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ACLIMAS - Jordan
Yahya Shakhatreh, Pedro Carvalho, John Foulkes,
Iyad Musallam, Faddel Ismail,
Yahya Bani Khalaf, Nabeel Bani Hani
SWIM - Sustainable Water Integrated
Management Demonstration Project
ACLIMAS annual meeting – Rabat, 23 October 2013
Table 1: available and requested equipment and machines required for the successful
completion of the work.
No. Item Cost (€) Notes
1 Car 26,000 Purchased
2 Zero-till machine 12,500 Zero-till machine is available at the
demonstration site, the allocated
money used for purchasing
physiological/crop scanning
instruments (SPAD 502 meter,
Fluorpen FP100 and Greenseeker) as
agreed with Dr Mladen Todorović,
Project Coordinator
3 Weather station 8,500 Delivered and fixed
Meetings (2013) Objective
7 - 12 June (2012) - Design demonstration experiments and agree protocol
25 - 27 February - Canopy Sensors Workshop
7 - 8 April - Demonstration work follow-up
- Writing abstracts for:
‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference on Land and Water
Challenges’ (Bari, Italy)
7 - 8 July - Data analysis
- Preparation of the papers for:
‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference on Land and Water
Challenges’ (Bari, Italy)
11 - 13 September
(Bari, Italy)
- Final discussion of the slides for:
- ‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference on Land and
Water Challenges’ (Bari, Italy)
- Discussion of ACLIMAS 2013/14 activities
27 - 28 November - Design demonstration experiments and agree protocol
- Plan 2014 Workshop
Collaboration – Uni Nottingham & NCARE
Amman & Irbid, 25 – 27 February 2013
Pedro Carvalho, John Foulkes, Erik Murchie and Yahya Shakhatreh
Aim: Train NCARE staff and Uni Jordan scientists on crop phenotyping
techniques applied in Demonstration experiments (WP2)
Greenseeker® 505 Handheld
(NTech Industries, Inc.)
NDVI
Infrared Thermometer
INF151 (UEI)
Canopy temperature
SPAD-502Plus
(Konica Minolta)
Chlorophyll content
PAR-FluorPen
FP 100-MAX-LN (PSI)
Fluorescence meter
Visual Senescence Scoring
Stay-green
Canopy Sensors Workshop
NCARE Irbid, Jordan 27 February 2013
NDVI (Canopy size)
Canopy To C (Canopy Ps)
NDVI = (R900 - R680)/(R900+R680)
20+ attendees (NCARE & Uni Jordan)
Canopy Sensors Workshop
Trials
Offices
Maru Research Station
Irbid, Jordan
Demonstration 2012/2013
Altitude: 590 m
Rainfall: 412 mm
Soil type: heavy clay;
available water 180 mm m-1
Irrigation x Crop Species - Durum wheat and barley
- Rainfed (control)
- Full irrigation
- Supplemental irrigation
Tillage x Wheat Cultivars
- 5 Durum wheat cultivars
- Conventional
- Zero tillage
Tillage x Barley Cultivars
- 2 Spring barley cultivars
- Conventional
- Zero tillage
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date
- 2 Durum wheat cultivars
- Conventional
- Zero tillage
- 3 Sowing dates
Growth stages
Leaf Chlorophyll Content
Leaf Fv/Fm
Canopy ToC (canopy Ps)
NDVI (canopy size)
Water use (gravimetric)
Greenseeker® 505
(NTech, Inc.)
