Ad.com.Lab Codings

7/25/2019 Ad.com.Lab Codings

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1. SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS MODULATION SCHEMES (BPSK):

clc;

clear all;

close all;

a=1; n=20; t=1/n;

fs=4000;

ts=1/fs;

fcarr=1000;

data=sign(randn(1,n));

st=ones((t/ts),1);

stt=st*data;

sttt=stt(:);

s=sttt>0;

fori=1:fs

if(s(i)==1)

tx(i)=a*cos(i*2*pi*fcarr/fs);

else tx(i)=a*cos(i*2*pi*fcarr/fs+pi);

end

end

y=tx;

!"=fft(y);

!"=!"(1:(fs/2));

sp=a#s(!");

f1=1:(fs/2);

se$ilogx(f1,(20*log10(sp)));

legend(%&'%);

xla#el(%freency in ert-%);

yla#el(%po.er in d#%);grid on;

OUTPUT:

1


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QPSK:

clc;

clear all;

close all;

a=1; n=20; t=1/n;

fs=4000;ts=1/fs;

fcarr=1000;


st=ones((t/ts),1);

stt=st*data;

sttt=stt(:);

s=sttt>0;

f1 =1:(fs/2);

fori=1:2:fs

if((s(i)==0)(s(i+1)==0))

tx(i)=a*cos((i*2*pi*fcarr/fs)+(pi/2));

tx(i+1)=a*cos((i*2*pi*fcarr/fs)+(pi/2));

elseif((s(i)==1)(s(i+1)==0))

tx(i)=a*cos((i*2*pi*fcarr/fs)+(pi));

tx(i+1)=a*cos((i*2*pi*fcarr/fs)+(pi));

end

end

end

y=tx;

!"=fft(y);

!"=!"(1:(fs/2));

sp=a#s(!");

figre(1);se$ilogx(f1,(20*log10(sp)));

legend(%'%);

xla#el(%freency in ert-%);

yla#el(%po.er in d#%);

grid on;

OUTPUT:

2


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FSK:

clc;

clear all;

close all;

a=1; n=20; t=1/n;

fs=10000;

ts=1/fs;

fcarr=1000;


st=ones((t/ts),1);

stt=st*data;

sttt=stt(:);

s=sttt>0;

f1 =1:fs/2;

fori=1:fs

if(s(i)==1)

tx(i)=a*cos(i*pi*fcarr/fs); else

tx(i)=a*cos(i*2*pi*fcarr*4/fs);

end

end

y=tx;

!"=fft(y);

!"=!"(1:(fs/2));

sp=a#s(!");

f1=1:fs/2;

se$ilogx(f1,(20*log10(sp)));

legend(%%);

xla#el(%freency in ert-%);yla#el(%po.er in d#%);

grid on;

OUTPUT:

3


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ERROR PERFORMANCE:clc;

clear all;

e#no=1:20;

x=srt(e#no);

fori=1:20 #ps(i)=03*erfc(srt(105(e#no(i)/10)));

ps(i)=erfc((srt(105(e#no(i)/10)))6 1/4*(erfc(srt(105(e#no(i)/10)))52));

a$(i)=7/2*(erfc(srt(032*105(e#no(i)/10))));

fs(i)=03*exp(srt(105(03*e#no(i)/10)));

end

se$ilogy(e#no,#ps,e#no,ps,e#no,a$,e#no,fs);

xla#el(%fre(-)%);

yla#el(%#er%);

legend(%#ps%,%ps%,%a$%,%fs%);

grid on;

OUTPUT:

4


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PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS MODULATION SCHEMES OVER AWGN

CHANNEL:

clc;

clear all;

close all;8=1059;

d=rand(1,8)>03;

x=2*d61;

e#no=63:2:20;

si$#errayleig=-eros(1,lengt(e#no));

si$#era.gn=-eros(1,lengt(e#no));

fori=1:lengt(e#no)

noise=1/srt(2)*((randn(1,8)+i*(randn(1,8))));

