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WASH Sector Coordination Model in Kenya. Acknowledgements WESCOORD - Jane Maonga-Jones (UNICEF ) and Eliud Wamwangi ( MoWI ). What is an emergency in Kenya’s context??…. Slow-onset disasters that take a long time to produce emergency conditions…. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WASH Sector Coordination Model in Kenya
Acknowledgements WESCOORD - Jane Maonga-Jones (UNICEF) and Eliud Wamwangi (MoWI)
GoK
Sudden unexpected situations that pose immediate risk to health, life, property or environment…
Slow-onset disasters that take a long time to produce emergency conditions…
What is an emergency in Kenya’s context??…
Kenya: Disaster Profile
GoK
Conflict hotspots
Kenya: A recent history of Natural and Man-made Disasters
Year Type of disaster Area of Coverage No. of People affected2011 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 3 Million 2009 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 1 Million 2007/8 Post-election Violence Widespread 1500(deaths) 500,000(displaced)2005/6 Drought then Floods Widespread 3 Million + 2004 Landslides Nyeri, Othaya, Kihuri 5 deaths 2002 Landslides Meru Central, Muranga, Nandi 2,000 2002 Floods Nyanza, Busia, Tana river basin 150,000 1999/2000 La Nina Drought Widespread 4.4 million 1997/98 El Nino Flood Widespread 1.5 million 1997 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Coast 300,000 (displaced)1995/96 Drought Widespread 1.41 million 1992 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Western/Nyanza 127 (deaths) 120,000 (displaced) 1991/92 Drought Arid and semi-Arid districts 1.5 million 1985 Floods Nyanza and Western 10,000 1983/84 Drought Widespread 200,000 1982 Floods Nyanza 4,000 1980 Drought Widespread 40,000 1977 Drought Widespread 20,000 1975 Drought Widespread 16,000
Source : (Part of it) Republic of Kenya National Policy on Disaster Management (2004 - revised Draft)
GoK
National Crisis Response Steering Committee Chair: Prime Minister
Members: Cabinet Sub-Committee on Food Security
Crisis Response Centre (CRC)
Co-ordinator: PS/MOSSP Deputy Co-ordinator: OPM
Members: OP/PA&IS, MOSD, MOA, MOE, MOMS, MW&I, MOF, MOLD, MOPHS, MOYAS, MoSDNK
Crisis Consultative Forum Chair: CRC Co-Chair; UN-OCHA Members: Sector Working Groups
(GOK, UN Lead Organizations, Development Partners, NGOs)
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
Health Agric. & Livestock
Shelter Food Logistics/ Transport Education
District Steering Groups
Service Organizations National Disaster Operation Centre Data Information System (DISK) of the
Kenya Food Security Steering Group) Kenya Meteorological Department
Emergency-affected communities
Key OP Office of the President OPM Office of the Prime Minister PA&IS Provincial Administration &Internal Security MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOE Ministry of Education MW&I Ministry of Water and Irrigation MOF Ministry of Finance MOLD Ministry of Livestock Development MOPHS Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation MOYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports MoSDNK Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya MOMS Ministry of Medical Service
Protection Nutrition
Government of Kenya Coordination Structures for Emergency Response
GoK
2001:
WESCOORD formed as a
sector working group under the
Kenya Food Security
Steering Group to respond to the drought emergency
2005:
Cluster system
activated globally - but not in
Kenya
2007:
A review of the humanitarian coordination structures
recommends inclusion of
other hazards besides drought
2008:
Activation of the Cluster system in Kenya to
respond to Post Election
Violence.
2009: 10 Clusters -
including WESCOORD are handed over to the GoK line
ministries.
2011:
Horn of Africa drought crisis.
