ADA326907 (1)-Wastewater Treatment OM Specs

8/11/2019 ADA326907 (1)-Wastewater Treatment OM Specs

1/276

AL/OE-CR-1995-0008

UNITED

STATES

AIRFORCE

ARMSTRONGLABORATORY

Wastewater

Treatment

Plant

Environmental

Study

Final

Operations

and

Maintenance

Manual,

Shaw Air

Force

Base,

South

Carolina

Michael

F.

Hewitt

Charles

Baylot

ParsonsEngineeringScience,Inc.

57

Executive

ParkSouth,

N.E.,Suite

500

Atlanta,Georgia

30329

September1995

Approvedforpublic release;

distribution

is

unlimited

OccupationalandEnvironmental

Health

Directorate

Bioenvironmental

Engineering

Division

2402

EDrive

BrooksAFB ,TX

8235-5114


2/276

NOTICES

This

report

is

publishedas

received

an d

hasnot

been

edited

by the

technical

editing

staff

of

theArmstrong

Laboratory.

Publication

of

this

report

does

no tconstitute

approval

or

disapproval

of theideas

or

findings.

t

is

publishedintheinterestofscientifican dtechnicalinformation

(STINFO)

exchange.

WhenGovernmentdrawings,specifications,

or

other

dataareusedfo ran ypurposeother

than

in

connection

witha

definitely

Government-relatedprocurement,the

UnitedStatesGovernment

incurs

no

responsibility

or

an y

obligation

wh atsoever.

hefact

that

th e

Government

may

have

formulatedor

in

an y

waysupplied

the

saiddrawings,specifications,orotherdata,

is

no ttoberegardedbyimplication,

or

otherwise

inan y

mannerconstrued,

as

licensingth eholder,

oran yotherpersonorcorporation;

or

as

conveying

an yrights

or

permissiontomanufacture,

use,

or

sell

an ypatentedinvention thatmayinan y

way

berelatedthereto.

Th e

Office

ofPublic

Affairs

has

reviewed this

report,an dit

is

releasabletothe

National

Technical

Information

Service,

whereit

will

be

availabletoth egeneralpublic,

including

foreignnationals.

This

report

ha s

been

reviewed

an d

is

approvedfo r

publication.

Government

agencies

an d

theircontractors

registeredwith

Defense

Technical

InformationCenter(DTIC)

should

directrequests

fo r

copies

to

DTIC, 8725

John

.Kingman

Rd.,

STE

944,

Ft.

Belvoir,

V A 2060-6218.

Non-Government

agencies

may

purchase

copiesof this

report

from:

ational

TechnicalInformation

Services

(NTIS),

5285

PortRoyalRoad,Springfield VA

2161-2103.

r o j K f p f e l ,

/Lt,

USAF,

BSC

Project

Manager,

Water

Quality

D .Montgomery,LtTfol,

USAF,

BSC

i f ,

Bioenvironmental Engineering

Division

[DTIC Q U AL IT YINSPECTED 8


3/276

REPORT

DOCUMENTATIONPAGE

Form

Approved

OMBNo.

0704-0188

Publiceportingburden

forthiscollectionof

information

s

estimated

to

average hour

per

response,ncluding

thetimefor

reviewing

instructions,

searching

existing

data

sources

gathering

andmaintaining

the

data

needed,

an dcompletingan deviewinghecollection

of

information.end

comments

egarding

this

burden

estimate

or

an y

other

aspect

of

thi

collectionof

information,ncluding

suggestions

for

reducing

thisburden,oWashingtonHeadquarters

Services,Directoratefor

InformationOperations

an d

Reports,1215

Jefferson

Davis

Highway,

Suite1204,Arlington,

VA

2202-4302,and

to

the

Officeof

Management

andBudget,PaperworkReduct ion

Project

(0704-0188),

Washington,

DC

20503.

1.

GENCY

USE

ONLYLeave

blank)

2.REPORTDATE

September

1995

3.

REPORT

TYPE

AND

DATES

COVERED

inalfo rPeriodJanuary

99 5

4. TITLE

ANDSUBTITLE

WastewaterTreatmentPlantEnvironmental

StudyFinal

Operationsan dMaintenance

Manual,

ha wA irForceBase,

outhCarolina

6.AUTHOR(S)

Michael

F.Hewittan dCharles

Baylot

5 .

FUNDINGNUMBERS

C:F33615-89-D-4003

7.

PERFORMING

ORGANIZATION

NAME(S )

AN D

ADDRESS(ES)

Parsons

Engineering

Science,

Inc.

57ExecutiveParkSouth,

N.E.

Suite500

Atlanta,Georgia30329

8.

ERFORMING

ORGANIZATION

REPORT

NUMBER

9 .

SPONSORING/MONITORING

AGENCY

NAME(S )

AND

ADDRESS(ES)

ArmstrongLaboratory

Occupational

an d

Environmental

Health

Directorate

BioenvironmentalEngineeringDivision

2402

E

Drive

Brooks

A ir

Force

Base.Texas

78235-5114

10.

SPONSORING/MONITORING

AGENCYREPORT

NUMBER

AL/OE-CR-1995-0008

11.SUPPLEMENTARYNOTES

12a.

DISTRIBUTION

AVAILABILITY

STATEMENT

Approvedfo rpublicrelease;

distributionisunlimited.

12b.DISTRIBUTIONCODE

13.

ABSTRACT

Maximum

200

words)

Aspartofth eU.S.AirForcewastewatertreatmentplantenvirnonmentalstudyprogramfo r

improving

th eperformanceof

wastewatertreatment

plantsserving

th e

A ir

Force

installations,

this

volume

ha sbe

prepared

fo r

th e

operations

an d

maintenance

stafffo rthepurposeofsuccessfullyoperatingth eShawA irForceBasewastewatertreatmentplant(WWTP).

This

manual

is

intended

to

serve

both

asatrainingresourcean d

as

a

routinely

used

guideto

assist

in

the

day-to-dayoperatio

an dmaintenanceofthetreatment

facility.

14.SUBJECT

TERMS

Wastewater,

maintenance,

safety

15.NUMBER

OF

PAGES

269

16.

PRICE

CODE

17.SECURITYCLASSIF ICATION

OFREPORT

Unclassified


OF

THISPAGE

Unclassified


OFABSTRACT

Unclassified

20 .

LIMITAT IONOF

ABSTRACT

U L

wWMnrmsPEtnmB

StandardForm

298

(Rev.2-89)EG

Prescribed

by

ANS I

Std.

239.18

Designed

usingPerform

Pro,

WHS/DIOR,

O ct

9


4/276

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER INTRODUCTIONTO THE

SHAWAIR

FORCEBASE

WASTEWATER

TREATMENTSYSTEM -1

1.1

ntroduction

1

1.2eneralProcess

Description

-

5

1.2.1

Major

Treatment

Units

3

1.3peratoran dManagementResponsibility -7

1.3.1

perator

Responsibility

7

1.3.2

anagement

Responsibility ~

7

1.5

ermits

11

1.6

ludge

Land

Application

Permit

l

4

1.7

ersonnelRequirements

1

1.7.1ertification

Requirements

l

6

1.7.2

anpower

Requirements -16

CHAPTER

2

DESCRIPTIONOF

FACILITY

-1

2.1

ntroduction

1

2.1.1

General

1

2.2

ollectionSysteman dLiftStations

2

2.3

reliminaryTreatment

4

2.3.1

lant

Headworks

-4

2.3.2

ri t

Chamber

'

4

2.3.3

qualization

Basin

4

2.3.4

nfluent

Pump

Station

4

2.4

erationBasins "

2.5econdaryClarifiers

-7

2.6

ertiaryFilters

-8

2.7

hlorine

Contact

Chamber

-9

2.8

erobicDigesters -ll

2.9

ludge

DryingBeds

12

2.10

igestedSludge/LimeConditioningSystem -13

2.11and

Application

System

-14

CHAPTER3 THEORYOF

OPERATION

OF

UNIT

PROCESSES

-1

3.1

Preliminary

Treatment

1

3.1.1

ntroduction 1

3.1.2

creening

1

3.1.3rinders

and

Macerators

1

3.1.4ri t

Removal

2

3.1.5

ri t

Collection '

2

TOC.WW2


5/276

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

(CONTINUED)

