnectionwithamaximumbandwidthof512kbps.TheseconnectionsareconsiderablylessexpensivethanaDSLconnectionthathasafixed,dedicatedbandwidthandamajorityofthetimetheenduserisunawareorunaffectedbythenatureofsharingoverallbandwidth.Oncethenumberofusersonaconnectionincreasesbeyondacertainpoint,thesharedconnectioncannolongersupportthedemandsandtheconnectionmustbeupgradedtoadedicatedbandwidthline,whichcanbeprovisionedforupto1.5Mbps.Throughoutitshistory,BOSCOhasdistributedthecostofinternetconnectivitytoits25installedsites.Thepricingdifferencebetweendedicatedlinesandshared

linescreatesagapintheabilityoftheusersonaBOSCOstylenetworktopayfortheconnection.CurrentlyBOSCOpaysapproximately$300USD/mo.forinternetaccess,increasingavailablebandwidthto1Mbpswillincreasemonthlycostto~$800USD.Thispresentsafinancialdilemmaforthehostingorganization.Traditionallythisbourdonwouldbesolvedbyincreasingthemonthlycontributionsoftheusers.SomeoftheorganizationsthatBOSCOprovidesbandwidthtocannotaffordtheaddedexpenseandwouldlikelydropoutoftheprogramaltogetherifpresentedwiththisincrease,thusincreasingthefinancialloadonBOSCOanditsnetworksusers.Subsidyofinternetaccessuntilthenetworkisextendedtothepointthattheoverallcosttousersisthesameasitscurrentrateofapproximately$0.32USD/userwouldrequireabout2500userstodistributethefinancialloadandwouldquicklycreatethesamedisparity.Analternativesolutionwouldbetoinstalladditionalegresspointsandprovidedistributedaccessforthenetworkdependingonoverallbandwidthavailabilityategresspoints.Thiscombinedwithaggressivecachinganddistributedcachestorageonthenetworkwouldallowforslowgrowthofthenetworkwithoutundueeconomicconstraintsonitsusers.


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PTCCommunity Center

ealth Center

802.11Wireless link

Youth Center

Internet

Gateway Sitewith load balancing

and caching proxy

Cellular connectivity

SAT

Distributed connectivity allows for load balancing across connections as well as maintaininga cache of requests to accelerate browsing at all egress points

Internet

Gateway Sitewith load balancingand caching proxy


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PTC

Community Center

Health Center

802.11

Wireless link

Update Server

802.11Wireless link

802.11

Wireless link

802.11Wireless link

School

Youth Center

Content is delivered viaexternal drive from

Update Server to remotesites during routine maintenance

ontent propagates to additionalmachines over 802.11 links


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PTC

Community Center

ealth Center

802.11Wireless link

Update Server

802.11Wireless link

802.11Wireless link

802.11Wireless link

School

Youth Center

Content is collected via external drivefrom remote sites and delivered to

Content Server during routine maintenance

ontent propagates from additional

machines over 802.11 links


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Internet

Main (Gateway) Drum installationStores locally available content and

serves to connected facilities

PTC

Community Center

Health Center

Cellular Modem

802.11Wireless link

Update ServerExternal contributor

VSAT

802.11Wireless link

802.11Wireless link

802.11Wireless link


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SEPTEMBER OCTOBER JANUARY FEBRUARY

week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5 week 6 week 7 week 8 week 9 week 10 week 12 w eek 13 week 14 week 15 week 16 week 17 week 18 week 19 week 20

Drum hardware

development

define weeknesses in current

design and engineer solutions

for next iteration

define weeknesses in

current design and

engineer solutions for

next iteration

20 week drum production timeline

bui ld and do cu men t l imi ted numbe r o f pr oto typ es (4 -5 uni ts ) depl oy an d f ie ld te stl im ited depl oy men t ( 4- 5 uni ts) Bu il d a nd doc ume nt lar ge sca le de pl oyme nt (2 5- 50 un its )

NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Note: This timeline is dependant on all materials and equipment be ing available

at the start of production cycle (week2 and week 16). Any delays in

procurement or delivery of components will cause a similar delay in production.


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General configuration of second revision Digital Drum prototype


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Solar PanelsBatteries Charge Controller

Backhaul wireless5Ghz 802.11a

!00 Mbps Ethernet switch

Relays

Local wireless2.4Ghz 802.11b/g

Gateway Computer withcellular modem

2 USB connectorsfor handset charging

Secondary Computer

Microcontroller

12V DC Power

Voltage and Amperage sensors

USB or Serial Communication Relay controls

100 Mbps Ethernet

Switched Power

100 Mbps Ethernet

Electrical and network system block diagram


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Hall EffectSensor

-

+

+12V

Arduino analog in

Arduino GND

8.2K1K VR

100K Pot

LM324

v-

v+

ensor Schematic for battery voltage monitoring and load current monitoring

Voltagespike

protection

Drivercircuit

Arduino Digital I/O

Grayhill 70-ODC5

Arduino ground

Load

Power control and sensor schematic for Digital Drum


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Basic Solar powered "Digital Drum" installation with local and long-distance wirelesslinks, fully self-contained power

Rugged community computer (as we are focusing on the components, I will notestimate the cost of the shell of this unit)

