Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal

Navigation)

Chapter 1

Considerations

Educational Officer – Dave Westdwest@voyager.net - 651-429-3840

Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg

davidmoberg@att.net – 715-386-8582Instructor – Art Mollica

artmollica@usfamily.net - 651-777-0277

United States Power Squadrons®

22

20’ 20’

35’ 35’

33

35’ 35’

FOLD BOTTOM THIRD UNDERNEATH AT 20’ MARK

44

FOLD TOP THIRD UNDERNEATH AT 35’ MARK

55

THIS IS THE AREA YOU WILL DO YOUR PLOTTING

66

COMPLETE FOLD FOR STORAGE

21.8’ 05.6’ 49.8’

77

FOLD FOREWARD AT 70º 49.8’ MARK

21.8’ 05.6’

88

FOLD BACKWARD AT 71º 05.6’ MARK

21.8’

99

FOLD LEFT EDGE FOREWARD AT 71º 21.8’ MARK

Slide 10

Course Objectives Extended Coastal / Inland Cruising

Electronic Navigation• Chartplotters, Computers, Digital Charts• Radar• Sonar, etc.

Advanced Positioning Techniques• Accuracy, Electronic Fixes• Avoidance Techniques

Tidal Effects• Depth, Clearance• Current Effects

Adjusting for Effects of Winds and Currents

Slide 11

Precision vs. Accuracy What You Attempt to do

… vs.

What You can Expect to Realize• Helmsmanship• Compass Performance• Boat Response to Seas• Avoiding Other Boats

Accuracy Factors• Plotting – 1º is Achievable• Helmsmanship – 3º may be Practical• Compass – 2º should be Expected

Averages out to about 4º• 425 ft per nautical mile run (0.7nm per 10nm run)

Slide 12

Exercise 1 – 1

C 0

17

M

D 6

.1

BB01

1. Plan to depart RW “OR” at the entrance to Oyster River. Label only the first leg.

2. Plot and label the first leg to R N “2” near Shark River.

3. Plot the second leg to waypoint BB01 (L 41º 43.7’ N Lo 71º 50.9’ W).

4. Plot the third leg to RN “2” at Perkins Cove.

5. Plot the return leg directly to RW “OR’.

Slide 13

Exercise 1 – 1

Leg 1: You depart RW “OR” on a clear day at 1000 with a speed on 12.0kn, but at 1010 find yourself in fog. You are able to see the light on Chapman Point, but little else. Your GPS has failed and your destination appears shrouded in fog as well. You are concerned because your next waypoint is only an unlighted buoy which you can easily miss. a. How will you navigate? b. How will you be able to check your position?

C 0

17

M

D 6

.1S

12

.0

1000

1010

BB01

Slide 14

C 0

17

M

D 6

.1S

12

.0

1000

1010

1031C 104MS 12.0 D 6.3

BB01

Exercise 1 – 1

Leg 2: You arrive at RN “2” at 1031 and start the second leg of your cruise. You’re still in fog. Your have radar and it is operational. a. How can you use your radar to find your position?

Slide 15

Exercise 1 – 1

Leg 3: You break out of the fog and fortunately your GPS has resumed operating, so you find BB01 at 1103. You start the third leg of the cruise which appears to be clear of the fog bank. You arrive at R N “2” outside Perkins Cove at 1152. a. What are your concerns on this leg? b. How will you ensure you are clear of the ‘Foul’ area? c. How will you ensure you miss the rocks near G “5”?

C 0

17

M

D 6

.1S

12

.0

1000

1010

1031C 104MS 12.0 D 6.3

BB011103

1152

C 155M

S 12.0

D 9.8

Slide 16

Exercise 1 – 1

Leg 4: You begin the final leg and soon are shrouded in fog again. At 1215 you decide to check and plot your GPS position, L 41º 36.6’ N Lo 71º 47.5’ W. You are off your intended course. a. What could have caused this condition? b. What could you have done to prevent this? c. Can the difference between the GPS fix and your DR be used to your advantage?

C 0

17

M

D 6

.1S

12

.0

1000

1010

1031C 104MS 12.0 D 6.3

BB011103

1152

C 155M

S 12.0

D 9.8

1215

1215 GPS

D 12.9

D 8.6C 287MS 12.0

C 290MS 12.0

Slide 17

Exercise 1 – 1

C 0

17

M

D 6

.1S

12

.0

1000 1258

1010

1031C 104MS 12.0 D 6.3

BB011103

1152

C 155M

S 12.0

D 9.8

D 12.9

D 8.6

C 290MS 12.0

Leg 4: Your GPS quits again, but fortunately the radar is still working. The problem is, you really don’t know exactly where you are. At Position A, you have just cleared the fog, but have not yet identified any navigation aids. You arrive at RW “OR” at 1258. a. What can you do to find your position?