Page

3.1.6

GritDisposal -2

3.2

BiologicalTreatmentProcess

-3

3.2.1ntroduction

-3

3.2.2

icroorganisms

in

Biological

Systems -3

3.2.2.1

Bacteria

-3

3.2.2.2

Fungi -5

3.2.2.3Algae -5

3.2.2.4Protozoaan dHigherAnimals -6

3.2.3

acterial

Utilization

of

Food

-6

3.2.4

actors

AffectingGrowth

-7

3.2.5

qualization

-10

3.2.5.1

Purpose

ofWastewater

Equalization

-10

3.2.5.2Flow-ThroughEqualization

-11

3.2.5.3

OperationalConsiderations

-12

3.2.6

ctivatedSludge

-12

3.2.6.1

Steps

in

the

ActivatedSludgeProcess-14

3.2.6.2

ActivatedSludgeFlowModels

-18

3.2.6.3

FactorsAffecting

the

ActivatedSludgeProcess

-1 8

3.2.6.4OperationalParameters

-20

3.2.6.5

TotalSolidsInventoryApproach

-22

3.2.6.6

SludgeAgeAsA

Control

Parameter-22

3.2.6.7EstablishmentOfDesirableMLSS

Ranges

-24

3.2.6.8

MonitoringSludge

Blanket

Depth

-24

3.2.6.9SludgeWastingStrategy -2 5

3.2.6.10

xygen(DO)UptakeRate

-26

3.2.6.11xygenUptakeRate

Determination

-2 7

3.2.6.12ettleabilityTests -2 8

3.3

econdary

Clarification

-30

3.3.1

ntroduction -30

3.3.2

heory

of

Operation

-30

3.3.3ensityCurrents

-3 3

3.3.4

perating

Parameters -3 5

3.3.4.1

Hydraulic

Loading

-3 5

3.3.4.2

DetentionTime -3 5

3.3.4.3

Weir

OverflowRate -3 5

3.3.4.4

Solids

Removal

-36

3.4iltration -3 7

TOC.WW2


6/276


7/276

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

(CONTINUED)

Page

5.2.2.1SpecificMethodUtilized

-3

5.2.2.2

Summary

of

Method -3

5.2.3ample

Pretreatment

-3

5.2.3.1TemperatureAdjustments -3

5.2.3.2

Check

fo r

C12

Residual -3

5.2.3.3AdjustmentofSample

pH

-4

5.2.4

ample

Dechlorination

-4

5.2.4.1Determination

ofthe

Amount

of

Sodium

Sulfite

Solution

Needed

to

Dechlorinate

Samples

-4

5.2.5aboratoryPure

Water -6

5.2.5.1 DistilledWaterPreparation -6

5.2.5.2BODDilution

Water

-6

5.2.6olyseed

Innoculum--

Seed -7

5.2.6.1

Needed

Items

-7

5.2.6.2

Procedure -7

5.2.7ODProcedure -8

5.2.7.1

Needed

Items -8

5.2.7.2Set U p

-8

5.2.7.3Initial

D O

Readings -9

5.2.8

btaining

Results

-10

5.2.8.1

Final

D O

Readings -10

5.2.8.2CalculatingSeedFactor -1 1

5.2.8.3

FindingFinalDepletion

-11

5.2.8.4Finding

BOD,mg/1an d

Average

BOD,mg/1

-11

5.2.9alibration

of

DissolvedOxygen

Electrode-11

5.3

Total

Suspended

SolidsAnalyses

-14

5.3.1copeand

Application -14

5.3.2

ethodology

-14

5.3.2.1 SpecificMethod

Utilized -14

5.3.2.2

V

Summary

ofMethod -14

5.3.3

nterferences:

-14

5.3.4pparatus

an dMaterials -1 5

5.3.4.1

pparatus -1 5

5.3.4.2aterials -15

5.3.5rocedure

-1 5

5.3.5.1

Preparation

of

the

GlassFiberFilter-1 5

5.3.5.2SampleAnalysis -16

IV

TOC.WW2


8/276

TABLE

OFCONTENTS

(CONTINUED)

Page

5.3.5.3

Calculating

Total

Suspended

Solids,

mg/1

-16

5.4

ecal

Coliform

Membrane

Filter

Procedure -18

5.4.1copean d

Application

-1 8

5.4.2ethodology -18

5.4.2.1Specific

Method

Utilized -1 8

5.4.2.2

Summary

ofMethod -1 8

5.4.3

upporting

Materials

an d

Equipment

-1 8

5.4.3.1

Apparatus

an d

Materials

-18

5.4.3.2

Reagents

-19

5.4.4nalyticalProcedures -19

5.4.4.1Sterilization

of

Equipment

-19

5.4.4.2

Preparation

ofPhosphate

Buffer

Solution-19

5.4.4.3Equipment

an d

MaterialPreparation -20

5.4.4.4SamplePreparation

an dFiltration -2 1

5.4.4.5

Counting

MembraneFilterColonies -22

5.4.4.6Calculationof

Coliform Density -22

5.5h

Analyses

-2 3

5.5.1

cope

an d

Application

-2 3

5.5.2

ethodology

-2 3

5.5.2.1Specific

Method

Utilized

-2 3

5.5.2.2Summary

ofMethod -2 3

5.5.3

wo

BufferCalibrations

-2 3

5.5.3.1Introduction -2 3

5.5.3.2

Calibrationof

pH

Meter -24

5.5.3.3SampleMeasurements -2 5

5.5.4ne-Buffer

Auto

Calibration -26

5.5.4.1 Introduction -26

5.5.4.2

Calibration -26

5.5.4.3SampleMeasurements

-26

5.6

hlorineResidual

-

ColorimetricMethod

-2 8

5.6.1cope

andApplication -28

5.6.2ethodology

28

5.6.2.1SpecificMethodUtilized -28

5.6.3ummary

ofMethod -28

5.6.4

otal

Residual

Chlorine

-28

5.6.4.1

Apparatus

an d

Materials -28

5.6.4.2

Procedure

-29

H:\725689\948J117\TOC.WW2


9/276

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

(CONTINUED)

Page

5.6.5ree

Residual

Chlorine

-29

5.6.5.1

Procedure -29

5.6.6tandardAdditionsfo r

AnalyticalAccuracy

Control

-30

5.6.61

ntroduction

-30

5.6.6.2

Apparatus

-30

5.6.6.3

Procedure -30

5.6.6.4Procedurefo rCurve -3 1

CHAPTER

6

SAFETY

A

6.1

ntroduction

1

6.2

mpact

of

Regulations

on

Safety/GeneralConsiderations

3

6.2.1anagement

Responsibilities

-3

6.2.2

mployee

Responsibilities

4

6.2.3afety

Inspections

-5

6.2.4

ccidentInvestigation

an dReporting

-5

6.3

lantProtectiveDevices -6

6.3.1andrails 6

6.3.2

alkways -6

6.3.3

el t

an d

Coupling

Guards

-6

6.3.4afety

Signs -7

6.3.5

ireExtinguishingEquipment

7

6.4

ersonal

ProtectiveDevices

-9

6.4.1

an dProtection 9

6.4.2

oo t

Protection 9

6.4.3

od y

Protection

-9

6.4.4

ye

Protection

-9

6.4.5afety

Shower

and

Eyewash

Facilities

10

6.4.6

oise

Protection

10

6.4.7espiratory

Protection

-10

6.4.7.1Self-Contained BreathingApparatus

11

6.4.8edical

Services

an d

FirstAid 11

6.5

ersonal

Health 13

6.5.1

ygiene/BacterialInfection 13

6.5.2

irstAid -14

6.6lantHazards

an dSafetyProcedures 15

6.6.1ire

an d

Explosion

Hazards

15

6.6.2

ases

16

6.6.2.1Hydrogen

Sulfide 16

VI

T O C.WW2


10/276

TABLE

OFCONTENTS

(CONTINUED)