=1/srt(2)*((randn(1,8)+i*(randn(1,8))));

n=noise*105(6e#no(i)/20);

ya.gn=x+n;

yrayleig=3*x+n;

yrayleigcap=yrayleig3/;

rrayleig=real(yrayleigcap)>0;

ra.gn=real(ya.gn)>0;

si$#errayleig(i)=s$(xor(d,rrayleig));

si$#era.gn(i)=s$(xor(d,ra.gn));

end

si$#errayleig=si$#errayleig/8;

si$#era.gn=si$#era.gn/8;

e#no=1035(e#no/10); trayleig=03*(16srt(e#no3/(1+e#no)));

ta.gn=03*erfc(srt(e#no));

se$ilogy(e#no,si$#errayleig,%g*6%,%line.idt%,2);

old on;

se$ilogy(e#no,si$#errayleig,%r*6%,%line.idt%,2);

old on;

se$ilogy(e#no,trayleig,%o6%,%line.idt%,2);

old on;

se$ilogy(e#no,ta.gn,%#o6%,%line.idt%,2);

old on;

axis(6 20 1056 132);

legend(%si$lated rayleig%,%si$lated a.gn%,%teorectical rayleig%,%teoretical a.gn%);

title(%


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OUTPUT:

2. MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION:

clc;

clear all;close all;

d=inpt(%enter te dia of para#olic dises:%);

=inpt(%enter te relia#ility:%);

?=inpt(%enter te distance #et.een stations:%);

@n=inpt(%enter te c/n ratio:%);

f=inpt(%enter te fre:%);

&A=inpt(%enter te noise #.:%);

B=inpt(%enter te rogness factor:%);

&=inpt(%enter te terrain cond fact:%);

@=7*105C;

Bt=4C; Br=4C; #r=7;

Dp=(20*log10((?*4*pi*1057*f*105E)/@));F=(70*log10(?))+(10*log10)(f*B*&*9105E))6(10*log10(16))6(G0);

D#=#r*2;

Df=43G*2;

8=61G73EGG+10*log10(&A);

@$in=@n+8;

Hs=F+Dp+Df+D#6Bt6Br;

't=Hs+@$in;

H=(20*log10((d*pi*f*105E)/@));

fprintf(%In fade $argin :Jd%,F);

fprintf(%In antenna gain :Jd%,H);

fprintf(%In free space pat loss :Jd%,Dp);

fprintf(%In #rancing loss :Jd%,D#);

fprintf(%In feeder loss :Jd%,Df);

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fprintf(%In @$in :Jd%,@$in);

fprintf(%In $in tranx po. :Jd%,'t);

fprintf(%In sys gain :Jf%,Hs);

OUTPUT:

OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION:

clc;

clear all;

close all;

pt=inpt(%enter te trans$itted po.er:%);

l=inpt(%enter te lengt of ca#le:%);

lc=inpt(%enter te loss per ilo$eter:%);

lf=inpt(%enter te ligt sorce to fi#re loss:%);

ll=inpt(%enter te fi#re to ligt detector loss :%);

c=inpt(%enter te n$#er of connectors:%);

cc=inpt(%enter te loss at eac conctr:%);f# =l*lc;

lc =c*cc;

ll =f#+lc+lf+ll;

pr =pt6ll;

fprintf(%rxd po.er :Jd%,pr);

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OUTPUT:

MATLAB CODE FOR SATELLITE LINK DESIGN CODING:

clear all;

clc;

disp(%

pt=inpt(%


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disp(%666666666666666666666666666666666666666%)

disp(%666666666666666666666666666666666666666%)

J

J


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SAMPLE INPUT

@arrier po.er density at eart station antenna = 6193C00000 d&A

@/8o at te eart station receier = 10030120E d&


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3. DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPRECTRUM

clc;

clear all;

close all;

f=rond(rand(1,70));

pattern=;

for=1:70

iff(1,)==0

sig=6ones(1,20);

else

sig=ones(1,20);

end

pattern=pattern sig;

end

s#plot(4,1,1);

plot(pattern);

axis(61 920 613 13);title(%original data seence%);

d=rond(rand(1,120));

carrier=;

pnse=;

t=0:2*pi 0:4*pi;

for=1:120

ifd(1,)==0

sig=6ones(1,);

else

sig=ones(1,);

end

c=cos(t); carrier=carrier c;

pnse=pnse sig;

end

s#plot(4,1,2);

plot(pnse);

axis(61 920 613 13);

title(%pn seence%);

ss=pattern3*pnse;

s#plot(4,1,7);

plot(ss);

axis(61 920 613 13);

title(%spreaded signal%);dss=ss3*pnse;

s#plot(4,1,4);

plot(dss);

axis(61 920 613 13);

title(%despreaded signal%);

