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Adaptation obstruction o n college freshmen 新新新新新新 —— Yang Hong 新新

Adapatation Obstruction On College Freshmen

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Page 1: Adapatation Obstruction On  College Freshmen

Adaptation obstruction on college freshmen 新生适应障碍

—— Yang Hong 杨宏

Page 2: Adapatation Obstruction On  College Freshmen

Content

Preface 序言 Definition 定义 Status quo 现状 Symptoms 症状 Cause 原因 Treatment 治疗

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Why this project?

1. Case

2. Information

3. Meaning

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Preface 前言1 你入学的时候有适应障碍么?

2 如果有障碍,是哪些方面的?

3 你是怎么克服他的?

4 客服障碍的过程大概花了你多少时间?

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The Definition of college adaptation obstruction 定义 Psychological inadaptability 心理不适应 Life inadaptability 生活不适应 Learning life inadaptability 学习不适应 Interpersonal contracts inadaptability

人际交往不适应 Extra-curricular activities inadaptabilit

y 课余活动不适应

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The status quo of adjustment disorder 现状 据 2001 年 2 月 1 日《中国教育报》报道,

1999 年下半年,清华大学心理咨询中心对全校 2 900 名新生进行了心理健康的调查和测试,发现心理有较大问题的有 190人,占新生总数的 6.68% ,自己认为有较大问题的有 774 人,占新生总数的 27% 。这一现象不是个别的,北京工业大学、重庆大学的调查也发现,大学新生中存在心理健康问题的人占有相当高的比例。

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Status quo-survey 调查 关于 07 新生生活适应性的问卷调查 院系 性别 家乡 新校园,新同学,新气象;新学期,新开始,新风貌!而今,两个多月的时光是

否让你适应南大这个美丽而陌生的地方?你对在校生活的各方面有什么意见吗?希望通过这份调查问卷,能够使我们更了解你们的感受。那么,现在就让我们开始吧……

1 、 两个个多月的大学生活,给你的整体感受如何? A 、很无聊,无所适从 B 、很充实,渐渐适应大学生活 C 、很忙碌,经常忙不过来 D 、没考虑过 2 、 你主要通过何种方式了解我们的大学生活? A 、主动向高年级同学了解 B 、主动找辅导员或老师了解 C 、自己慢慢摸索体验 D 、看海报或各种宣传栏 3 、 对你的大学课程感觉如何? A 、很吃力 B 、勉强承受 C 、相当适应 D 、过于轻松 4 、 你的每月生活费一般为多少? A 、 500元以下 B 、 500—700元 C 、 700—1000元 D 、 1000元以上 5、 课余时间你通常会怎么通过? A 、学习 B 、运动 C 、上网 D 、工作及社团活动 E 、逛街

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the questionnaire of the online survey 网上调查问卷 6 、 在你遇到困难时,你首先会向谁来求助? A 、亲人 B 、老师 C 、朋友 D 、同学 7 、 你对大学的社团活动有何看法? A 、可有可无 不重要 B 、锻炼自己能力的机会 C 、丰富课余生活,拓展个人知识 D 、能够服务他人,为集体做贡献 8 、 当出现心理不适时你一般通过何种方式发泄 A 、上网 B 、运动 C 、向他人倾诉 D 、求助心理中心 E 、其他 9 、 对寝室生活适应如何? A 、大家相处融洽 B 、还比较陌生,沟通不多 C 、有矛盾 10 、 你觉得你自己目前面临的最大问题是 __________________________ 11 、 你心目中的南大生活该是怎样? A 、十分轻松,课外活动丰富 B 、学业繁忙,苦不堪言 C 、无所事事,十分无聊 D 、劳逸结合,生活充实 12 、 度过了南大的两个个月,在满分十分的情况下会给自己的生活打多少分? A 、 9—10分 B 、 8—9分 C 、 6—8分 D 、 6分以下 对于您的参与,我们深表感谢! 南京大学应用心理学专业 2007 年 11 月

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Chart 1-adaptation level 表一:适应状况

adatati on l evel of f reshmen

25%

52%

11%7% 5%

obstructi ons i n adapati on si gni fi cantl yexi st some obstructi onno feel i ngbasi cal l y can adaptadapt very wel l

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Chart 2-Time used to adapt to the new life 表二:适应时间

t i me of f reshmen to adapt to newl i f e

wi thi n 3months

wi thi n 6months

wi thi n 1year

0 20 40 60 80

time

percentage

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Difference between students from different majors 不同专业学生在适应性上的比较 students from science & engineering o

r medicine majors > students from liberal arts or agriculture majors 理工科和医学院学生 > 文科或农科学生

Possible reason: the life in senior 3 可能原因:高三生活的影响

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Difference between boy students and girl students 男女学生比较 Girl students > Boy students 女