Page

6.7

lectricalMaintenanceSafety 20

6.7.1eneral

Electrical

Safety

Rules 20

6.7.2olding

an d

Locking

Out

Electrical

Circuits

21

6.7.3xplosion-ProofEquipment 22

6.7.4

ireExtinguishers 23

6.8

onfinedSpace

Safety

24

6.8.1efinition

of

Confined

Space 24

6.8.2

lassification

ofConfinedSpaces 24

6.8.3

arning

Signs 25

6.8.4

ermit-Required

ConfinedSpaceEntryPermit

System

25

6.8.5ntry

Permit

26

6.8.6quipment

fo r

Permit-Required

Entry 27

6.8.7

tmospheric

Testing

ofPermit-Required

Confined

Spaces

28

6.8.8solatingthePermitSpace

31

6.8.9esponsibilities

an dDuties

of

Personnel

Conducting

Permit-RequiredConfinedSpace

Operations

31

6.8.10Training

fo r

Permit-RequiredConfinedSpace

Work33

CHAPTER

7

MAINTENANCE

A

7.1

ntroduction

1

7.2

reventiveMaintenance ~

2

7.2.1

quipment

Inspection 7

-3

7.2.2ubrication

~ 3

7.2.3inorAdjustments 3

7.2.4ousekeeping ~

4

7.2.5

ools

an dTool

Room

Control

4

7.3

lant

Maintenance

Program

6

7.4

aintenance

RecordKeepingan dScheduling -9

7.4.1

quipmentData ~ 9

7.4.2parePartsRecords ~ 9

7.4.3

nventory

Control

10

7.5

reventive

MaintenanceSchedule H

7.5.1 Safety

Precautions

11

CHAPTER

8 STANDARD

OPERATING PROCEDURES

-1

8.1

ntroduction

1

8.2eneralStandards

ofPerformance

11

Vll

T O C.WW2


11/276

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

(CONTINUED)

Page

CHAPTER

9

REC ORDS

ANDREPORTING 1

9.1 Records

an d

Reporting

-1

9.1.1

aily

OperatingLogs

1

9.1.2

onthly

OperatingLogs -2

9.1.3onthlyReportstoRegulatoryAgencies2

9.1.4

aboratoryWorksheets -2

9.1.5ludge

Disposal

Records

3

CHAPTER10

NONDOMESTIC

DISCHARGES 0- 1

10.1

Nondomestic

Discharges 0-1

10.1.1

ources

of

NondomesticDischarges

0- 1

10.1.2

Importance

of

PretreatmentPrograms

fo rNondomestic

Discharges 0-3

10.1.3

esponsibilities

fo r

NondomesticPollutantGenerators

0-4

APPENDIX

A

EXAMPLE

LABORATORY

REC ORD,

DATA

SHEETS

APPENDIX

B

SUGGESTEDMAINTENANCE

RECORD

KEEPING

FORMS

APPENDIX

C SHAWAFB

PROCESS

CONTROLDATA

COLLECTION

FORMS

vm

Hi\725689\S48J117\TOC.WW2


12/276

LISTOF

FIGURES

No. itle

age

1.1

lowSchematic,

ShawA.F.B.

Wastewater

TreatmentPlant

-4

1.2

ha w

AFB W W T P

Organizational

Chart

7

3.1

dealized

Particle

Settling

in

a

Gravity

Clarifier -3 3

6.1

tmosphericTesting: ro m

the

Outside,

Top

to

Bottom -29

7.1

ecurring

Work

Program

Report

7

7.2AS

TaskDetailScreen

_8

8.1

erationGritChamber/Inf.

ParshallFlumeEqualizationBasin/ScrewPump

Station

Valve

an d

Equipment

Diagram -2

8.2

ha wAFB

W W T P

AerationBasinsValve/EquipmentDiagram

-3

8.3

ha wAFB

W W T PLiftStation

30 6

Valve/Equipment

Diagram

-4

8.4

ha w

AFB

W W T P

Secondary

Clarifier

Valve/Equipment

Diagram

-5

8.5

haw

AFBW W T P

Pump

StationValve/EquipmentDiagram-6

8.6

haw

AFB

Filters

Piping

an d

ValveDiagram -7

8.7

haw

AFB

Chlorine

Contact

Tanks

Piping

an d

Valve

Diagram

-8

8.8haw AFB

Sludge

Drying

Beds

an dAerobic

Digesters

Piping

an d

Valve

Diagram

-9

8.9

ha w

AFB

W W T P

Lime

Stabilization

Process

an d

Digested

Sludge

Pump

Station

Flow

Diagram

10

IX

H:\725689\948J117WTOC.WW2


13/276

LIST

OFTABLES

No.

Title age

1 .1

haw

AFB

WWTP

NPDESPermitLimitations -H

1.2

hawAFB

WWTP

Ceiling

Concentrations -1

4

4.1

hawAFB

WastewaterTreatmentPlant

Sampling/Analytical

Schedule

-2

4.2

ecommended

Sampling

Sizes

andPreservation

Methods

-10

4.3

haw

AFB

Wastewater

Treatment

Plant

SuggestedSamplingPoints

-12

4.4

ecommendedAnalytical

Schedule -13

6.1haracteristicsof

Gases

Common

to

the

Wastewater

Industry-17

7.1

if tStationNo.306,PreventiveMaintenance

Schedule -12

7.2

ift

Station

No.116,

PreventiveMaintenance

Schedule -13

7.3

ift

Station

No.

T-28,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-14

7.4

ift

Station

No.

600

(new),

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule

-15

7.5if tStationNo.600

(old),

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule

-16

7.6if t

Station

No.

1130,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-17

7.7if tStation

No.

HQ ,

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule -18

7.8

ift

StationNo.

1216,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule -19

7.9if t

Station

No.

1600,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-2 0

7.10

ift

Station

No.

0012,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-21

7.11

ift

Station

No.

3227,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule -2 2

7.12

ift

Station

No.

5630,

PreventiveMaintenanceSchedule

-23

7.13

qualization

Basin

Blowers,

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule-2 4

7.14

rit

ChamberBasin

Blowers,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-2 5

7.15

rit

Collector

andScrew

Conveyor,

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule

-26

7.16

arshall

Humes

(Influent,Effluent,RAS),

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-27

7.17

crewPumps,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule -28

7.18

crew

Pump

Motor

ControlPanel,

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule-29

7.19

crewPump

DynamaticAdjustable

AC

Drive,Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule

-30

7.20

eration

Tanks,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-31

7.21econdary

Clarifiers,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-32

7.22ertiaryFilters,


Schedule

-33

7.23

hlorinator

and

Sulfumators,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-34

7.24

hlorineContactTanks,

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule

-35

7.25

erobicDigesters,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-36

7.26

igester

Blowers,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule -37

7.27

igested

Sludge

Pump

Station,

Preventive


7.28

imeStabilizationProcess,

Preventive


7.29

igested

SludgePump

Station -40

H:\725689\948I117WTOC.WW2


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No.

LIST

OF

TABLES

(CONTINUED)

Title ag e

7.30

im eStabilization

Blowers,

Preventive

MaintenanceSchedule

-41

7.31

ackwashHolding

Pumps,


Schedule

-42

7.32

lant

Gates,

Valves,

and

SluiceGates,

Preventive

Maintenance

Schedule

-43

8.1tandard

Operating

Procedure,

Preliminary

Treatment

Structures-12

8.2

tandard

OperatingProcedure,

Equalization -14

8.3tandardOperatingProcedure,

Screw

Pump

Structure -15

8.4tandard

Operating

Procedure,AerationBasins

-16

8.5

tandard

Operating

Procedure,

Lift

Station

306

-18

8.6

tandard

OperatingProcedure,Secondary

Clarifiers -19

8.7

tandard

Operating

Procedure,

TertiaryFilters -21

8.8

tandard

OperatingProcedure,

Chlorination/Dechlorination-2 4

8.9

tandard

OperatingProcedure,Aerobic

Digesters

and

Sludge

DryingBeds

-2 6

8.10

tandardOperatingProcedure,

LimeStabilization

Process

-29

XI

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter1

CHAPTER

1

INTRODUCTIONTOTHE

SHAW

AIRFORCEBASE

WASTEWATER TREATMENTSYSTEM

1 .1 INTRODUCTION

This

olumeasee nreparedor

he

perations

nd

maintenancetafffo rhe

purpose

of

successfullyoperatingtheha wAir

Force

Base

wastewater

treatment

plant

(WWTP). hismanual

is

intended

to

servebothasatraining

resource

andasa

routinely

used

guide

to

assist

in

theday-to-day

operation

an d

maintenance

of

the

treatmentfacility.

Thespecificpurposeof

this

manual

is

to

provide

the

informationnecessary

fo r

plant

personnel

o

makeproper

ecisions

hat

will

nsureuccessful

peration

ftheplant.

This

manualfulfills

this

goal

by:

1)

acquainting

personnel

with

the

overall

capabilities

of

the

equipment;

2)

nstructinghemn

the

purposeandntended

peration

f

each

process;

an d

(3)

providing

themwith

the

necessary

instructions

fo r

theproperoperation

an dmaintenance

of the

facility.

The

hapters

f

he & M

anual

re

n

ttempt

o

rovide omplete

nd

straightforwarddescriptions

of

the

fundamental

concepts

related

to

the

treatmentfacility.

