ADBTF14_A2 ADB Guidelines for Universal Access

8/11/2019 ADBTF14_A2 ADB Guidelines for Universal Access

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ADB Guidelinesfor

Universal Access

ADBTRANSPORT FORUM 2014Transport in the Asian Century

Manila 15 September 2014

JOSEPH KWAN HONG KONG


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Barriers:Public Transport


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Barriers:Public Transport


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Barriers: Pedestrian Environment


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International Convention

Adopted by UN General Assembly 2006

Entry into force 2008

The Conventionprohibits discriminationagainstpersons with disabilities in all areas of life

Article 2: Definition - Universal Design

Article 9: Accessibility Article24: Education

Article25: Health

Article27: Work & Employment

Article30: Participation in Cultural Life, Recreation, Leisure & Sport

UN - Convention on Rights of Persons

with Disabilities


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UN - CRPD

158signatories to the Convention

149ratifications of the Convention

92signatories to the Optional Protocol

84ratifications of the Optional Protocol

(Sep 2014 update)


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Article 9:Accessibility

Aim: To enable persons with disabilities to live independentlyand participate fully in all aspects of life

Responsible Parties: States Parties shall take appropriatemeasures to achieve the aim

Coverage: Equal access to the physical environment,transportation, information and communications, including ICT& systems

Measures: Identification & elimination of obstacles & barriers toaccessibility

Application: Buildings, roads, transportation and other indoor &outdoor facilities schools, housing, medical facilities &workplaces; Information, communications & other services


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Global:People with Disabilities

Estimated 15% of the world's population has a

disability

More than one billion people with specialneeds worldwide

An estimated 80%live in developing countries

(Source: WHO Report, 2011)


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Context

ADB long term strategic framework Strategy 2020

Transportation & Urban Development are essentialcornerstones in achieving livable cities

Mainstream sustainable transport practices across ADBsoperations & support poverty reduction in DMCs

ADB launchedSustainable Transport Initiative (STI) in 2010

ADB prioritized renewed investment and effort in the areas ofurban transport, transport & climate changes, logistics & cross-border transport, road safety and social sustainability


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Context

ADB Strategy 2020

Without Inclusive Transport people with disabilities are almostguaranteed to be poor due to a lack of access toeducation, labour markets, health care and other socialopportunities

The marginal cost of mainstreaming universal access intoADBs transportation projects initially is only about 1% with thecost of retrofitting universal access afterwards being

significantly higher


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Context

ADB Strategy 2020

Other multilateral banks have design andpolicy guidelines for disability access

the World Bankwill notinvest in countries

that do not provide 100% universalaccessibilityin their projects


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Need for Universal Accessible Transport

Transport is vital for independent living and for gaining accessto education, healthcare, labour market, economic resources,

opportunities and social activities

Exclusion increases the real and social costs associated withdisability

People denied access to essential transport services facesgreater challenges to remain above the poverty line

Universal access to transportation notgenerally givensignificant focus in transport education, planning, design,construction and implementation in developing countries


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Criteria - Universal Accessible Transport

Access to fixed facilities and infrastructure

Access to affordable & universally accessibletransport modes

Access to information in various formats

Disability Awareness & Sensitivity Training


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Demands of Universal Access to Transportin Developing Countries

Systemic barriers in the pedestrian environment, infrastructureand transport services

Lack of accessible sidewalks and footpaths Inaccessible and unsafe roads Inadequate safe and accessible street crossings Inadequate and inaccessible bus and bus stop facilities Lack of or irregularity of transport services

Characteristics of Sector

Walking, bicycle, motor cycle as main mode of transport Importance of informal services & Non-Motorised forms of Transport


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Publications on Inclusive Transport

The World BankTransport and Social Responsibility Thematic Group

Cities on the Move: A World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review (2001) Transport, Poverty and Disability in Developing Countries (2001)

Inclusive Transport: An Emerging Agenda (2004)

Strategy to Improve Accessibility in Developing Countries (2004)

Inclusive Access and Mobility in Developing Countries (2006)

BRT Accessibility Guidelines (2006)

The Asian Development BankRegional & Sustainable Development DepartmentSustainable Infrastructure Division

Disability Brief: Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Disabled People (2005)

Disabled People and Development (2005)


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Universal Design -Definition

Universal Design means the design ofproducts, environments, programmes &services to be usable by all people, tothe greatest extent possible, without

the need for adaptation or specializeddesign.(Ron Mace 1988)

Universal Design


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What is Universal Access ?

