Advanced Digital Cable Architecture & Technologies …sites.ieee.org/scv-ces/files/2015/06/Adv_Digital_Cable_Arch___Tech.pdf · Advanced Digital Cable Architecture & Technologies

1© 2006 Cisco & Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Advanced Digital Cable Architecture & Technologies

By Greg ThompsonChief Video Architect of Cisco’s VCNBU(Video & Content Networking Business Unit)Service Provider Video / IPTV Group+1-408-525-7711 or [email protected]

IEEE CES Santa Clara meetingSeptember 26th 2006

Recent addition to Cisco family

© 2006 Cisco & Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.. All rights reserved. 2

Topics

• Digital Cable Foundation Technology– Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)– MPEG-2 Transport Streams, CAS Architecture, Video over IP

• Video-on-Demand– Forms of Video on Demand (VOD), network PVR (nPVR)– VOD delivery architecture to EdgeQAMs

• High Speed Data and Voice– DOCSIS STB Gateway (DSG), Modular CMTS– DOCSIS 3.0 including Channel Bonding (Wideband)– PacketCable 2.0 & PacketCable Multi-Media

• Next Generation Digital Video– Digital Simulcast– Next Generation Network Architecture (NGNA)– Downloadable Conditional Access System (DCAS)– OpenCable Application Platform (OCAP)


Digital CableFoundation Technology

Master Headend

RegionalHeadends orPrimary Hubs

DistributionHubs

Optical Nodes


Upstream Downstreamanalog TV

Downstreamdigital TV

QPSKModulation( ~1b/Hz )

64/256-QAMModulation( ~6-8b/Hz )

AM-VSB RF Modulation(NTSC/PAL/SECAM analog)

Data, VoD,Telephony

Typical Cable Frequency Allocation

HFHF UHFUHFVHFVHF to 3GHz

300MHz

30MHz

3MHz

Guardband

FM

Band

MHz

LowBand2-6

MidBand14-22(A2-I)

HighBand7-13

SuperBand23-36(J-W)

Sub LowBand

T7-T14

HyperBand37-64

(AA-BBB)

or 860 GHzor 1 GHz

7507005505 42 50

UltraBand

65-125


Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Architecture

• Amplitude-modulated RF over SM fibers to neighborhoods• Eliminated many trunk amps, enabled “Spatial Multiplexing”

ServiceArea

750 MHz to 1 GHz of bandwidth per Service Area

AM fiber

Digital fiber ringsIP/GigE/DWDM

RF


HFC Arial Optical Nodes in Neighborhoods


Ground Optical Nodes in Neighborhoods


Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

16-QAM constellation

I

Q I,Q=00I,Q=10

I,Q=11 I,Q=01

1011 1001

1010 1000

1111 1101

1110 1100

0011 0001

0010 0000

0111 0101

0110 0100

I

Q

0111

10 00

QPSK (4-QAM)90 degreephase shift

(Carrierfreq.)

I

Qb2 b4 b6 b8

10001110

1011

0010

ΣLocalOsc.

b1 b3 b5 b7

b1 b2 b3 b4 ...

10 11

00 1000 = pos/low level10 = neg/high level

10 = neg/low level11 = neg/high level

+

Modulate

Modulate

MPEG-2 MPTS + FEC

bit stream

Two multi-levelamplitude-modulated

signals 90º out of phase

Combined signaltransitions from

state to state1000 1110


QAM Modulation Bandwidth

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (n-QAM)– 5.056941 (64-QAM) or 5.360537 (256-QAM) Mega symbols/sec in 6 MHz, or– 6.900 (or 6.875) Msymbols/sec (Mbaud) in 8 MHz channels

64-QAM constellation

I

Q11001001

I,Q=00I,Q=10

I,Q=11 I,Q=01

1100

ModulationScheme

MPEG-2TS Mbit/sec

Total Mbit/secincluding FEC

16-QAM64-QAM256-QAM

16-QAM64-QAM256-QAM

19.44126.9703538.8107025.43538.15350.870

21.09630.3416542.8843027.60041.40055.200

6 MHzchannel

8 MHzchannel


MPEG-2 Transport Stream Details

•• Each 188 byte Transport Stream packet contains data from one Each 188 byte Transport Stream packet contains data from one elementary stream or PSI/SI data as defined by the 13 bit PID vaelementary stream or PSI/SI data as defined by the 13 bit PID valuelue