A

1215

1215 GPSC 287MS 12.0

Slide 18

Electronic Navigation

• Primary Differences Screen Size Color vs. Grayscale Processing Speeds Features, Menus, and Controls

• Similarities Most Use Vector Digital Chips Screen Presentations Waypoints – Routes – Planning

GPS • Primary Position Sensor

Chartplotters• GPS Position on Digital Chart

Slide 19

Chartplotters Ideal for Any Size Boat

• Limited Space for Paper Charts

Live Navigation• Waypoint; route navigation; avoidance of hazards;

tides & currents; scroll ahead/check paths; harbor & marine facility data

Planning

Advantages• Self-contained; marinized; sunlight readable

Disadvantages• No mouse• Vector charts – Limited memory

19-APR-12

C

D

MVT

Deviation Table (end of Chapter 7)

Magnetic to Compass

Compass to Magnetic

Magnetic

Deviation Compass

Deviation

000º 1º W 000º 1º W

045º 2º W 045º 2º W

090º 2º W 090º 2º W

135º 1º W 135º 1º W

180º 0º 180º 0º

225º 2º E 225º 2º E

270º 1º E 270º 1º E

315º 1º E 315º 1º E

000º 1º W

180º 0º

045º 2º W

090º

2º W

135º

1º

W

225º

2º E

270

º 1º

E

315º

1º E

Applying Deviation

023º

068º

113º

158º

248º

293º

195º

210º

203º 1º E

338º

0º

330º

345º

2º W

1º W

0º

2º E1º

E1º

E

1º W

1º E

0º

T VM D C

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 MINUTE BREAK

PLEASE TAKE YOUR SEATS

Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal

Navigation)

Chapter 2

Electronic Navigation Tools

Educational Officer – Dave Westdwest@voyager.net - 651-429-3840

Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg

davidmoberg@att.net – 715-386-8582 Instructor – Art Mollica

artmollica@usfamily.net - 651-777-0277

United States Power Squadrons®

Slide 36

Electronic Navigation Tools Add to Your Safety, Confidence, and Comfort

Recreational Boater

• Basic – handheld GPS; depth sounder

• Advanced – radar; chartplotter; autopilot

• Most Advanced – on-board computer; digit charting; wind instrumentation; multi-station repeaters

Slide 37

Radar Independent ‘Eyes’ above the Water

Extremely Capable• Short Range – look for other boats

Collision Avoidance• Medium Range – look for position

Determine Position• Long Range – look for weather • Nighttime and Reduced Visibility

GAIN – too high = cluttered display SEA CLUTTER FILTER – reduces near-in clutter RAIN CLUTTER FILTER – masking due to rain echoes

Slide 38

Typical Radar Screen

DISPLAY

RANGE RING

1.5nm 1 / 4nm

3nm 1 / 2nm

6nm 1nm

12nm 2nm

18nm 3nm

24nm 4nm

36nm 6nm

48nm 8nm

60nm 10nm

72nm 12nm

+

3nmR/R

1 / 2 H – UP

AUTO

M000ºM

EBL 1

VRM 1

000.0º R

00.00 NM

EBL 2

VRM 2

000.0º R

00.00 NM

CURSORBRG 000º

RNG 00.0NM

CURSORBRG 098º

RNG 02.0NM

EBL 1

VRM 1

220.0º R

01.82 NM

Slide 39

Searchlight Principle Any Object Behind Another is Invisible Only Objects Actually Illuminated will Appear

Hidden Objects are in a Radar Shadow

+

Slide 40

Interpreting the Display You Move through the Water but Stay at Center of

Display

Everything Else Moves on the Display

Challenge…

• Separate Real Moving Targets from Fixed Objects

• The Motion of Another Boat Relative to You Does Not Equal Heading of Boat

• Depends upon what happens What You Do (course & speed changes) What Other Boat Does (course & speed changes)

Slide 41

Interpreting the Display

+

3nmR/R

1 / 2 H – UP

AUTO

M016ºM

EBL 1

VRM 1

000.0º R

00.00 NM

EBL 2

VRM 2

000.0º R

00.00 NM

CURSORBRG 000º

RNG 00.0NM

Slide 42

+

3nmR/R

1 / 2 H – UP

AUTO

M016ºM

EBL 1

VRM 1

155.0º R

01.52 NM

EBL 2

VRM 2

000.0º R

00.00 NM

CURSORBRG 000º

RNG 00.0NM

Electronic Bearing Line 1

Slide 43

+

3nmR/R

1 / 2 H – UP

AUTO

M016ºM

EBL 1

VRM 1

155.0º R

01.52 NM

EBL 2

VRM 2

058.2º R

01.53 NM

CURSORBRG 000º

RNG 00.0NM

Electronic Bearing Line 2

Slide 44

Charting the Display

170M R

adar

058M Radar

Slide 45

Vineyard Sound – Where are You

+

3nmR/R

1 / 2 H – UP

AUTO

M278ºM

EBL 1

VRM 1

000.0º R

00.00 NM

EBL 2

VRM 2

000.0º R

00.00 NM

CURSORBRG 000º

RNG 00.0NM

Slide 46

Vineyard Sound – Where are You

Slide 47

Depth Sounder / Sonar Provides a ‘Picture’ of what’s Below

• Digital Depth Sounder Depth to Bottom Below

Transducer

• Fishfinder Plot of Past Depths Below

Transducer

• Sonar Scanning Transducer

– Look Ahead– Vertical & Horizontal Profile

Slide 48

Autopilots Autopilot is not a Substitute for

Lookout

Help Maintain Accurate Course

Reduce Fatigue on Helmsman

Heading Sensor - Fluxgate Compass

Slide 49

Other Electronics Wind

• Provide Direction and Speed

• Compute Apparent and True

Weather• Barometric Pressure

Trends Tell More than Absolutes

• Dew Point

Slide 50

Questions ? … Comments

Slide 51

Read Chapters 1 – 2 – 3 & 4 – Student Guide

Read Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 – Weekend Navigator

Do Chapter 1 & 2 Homework

Next Class – 26 April

Homework