学生 > 男学生

Possible

Reason

Stronger Self-dependence of daily life 较强的生活自理能力

Better interpersonal relationship 更好的人际关系

Better emotional status 更好的情绪状态

Positive solution to deal with psychological problems 采取积极的方式处理心理问题

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Chart 5-Solutions to obstacles 处理问题的解决方法

sol uti ons to obstacl es29%

27%23%

7%14%

take exerci sessurf the nettal k to othersmental heal th centerothers

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Chart 6-help source 向谁求助 turn to whom for hel p

11%

53%5%

19%

12%

turn to cl assmaters turn to f ri endsturn to teachers turn to parentsturn to others

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Signs and symptoms of adjustment disorder 适应障碍的症状1. Anxiety 焦虑2. Loss 迷惘3. Depression 沮丧4. Inferiority 自卑5. Crisis 危机6. Confusion 混乱

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1 anxiety-difficult to adapt to the new environment Family life —— college life 家庭生活到

大学生活的转变 Care givers 父母、亲人、朋友关怀缺失 Economic crisis 陷入经济危机 Lack of collective life habits 缺少集体

生活的习惯导致自理能力差,不关心他人 various kinds of inadaptability 其他各

种不适应

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2 loss-gap between ideal and the reality 理想和现实的距离 Before: everything is wonderful

Now: it’s awful

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3 depression-interpersonal difficulty 人际交往障碍 Familiar communication circle

Totally strange communication circle

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4 inferiority- self-evaluation complex or disorder 自我评价失调引起的自卑情节 “intelligent student” “center in the peer”

“average as everyone” ”more excellent classmates”

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5 crisis-tuition fee & employment 高昂学费和残酷就业形势 Outcome=tuition fee(¥ 5800) +

cost of living(¥ 1000/month) + other fees and payout(?????)

Desperate employment status quo

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6 confusion-lose goals 失去目标引起的迷茫与混乱 “I want to enter Nanjing University!”

“What should do?” “What I’m struggling for?”

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The cause of adaptation obstruction 适应障碍产生的原因 Difference in temperament & personal

ity 气质、性格差异 Deficiency of psychological preparatio

n 心理准备不足 Heavy family pressures 家庭压力过大 Ignorance of mental education 学校忽视心理健康教育

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Suggestions and treatment 建议与治疗1. Self-care 自我协助法2. Positive self-implies 自我暗示法3. Re-evaluation 重新评价法4. Re-make target 目标重建法5. Participate in the practice 社会实践法6. Venting of emotion 宣泄情绪法 7. Communication 交流沟通法8. Psychological counseling 心理咨询法

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1 Self-care 自我协助法

Talking things over with caring family and friends

Trying to keep eating a healthy diet Sticking to a regular sleep routine Getting regular physical activity Engaging in a hobby you enjoy Finding a support group geared toward

your situation Finding support from a faith community

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2 Positive self-implies 自我暗示法

“I have well prepared for this. I’m sure I will be successful.”

"I am not good this time, but the next effort will not turn out like this.”

“I trust myself. I believe I can make it.” “There must some shining points in my pe

rsonality. So I can make friends with others.”

“Impossible is nothing.” “I know I can.”

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3 Re-evaluation 重新评价法

truly understand their own strength, and foster self-confidence真正认识自己的实力,树立自信心

treat other students’ strengths and advantages objectively and make a correct view of themselves 客观对待别人的长处和优点,正确看待自己

learning from others and constantly enhance themselves注意汲取和学习别人的优点,不断提高自己

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4 Re-make target 目标重建法

Realizable principle可实现原则

Specific principle 具体性原则

Methodic principle 层次性原则

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5 Participate in the practice 社会实践法

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6 Venting of emotion 宣泄情绪法 Timely 及时 Appropriate 适度 Reasonable 合理

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7 Communication 交流沟通法

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8 Psychological counseling 心理咨询法

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Treatment 治疗 Goal: relieve symptoms & achieve a level of

functioning 缓解症状 &恢复正常水平 Therapies: individual psychotherapy, beh

avior therapy, self-help groups, family therapy and medications( 药物治疗 ).

Students themselves: healthy diets and sleeping patterns and a strong social support system(饮食、睡眠、社会支持系统)

Page 33: Adapatation Obstruction On  College Freshmen

Questions for you

This is a student who suffers a lot from adaptation disorder. He was a clever boy in his high school in Shanghai. And is the only child in his family. Now he is no longer excellent as before and what’s worse is that he reports that he can turn to nobody for help.

Page 34: Adapatation Obstruction On  College Freshmen

Therapies for you

Cognitive behaviorism

Person-center therapy

Existential therapy

others

Page 35: Adapatation Obstruction On  College Freshmen

Conclusion

Page 36: Adapatation Obstruction On  College Freshmen

——That’s all.

Thank you!