4 bytes4 bytes

Syncbyte0x47

Transporterror

Indicator

Payloadunit startIndicator

TransportScrambling

ControlTransport

Priority PID AdaptationField Control

ContinuityCounter

8 bits8 bits 11 11 2211 1313 22 4 bits4 bitsPacketPacketHeaderHeader

188 188 bytesbytes

eam packeteam packet MPEGMPEG--2 Tra2 Tra

Stuffingbytes0xFF

DiscontinuityIndicator Flags

Randomaccess

Indicator

ElementaryStreamPriority

1 bit1 bit 55

Adaptationfield

length

Packet Payload(PES or PSI data)

Start code 0x000001yy

PCR OPCR Adaptationfield ext.

Splicecountdown

TS privatedata

42 + 6 42 + 6 resres 8 bits8 bitsAdaptationAdaptationFieldsFields

42 + 6 42 + 6 resres

. . .. . .. . .. . .

8 bits8 bits

OptionalAdaptation

Fields

variablevariable

1 bit1 bit 1 bit1 bit

MPEGMPEG--2 Transport Stream packet2 Transport Stream packet


VideoPES

PCRs

AudioPES

MPEG-1 Level 2 (Musicam) or Dolby AC-3 5.1 SurroundAudio Elementary Stream

MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream

• Transport Stream defined by ISO/IEC 13818-1 or ITU-T H.222.0

MPEG-2TransportStream

Mux

VideoEncoder

AudioEncoder

MPEG-1 or MPEG-2SDTV or HDTV VideoElementary Stream

PacketizerVideoInput

AudioInputs Packetizer

AudioPES

MPEG-2SPTS tonetwork

orstorage

Alternate audio tracks

Optional application dataPAT (PID=0) & PMT

Contains a single video program with associated

audio, data, etc.

27 MHz clockTiming Information


Video A PES

Audio A PES

Data A PES

Video B PES

Audio B PES

Video Z PES

1st Audio Z PES

2nd Audio Z PES

MPEG-2 Multiple Program Transport Stream

• Multiple programs sharing a single network channel

MPEG-2TransportStream

Mux

MPEG-2MPTS tonetwork

{Program A

{Program B

{Program Z

“Directory” PAT and PMT packetsProgram & System Information (PSIP) packetsConditional Access CAT (PID 1) / EMMs / ECMs

Multiplexed using13-bit PIDs in 4 byte MPEG-2 TS header

0x47 PID

188 byte MPEG-2 TS packets

184 byte

Payload4 byte


MPEG-2 System Information (SI) Tables

Program 2 PID 20Program 3 PID 30…

Program # PMT PIDPAT

MPEG-1 Video PID 21MPEG-1 Audio 1 PID 24MPEG-1 Audio 2 PID 25

PMT

Stream Type PES PID

MPEG-2 Video PID 31Dolby AC3 Audio PID 34CA_desc sys_id PID 32

PMT

Stream Type PES/ECM PID

CAT

PAT Prog 2PMT

Prog 3PMT CAT EMM Prog 2

VideoProg 3Video

Prog 2Audio 2

Prog 3Audio

Prog 2Audio 1

CA_system_IDEMM_PID 7(rest private)

Prog 2Video

Prog 2Audio 1

0PID 1 7 320 30 24 21 25 34 31 21 24 ...

PAT - Program Association Table (one per mux)PMT - Program Map Table (one per program)CAT - Conditional Access Table (vendor defined)

CA_descriptor in PMT identifies CAS systemand specifies PID of ECM stream for program

CAT always PID 1Not Scrambled Scrambled

PAT always on PID 0

ECM

20SI tables typically repeat every 0.1 seconds Time

Optional if EMMsdelivered out-of-band


CWCW

ECMECM

EMMEMM

MPEG-2 Conditional Access Architecture

Three nested layers of CAS encryption:

EMMEMM

Control WordGenerator

ECMEncryption

SubscriberManagement

SubscriberAuthorization

Mux

MMuuxx

CAsub-

system

Public KeyIdentity

ECMECM

CWCWTxTx

UnscrambledMPEG-2 TS

packets

ScrambledMPEG-2 TS

packets

CableCARD, DCASor DVB-CI in STB

DES-CBC, AES, DVB-CSA, etc.