11


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OUTPUT:

FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPRECTRUM:

clc;

clear all;

close all;

s=rond(rand(1,2));

signal=;

carrier=;

t=(0:2*pi/11E:2*pi);

for=1:2

ifs(1,)==0; sig=6ones(1,120);

else

sig=ones(1,120);

end

c=cos(t);

carrier=carrier c;

signal=signal sig;

end

s#plot(4,1,1);

plot(signal);

axis(6100 7100 613 13);

title(%original #it seence:%);#pssig=signal3*carrier;

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s#plot(4,1,2);

plot(#pssig);

axis(6100 7100 613 13);

title(%&' $odlated signal:%);

t1=(0:2*pi/E:2*pi);

t2=(0:2*pi/1E:2*pi);

t7=(0:2*pi/2E:2*pi);

t4=(0:2*pi/7E:2*pi);

t=(0:2*pi/E:2*pi);

t9=(0:2*pi/11E:2*pi);

c1=cos(t1);

c1=c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1 c1;

c2= cos(t2);

c2=c2 c2 c2 c2 c2 c2;

c7=cos(t7);

c7=c7 c7 c7 c7;

c4=cos(t4);

c4=c4 c4 c4;c=cos(t);

c=c c;

c9=cos(t9);

spreadsignal=;

forn=1:2

c=andint(1,1,1 9);

s.itc(c)

case(1)

spreadsignal=spreadsignal c1;

case(2)


case(7) spreadsignal=spreadsignal c7;

case(4)


case()

spreadsignal=spreadsignal c;

case(9)


end

end

s#plot(4,1,7);

plot((1:7000),spreadsignal);

axis(6100 7100 613 13);title(%spread signal .it 9 freency:%);

freoppedsig=#pssig3*spreadsignal;

s#plot(4,1,4);

plot((1:7000),freoppedsig);

axis(6100 7100 613 13);

title(%freency opped sprad sprectr$ signal:%);

13


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OUTPUT:

. CHARACTERISATION OF MICROWAVE COMPONENTS

clc;

clear all;

disp(%LMDB!M%);

disp(%L8'K!: %);

's=inpt(%


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's7=inpt(%


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disp(coplefact1);

disp(%?irectiity (d&): %);

disp(direct1);

disp(%Lnsertion Doss (d&): %);

disp(iserloss2);

disp(%Lsolation Doss (d&): %);

disp(isoloss2);

disp(%6$atrix of ?irectional @opler: %);

disp(s$2);

disp(%FBHL@ !


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's29=inpt(%


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!. STUDY OF RADAR RANGE EQUATIONS

")DETECTION #"$% SNR

close all;

clear all;

pt = 13e+9;

fre = 39e+E;

g = 430;

sig$a = 031;

# = 30e+9;

nf = 730;

loss = 930;

range = linspace(2e7,19e7,1000);

c = 730e+C;

la$#da = c / fre;

ppea = 10*log10(pt);

la$#dasd# = 10*log10(la$#da52);forpic# = 10*log10((430 * pi)57);

d# = 10*log10(137Ce627);

tod# = 10*log10(2E0);

#d# = 10*log10(#);

rangep.r4d# = 10*log10(range354);

n$ = ppea + g + g + la$#dasd# + sig$a;

den = forpic# + d# + tod# + #d# + nf + loss + rangep.r4d#;

snr = n$ 6 den;

Jsnr = radare(pt, fre, g, sig$a, #, nf, loss, range);

range$ = range 3/ 1000;

plot(range$,snr,%line.idt%,13);

grid;xla#el (%?etection range in $%);

yla#el (%8 in d&%);

OUTPUT:

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"")DETECTION #"$% POWER

close all

clear all

pt = 13e+9; J pea po.er in Aatts

fre = 39e+E; J radar operating freency in N-

g = 430; J antenna gain in d&sig$a = 031; J radar cross section in $ sared

te = 2E030; J effectie noise te$peratre in elins

# = 30e+9; J radar operating #and.idt in N-

nf = 730; Jnoise figre in d&

loss = 930; J radar losses in d&

range = linspace(2e7,19e7,1000); J range to target fro$ 2 $ 19 $, 1000 points

snr1 = radare(pt, fre, g, sig$a, te, #, nf, loss, range);

snr2 = radare(pt, fre, g, sig$a/10, te, #, nf, loss, range);

snr7 = radare(pt, fre, g, sig$a*10, te, #, nf, loss, range);