SPAD-502Plus (Minolta)
Infrared Thermometer INF151 (UEI)
Fluorpen FP100 (PSI)
Irrigation x Crop Species - Measurements
Irrigation x Crop Species - Biomass and grain yield
SED Gen x Irr (df 10)
SED Gen x Irr (df 10)
Rainfed
Sup-Irrigation
(50 mm @ 14 d pre-anthesis)
Full-Irrigation
(50 mm @ 14 d pre-anthesis + 10 post-anthesis)
• 2 Crop species:
- Durum wheat cv ACSAD65 ~ high yield potential
- Barley cv Muta ~ drought tolerant
• Complete randomized block design (3 reps)
• Plot size - 20 m2
Rainfed
S-Irri
F-Irr
Rainfed
S-Irri
F-Irr
GNM2 SED G x Irr = 868 ns
Rainfed S-Irr
F-Irr
Rainfed
S-Irr
F-Irr
GWT SED G x Irr = 1.69 mg *
Water availability
increased grain yield
through grains m-2 in
barley and durum wheat
Water availability
increased grain yield
through grain weight in
durum wheat
Irrigation x Crop Species – G Yield vs GN and GWT
Irrigation x Crop Species – WU and WUE
SED Gen x Irr (df 10) Rainfed
Sup-Irrigation
Full-Irrigation
Water uptake to 60 cm soil depth
similar in barley and durum wheat
SED Gen x Irr (df 10) Trend for increased water
productivity with Supp-Irr in durum
wheat
Irrigation x Crop Species – Canopy temperature
SED Gen x Irr (df 10) Rainfed
Sup-Irrigation
Full-Irrigation
Cooler canopies in
durum wheat with
Sup-Irr and Full-Irr
correlated with grain
weight responses
Irrigation x Crop Species – NDVI
Barley Durum Wheat
In rain-fed conditions:
•Onset of canopy senescence
occurred at later phenological
stage in barley than durum wheat
• Rate of canopy senescence
faster in barley than durum wheat
NDVI = [R900-R680]/[R900+R680]
Irrigation x Crop Species - Summary
- Supplemental-Irrigation:
Grain yield by 3.4% in barley & 32.9% in durum wheat;
Grains m-2 in durum wheat than barley;
Grain Weight in durum wheat barley.
- Later onset of canopy senescence in rain-fed barley: drought escape
- Trend for improved biomass WUE in Sup-Irr in durum wheat.
- SI more effective after anthesis in barley but pre-anthesis in wheat.
- Barley more drought tolerant than durum wheat.
- Spectral reflectance (NDVI) useful in optimising timing of SI.
Growth stages
Leaf Chlorophyll Content
Leaf Fv/Fm
Canopy ToC (canopy Ps)
NDVI (canopy size)
Water use (gravimetric)
Greenseeker® 505
(NTech, Inc.)
SPAD-502Plus (Minolta)
Infrared Thermometer INF151 (UEI)
Fluorpen FP100 (PSI)
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Measurements
• 2 Wheat cultivars (ACSAD, Hurani)
• 3 Sowing dates (Early, Mid, Late)
• 2 Tillages (CT and ZT)
• Split-split block design (3 reps)
• Plot size - 50 m2
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – Biomass and GY
ACSAD65 Hurani
Early (28/11/12) Mid (16/12/12) Late (2/1/12)
SED Tillage x Sowing (df 4)** SED Tillage x Sowing (df 4)**
SED Tillage x Sowing (df 6)* SED Tillage x Sowing (df 6)*
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – GY vs TGW & G m-2
GY vs Grains m-2
GY vs TGW
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Canopy temperature
Early
Mid
Late
ACSAD65
Hurani
SED Tillage x Sowing (df 8)
SED Tillage x Sowing (df 8)
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Summary
- Early sowing date:
AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2
Canopy temperature
- Zero Tillage:
Early sowing — AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2
Mid sowing — AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2
Late sowing — not affected
ZT, Early Sowing and Improved Cultivars reveled
important for wheat yield stability under rainfed
conditions Jordan
‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference
on Land and Water Challenges’
Scientific dissemination
Tillage x Wheat Cultivars
- 5 Durum wheat cultivars
- Conventional
- Zero tillage