percontent

persubscriber

Changed every5 to 15 seconds

Even/Odd keySent >0.4 secbefore needed

Scrambling

Key Control

Management

of protectedasset

Demux

DDeemmuuxx

PCMCIA or Secure MicroPCMCIA or Secure Micro

DescramblerScrambler

MPEG-2MPTS

Designed for a broadcast environment


MPEG-2 SPTS over UDP/IP video delivery

• One to seven MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS)packets per Ethernet frame delivered directly over UDP/IP/Ethernet– For each 3.75 Mbps MPEG-2 SD stream, one Ethernet packet every ~2.8 msec– For each 15.0 Mbps MPEG-2 HD stream, one Ethernet packet every ~0.7 msec

• Up to 250 streams at 3.75 Mbps/stream per Gigabit Ethernet output• UDP/IP/GigE delivery overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1370) = 4%

. . .. . .. . .. . .

Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packetsper 1362 byte Ethernet PDU

1-7 * 188 bytes14

IPv4

IIPPvv44

MAC

MMAACC

PHY

PPHHYY

UDP

UUDDPP

CRC

CCRRCC

20 8 48

Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max

Multiple completeMPEG-2 packetsMultiple completeMPEG-2 packets

G-2acketG-2acket

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPESPTS p

MPESPTS p

MPEG-2MPEGMPEG--22

7 * 188 byt14

IPv4

IIPPvv44

MAC

MMAACC

PHY

PPHHYY

UUDDPP

20 88

MultipleMPEG-2MultipleMPEG-2

CRC

CCRRCC4

ltiple completeEG-2 packets ltiple completeEG-2 packets 1-7 * 188 bytes

Time


MPEG-2 SPTS over RTP/UDP/IP delivery

• Adds RTP-layer time stamp, sequence number, and other capabilities defined by IETF RFC 3550 (RTP) and RFC 2250 (MPEG over RTP)

• Still integral number of MPEG-2 TS packets per RTP message– For each 2 Mbps Adv Codec SD stream, one Ethernet packet every 5.264 msec– For each 8 Mbps Adv Codec HD stream, one Ethernet packet every 1.316 msec

• RTP/UDP/IP/GigE overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1382) = 5%

. . .. . .. . .. . .

Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packetsper 1374 byte Ethernet PDU

1-7 * 188 bytes14

IPv4

IIPPvv44

MAC

MMAACC

PHY

PPHHYY

UDP

UUDDPP

CRC

CCRRCC

20 8 48

Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max

Multiple completeMPEG-2 packetsMultiple completeMPEG-2 packets

G-2acketG-2acket

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPESPTS p

MPESPTS p

7 * 18814

IPv4

IIPPvv44

MAC

MMAACC

PHY

PPHHYY

UUDDPP

20 88

MultipleMPEG-2MultipleMPEG-2

CRC

CCRRCC4

iple completeEG-2 packets iple completeEG-2 packets 1-7 * 188 bytes

Time

RTP

RRTTPP

12

RTP

RRTTPP

12


Video Compression Technology

Video Sequence

Group of Pictures

… …

Picture BlockMacroblock16x16 pixels

8Pixels

8Pixels

DiscreteCosine

Transform

I Frames - Intra-coded only - Reference frame for future prediction.P Frames - Forward prediction from either previous I or P frames.B Frames - Bi-directional interpolated prediction from two sources.

I IB B B BP P BB

One Group of Pictures

43.8-40 0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0 0 0 0-4.1 -1.1

DCT Co-efficientsZig-Zag extraction

H.264

ISO/IEC-11172 (MPEG-1 ~1988-1996)ISO/IEC-13818 (MPEG-2 ~1993-2000)ISO/IEC-14496 (MPEG-4 ~2001-2005)

vs. VC-1

Next Gen “Advanced Video Codecs”:

(Future: MPEG-4 SVC?)


• Most critical: Packet Loss Ratio (PLR)– Video is compressed; Each Packet Carries Multiple Frames

Any loss likely causes visible artifact for a varying amount of time– Rule of thumb is no more than one artifact per 2 hour movie

For MPEG-2 Standard Definition content @ 3.75 Mbps this translatesto a PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (3,750,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.390 x 10-6

MPEG-4 AVC or SMPTE VC-1 High Definition requires at least 6 Mbpsor PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (6,000,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.244 x 10-6

– Thus packet losses due to congestion MUST be avoidedUse Call Admission Control (CAC) + DiffServ prioritization

• Causes for Packet Loss– STB Codec Jitter Buffer Overflow or Underflow– Router Buffer Overflow– Bit Errors on Physical Links