Itis

oped

hatthroughfrequent

nd

outinesef

the

manual,lantpersonnelwill

become

thoroughlyfamiliar

with

thefundamentals

presented

an d

will

be

able

to

identify

problems

nd

etermine

ourse

f

ction

or

heir

olution.

o

manual,

owever

complete

an dwellprepared,canreplacegood judgmenton

the

partof

plantpersonnelin

ensuringuccessful

peration

f

the

wastewater

reatment

facility.

here

re

ar

oo

manyossibleroblems

nd

ituations

hat

he

perations

nd

maintenance

taffwill

have

to

face

fo r

an y

such

document

to

coverthem

all

in

detail.

The rganization

f

his

aterial

s

ntendedo

ak e

t

asy

o

ind esired

information

an d

keep

itup

to

date. he

format

an d

us e

of

a

numericaloutlinewillallow

selected

portions

ofthe

manual

to

be

easily

revised

an d

updated.ewchaptersca n

be

added

or

existing

chapters

expandedwithout

affecting

he

remainderof

the

document.

No

manual

written

without

thebenefit

of

actual

operating

experience

an d

inputfromthe

plant

operators

willbe

either

completeor

entirely

correct.

tishopedthatthesechapters

will

be

periodically

updatedto

keep

them

current

an d

maintaintheirusefulness. eview

H:\725689\948J117\C-1.WW2

1-1


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Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

an d

commentsfromthe

plant

operating

personnel

are

essentialtoheusefulnessof

the

O& M

manual.

Operators

hould

lso

tilize

ther

esources

vailable

o

hem

hen

aking

operational

decisions.

hese

include

plans

an d

specifications,

vendor

suppliedmaterials,

an d

relevant

trainingmaterials.

eferences

tothese

materials

willbe

made

throughout

theO& M

manual.

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter

1 .2

GENERAL

PROCESS

DESCRIPTION

The

ha w

FB

astewaterreatment lants iologicalreatmentystem

employing

the

activatedsludge

process

toachievesecondary

treatment

levels.

he

plant

employsrimary

nd

econdaryreatmentrocesses,ludgetabilization,nd ludge

dewatering rocesses.

hereatment

lant

s

esigned

o

reat n verage aily

wastewater

low

f .2

million

allons

er

ay

MGD).

he

reatment

lant's

most

recent

major

modification

was

completed

in

March1994.

1.2.1

Major

Treatment

Units

The

majortreatmentunits

attheShaw

AFB

wastewater

treatmentplant

are:

creening

ri tRemoval

iological

Treatment

(ActivatedSludge)

econdary

Clarifiers

ulti-Media

Filtration

erobic

Digesters

ryingBeds

im eStabilizationof

Liquid

Sludge

ludge

LandApplication

isinfection

(Chlorination)

echlorination

Figure

.1'

presents

aflow

schematic

ofthe

Shaw

AFB

wastewatertreatmentplant.

Major

unitprocesses

and

flowstreams

are

identified

in

the

schematic.

In

addition

to

thewastewater

treatmentplant,

the

operations

an d

maintenance

staff

are

responsible

fo r

the

operation

of

twelve

liftstations

locatedthroughouttheShaw

AFB.

These

liftstationsareidentifiedand

located

asfollows:

tation

No.

0012Shaw

Drive

Pumping

Station

tationNo.0116AeroClubLiftStation

tation

No.

T-28

Mobile

Communications

Bldg.

Lift

Station

H:\725689\948J11

AC-1.WW2

1-3


18/276


19/276

PLANTFFLUENT

TO

EECH CREEK

FLOW

SHA

WASTEWAT

P

SUIFER

DIOXIDE

FEED


20/276

Figure

2.1

PLANT

FFLUENT

TO

EECH CREEK

WAS

PUMP

STATION

TERTIARY

FILTER

BLDG.

P

CHLORINE

CONTACT/

BACKWASH

HOLDING

TANK

FILTER

YPASS

DIGESTED

SLUDGE

PUMP

STATION

FLOW

CHEMATIC

SHAW

.F.B.

WASTEWATER

TREATMENT

PLANT

SULFER

DIOXIDE

F E E D

LEfiENQ

PLANT ORWARD

FLOW

SLUDGE

LOW

CHEMICAL EED

BACKWASH/SUPERNATANT/

UNDERDRAIN

ENGINEERING-SCIENCE

1-4


21/276

Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

1

StationNo.

60 0

MainLift

Station

Station

No.

60 0

Old

Main

Lift

Station

Station

No.130

9th

Air

Force

Lift

Station

Station

No.

HQ

Headquarters

StationNo.216

Aircraft

Maintenance

Lift

Station

Station

No.

600

AGEMaintenance

Lift

Station

StationNo.

3227

Old

Wherry

Housing

Area

Lift

Station

Station

No.5630

New

Wherry

Housing

AreaLift

Station

Station

No.0306

W W T P

Influent

PumpStation

H:\725689\948J117\C-1.WW2

1-5


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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter1

1 .3 OPERATOR

AND

MANAGEMENT

RESPONSIBILITY

1.3.1

peratorResponsibility

Greatum s

f

ublic

unds

ave

ee n

nvested

n

any

arge

nd

omplex

wastewater

treatmentfacilities

to

meetthedischargerequirementsnecessary

to

maintain

an d

protectthe

environment.

ecause

of

their

function,

the

wastewatertreatmentplant

operatorslay eyole

n

ollutionontrol.ithoutfficientperation fach

facility,

the

research,

planning,

nd

construction

hat

ha s

beenon etoccomplish

he

goals

fwater

qualitycontrol

willbewasted.hus,

he

reatment

plant

perator

an

make

he

ifference

etween

ollution

ontrol

quipment

which

s

erformingust

adequatelyr

xcellently.

peratorsaveeryesponsible

nd

mportant

osition

since

they

are

the

only

ones

who

control

ho wwell

the

wastewater

will

be

treated

before

it

is

discharged

into

the

environment.

The

Shaw

AFB

operators

areresponsiblefo rthe

overall

operation

an d

maintenance

ofthe

WWTP.

heir

dutiesencompassall

activitiesofthe

W W T P

an d

inotherareas,

such

as

liftstations

an d

swimmingpools

and

water

treatmentunits.

1.3.2anagement

Responsibility

Management fhe ha w FB astewater

lant,

ncluding

he hief fhe

Operationsranch

f

ivil

ngineering,nfrastructure

uperintendent,

on -

commissioned

fficer-in-Charge

NCOIC),

nd

tility

perations

upervisor

ave

responsibility

fo rprovidingadministrative

and

supervisory

control

over

the

operation

and

maintenance

f

hereatment

ystem.

hese

esponsibilitiesnclude

upervisory

direction,

personnel

management,

an d

coordinationwithotheron-base

support

services.

Management

s

lso

esponsible

or

nsuring

ffective

ommunication

mong ll

personnel,encouraging

operational

suggestions,an d

marshaling

the

necessary

resources

fo r

eeded

rojects

ttheW W T P .

igure

.2

rovides

n

rganization

hart

orhe

Shaw

AFB

WWTP.

H:\725689\948J117\C-1.WW2

1-6


23/276

Figure1.2

SHAWAFB

WWTP

ORGANIZATIONALCHART

BASE

CIVIL

ENGINEER

20

CES/CC

DEPUTYBASECIVIL

ENGINEER

20

CES/CE2

CH,

ENV IRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

BRANCH

20

CES/CEV

m

S5OTi7Prag94

NGINEER

I

CHIEFOPERAT IONS

BRANCH

20 CES/CEO

1

INFRASTRUCTURE

SUPER INTENDENT

20

CES/CEOI

3

SANITATIONSUPERVISOR

20

CES/CEOID

U

UTILITY

SYSTEM

OPERAT IONSSUPERVISOR

20

CES/IUA

WASTEWATER

TREATMENT

PLANT

OPERAT IONS

WENT

I

ill

1-7

ENGINEERING-SCIEN


24/276

Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

1 .4

OPERATORTRAININGANDSELECTEDREFERENCEMATERIALS

Therereo

ormal

raining

rograms

vailableorthemilitary

perators

t

he

Shaw

AFB

W W TP.

n-the-job

training

is

the

primary

training

mechanism

used.

To

enhance

aself-study

program,

a

number

ofmoreadvancedmaterialsspecific

to

theShawAFB

wastewater

treatment

plant

shouldbe

obtained

fo r

use

by

theoperators.

