ADHESIVES 3 JOINERY

ADHESIVES

TWO MAIN INGREDIENTS – RESIN – GLUE SOLID SOLVENT – KEEPS LIQUIFIED

UNTIL APPLIED

ADHESIVES

How does glue work? Specific adhesion - results from strong

molecular attraction between the wood and the glue and for this to occur, the adhesive must penetrate the wood cells and "wet" the fibers.

Cohesion - the force which makes the glue stick to itself. This is the solid glue "line" in a joint. It is the strongest when the two pieces to be joined are machined so they mate as closely as possible

ADHESIVES

HOW DO ADHESIVES CURE? SOME HARDEN (SOLVENT

EVAPORATES)

SOME CHANGE CHEMICALLY

SOME HARDEN AS THEY COOL

ADHESIVES

GLUE PROPERTIES WORKABILITY

DURABILITY

ADHESIVES

WORKING PROPERTIES SHELF OR POT LIFE OPEN ASSEMBLY TIME CLOSED ASSEMBLY TIME (IN

CLAMP) CURE TIME (FULL STRENGTH) SANDABILITY WORKING TEMPERATURE RANGE STRENGTH

ADHESIVES types

Hide Glue Polyvinyl Resin Glue (PVA)

white glue – longer open time, harder to sand

Aliphatic Resin Glue (Modified PVA) yellow glue – shorter open time, easier to

sand Polyurethane glue – Gorilla Glue Contact Cement

water based 3M Fast Bond 30 solvent based 3M Scotch Brand

ADHESIVES types-liquid hide glue

Hide Glue - Titebond Liquid Hide provides superior creep-resistance, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. Its sensitivity to moisture allows for easy disassembly of parts, a critical benefit in antique restoration or the repair of musical instruments.

ADHESIVES types-PVA

Titebond® Glue

The cabinetmaker's standard. Titebond Original Wood Glue is the industry standard for woodworking. A ready-to-use aliphatic resin adhesive with outstanding strength. Also Titebond Dark Wood glue for dark woods is available

It provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set to reduce clamp time. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. The cabinetmaker's standard.

Sets fast, sands easily and resists moisture. Available in regular original wood glue formula or in dark color formula for dark color woods.

ADHESIVES types-PVA

Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue

Works great outdoors. Titebond II Premium Wood Glue is the only leading brand, one-part wood glue that passes the ANSI Type II water-resistance specification. It is ideal for exterior wood-working projects, including outdoor furniture, birdhouses, mailboxes, planters and picnic tables. Polyaliphatic Resin Polymer

Titebond II Premium provides a strong initial tack, fast speed of set, superior strength and excellent sandability. It is FDA approved for indirect food contact (cutting boards) and is ideal for radio frequency (R-F) gluing systems.

ADHESIVES type – advanced polymer

Titebond™ III Ultimate Wood Glue Superior waterproof wood glue is ideal for exterior

and interior woodworking! Available in five sizes. Stronger, safer, easier to clean up and less

expensive than polyurethane glues. Allows eight minutes of open time and has an

application temperature as low as 47º F. One hour clamp time! Cleans up with water. Does not foam.

ADHESIVES types

Titebond® Polyurethane Glue

Good for indoors or outdoors.

Titebond Polyurethane Glue is a breakthrough in adhesive technology. It is the only polyurethane glue to combine a long 20 minute working time with a short 45 minute clamp time. It is a versatile, professional-strength glue specifically formulated for multi-purpose applications.

In addition to its superior wood-to-wood performance, Titebond Polyurethane Glue is ideal for metals, ceramics, most plastics, HPL, Corain, stone and other porous/non-porous materials. It is ready-to-use, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes.

ADHESIVES types

Gorilla Glue The original premium quality polyurethane glue now available in

a smaller size! Gorilla bonds virtually everything, indoors or outdoors! No mixing required. Bonds wood, stone, metal, ceramics and plastics without a glue line. 100 percent waterproof. Environmentally safe once cured.

SpecificationsCoverage: minimum of a 1/2 oz. per Sq. ft. Single-sidedOpen Working Time: 20 minutes or moreClamping Time:1-4 hrs. at 68°-130° F. Heavy hardwoods may require longerCures: 90% in 1-4 hrs. 100% in 24 hrs.Temp. Range: 40-130° best at 68-130°Moisture Content: Best results from 10-25% Below 10%, apply water to non glue surface.Shelf Life: 3 yrs. + unopened. Up to 1 yr openedExpansion: Non-thermoplastic. Will not expand or contract in the glue line after hardening.