• Losses due to bit errors on non-fiber links (copper/wireless) may need supplemental Application-level FEC or re-transmissions

– A deeper link layer FEC over burdens VoIP and data applications

PLR Requirements for Video


Video-On-Demand

Putting the Subscriber in Control


Cable’s Video-On-Demand initiative

LeveragesDigital Cable or IP

Set Top Boxes (STBs)

Service Provider

VOD is about putting the consumer in controlin accessing high-quality video-based content

VOD = Video-On-Demand


Movies on Demand (MOD)

– Like Pay-Per-View (PPV)except lots of titles available any time the customer wants

– Movies typically rent for a 24 hour period, unlimited viewsduring rental period

– Buy rates 2 to 3 times PPV– Full visual VCR controls– No returns or late fees– No physical tapes or DVDs– Content can be made available

very quickly


Subscription Video-on-Demand (SVOD)

– Fixed monthly charge for unlimited access to a library of content– Premium Channel (ex. HBO & Starz) SVOD packages with subscription– New distribution outlet for broadcast and cable network content– SVOD is popular driving VOD peak utilizations higher– Average viewing durations

much less than 2 hours


SVOD Normalized Weekly Buy Rate

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time of Day

Nor

mal

ized

Hou

rly B

uy R

ate

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

SVOD Demand is “flat” both day-to-day and hour-to-hour

30 Minute Average Session Duration

6 – 10 Hours/Month/Sub

MOD Normalized Weekly Hourly Buy Rate

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Time of Day

Nor

mal

ized

Hou

rly B

uy R

ate

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

SVOD Daily Demand

Sat

Fri

Sun

MOD Daily Demand

MOD Demand is highly peaked on weekends at prime time.

2 Hour Average Session Duration

2 – 6 Hours/Month/Sub

MOD vs. SVOD/FVOD Behavior


High Definition Video-on-Demand (HDVOD)

• Delivering the promise of Home Theatre– Leverages >10M HDTVs already installed in

US and >83% annual growth now occurring• Uses same VOD infrastructure and

HD-STBs deployed for broadcast HDTV• 6 times higher screen resolution

– HDVOD bit rate is 15 Mbps (4xSD)

• High value content– Sporting events, First run movies, Network HD broadcasts, etc.

• Most of the time a VOD system is not at peak capacity– Can dynamically decide to accept HDVOD maximizing ROI


Network Personal Video Recorder (nPVR)

• Broadcast TV whenever you want it– One copy of all broadcast content captured

and stored on a central headend VOD server– Access to broadcast programs via familiar EPG or

searching via category, series, episode, actor, etc.

• Without cost or complexity of home PVRs– Works with standard digital Set Top Boxes (STBs)– Don’t have to guess what you might want to watch– Don’t have to manage limited PVR disk storage

• Headend is most cost-effective place to store broadcasts– Much more reliable and less expensive place to store content– Headend servers can ensure commercials aren’t skipped

• Best solution will be a hybrid of STB & network PVR– STB-PVR handles pausing live TV, nPVR enables unlimited content

Examples:Time Warner Start Over& Cablevision RS-DVR


Advanced Advertising integrated with VOD

• On-Demand (VOD & PVRs) isdevaluing traditional broadcast advertising– Can’t assume subscriber will see the ads

• New approaches to advertising:– More product placement ads within content– Spot ads or placement on VOD user interface– Long format ads on FreeVOD– Targeted or Personalized Advertising

Third-party application can select the adsbased on a profiles and preferences

Spot insertion before, during or aftervideo on demand (VOD) content

Video Pump dynamically splices in the ads– Interactive Advertising

Ads can be delivered based on customerrequest and even solicit customer input


The Big Problem of Subscriber Churn

• People try but didn’t stay with Digital Cable service– Digital Cable needed something more to make it unique

• VOD now viewed as a big churn reducer for Digital– MOD, SVOD & FreeVOD is today significantly pulling in greater

Digital Tier and Premium Channel revenue and reducing churn

High cost of installs


Therefore VOD delivers Revenue in 2 ways

• Directly: MOD increases PPV revenue, plus new SVOD revenue(Since Dec 2003, VOD buys exceeded total PPV buys)

• Indirectly: Attracts new subscribers to the Digital TV serviceReduces subscribers dropping service by 15-25%