RecommendedeferencesromheWater nvironment ederationformerWater

Pollution

Control

Federation)

include:

anual

of

Practice

Operation

nd

Maintenance

f

Wastewater

Collection

Systems

anual

of

Practice

OM-3

Plant

Maintenance

Program

anual

of

PracticeMOP 16 AnaerobicSludgeDigestion

anual

ofPractice11 Operation

ofWastewater

Treatment

Plants

anual

f

Practice OM 1 Wastewateramplingorrocessnd Quality

Control

In

addition

tothe

above

self-studymaterials,itis

recommended

thatthe

following

approaches

to

operatortrainingbe

adopted

atthe

Shaw

AFB

wastewatertreatmentplant:

n

n-house

raining

rogram

tilizing

lant

ersonnel

nd

ase

esources

focused

npecific

lant

rocesses nd

reatment-related

ubjects

hould

e

adopted. lasses

should

be

held

on

at

least

a

monthly

basis.

ttendance

tutside

raining

choolsr

training

ourses

rovided

by

utside

trainersshouldbe

encouraged

to

the

extent

possible

within

budget

constraints.

nformalgroupstudysessionsamong

theoperatorsduringshift

hoursshouldbe

encouraged

to

promote

discussion

and

interest

in

the

operationof thewastewater

plant.

ithin

budget

constraints,

operatorsshould

participate

in

correspondence

course

training

offeredbyCalifornia

StateUniversityatSacramento.

As

n

dditional

spectfthe

raining

rogram,

he

wastewater

perators

hould

have ccess

o

arious eriodicals ertaining

o

astewater

reatment.

monghe

recommended

periodicalsare:

H:\725689\948J117\C-1.WW2


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Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

Operationsorum, ublication

fhe

rofessional

Wastewater

perations

Division

of

theWater

EnvironmentFederation.

Water

Environment

and

Technology.

H:\725689\948J117\C-1.WW2

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter

1 .5 PERMITS

The

Shaw

AFB

W W T Pis

designed

to

be

in

compliance

with

the

NationalPollutant

DischargeEliminationSystem

(NPDES)

Permit

(SC

0024970).

he

Shaw

AFB

W W T P

dischargesoeechreekributary

which

ischarges

o

heWateree iver.

he

NPDESpermit

discharge

permit

limitations

are

presented

in

Table

1.1.

Inddition

o

he

riteria

resented

n

able

.1,

eneral

peratingequirements

which

shouldbe

followed

aresummarizedbelow.

1 .

he

plantshouldhave

a

continuousrecording

flow

monitoring

systemcapable

of

measuring

and

recording

the

total

and

maximum

dailyflow.

he

calibration

an daccuracyof

the

plantflow

meter

must

be

maintained

uc h

that

flowsre

measured

with

a

deviation

of

less

than

0

percent

from

the

true

discharge

rate

throughoutthe

expected

rangeof

flows.

2.onitoring

esults

btained

ac h onthhall

eeported onthly n

Discharge

Monitoring

Report

FormtotheSouth

Carolina

DepartmentofHealth

an d

EnvironmentalControl

DHEC).hereports

mustbe

ubmittedno

ater

than

the

28th

day

ofthe

following

month.

3.

est rocedures

or

he nalysis f

ollutants

hall onformohe tate

Environmental aboratory

ertification

egulations

nd

0

FR

ar t 36

Chapter

1,

Subchapter

D.

4.

ecords

of

monitoring

data

shall

be

maintainedincludingthe

date,exactplace,

an d

timeofsampling

or

measurement,theinitialsof

the

person

performing

the

measurement,

the

datesand

times

theanalyseswere

performed,

referenceto

the

written

procedure

used,an dthe

raw

data

and

final

resultsof

theanalyses.

5.fmonitoringof

an y

pollutantis

performedmore

frequently

than

requiredby

the

permitusing

approved

analytical

methods,

the

results

hall

be

ncluded

in

the

calculations

an dreporting

on

the

Discharge

Monitoring

Reports.

6.

ll

records

an d

information

collected

from

the

monitoring

activities

requiredby

theermit,ncludingll

ecords

f

analysis,alibration,nd

maintenancef

instruments

an d

flowmeters,

shall

be

retainedfo r

3years.

H:\725689\948J

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1-10


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TABLE1.1

Shaw

AFBWWTP

NPDES

PermitLimitations

Parameter

Units

30-Day

Average

Daily

Maximum

Daily

Minimum

Flow

MG D

1.2

Monitoronly

~

Biochemical

Oxygen

Demand

(5-day)

mg/1

15

30

Suspended

Solids

mg/1

30

60

-

Ammonia(N H

?

-N )

(Mar-Oct)

mg/1

4.0

DissolvedOxygen

mg/1

-

-

6.0

TotalResidual

Chlorine

(TRC)

UgA

100

TotalPhenols

mg/1

Monitor

Only

~

Fecal

Coliform

Colonies/

100ml

1,000

2,000

pH Standard

Units

-

8.5

6.0

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1-11


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Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

1

7.oncompliance ith

rovisions

nd

imitations

n

he ermit hich ay

endanger

public

health

orthe

environmentmust

be

reported

to

DHEC

verbally

within

4

ours ndn riting ithin ays fecoming ware fuc h

conditions. hereportshould

include

adescription

of

the

discharge

an d

cause

of

noncompliance

an d

the

period

f

noncompliance

ncluding

xact

datesnd

times.

oncompliance

of

a

nature

notconsidered

tobea

danger

to

public

health

or

he

nvironmenthould

e

eported

n

arrativeorm t

he

im e

f

submittal

of

the

Discharge

Monitoring

Report.

8.

heW W T P

shall

at

all

times

be

properly

operated

an d

maintained,

includingall

systemsinstalled

to

achieve

compliancewiththepermit. roperoperation

an d

maintenanceinclude

effectiveperformance

in

ccordance

with

design

criteria,

adequate

peratortaffing

nd

raining,

nd

dequateaboratorynd

rocess

controls.

9.n

operator

shall

be

provided

whoha s

agrade

equal

to

orhigher

(as

certified

by

the

outh

arolina

oard

f

ertificationornvironmentalystems

Operators)thanthe

classificationdesignatedfo rthe

plant. or

theShawAFB,a

minimum

ClassB

operatorisrequired.

H:\725689\948J117\C-1.WW2

1-12


29/276

Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter1

1 .6 SLUDGELANDAPPLICATIONPERMIT

The

ha wAFB

W W T P

as

an dApplicationermit,

tate

an dApplication

Permit

#ND0070173,

toapply

digested,

stabilizedsludge

to

a71-acre

tractof

forested

land

on

the

base.

hepermitcontainsrequirements

fo r

monitoring

of

sludge,

oil,

an d

groundwaterwells.heermit

lso

ontains

peration

ndeportingequirements.

Shaw

FB

ust

omply

ith

ll onditions

f

his

ermit.ny oncompliance

constitutesiolation

nd

s

rounds

ornforcementctionyhe

tate

f

outh

Carolina.

Concentration

limits

fo r

eachpollutantfound

in

thesewagesludge

is

se tin

Chapter

I

of

Title

40

of

the

Codeof

FederalRegulations,

Part503.13.

hese

limits

arepresented

in

Table

1.2

H:\725689\948J11TC-1.WW2

1-13


30/276

TABLE

1.2

Shaw

AFB

WWTP

Ceiling

Concentrations

Pollutant

Ceiling

Concentration

(milligramspe r

kilogram)*

Arsenic

75

Cadmium

85

Chromium

3000

Copper

4300

Lead

84 0

Mercury

57

Molybdenum

75

Nickel

420

Selenium

100

Zinc

7500

*

Dry

weightbasis

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1-14


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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter

1 .7

PERSONNELREQUIREMENTS

1.7.1ertificationRequirements

TheShaw

AFB

W W T P

is

an

activatedsludgewastewater

treatment

plantwithinthe

State

ofSouth

Carolina

and,as

such,

must

comply

with

the

rulesofDHECan d

theSouth

Carolina

Environmental

Certification

Board.HEC,

n

he

NPDES

ermit

ssued

o

Shaw

AFB,ha s

classifiedtheW W T P

asa

Class

HIBplant. classIIIB

plant

isrequired

to

have

a

Class

B

domestic

plant

operator

in

charge. he

W W T P

meetsthis

requirement.

Mr.

rooms,he

tilities

perations upervisor,

ossesses lass omestic

certificate. he

requirements

fo robtaining

aClass

Bcertificate

are

as

follows:

old

a

valid

C certificatein

wastewater

treatment.

uccessfully

complete

a

B

level

examination.

ave

a

minimum

of

threeyears

of

actual

operating

experienceas

anoperator

of

a

wastewatertreatmentplant.