J plot 8 erss range

figre(1)


plot(range$,snr7,%%,range$,snr1,% 63%,range$,snr2,%:%)

grid

legend(%Isig$a = 0 d&s$%,%Isig$a = 610d&s$%,%Isig$a = 620 d&s$%)

xla#el (%?etection range 6 $%);

yla#el (%8 6 d&%);

snr1 = radare(pt, fre, g, sig$a, te, #, nf, loss, range);

snr2 = radare(pt*34, fre, g, sig$a, te, #, nf, loss, range);

snr7 = radare(pt*13C, fre, g, sig$a, te, #, nf, loss, range);

figre (2)

plot(range$,snr7,%%,range$,snr1,% 63%,range$,snr2,%:%)

gridlegend(%'t = 2319 FA%,%'t = 13 FA%,%'t = 039 FA%)


yla#el (%8 6 d&%);

OUTPUT:

i) With respect to loss:

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ii) With respect to power:

""")DETECTION RANGE FOR MISSILE AND AIRCRAFT

clc;

close all;

clear all;snr = 1730 ; J 8

sig$aF = 3; J $issile @

sig$aB = 4; J aircraft @

te = 2E030; J effectie noise te$peratre in elins

# = 1e+9; J radar operating #and.idt in N-

nf = 930; J noise figre in d&

loss = C30; J radar losses in d&

tsc = 2; J scan ti$e in seconds

tetae = 11301; J eleation se-c angle in degrees

tetaa = 790; J a-i$t searc angle in degrees

range = linspace(13e7,12e7,10000); J range to target fro$ 13 $ 12 $, 1000 points

J po.erapertre(snr,tsc,sig$a,range,te,nf,loss,,elangle)

'B'$1 = po.erapertre(snr,tsc,sig$aF,e7,te,nf,loss,tetaa,tetae)

'B'a1 = po.erapertre(snr,tsc,sig$aB,E0e7,te,nf,loss,tetaa,tetae)

'B'$ = po.erapertre(snr,tsc,sig$aF,range,te,nf,loss,tetaa,tetae);

'B'a = po.erapertre(snr,tsc,sig$aB,range,te,nf,loss,tetaa,tetae);

figre(1)


plot(range$,'B'$,%%,range$,'B'a,%63%)

grid

legend(%Fissile case%, %Bircraft case%)


yla#el (%'o.er apertre prodct 6 d&%);

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OUTPUT:

"&)VELOCITY

close all

clear all

pt = 13e+9; J pea po.er in Aatts

fre = 39e+E; J radar operating freency in N-

g = 4030; J antenna gain in d&

sig$a = 031; J radar cross section in $ sared

te =70030; J effectie noise te$peratre in elins

nf = 30; Jnoise figre in d&

loss = 930; J radar losses in d&

range = Ge7,100e7,10e7; J tree range ales

snrd# = linspace(,20,200); J 8 ales fro$ d& to 20 d& 200 points

snr = 1035(0313*snrd#); J conert snr into #ase 10gain = 105(031*g); Jconert antenna gain into #ase 10

loss = 105(031*loss); J conert losses into #ase 10

= 105(031*nf); J conert noise figre into #ase 10

la$#da = 73eC / fre; J co$pte .aelengt

J L$ple$ent


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figre(1)

se$ilogy(snrd#,1e9*ta1,%%,snrd#,1e9*ta2,% 63%,snrd#,1e9*ta7,%:%)

grid

legend(% = G $%,% = 100 $%,% = 10 $%)

xla#el (%Fini$$ reired 8 6 d&%);

yla#el (%Ita (plse .idt) in I$ sec%);

OUTPUT:

'. ISDN:

clc;

clear all;

se=inpt(%


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data=n;

fori=1:se

forO=1:ts

ifn(i,O)==1

iftest(i,O)>=1 test(i,O)P=EC0

data(i,O)=94000;

elseiftest(i,O)>EC0 test(i,O)P=EE0

data(i,O)=12C000;

elseiftest(i,O)>EE0 test(i,O)P=EEC

data(i,O)=29000;

else

data(i,O)=12000;

end

end

end

end

Jti$eslot s #and.idt

d= s$(data);figre(1);