Cable & TelcoService Providers


HFC’s Targetable Bandwidth enables VOD

• Each “Service Group” gets its own RF Spectrum of channels

Homes passedper node or

Service Groupx x % Digital

subscribers% CATV

subscribers xPeak

Simultaneous use rate

~ 1000

x MPEG-2Mbps/stream

x ~ 67% x ~ 40% x ~ 15%

/256-QAM

Mbps / 6 MHzRF channel

RF Channels neededto support VOD service

=~ 3.75 / ~ 38 ~ 3.95

=

(typically 500 to 2000) (and growing)

(50 Mbps/QAM in Europeusing 8 MHz channels)

(CableLabs standard:3.75 Mbps for SD

15.00 Mbps for HD)

(6% to 20% today)(common in US)

(typically 2 to 8 channelsallocated per Service Group)


Cable VOD Video Delivery Architecture

• Video Server & EdgeQAMs are major portions of per stream cost– Currently sized for approximately 10-15% peak concurrency– Leverages existing digital cable set top boxes & HFC network

• Video Server consists of video storage, switching, and streaming– Market is looking to disaggregate it into its separate components

~$60-$120/stream

~$10-$30/stream

~$35-$80/stream

~$5-$20/stream

(Typical ASP based on 3.75Mbps CBR MPEG-2 streams)

~$5-$20/stream

VOD ServerComponents

Network

VideoVaults

Video StreamersInternal,

FC, orGigE

GigE

EdgeQAMsMetropolitan AreaOptical Transport

Network

DWDM GigEGigERF

GigE

RF

RF

VODback-office

VideoStorage

VideoStorage

TandbergTV,SeaChangeC-COR etc.

GigESwitch/Routers


Top-levelSP-CDNServers

Linear

PC

“Cable” Video Architecture Evolution to IP

Regional IPNetwork

DRM

HFCNetworkEncoding

NationalLinear

VoDAssets

Rich MediaDevices

SD/HDTelevision

Cable STB

CableModem

VOD/nPVRStorage &Streamers

VOD

Pre-positionedContent

WidebandM-CMTS

LocalAd

Insertion(DPI)

Edge QAMs/Encryption

Linear

VOD

Next GenCable STB

LocalStreamingServers

NationalAssetManagement

RegionalAsset

Management

TV

RegionalNational Local

Transcoding

Video Phone

Hotspot Laptop

RegionalLinear &

VOD Assets

Encoding

Rob Horner

AVC

AVC

MPEG2

AVCMPEG-2

MPEG4/H.264WM9/VC1MPEG2

National IPBackbone

LinearAll DigitalSimulcast

EntitlementPCMM

Pitcher/Catcher

nPVR

CAS Encryption

HSD

QoSsignaling

QAM over RF


High Speed Data and Voice

Building the Cable Infrastructure


CableLabs in Louisville CO

• Background– Founded in 1988 as a non-profit R & D consortium, financed by MSOs– It’s charter is to serve the cable industry by:

1) Researching and identifying new broadband technologies2) Authoring specifications3) Certifying products 4) Disseminating information

• Current Projects– DOCSIS ® - cable modem technology– PacketCable™ - real-time multimedia services over cable– CableHome™ - extends MSO services into the home– OpenCable™ - develop “plug-and-play” retail DTV & STB standards– Go2Broadband™ - web portal to locate MSO services– VOD Metadata - distribution of VOD content to MSO divisions– Digital Advertising - develop of Digital Program Insertion standards

• IPTV Investigations– CableLabs looking at IPTV internally and via ITU=T SG 9 route to better

leverage IP and offer MSO’s services to more devices, modes and locations– CableLabs monitoring various SDOs (e.g. ITU-T IPTV FG)

www.cablelabs.com


Data Over Cable Services Interface Specifications

1999 DOCSIS 1.0 (High Speed Internet Access)– Drove Modem prices from $300 in 1998 to < $30 in 2004

2001 DOCSIS 1.1 (Voice, Gaming, Streaming)– “Quality of Service” and dynamic services, a MUST for PacketCable™– Service Security: CM authentication, secure download; operations tools

2002 DOCSIS 2.0 (Increased Capacity for Symmetric Services)– More upstream capacity than DOCSIS 1.0 (x6) & DOCSIS 1.1 (x3)– Improved robustness against interference (A-TDMA and S-CDMA)

2003 eDOCSIS™ (DOCSIS in more than just Cable Modems)– Embedded DOCSIS in MTA, RG, next gen cable STBs, etc.