Each

certificate

issued

bythe

Board

of

Certification

must

be

renewed

annuallyon

or

beforeun e 0th.

ach

pplicant

pplying

or

enewal

fwastewaterreatment

certificate

must,

inevery

2-year

period,

provide

evidence

of

having

completed2

hours

of

relevant

continuing

education.

n

lieu

of

continuing

education,

theapplicant

may

take

and

pass

the

appropriate

examination

fo r

his/hercertificate

ofahigher

grade.

1.7.2

anpowerRequirements

The

ha wAFB

W W T P

staffed

y

ne

Non-CommissionedOfficer

n

Charge

(NCOIC),

ne tility

upervisor,

ou r

ivilianlantperators,ne

aintenance

mechanic, even

military

perationspecialists, ndne

aboratory

echnician.he

overallmanagement

ofthe

wastewater

treatmentplant

is

directed

byhenfrastructure

Superintendent,

an d

above

thatposition

is

the

Chiefof

theOperations

Branchof

Civil

Engineering.

n

ddition

ohe

wastewater

treatment

plantnd

aboratory,

he

O& M

personnel

are

responsiblefo rtwelve

lift

stations,

six

waterboosterstationsthat

contain

lime,

fluoride,

an d

chloride

feeders,

an d

three

swimming

pools.

ivilian

operators

spend

approximately60-65

percent

of their

timeonactivitiesrelated

directly

to

thewastewater

treatment

lant

r

aboratory

ueo

heir

ther

esponsibilities.he

aintenance

mechanic

s

pproximately0ercentvailableor

lantmaintenance.hemilitary

operator

ha s

approximately75

percent

utilizationonutilities

O & M,

ofwhich65

percent

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Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

1

is

vailable

or

W W T Plantctivities.

he

nfrastructureuperintendent, anitation

supervisor,

nd

COIC

re

pproximately 0

ercent vailable

or lant

& M

supervisionaftertakinginto

consideration

their

off-plant

responsibilities.

his

resultsin

an

pproximate

vailable

anpower

f ight

ull-time

ersons

or

he astewater

treatment

plant.

he

plantshouldbe

staffed

24

hours

per

day.

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter2

CHAPTER2

DESCRIPTIONOFFACILITY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The

purpose

of

this

chapter

is

toprovide

a

thorough

descriptionof

the

processesan d

equipment

at

the

Shaw

AFB

wastewatertreatment

plant.

hisdescription

isdesignedto

present

a

general

understanding

of

thesystems

involved

in

the

plant,

ho w

theyfunction,

an d

ow

hey

renterrelated.om e umbersegarding

he

quipment

izes

nd

capacities

are

included

when

necessary.

2.1.1 General

The

Shaw

AFB

wastewater

treatment

plant

consists

of

abiologicaltreatmentsystem

employinghe ctivated ludge

rocess

nd

ertiary

iltration.he

lant

tilizes

preliminary

nd

econdary

nd

ertiaryreatmentrocesses.ludge

tabilization

nd

dewatering

processes

are

also

provided. flowschematicof

theShawAFBW W T Pwas

provided

in

Figure

1.1.

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter2

2 .2

COLLECTION

SYSTEM

ANDLIFT

STATIONS

The

Shaw

AFB

wastewatertreatmentplant

is

locatedin

the

southwest

quadrant

of

thebase. lowto

the

W W T P

is

through

force

mainsandaseriesof

lift

stationslocated

throughout

the

base.

he

major

sources

of

wastewater

flow

to

the

W W T P

are:

ase

housing

area

aintenance

shops

lightline

area

dministrativebuildings

Nondomesticwastewater

from

maintenanceshopsare

normally

pretreated

to

remove

floatingoils

prior

to

their

discharge

to

the

domesticsewer.

here

are

twelve

(12)

remote

liftstations

located

throughoutthe

base.

he

lift

stations

are

located

as

follows:

Station

No.0012Shaw

Drive

PumpingStation

Station

No.0116AeroClub

LiftStation

Station

No.

T-28

MobileCommunicationsBldg.Lift

Station

Station

No.

60 0Main

Lift

Station

StationNo.

60 0OldMainLiftStation

Station

No.

130

9th

Air

Force

Lift

Station

Station

No.HQ

Headquarters

StationNo.

1216

Aircraft

Maintenance

Lift

Station

Station

No.

1600

AGE

Maintenance

Lift

Station

StationNo.

3227Old

Wherry

Housing

Area

LiftStation

StationNo.5630

New

WherryHousingAreaLiftStation

Station

No.

0306

W W T P

Influent

Pump

Station

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter2

2 .3 PRELIMINARYTREATMENT

The

reliminaryreatment

rocesses

mployed

t

he

ha w

FB

W W T P

re

comminution,flow

measurement,

grit

removal,

manual

screening,

an d

influent

pumping.

2.3.1

lant

Headworks

Raw

wastewater

s

umped

ro mif t

tation

00nd

nters

he

reatmentlant

through

a4-inchpipe. hislift

station

is

equipped

with

amacerator

an d

amanualba r

screen.

here

is

n

mergencypowergeneratorlocatedatthisliftstation.ldpump

station

600

serves

as

a

backup

an ddoesno toperate

under

normal

conditions.

2.3.2

rit

Chamber

Influentflow

enters

the

new

ri t

chamber

tructurend

flows

through

he

erated

grit

chamber.

he

chamber

is23

feetlong

by4.5

feet

widean d

hasa

waterdepthof5.5

feetfo r

a

total

volume

of4,250

gallons.

t

designflow

the

hydraulic

retention

timein

the

gritchamber

is

approximately

five

minutes. he

gritchamber

is

equipped

with

tw o

blowers

nd

iriffusersorupplyingir.ri t

s

emoved

romheottom

fthe

chamber

by

a

motorized

collector

with

buckets

mounted

ona

drive

chain.

he

buckets

pullgrit

toward,

collection

sump

at

theinfluenten dof

thechamber. he

grit

is

picked

up

from

thesumpby

thegrit

screw

conveyer

an d

deposited

in

th e

grit dumpster.

2.3.3qualizationBasin

Pretreated

nfluent

astewater lows

ohe

lant

qualizationasin.

he

equalization

asin

ampens

lownd

oncentration

pikes

o

hereatment

lanty

providing

an

in-line

reservoirof

wastewater.

he

equalization

basinis

54

feet

by54

feet

an d

16.5

feetdeep

with

an

approximate

volume

of350,000gallons.

he

basin

volume

is

capable

ofholding

approximately

8

hoursofaveragedaily

flow.

he

equalization

basin

is

quipped

with

wo

88

ubic-feet-per-minute

entrifugal

lowers

or

erating nd

mixing

the

influent

wastewater

through

agrid

piping

an ddiffuser

system.

his

basin

is

designed

fo r

dampening

hydraulic

peaksduring

high

flow

periodsor

fo r

containing

an d

equalizing

contaminant

spikes.

2.3.4

nfluent

PumpStation

Adjacent

to

the

equalization

basin

isthe

new

screw

lift

pumpstationan d

w etwell.

Wastewaterfrom

theequalization

basinflows

to

aflowdistributionbo xwhich

contains

tw o

8-inch

luiceates.

Theseatesontrol

low

o

he

uctions

ide

f

thecrew

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Shaw

AFB

O& MManual

Chapter

2

pumps. n8-inch

invert

an d

tw o

channel

sluice

gatesallowwastewater

to

flow

to

the

suctionid e

f

the

crew

umps.

hewo

425-gpm

apacity

crew

umps

if t

he

influent

wastewater

toachannel

an d

gravitylinethatflowsto

theaeration

basin

splitter

box.

he

motor

controls

fo r

the

screw

pumps

are

equipped

with

variable

speed

drives

to

vary

thespeedof thescrew

pumps.

At

he

pperlevation

fthe

crewif t

umps,

low

s

ischarged

nto

n

pen

channel.

im e

isadded

to

the

waste

stream

at

this

location

to

ensurethatthe

activated

slud-sprocessha ssufficientalkalinityfo rnitrification

an d

to

ensure

thateffluentpHis

not reducedbelow

permitlimitation.

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ShawAFB

O&M

Manual

Chapter

2

2.4

AERATION

BASINS

TheW W T P

s

rovided

withthree

eration

basins

or

the

iological

reatment

f

organic

wastes.

hepretreatedan d

equalized

influentflows

to

the

aeration

basinsplitter

bo x

where

it

is

mixed

with

the

return

activated

sludge

beforeentering

the

aeration

basins.