Tillage x Barley Cultivars
- 2 Spring barley cultivars
- Conventional
- Zero tillage
Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date
- 2 Durum wheat cultivars
- Conventional
- Zero tillage
- 3 Sowing dates
Rainfed
Full irrigation
- 1st irr pre-anthesis
- 2nd irr post-anthesis
Supplemental 1
- irr pre-anthesis
Supplemental 2
- irr post-anthesis
Irrigation x Crop Species - Durum wheat and barley
- Rainfed (control)
- Full irrigation
- Supplemental irrigation
Location: Amman, March 2014
Conveyors: Pedro Carvalho, John Foulkes and Erik Murchie
Days: 3
Participants: 20+
Tentative title: Application of physiology in
predictive agronomy and plant breeding
Uni Nottingham & NCARE - Workshop 2014
Location: Amman and Maru April 2014
Conveyors: Yahya Shakhatreh and ICARDA expertise
Days: 3
Participants: 20 to 25
Tentative title: Maximizing productivity of wheat
and barley under dry- land systems
Uni Nottingham & NCARE - Workshop 2014
On-ground Implementation 2012/13
Number : 12 Farmers Area: 27.3 ha
On-ground Implementation 2012/13
No Name Region Crop Variety Tilage BYLD(k
g/ha
GYLD(kg/ha Area (ha)
1 Shukri Saeed ababneh Irbid Wheat Acsad 65 CT 4192.0 1718.0 2.7
ZT 4437.0 1825.0
2 Ahmed Mfleh Obedat Bani Khananeh Wheat Cham 1 CT 6048 3004 2.5
ZT 8056 4008
3 Naser Ibrahem / Kazaleh Al- Ramtha Barley Muata CT 3417 1476 2.5
ZT 3878 1964
4 Mahmood alkarki Bani Obaid Barley Adruh CT 3386 1476 1.7
ZT 3608 1630
5 Ibraheem Uglah Mjali Al- Ramtha Barley Muata CT 4628 2040 2
ZT 5610 2214
6
Mohamed Musa Bani
Hani
Bani Obaid Vetch
Lacal CT
3211.2 1177.2 3
ZT 3019 1075
7 Ahmed Yaseen Al-Wardat Al- Ramtha/W Vetch Local CT 3602 906 2.5
ZT 3443 927
8 Ahmed Qasem Kazaleh Al- Ramtha Vetch Lacal CT 2799 833 2
ZT 2417 779
Total
18.9
Improved varieties and conservation agriculture
On-ground Implementation 2012/13
Full package of integrated cropping practices with improved varieties
Name Region Crop Variety BYLD(kg/h
a
GYLD(kg/ha Area(kg/ha
)
1 Sultan Al-karaki Irbid Wheat Acsad
1105 7899 3600 2
Acsad
1275 Farikaفريكه -
Farmer
check 4320 1800
2 Sufian Abd Alazez
Obedat Bani
Khananeh
Wheat Acsad
1187 7811 3800 2.7
Farmer
check 6262 2846
3 Baseem Al-Rihani Bani
Obaid
Barley
Adruh 6520 3500 2
( check) 5940 2700
4 Mohamed Suliman
Ibrahem Al-
Ramtha
Barley
Adruh 4888 2372 1.7
Total ( check) 4224 2110 8.4
Summary
•CA GY and BY for both Wheat and Barley
•Slightly decrease in GY and BY under ZT for Vetch
•Full package GY and BY for both Wheat and Barley
On-ground Implementation 2012/13
Field days 2012/2013
•Zero tillage and Improver varieties in Bani Khananak March 13, 2013 Participants : 31 •Full package and ZT at Ramtha April 3, 2013 Participants: 20 •Open field day at Maru and Bani Khananah May 14 2013 •Participants: More than 150
On-ground Implementation 2013/2014
• Including 10- 12 farmers
• Total area (20 – 30 ha)
• Use ZT and improved variety
• Full package practices
• Targeting wheat, barley and vetches
Conservation Agriculture Workshop
Location, 15-17/5/ 2013
Lecturers
Stephen Losse (ICARDA)
Collin Piggin (ICARDA)
Yahya Shakhatreh (NCARE)
Nabeel Banihani (NCARE)
Faddel Ismael (NCARE)
Aim: The aim of this training workshop is to train selected NCARE staff,
both researchers and extension agents on the principals and application
of the CA systems in field crops under rainfed conditions.
Participants : 24
Future Work - Timeline
•Two seminars about the results of the demonstrations and on-ground
implementation (40 to 50 participants)
•Five field days ( 80 to 100 participants).
•Two training workshops (40 to 50 participants).
•Preparing manuscripts to published in good refereed journals (at
least two).
•Producing video films.
•Dissemination materials.