2004 DSG (Move from proprietary OOB to DOCSIS)– DOCSIS Set-top box Gateway supports transition to DOCSIS-based NG STBs

2006 Modular CMTS™ (Separates PHY from MAC in headend CMTS) – Leverage cost-effective VOD EdgeQAM technology for CMTS– Enable transition to common pool of QAM resources for data, voice and video

2006 DOCSIS 3.0 (Improve operation in a Broadband IP world)– Channel Bonding, IPv6 support, enhanced IP Multicast www.cablemodem.com


DOCSIS Set top box Gateway (DSG)

• Supports one-way operation over DOCSIS– If DOCSIS upstream is down, traditional broadcast

Cable STBs services remain unaffected

www.cablemodem.com/specifications/gateway.html


CMTS

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

MACProcessing

MACProcessing

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

QAMModulator

QAMModulator

DownstreamRF Out

Upstream RF Inputs

NetworkProcessingNetwork

Processing

NSI

Today’s CMTS is Integrated

Modular CMTS (M-CMTS)

M-CMTSCore

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

MACProcessing

MACProcessing

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

BurstDemod

QAMModulator

QAMModulator

DownstreamRF Out

Upstream RF Inputs

L2TPv3 Tunnel

MasterClock

MasterClock

NSI

Tomorrow's CMTS is Modular

EdgeQAMNetworkProcessingNetwork

Processing


Modular CMTS Architecture

• Enabler of cable’s movement to IPTV via Video over DOCSIS (VDOC)

RFSwitchMatrix

Node

DOCSISMAC

Node

Node

Node

Switching Control

DOCSISU/S Demods

RCVIPSwitching

(Layer 2-7)

EdgeQAMs

&Upconversion

RCV

Timing(Clock Master)

SRC

Data Traffic

ManagementControl

Timing Signals

ERM

To S

essi

on R

esou

rce

Arch

itect

ure

Edge Resource Manager

IP RAN/METRO

DOCSIS Resource Manager

Node

Node

Node

RFSwitchMatrix

Node

DOCSISMAC

Node

Node

NodeNode

Switching Control

DOCSISU/S Demods

RCVIPSwitching

(Layer 2-7)

EdgeQAMs

&Upconversion

RCV

Timing(Clock Master)

SRC

Data Traffic

ManagementControl

Timing Signals

ERM

To S

essi

on R

esou

rce

Arch

itect

ure

To S

essi

on R

esou

rce

Arch

itect

ure

Edge Resource Manager

IP RAN/METRO



NodeNode

NodeNode

NodeNode

www.cablemodem.com/specifications/m-cmts.html


DOCSIS 3.0 Functionality

• MAC Layer– DS Channel Bonding – US Channel Bonding

• Network Layer– IPv6 support– IP Multicast Enhancements

(SSM, QoS, IGMPv3/MLDv2)

• Security– Certificate Revocation Mgmt– Runtime SW/config validation– Enhanced Traffic Encryption – Certificate Convergence – Secure Provisioning

www.cablemodem.com/specifications/specifications30.html

• Network Management– Standard Flap List – Extension of IPDR– Capacity Management – Enhanced signal quality

monitoring

• Commercial Services– T1/E1 Circuit Emulation Support

• Physical Layer– Switchable 5-65MHz US Band– S-CDMA Active Code Selection

Specifications were releasedAugust 7, 2006


PacketCable Multi-Media Architecture

• Application-drivenQoS signalling for cable architectures

Application Manager(Gaming, SIP proxy, PacketCable CMS, etc.)

Policy Server(implementingMSO-definedrule set)

Me

CMTS

DOCSIS 1.1or greater

Cable Modem

You

DOCSIS 1.1or greater

Cable Modem

www.packetcable.com/specifications/multimedia.html

COPS


PacketCable 2.0 Architecture

Also now ITU-T IPCablecom2

Compatible with

E-MTAs

NAT & Firewall

Traversal

PacketCable Multimedia

Provisioning, Management,

Accounting

Different types of clients

IMS Service Delivery

IMS Elements

adopted and enhanced for

Cable

Re-use PacketCable

PSTN gateway

components

www.packetcable.com/specifications/specifications20.html

leveraging3GPP IMS


Next Generation Digital Video

Moving beyond Channel Change


Digital Simulcast Architecture

• Video delivery to hub in digital, conversion to analog at edgeHead End Ad Zone / Hub To

CustomerUplinkSource

Current Analog Tier

(Digital carriage on satellitewith DPI

Current Analog Tier

(Digital carriage on satellite,

no DPI)

CurrentAnalog Tier

Cue ToneDetect

SCTE-35Insertion

Sat. Rcv

Mux Groom

AdSplice

Sat.Rcv.