The

ombined eration

asin

olumes pproximately

1.0 illion allons

MG).

AerationBasins

Nos.

nd

2

arerectangularbasins,each

havinga

volume

of

377,000,

and

AerationBasin

No.

3isa

circular

basin

andha savolumeof

246,000gallons.

The

aerationbasins

re

equippedwith

surfacemechanicalerators. Therectangular

basins

eachcontain

tw o

25-horsepowersurface

mechanical

aerators. asin

No.

containson e

30-horsepowersurface

mechanicalaerator.

The

current

loading

rates

to

thesystem

and

principal

design

criteria

are

as

follows:

Current Loadingrincipal

Design

Criteria

VolumetricOrganic

1.9 lbBOD/1,000

ft

3

Volume.0MG

LoadingRate

HydraulicRetention

0Hours

ydraulic

Detentiontime

2.0

hours

Time

Food/Microorganism

.051bBOD/lb

oading.1lbs

BOD/lbMLSS

(F/M)

Ratio

LV SS

LB S

MLSSUnderAeration 23,000-34,000

Thevolumetric

organic

loading

rate

is

inthe

loweren d

of

therecommended

range

fo r

xtended

eration ctivated

ludgeystemsi.e.,0o

5

b OD/1000

t

3

).

Similarly,he

/Matios

n

heower

nd

ftheecommended

ange

or

xtended

aerationctivatedludge

lantsi.e.,.05-0.15

b

BOD/lb

M L

VSS).heHydraulic

Retention

Time

is

alsoonthelower

en d

of

therecommended

range

fo r

extended

aeration

plants18-36

ours).on e

ftheseoading

actorsre

n

problemrangesars

treatment

efficiency

or

plant

performance.

Control

ofD Oin

thebasins

is

limited

to

tw ooperational

approaches.

ne

isto

raise

or

ower

heiquid

evel

n

heasinhu s

ecreasing

r

ncreasing

hebite f

the

aerator

blades

inthe

mixed

liquor. he

other

isto

lower

the

mixed

liquor

concentration

if

sufficient

DOcannot

be

imparted

tothebasin.

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ShawAFB

O&MManual

Chapter

2

2.5 SECONDARY

CLARIFIERS

Threecircular

secondary

clarifiersare

provided

fo r

thesettling

of

biologicalsludge.

The

effluent

of

the

aeration

tanks

flows

to

the

in-plantpumpstation.

tation

30 6

lifts

the

forward

flow

to

the

Flow

Distribution

Box.

his

structure

splits

the

flow

and

distributes

the

mixediquor

o

he econdarylarifiersorettling.he istribution

tructure

consists

f

n

levatedectangular oncrete ox

nd

hree

utlet

hambers

hich

dischargeflowinto

the

inlet

pipesfor theclarifiers. he

clarifiers

are35

feet

in

diameter

and

have

aside

wide

depth

(SWD)of

8.5

feet.

collectiontrough

around

the

perimeter

of

each

clarifier

receiveseffluent

which

flows

to

thetertiaryfilters.he

returnludge

flowis

controlled

by

three

telescopic

valves,

on e

pe r

clarifier.he

underflow

ratefo r

eachclarifier

is

ncreased

or

decreasedby

manually

owering

r

raisingthetelescopic

valves.

eturn

ludgeravitylows

rom

thetelescopicalvesotheerationbasins.

Wasteludge

ravity

lows

to

he

W ASum p

tation

w et

well

nds

umped

o

he

aerobic

digestersvia

the

W ASpumps.ASlowratesare

estimated

usingthe

rise

in

levelinsidethedigester

being

utilized. flow

meteris

to

be

installedon

theW ASline

to

optimize

sludge

wasting

an d

process

control

of the

activatedsludgesystem.

Current

vailable

urfacereafo rthe

hreenits

ombined

s

,886

t

2

.

urrent

available

volume

is

83,600

gallons.

perating

parameters

fo r

thesecondary

clarifiers

under

average

flow

conditions

of1.20M G Dan d

principal

designcriteriaareasfollows:

Current

Loading

SurfaceLoading

rate

Solids

Loading

Rate

HydraulicRetention

Time

416gpd/ft

2

13.2

lb

TSS/ft

2

-d

3.7

hours

Principal

Design

Criteria

Design

Hydraulic

Loading 41 5gpd/ft

2

Weir

Overflow Rate

3639gpd/ft

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter

2

2 .6 TERTIARYFILTERS

Secondarylarifierffluentravitylows

o

he

ertiary

ilters.

low

ntershe

filters

hrough

6-inchastiron

pipe

intoheorebays

nd

crossheilter

urface.

The

filters

are

multi-media

units

with

a

total

filter

be d

depth

of

3.67

feet.

he

top

layers

of

filter

media,

4nchesf

anthracite

snop

f

8

nchesfsand

ollowed

y 2

inchesofgradedravel.

he

media

rests

onprecastfilterbottom.

ilter

effluent

is

collected

in

thefilter

bottomsan dflows

ou t

of

the

filtersthrough

a

6-inch

line

tothe

chlorineontact

hamber.

ntering

heilter

ottoms

s

4-inch

ackwash

ine.

Duringfilter

backwashing,

thislineis

fe d

froma2500-gpmbackwash

pump

which

uses

the

ld

hlorineontact

hamberontentsor

washwater.

ackwash

waste

xits

he

filters

viath e

wash

troughs

an d

is

routedbya16-inch

pipe

to

thebackwashholding

tank.

From

thebackwash

holding

tankit

is

pumped

to

theequalization

basin.

hesystem

is

equipped

withasurfacewashystem

consistingf

a15-gpmsurfacewash

pump

nd

surface

agitators

fed

by

a

3-inchsurface

wash

line.

he

automatic

controlfunction

fo r

thisystem

as

een

ypassed

nd

heystem

s

resently anually

perated.

Differential

pressure

across

the

filters

is

measuredbypressure

gauges.

Backwash

waterfo r

these

filters

is

supplied

from

the

old

chlorine

contactchamber.

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter2

2 .7

CHLORINE

CONTACT

CHAMBER

TheW W T P

s

quipped

with

wohlorineontacthambers.

he

ldontact

chamberis

60feet

by

20

feetandhasaworking

depth

of

6.5

feetfo ratotalcapacity

of

58,000

allons.

he

ydraulicetentionim e

spproximately

.4oursturrent

averagelowates.neafflewallirects

he

low

n

ide-to-side

attern

n

he

chamber. tthecurrentaverageflow

of

1.2

M G D ,

this

basinha s

a

more

than

adequate

hydraulic

retention

time.

t

the

influent

en d

of

the

basin,

the

backwash

water

pump

and

theurface

wash

pump

re

mounted

an dtheirsuctionpipes

xtend

intohe

asin.

PVCchlorinediffuser

pipeextends

into

the

contactbasin

approximately20

feet

from

the

influenten d

ofthe

chamber.

The

ld

chlorinecontactchamber

also

contains

woirdiffusers

ea r

theeffluent

en d

ofthe

tank

fo r

thepurposeof

addingdissolvedoxygentotheplanteffluent.he

diffusers

aresupplied

by

anai rblower

in

thefilter

controlbuilding.

heblower

has

a

capacity

of250

cfm.lsoatthe

effluent

en d

oftheold

chlorinecontact

chamber

is

a

sulfur

dioxideiffuser.ulfur

dioxides

dded

tohe

hamberjust

prior

to

he

low

entering

the

outlet

weir

bo x

ofthe

chamber.

reated

effluent

flowsou t

ofthe

chamber

throughtheoutletweir

bo x

totheeffluent

Parshallflumeand

throughtheeffluentsewer

to

the

plantoutfall.

Thenew chlorine

contact

chamber

is

75.5

feet

in

length

by1

feetwide

by

8

feetof

operatingdepth

fo r

atotal

capacity

ofapproximately50,000

gallons.

tcurrent

average

daily

flowrates,the

hydraulicretention

time

is

approximately

our.

hechamber

is

equipped

with

chlorine

diffusertthe

nfluent

en dfthean kan d

ulfur

dioxide

diffuserattheeffluent

en d

ofth etank. hene w

chlorine

contact

chamberwas

installed

to

serve

as

a

backuptank

to

be

utilized

whenit

becomesnecessary

to

bypass

thetertiary

filters.

Chlorine

assed

hrough00-pound-per-day,wall-mounted

hlorinatorro m

150-poundchlorinebottles.he

hlorinator

is

ocated

inheld

aboratory

building.