ADHESIVES types - PVA

Titebond® Wood Molding Glue

Titebond Wood Molding Glue is the thickest, fastest-drying glue available for use with porous and semi-porous materials. It is ideal for finish trim, crown molding, baseboards, window casings and other applications requiring a professional-strength, no-run wood glue.

Titebond Wood Molding provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set, yet allows realignment of working pieces. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes.

ADHESIVES types

Contact Adhesive water based 3M Fast Bond 30NF solvent based 3M Scotch Grip

Contact Adhesive 10 Uses – Plastic Laminate,

veneers, edgebanding

ADHESIVES types

Your brain after using water based contact cement

ADHESIVES types

Your brain afterusing solvent basedcontact cement

ADHESIVES types

Hot Melt Glue

ADHESIVES types – hot melt

ADHESIVES clamping

THREE REASONS TO USE CLAMPS: DRY FIT KEEP PARTS ALIGNED WHILE GLUE

CURES MOST GLUES REQUIRE PRESSURE

BRINGS MEMBERS INTO CONTACT SQUEEZE OUT AIR THIN OUT GLUE –NO THICKER THAN A

PIECE OF PAPER

ADHESIVES clamping

Clamp Layout – 1” from edge and 8” to 10” intervals

ADHESIVES clamping

ADHESIVES clamping

WOODEN CAULS

ADHESIVES clamping

HOW MUCH PRESSURE IS REQUIRED?

Low Density Woods – 100 to 150 PSI PINE

Medium Density Woods – 150 to 250 PSI ALDER

High Density Hardwoods – UP to 300 PSI RED OAK

HPL – 30 to 80 PSI Veneer – 100 to 125 PSI

ADHESIVES clamping

How Much Pressure Can Be Exerted By A Clamp?

Wood Screw Clamp – 800 to 1000 #

Bar Clamp – Up to 2000# C-clamp – 1000# Spring Clamp – 25#

GLUING & WOOD MOVEMENT

Wood Is Hygroscopic

Most Movement Occurs Tangentially

Wood Cups Towards The Bark Side

GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT

OVERALL EFFECT

GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT

OVERALL EFFECT

WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING

Least Effective Joint Alignment

TANGENTIALFACE

TANGENTIALFACE

WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING

More Effective

TANGENTIALFACE

RADIALFACE

WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING

Most effective

RADIALFACE

RADIALFACE

JOINERY

SIDE GRAIN JOINTS

STRONG

JOINERY

FLAT GRAIN JOINTS

STRONG

JOINERY

END GRAIN TO END GRAIN

WEAK

JOINERY

END GRAIN TO SIDE GRAIN

WEAK

JOINERY – mortise & tenon

OPEN MORTISE & TENON

JOINERY mortise & tenon

THROUGH TENON

JOINERY dado

PLAIN DADO

JOINERY dado

STOP DADO

JOINERY lap

END LAP

JOINERY corner joints

RABBET JOINT

JOINERY corner joints

SPLINED CORNER JOINT

JOINERY corner joints

LOCK SHOULDER

JOINERY corner joints

DOVETAIL

JOINERY miter

MITER JOINT WITH SPLINE

JOINERY edge to edge

EDGE TO EDGE SPLINE JOINT

DOWELED JOINTS

The Strength Of A Doweled Assembly Is Directly Related To:

The Tensile Strength Of The Dowels

The Distance Between The Dowel Centers

Half The Distance Between The Dowel Center And The Shoulder

DOWEL PLACEMENT

2” STILE & RAILStrength of Dowels Distance between

centers + ½ center of one dowel to shoulder11/4” + (3/8”/2) = 1 7/16

1 7/16 X Sheer Strength of Dowel

Increasing the distancebetween the dowel centers istwice as effective as increasingthe shoulder between the

dowel and the edge of the rail.

1 1

/4

"3

/8

"3

/8

"

DOWEL PLACEMENT

2” STILE & RAIL Strength of

Dowels Distance

between centers + ½ center of one dowel to shoulder

1” + (½”/2 ) = 1 ¼

DOWEL PLACEMENT

2” STILE & RAIL Strength of

Dowels Distance between

centers + ½ center of one dowel to shoulder

Example: 3/8” + (3/4”/2) = 3/4

DOWEL PLACEMENT

MAX. EFFECTIVE DOWEL LENGTHS (8:1)

Dowel Diameter Dowel Length

1/4” 2” 3/8” 3” 1/2” 3

½”