V / A

ASIGE

GE

AdSplice

GE

GE

AdSplice

ASI

GE

Ad Encoder3.75 Mbps

GE

GE

Sat. Rcv

Mux Groom

SCTE-35Insertion

Mux Groom

AD Server

Sat. RcvV/A

Cue-Tone

Detect

SCTE-35Insertion

Encode

QPSKMux

GE

GE

Cue-Tone

Detect

Sat. Rcv

Mux QAMEncryptGE

Decoder(D->A)GE

GroomCombinerRF

Mux QAMEncryptGE

Decoder(D->A)GE

GroomCombinerRF

Mux QAMEncryptGE

Decoder(D->A)GE

GroomCombinerRF

Analog

Digital

Analog

Digital

Analog

Digital

(Analog carriage on satellite)

Encoder


What was NGNA?

• NGNA = Next Generation Network Architecture– An LLC & Project initiated by Comcast, Time Warner, and Cox

114 page RFI was issuedJanuary 30, 2004

>80 responses received byMarch 26, 2004

Going forward plan issuedJuly 26, 2004

Modelled on successful1996-8 MCNS/DOCSIS effort

– Headend arch sent to CableLabsSTB arch led to Comcast RNG

• Defined a open next generationIntegrated Multimedia Architecturefor digital cable going forward

CED cover article May 2004


Goals of NGNA

• Drive down the cost and enable retail STBs– and create a well-defined CPE Application Environment

• Support transition to All-Digital services– and eventually a transition to All-IP

• Provide a transition to open cost-effective CAS– eliminating the CAS lock optionally without CableCARD

• Provide expanded Capacity and Scalability– taking advantage of next-generation codecs, eliminating analog

channels, increasing OOB performance, etc.

• Define open and improved resource managementand head-end interfaces for advanced services– including self and rapid new service provisioning


NGNA Architectural Areas

• Digital Set Top Boxes (dSTB = SVD) for the Home– New IP/DOCSIS + MPEG-2 TS interactive SVD architecture– Eliminates NTSC analog and proprietary OOB support– Drives to low cost, while making VOD and OCAP standard

• Universal Edge (3G CMTS) for the Headend– Integrated Data, Voice (VoIP), plus Video support– Led to CableLabs M-CMTS and DOCSIS 3.0 efforts

• Next Generation On Demand (NGOD) Architecture– Open APIs between VOD architectural components– Management of sessions, bandwidth, content location, etc.– Auto-discovery and registration of resources– Decouples Edge Resource Manager (ERM) and CAS support


NGNA STB Software Architecture

• Middleware Std: Open Cable Applications Platform (OCAP)– JAVA & DVB-MHP based, available via OCAP Development LLC

• Comcast (GuideWorks)and Time Warner(MystroTV) developing:– OCAP-based

EPG+VOD+DVRapplications

• Third-partydownloadable apps– (Games, etc.)

• Self-provisioning,Home Networking,App management NGNA’s video CPE software architecture reference model


NGNA Three Ways to Deliver Video

• All STB tuners must support all three– Facilitates sharing of QAM resources,

IP delivery, & future transition to all IP

• STBs must support MPEG-2 andboth advanced codecs (one at a time):– H.264 (MPEG-4 part 10 AVC)

or WM9 VC-9 (SMPTE VC-1)

BaselineMPEG-2 Transport

over QAM

Video PES

Audio PES

MPEG-2 TSQAM

Video PES

Audio PES

QAM channelMPEG-2 TS

DOCSISData Packet

DOCSIS MAC Layer

IP

Extended 1MPEG-2 Transport

Multiplexed with DOCSIS Data

Extended 2Video overIP/DOCSIS

Video PES

Audio PES

MPEG-2 TSQAM

IP

DOCSISData Packet

DOCSISMAC Layer

UDP/TCP

RTPMPEG-2 TS etc


Downloadable CA Support (DCAS)