#ar(d);

xla#el(%!i$e slot%);

yla#el(%&and.idt(#ps)%);

Jti$eslot s error rate

e=-eros(1,ts);

#$=140000;

fori=1:ts

ifd(i)>#$

e(i)=d(i)6#$;

end

endfigre(2);

#ar(e);

xla#el(%!i$eslot%);

yla#el(%1e69

#ff=#ff+10;

#$=#$+10;fori=1:ts

ife(i)>0

e(i)=d(i)6#$;

end

end

s=s$(e%);

#er=s/(ts*#$);

end

disp(%&it error rate .it #ffer%);

disp(#er);

disp(%Mpti$$ #ffer si-e%);

disp(#ff);

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INPUT


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GENERATION OF ON OFF TRAFFIC:

clc;

clear all;

x=1:10;

t=1:100;

on=inpt(%=43)

n(i,O)=1;

end

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end

end

d=s$(n);

figre(2);

#ar(t,d);

xla#el(%!i$e lots%);

yla#el(%8$#er of Ksers%);

J!i$e slots Qs &and.idt

#.=94000*n;

fori=1:10

figre(7);

s#plot(,2,i);

#ar(t,#.(i,:),032)

xla#el(%!i$e lots%);

yla#el(%&A Blloted%);

end

INPUT


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28


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G*+$", ,- V", $*+--"/

clc;

clear all;

se=inpt(%=1 test(i,O)P=EC0

data(i,O)=94000;

else

data(i,O)=7C4000;

end

end

end

endJ!i$e lot Qs &and.idt

d=s$(data);

figre(1);

#ar(d);

xla#el(%!i$e lot%);

yla#el(%&and.idt (#ps)%);

J!i$e lots Qs #$

e(i)=d(i)6#$;end

end

figre(2);

#ar(e);

xla#el(%!i$e lot%);

yla#el(%


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#$=#$+10;

fori=1:ts

ife(i)>0

e(i)=d(i)6#$;

end

end

s=s$(e);

#er=s/(ts*#$);

end

disp(%&it


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31


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0. BANDPASS FILTER:

clc;

alpap=2;

alpas=70;

o$egap=032 03C;

o$egas=034 039;

8,Ac=#ttord(o$egap,o$egas,alpap,alpas);

disp(8);

disp(Ac);

8,?e=#tter(8,Ac,%#andpass%,%s%);

disp(8);

disp(?e);

81,?e1=#ilinear(8,?e,1);

disp(81);

disp(?e1);

N,A=fre-(81,?e1);plot(A,a#s(N));

axis(0 73 0 2);

title(%freency response of #tter.ort &' sing #ilinear transfor$ation%);

xla#el(%8or$ali-ed freency%);

yla#el(%FagnitdeRN(-)R%);

OUTPUT:

32


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HIGH PASS FILTER :

clc;

alpap=2;

alpas=G0;

o$egap=032;

o$egas=034;

8,.c=#ttord(o$egap,o$egas,alpap,alpas);

disp(8);

disp(.c);

8,?e=ce#y1(8,031,.c,%ig%,%s%);

disp(8);

disp(?e);

81,?e1=#ilinear(8,?e,1);

disp(81);

disp(?e1);

N,.=fre-(81,?e1);

plot(.,a#s(N));title(%freency response of ce#yse N' sing #ilinear transfor$ation%);

xla#el(%8or$ali-ed freency%);

yla#el(%FagnitdeRN(-)R%);

OUTPUT:

LOW PASS FILTER:

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clc;

alpap=2;

alpas=70;

o$egap=032;

o$egas=034;

8,.c=ce#1ord(o$egap,o$egas,alpap,alpas);

disp(8);

disp(.c);

8,?e=ce#y1(8,031,.c,%s%);

disp(8);

disp(?e);

81,?e1=#ilinear(8,?e,1);

disp(81);

disp(?e1);

N,.=fre-(81,?e1);

plot(.,a#s(N));

title(%freency response of ce#yse D' sing #ilinear transfor$ation%);

xla#el(%8or$ali-ed freency%);yla#el(%FagnitdeRN(-)R%);

OUTPUT:

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Ad.com.Lab Codings