MoWI take lead in the
response, with UNICEF
taking on the role of sector
co-leads
2012: Looking Beyond Drought
Emergencies
TIMELINE: WASH Sector Coordination in Kenya
GoK
Key Sectors/Actors involved in WESCOORD
MoWI
MoPHS
Local/ International
WASH implementing
agencies
UNICEF
Nutrition
Health
Education
Primary actors
Secondary actors
GoK
WASH Sector Coordination Structure: National
GoK
Water
Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion
Chair (MoPHS)
Info Mngt TWG
Sanitation &
(FAO/OGB)
WESCOORD support officer -
Secretariat
WESCOORD support officer -
KFSSG
WESCOORD support officer -
KFSSG
Officer
WASH Sector Coordination Structure: Sub-National level
GoK
Dist
rict S
teer
ing
Gro
up
WESCOORD Chair/
District Water Officer
WESCOORD Co-chair/ District Public Health Officer
Focal WASH Agency (NGO)
Local & International WASH Actors
District WESCOORD Executive Committee
Members of the National WESCOORD Strategic Advisory Group
GoK
WORLD CARES
MoWIMoPHS
Some outputs from the WASH Sector TWGs• National Water Policy (2012)• National Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Policy (2012/draft)• Draft Cholera Prevention and Control Plan (2011)• Flood Mitigation Strategy (MoWI - 2010)• Household Water Treatment and Storage Guidelines (2012)• National School Health Policy (2009)• Cholera EPR training• Sub-national coordination training
Other contributions:• WASH Sector preparedness and response plans (CAP)• Emergency Water Trucking Policy Briefing Paper (2009) – • WESCOORD Emergency Water Trucking Guidelines (2011)• WESCOORD Cholera Strategy (2011)• Community Water Management Committees Training manual
GoK
WASH: Who is doing What Where (in Kenya) - as of September 2012
GoK
WESCOORD: December 2011
WESCOORD 4Ws Partners Responding
Jul Aug Sep OctWESCOORD 4W Partners responding 2011
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
25
37
56
80
WESCOORD: December 2011
www.wescoord.or.ke
What else is on the website? • Hygiene Promotion WG page
• District pages – Garissa/Wajir up’n running ……
• Links to other interesting stuff…..For instance Majidata = urban WASH data; GOK WRMA (permits and info.)Technical resources incl. Sand dams, EWT guidelines, etc.
• Kenya = Hybrid model (sector leadership using cluster approach)• This model provides an opportunity for integration of long-term
programming in humanitarian response planning (focus on DRR)• Advocacy from within: “Positioning” of humanitarian issues with relevant
line ministries (through TWGs) to influence policy decisions• Coordination capacity: Double-hatting nature of WESCOORD
government staff roles makes effective coordination difficult• Sense of urgency to deal with rapid onset emergencies lacking in
government officers - who are also involved in development work• Mismatched priorities? WASH Sector focus on resilience building/ DRR
efforts not adequately backed by donor funding• What do “they” know that “we” don’t?? Political correctness affects how
certain humanitarian issues are addressed (e.g. contingency planning efforts for the upcoming elections)
Lessons Learnt from the Coordination Model… so far:
GoK
WESCOORD: December 2011
Some (two) Challenges….
• Positioning WESCOORD in the Sector/Ministry.
ReliefRecoveryResiliance (Devt.)• Maintaining WESCOORD’s
momentum
2007/8 2011/12 201?
Highlights for Jan/Feb 2012
• Sub-national Coordination Training:
1. Turkana, W. Pokot, Baringo
2. Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, T River
3. Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit (Moyale)
4. Coast
• Sand Dam Symposium.
• IM Training Garissa• Launch TOT Manual
Community WR Manag’t
What Next?In country:• Formalize Coordination role: Partnership Agreement Framework between the WASH line
Ministries. • WESCOORD as Platform for integration of long-term programming with humanitarian
response for sustainability• Focus on Emergency preparedness DRR/ Resilience building approaches • Local/ national coordination capacity building• Devolution Politics and WASH: Opportunities in the new constitution (integrating the WASH
sector into decentralized structures at sub-national levels - counties)
Regional/Global WASH Cluster support:1. Surge capacities in time of crisis - especially for sudden onset emergencies 2. Support to adapt GWC tools to the Kenyan context 3. Documentation and sharing of WASH sector best practices (structures, processes,
approaches, etc.) 4. Support resource mobilization efforts (lobbying for funding for preparedness/DRR/recovery
actions)5. Support efforts for capacity building (e.g. on emergency preparedness and contingency
planning)GoK
What lessons for us?• Similarities but also differences
– Different ministries engagement/line ministry changes– Even with almost constant crisis participation fluctuates in Kenya.
How to keep members interested & engaged?– Sub national challenges
• Sector coordination (for development) v. emergency preparedness and response. Equal needs.– Maintain emergency task force/SAG?– TWGs
• Information: a critical need. • Ministry unlikely to manage on its own (UNICEF traditionally
provides support) – Provinces?
Asante sana!
Thank you!
cartoons from WESCOORD annual report: ex World Bank Water & Sanitation Programme