2 pcs OIT LITE vandal-resistant keyboards with P.O.M. keys & integrated touchpad (1)2 pcs WinMate R15I93S-OFA2 Panel PC - (2)1 pc GSM/GPRS/HSDPA cellular modem (usb with external antenna) Such as ZadaCOM3G+ 7.2 (3)1 pcs B&B Electronics EIR205 5 port ethernet switch (4) or Garrettcom S14H-12VDCEthernet switch (5)1 pc Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller (6)1 pc Arduino Ethernet shield (7)2 pcs Bulgin PX0839/IDC IP68 Ethernet connectors (8)2 pcs Bulgin PX0845/A IP68 USB connectors (9)4 pcs Bulgin PX0713 Caps for IP68 connectors (10)

Wireless equipment

1 pc Ubiquiti Bullet 2HP (11)1 pc 7 dbi omni directional antenna w/ Female N connector (12)1 pc Ubiquiti Bullet M5 (13)1 pc 29dbi parabolic antenna w/ female N connector (14)

Solar system

Phocos CX20 Charge controller (15)

3 pcs ~125 W solar modules (or equivalent 350W+) (16)4 pcs 31.6Ah 12V Gel (maintenance-free) deep cycle batteries (Deka 8GU1-DEKA orequivalent 125Ah+) (17)

Misc components

4 pcs 30V 3A schottky diodes - ST Microelectronics 1N5821 or similar (18)20 meters 24 gauge solid copper cat5e or cat6 (19)20 meters 10 gauge (3.25mm - 3.5mm) two conductor copper power leads for solarsystem (20)

32 Amp 2 pole 12-24VDC DIN rail-mount circuit breaker - CHINT NB1-B32-2P orequivalent (21)5 pcs MAX232 (22)1 pc Arduino Screw Shield (23)1 meter DIN rail (35mm standard height) (24)4 Pcs 3-60VDC 3.5A solid state relay - Grayhill 70-ODC5 or equivilent (25)

(1) http://www.oitkeypad.com/pdf/QVPPlastickeyfront.pdf(2) http://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901(3) http://shop.zadako.com/hsdpa_3g_modemy/usb/zadacom_3g_plus_7.2.html
http://www.oitkeypad.com/pdf/QVPPlastickeyfront.pdfhttp://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://shop.zadako.com/hsdpa_3g_modemy/usb/zadacom_3g_plus_7.2.htmlhttp://shop.zadako.com/hsdpa_3g_modemy/usb/zadacom_3g_plus_7.2.htmlhttp://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://www.oitkeypad.com/pdf/QVPPlastickeyfront.pdf


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(4) http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4(5) http://www.garrettcom.com/s14.htm(6) http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanove(7) http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9026(8) http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_Ethernet.html

(9) http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_USB.html(10) http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer.html(11) http://ubnt.com/bullet(12) http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110(13) http://ubnt.com/bulletm(14) http://www.mtiwe.com/uploads/product/485.pdf(15) http://www.phocos.com/datasheet_sm_cx.html(16) http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951(17) http://www.eastpenn-deka.com/default.aspx?pageid=443(18) http://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/

?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3d(19) locally sourced(20) locally sourced(21) http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/NB1-63_CircuitBreakers.pdf(22) need to speak to J-M about exact part numbers for this(23) http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9282(24) http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/ers35.pdf(25) http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=GH7019-ND

Costs:1. $200/ea - $4002. $1,150/ea - $2,300 (includes $800/ea base price and $350/ea shipping to

Uganda)3. $2154. $895. $1006. $457. $508. $20/ea - $409. $10/ea - $20

10. $6/ea - $2411. $8012. $6013. $80

14. $8015. $10016. $650/ea - $195017. $100/ea - $40018. $0.50/ea - $219. $20. $21. $1522. $23. $1524. $1025. $10/ea - $40
http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.garrettcom.com/s14.htmhttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanovehttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9026http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_Ethernet.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_USB.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer.htmlhttp://ubnt.com/bullethttp://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://ubnt.com/bulletmhttp://www.mtiwe.com/uploads/product/485.pdfhttp://www.phocos.com/datasheet_sm_cx.htmlhttp://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.eastpenn-deka.com/default.aspx?pageid=443http://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/NB1-63_CircuitBreakers.pdfhttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9282http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/ers35.pdfhttp://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=GH7019-NDhttp://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=GH7019-NDhttp://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/ers35.pdfhttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9282http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/NB1-63_CircuitBreakers.pdfhttp://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://www.eastpenn-deka.com/default.aspx?pageid=443http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.phocos.com/datasheet_sm_cx.htmlhttp://www.mtiwe.com/uploads/product/485.pdfhttp://ubnt.com/bulletmhttp://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://ubnt.com/bullethttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_USB.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_Ethernet.htmlhttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9026http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanovehttp://www.garrettcom.com/s14.htmhttp://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4


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Other Potential Keyboard vendors:

Key Tek K-TEK-B420TP http://www.key-tek.cn/en/productsview.asp?id=174iKey PMU-5K-TP2 http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&
http://www.key-tek.cn/en/productsview.asp?id=174http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.key-tek.cn/en/productsview.asp?id=174

Documents

Access to Information for Youth and their communities in Uganda final