The Universal Design Pyramid


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Who will benefit from UA?

Others who would benefit from universal accessibility (UA)

40% + of the population

Source: Roland Wildberg: Hospitality, Hotel and Travel News

International Tourism Board, 2009


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Who will benefit from UA?


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Asian Development Bank

Universal Access

in ADB

Transport Projects

Guidelines

for

Universal Access

ADBUA Guidelines on Transport


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Introduction

Purpose, Context, Scope of the Guidelines

Existing ConditionsInfrastructure Barriers Pedestrian Environment

Modes of Transportation

Interface

Basic Concepts of Universal AccessEvolution

Barrier-free Design

Universal Design

Inclusive Design

Universal Access

Content


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Key Concepts

Accessible Information

Door to/through Door Service Family of Transport Services

Mobility

Occupant Restraint Systems

Persons with Functional Limitations Transportable Mobility Aids

Transportation Disadvantaged

Trip Chain

Wheelchair Securement Systems

Content


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Anthropometric Data

Design Considerations

Application & Technical Guidelines

Illustrations

Cost-Benefit Approach to UA on Public Transport System

Macro Vs. Micro Design

Costs of Barrier-Free Design

Benefits of Barrier-Free Design

Intangible Costs of Handicapping Environments

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Content


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Basic Human Factors

Mobility Impaired & Visually Impaired Persons

Wheelchair Users

Walking Distances

Standing

Content


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UA Technical & Design Guidelines

Trip Information

Urban Public Pedestrian Environment

Taxis & Limousines (Urban & Intercity)

Para-transit Vehicles

Urban Buses, Intercity Buses

Bus Rapid Transit

Light Rail Transit (Sky Trains, Streetcars, Trams)

Metro/Subways

Commuter Rail

Intercity Rail

Content


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Marine Transport

Local & Regional Airports

Rural Transportation

Gender & Ridership

Appendices

Definitions, References

International Symbols of Access

Wheelchair Transfer & Movement

Content


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Basic Human Factors


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Cost - Benefit Analysis

Source: (Roberts and Babinard, The World Bank).


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Cost increase due toaccessiblerenovation

Original barrier-freedesign

Comparative costdifference

Convention Hall 0.12% 0.02 % 6x

Town Hall 0.2% 0.05% 4x

College

Classroom0.51% 0.13% 4x

Shopping Center 0.22% 0.006% 35x

Cost Comparisons

Source: Schroeder and Steinfeld (1979) The Estimated Costs of Accessible Buildings

US Department of Housing and Urban Development.


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Accessible Pedestrian Environment

Clear delineation between pedestrian routes and street furniture


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Clearly marked pedestrian crossings


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Raised pedestrian crossings


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Modes of Transportation


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Public Taxicabs


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Accessible Taxis


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Accessible Taxi Stands


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Accessible Car Parking Bays


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Paratransit

Demand Responsive Transit


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Urban Bus System & Bus Stops


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Low Floor Accessible Bus


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Low Floor Accessible Bus


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Partial Low Floor Bus


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Vehicle Ramps


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Flexible Passenger Seating Space


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Wheelchair Securement &

Occupant Restraint System


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Bus Stop & e-Information Stand


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Bus Stop & Information


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Real Time Bus Information


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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)


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Tram System


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Light Rail Transit


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Platform Gap


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Visual & Audible Announcements


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Metro System


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Universal Accessible TicketMachines


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Gates & Turnstiles


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Station Facilities


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Wayfinding


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Multi-Format Information


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Subway System


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Accessible Rail Station Platform


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Commuter Rail Lift & Bridge


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Built-in Ramp System


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Station-based Lifts


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Seating Space for Wheelchair


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Priority Seating & Signage


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Onboard Accessible Washroom


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Wireless Access Onboard Trains


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In-Vehicle Information Display


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Intercity Bus


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Built-in Lift System


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Seamless Interface


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Marine Transport


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Gangways to Vessels


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Accessible Ferry Terminal Facilities


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Airport Access


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Accessible Information


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Airport Accessible Facilities


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Boarding Chair & OnboardWheelchair


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Thank you

Ar. Joseph Kwan MH

Architect, Access Consultant

UDA Consultants Ltd. (Consultants in Universal Design &Accessibility)

Hong Kong

Documents

ADBTF14_A2 ADB Guidelines for Universal Access