Sulfur

ioxide

s

ed

by

w o

0-pound-per-day

as

eeders.

nverage

f

40

o

0

pounds

er

ay f

hlorine

as

nd ulfur

ioxide

s

eing

ed

o isinfect nd

dechlorinatetheeffluent

an d

isresulting

in

an

average

maximum

chlorineresidual

in

the

effluent

of2 10ug/L.

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ShawAFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter2

Chlorinegas

an d

sulfur

dioxide

feed

control

are

manual.

ata

are

provided

byplant

effluentsampleswhich

are

analyzed

fo r

total

chlorineresidual.

hesedataareused

to

make

adjustment

in

the

chlorine

an d

sulfurdioxidefeedrates.

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Shaw

AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter2

2 .8

AEROBICDIGESTERS

The

ha w

AFB

W W T P

isequippedwiththreeerobicdigesters.

ach

ni tha s

surfacerea

f

49 0

t

2

nd

8-ft

W D

or

nit

olume

f

pproximately5,000

gallons.

he

total

volumeof

the

three

units

is

95,000

gallons.

iffused

ai r

is

provided

to

maintain

aerobic

conditions

an dmixinglevel

requirements

by

positive

displacement

blowers.

woofthedigesterswere

part

ofthe

plant

prior

to

therecent

upgrade,

an dthe

third

unit

is

new.

heold

digesters'blowers

are

located

in

theblower

roomonthelower

level

between

those

units. here

are

tw o250-cfmunits.

he

tw o

new

digesterblowers

are

adjacent

to

thenewdigester

mountedonan

outside

lab.hese

unitsare240-cfm

positive

displacementblowers. ir

is

delivered

by

piping

an d

12-inch

static

tube

aerators

arranged

n

grid

n

he

ottom

fthedigesters.achdigesteris

quipped

with

2

aerators.

ac h

igester

s lso

quipped

ith ew

ecanting

eir

or rawing

supernatant.he

ecantingweir

aneowerednwormea r

o

heevelfthe

supernatant.

verage

wasteludgeoncentration

s

pproximately

,500

mg/L.he

current

loading

factor

is

approximately

0.019

lb

TSS/ft

3

-d .hi s

loading

level

is

below

the

design

rangefo raerobic

digesters(i.e.,

0.024-0.14

lb

solids/ft

3

-d).

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AFB

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Chapter

2

2 .9

SLUDGE

DRYINGBEDS

There

are

a

total

ofseven

(7)

sludgedryingbeds.

achof

the

four

large

dryingbeds

is65

feetlongan d

20

feet

wide.

he

three

smaller

beds

are

each

50

feet

longan d20

feet

wide.

p

to

12

inches

of

sludge

can

be

pumped

onto

each

bed.

Digested

sludgeca n

be

drawn

tothedrying

beds

fromthedigesters

by

gravity

flow

depending

on

the

levelofsludge

inthe

digester.

lternatively,

ludgeca ne

pumped

into

the

drying

bedsfrom

thedigestersbythene wdigestedsludgepump

station. atei

from

these

dryingbeds

flows

through

underdrainsto

thewastewaterholdingtanks

an d

is

then

pumped

to

the

equalization

basin.

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AFB

O& M

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Chapter

2

2 .10IGESTEDSLUDGE/L IMECONDITIONINGSYSTEM

The

digested

sludge

is

pumpedfromthe

aerobic

digesters

into

thelime

stabilization

system. hedigested

sludge

pump

station

consists

of tw o130-gpm

peristaltic

pumpsan d

associated

piping

an dvalving.

The

im e

tabilization

ystem

as

wo

5,000-gallon

nderground

reaction/stabilization

essels.

he

ludge nd

im e

re

mixed

nd

eratedn

hese

vessels. wo160-cfm positive

displacementblowers

with

airsupplylinesan d

static

tube

aerators

rovide

he ir.

ne

50-gpm

im e tabilization ludge

um p

s

sed

or

pumping

outthestabilized

sludge

fromthereactionvessels.

The

lime

tabilization

feed

ystemalso

as

ne

2-foot

diameter

by6-foot

ig h

lime

storage

silo,

a

2.5-cubic

foot

hopper

to

receive

lime

from

the

silo

an d

transfer

it

to

the

ee d

quipment,

.5-horsepower

ibratory

motor

nd

00-cubic-feet-per-hour

maximum

volumetric

feeder.

The

systemis

currently

operated

so

thatdigestedsludge

is

conditioned

withlime

to

a

pH

of

12.0

an d

held

in

the

vesselsfo r

a

minimum

of

2

hoursat

thatpH.

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Chapter

2

2.11

AND

APPLICATIONSYSTEM

Stabilizedsludgeishauledby

tanktruck

to

the

71-acre

land

application

site.

he

site

is

located

betweentheflightlinean d

the

eastboundaryof

the

base.

he

site

is

in

a

plantedpineforest.

ow s

have

beenclearedbetween

the

trees

fo rthe

tanktruck

topass

through

the

site

as

thesludge

is

surface-applied.

he

W W T P

ha s

tw ooptionsfo r

hauling

sludge

o

he

ite.he

asewns

,000-gallonank

ruckwhich

s

quipped

or

surface

applicationof

sludge. he

other

optionisto

use

a

contractorwhom

the

base

ha s

hired

under

anopen-ended,

as-needed

purchase

order.

ludge

drying

beds

are

available

to

ensure

that

there

issludge

disposal

capability

available

attheplantwhen

needed.

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AFB

O& M

Manual

Chapter

3

CHAPTER3

THEORY

OFOPERATION

OF

UNIT

PROCESSES

3 .1

PRELIMINARY

TREATMENT

3.1.1

ntroduction

Incoming astewater

o

reatment lant

ontains

ery

iverse

lend

f

constituents.

oarse

materials

uc hs

tring,

rags,

paper,

ans,

nd

wood

an

nter

plant

through

thesewer

system.

astewater

alsocontainsa

relatively

largeamount

of

inorganicolids

uc hsand,

ravel,nd

inders

which

re

ollectively

alledrit.

Besides

eing

naffected y iological

reatment, aterials

uc h

s

he bove

an

damage

umps

nd

ther quipment s el l

slug ipelines.emoval fhese

materialshelps

to

prevent

disruption

of

downstream

processes

an d

to

protect

equipment.

The

ha w

AFB

W W T P

ontains

everalreliminaryreatment

rocesses

esigned

o

remove

these

materials.

3.1.2creening

Screening

was

on e

of the

first

methodsused

to

remove

large

solids

fromwastewater.

Themainpurposeof

many

of

the

firstwastewater

plantswas

to

only

removethevisible,

large

olids.oarsecreens

re

ormally

mployed

s

the

first

treatment

unit

fo r

the

primary

urpose

f

rotecting

lant

quipment

ro m

hysical

amage

r

educed

operating

efficiency.

manual

ba r

screen

is

located

at

Lift

Station

60 0

in

the

Shaw

AFB

W W TP.

3.1.3rindersandMacerators

Grinders

and

macerators

are

used

to

reduce

the

particle

size

of

screeningstoasize

that

will

no t

clog

pumps. hey

are

frequentlyincorporated

in

facilities

to

eliminate

the

need

fo r

toring

nd

eparatelydisposing

fscreeningsor

to

upplement

the

creening

process.or

this

reason,

they

tendto

reduce

odors

an d

unsightliness

on

theplant

site.

Comminutors

nd

rinders oave

everal rawbacks.monghese

reag

accumulations

n

ownstream

quipment

nd

he

endency

o

reate

ropes

f

he

materialtasround

p.

hreerinder

umps

nd

maceratorreocatedtif t

Station60 0intheShawAFBW W TP.

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Chapter

3

P

.1.4GritRemoval

The

unction

f

ri thambers

s

oemoveargenorganicolidsuc hsand,

gravel,rinders.heyreesigned

o

emove

olid

materialshataveubsiding

velocitiesrpecificravities

ubstantiallyreaterhanhosefthe

rganicolidsn

wastewater.os t

ri thambers

re

onstructed

o

apture

articleswith

pecific

gravitygreaterthan

2.65

anda

diameter

larger

than

0.02

centimeters.

The

objective

ofgritremovalistoremovethe

inorganics

from

the

wastewater

flow

with

minimum

of

organicmaterialsalso

eing

removed.

f

flow

rate

hrough

ri t

chamber

is

too

high,

little

inorganic

material

willettleout.f

flow

Documents

ADA326907 (1)-Wastewater Treatment OM Specs