• CableCARD alternative• Legacy CA support

– Eliminates CA lock• Allows CA firmware

to be field-updated – To change CA system– or if security breached

• From NGNA and Comcast RNG efforts

– Submitted to FCC– Submitted to ITU-T SG9

Other Applications Secure Download

CSP = Configurable Security Processor

Two-way Authenticated CAConfiguration & Key Loading

Two-way AuthenticatedFirmware DownloadsDOCSIS 2.0

Signaling

Encrypted Video

Encrypted Video forStorage or Home Network

Clear Digital Video to Decoder

CA Portion of NGNA Video CPE Device

Encrypted Video

On Chip CA Microcontroller

AESDES / Triple DES

Legacy Cipher 2

Flexible Decryption

Engine

Legacy Cipher 1

Decryption Keys

Secure Download CA Key Mgmt Firmware Defined CA Key Mgmt App

EPROM Firmware

Next-Generation Configurable Security Processor

Re-Encrypted Digital Video

Clear Digital Video

Secure RAM/Flash

Entitlement Mgr

Security Reference Model

Subscriber Device Microcontroller PlatformFirmware Defined CA Key Management App


Open Cable Application Platform (OCAP)

• Digital Cable Receiver Software Platform– Defines signaling, data formats, and APIs

including from head-end servers to support it• Standard Middleware defined by CableLabs

– Standardized by ANSI/SCTE and ITU-T• Java based, Hardware & OS independent

– Removes hardware dependencies• Part of retail enabling strategy (driven by the FCC)

– Create competition in receiver market– Drive down cost of hardware, Increase rate of innovation

• Lower cost to deploy services across all cable systems– Hardware Portability, Application Interoperability

• Support operator downloaded monitor application– Implements STB “Personality, Look, and Feel”

www.opencable.com


OCAP Architecture

CableCARD removable security, Switching to Downloadable Conditional Access System (DCAS)

• Cable going with thick via OCAP

• Built on:– DVB-MHP– JVM, JavaTV– HAVi, DSM-CC– OpenCable

standards and– Comcast RNG

• Expected to be foundation for 2-way Digital Cable Ready standard (CHILA license) and

i


ITU-T SG9 Next Gen STB Architecture

Authorized Service Domain (ASD)

Operator-protected content – Download and –non QoS-sensitive

Guaranteed Service Domain (GSD) Streaming non - MSO rights - managed content – e.g.,voice, multiplayer game - playing

Approved Output Domain (AOD)Protected non -QoS-sensitive content on portable/mobile devices using approved ASD outputs

Content leaves ASD only using CableLabs approved interfaces (e.g,, 5C/1394, HDCP/DVI) and others to be approved.

Intersection of ASD & GSD Broadcast and streaming premium content services

Best Effort Domain (BED)Unprotected non-QoS-sensitive content services

• Consistent UI interface across devices

• UPnP/DLNA discovery

Authorized Service Domain (ASD)

Guaranteed Service Domain (GSD) Approved Output

Domain (AOD)Protected non -QoS-sensitive content on portable/mobile devices using approved ASD outputs

Content leaves ASD only using operator approved interfaces

Intersection of ASD & GSD Broadcast and streaming premium content services

Intersection of GSD & AOD

Protected QoS-sensitive content on devices using approved ASD outputs

Best Effort Domain (BED)Unprotected non-QoS-sensitive content services

QoS and UI guarantees

Operator-controlled flexible usage rights

• CA or specified in – home DRM & authentication

• Prioritized QoS (IPCable2Home & UPnP)

• Operator-generated HTML UI (UPnP Remote UI)

• UPnP/DLNA discovery

• Parameterized QoS (IPCable2Home/UPnP)

• High capacity wired backbone (e.g., coax, HomePlug, etc.)

Streaming non – operator rights – managed content – e.g., voice, multiplayer, game-playing

From draft ITU-T SG9Rec. J.stb-core-a definingNext Generation Cable Set Top Box architectureCame out of CableLab’s efforts

• Home Security Domains

www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com09


Summary

So what’s in store for us?


TV is going through its Biggest change since Color

– How many of us see going back to Black & White TV?– The change to HDTV resolutions is minor compared to TV’s

change to interactivity via PVRs, VoD, iTV, Quad Play integration, etc.

• Cisco, SA, & Linksys is the perfect team to bring IP and TVworlds together into an IPTV solution for all Service Providers


Questions?

Documents

Advanced Digital Cable Architecture & Technologies …sites.ieee.org/scv-ces/files/2015/06/Adv_Digital_Cable_Arch___Tech.pdf · Advanced Digital Cable Architecture & Technologies