Advanced Placement Human Geography

The Exam

• Graded on a scale of 1-5o 1 = no recommendationo 2 = possibly qualifiedo 3 = qualifiedo 4 = well qualifiedo 5 = extremely well qualified

• College credit - depends on the college/universityo http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/apcreditpolicy/index.jsp

•  The Test:o 60 minute, 75 question Multiple Choiceo 75 minute 3 Free Response Questions

• Friday, May 17th in the morning (nationwide)

The Course - Outline

Unit I - Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives (5-10%)Unit II - Population (13-17%)Unit III - Cultural Patterns and Processes (13-17%)Unit IV - Political Organization of Space (13-17%)Unit V - Agriculture and Rural Land Use (13-17%)Unit VI - Industrialization and Economic Development (13-17%)Unit VII - Cities and Urban Land Use (13-17%)

The Basics

• You will not be asked to label a map BUT you are expected to know where countries are, what their culture is like, what issues they present, etc.

• Practice - Online Map Quiz:

    http://www.funbrain.com/where/

• You will be asked to interpret maps on both MC/FRQ:

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/08/04/sports/olympics/20080804_MEDALCOUNT_MAP.html

FRQ: Parts of a Question

Define: Basic Definition

Identify: Name it!

Describe: Identify + one true statement

Explain: Describe + Tell How and Why

Practice - Where do we stand?1. As an academic discipline, geography is principally concerned with the

(a)  nature and meaning of place names (b)  impact of the environment on human understandings and activities (c)  evolving character and spatial organization of Ear th’s sur face (d)  absolute location of places, peoples, and processes on Earth’s

surface (e)  construction of maps that depict places, peoples, and processes as

accurately as possible

2. Thomas Malthus based his work on population on which of the following premises? (a)  Both food production and population increase arithmetically . (b)  Food production increases arithmetically and population increases

exponentially . (c)  Both food production and population increase exponentially . (d)  Food production increases exponentially and population increases

arithmetically . (e)  Food production increases arithmetically and population remains

stable . 

Practice, cont.3. Of the following, which region contains the smallest percentage of

the world’s population? (a)  The Southern Hemisphere (b)  The Northern Hemisphere (c)  The Eastern Hemisphere (d)  Coastal areas of the world within 160 kilometers (100 miles)

of ocean (e)  Areas of the world lying lower than 150 meters (500 feet)

above sea level

4. In 2005 the United States and Canada had a higher crude death rate than Mexico because they (a)  are larger countries (b)  received more immigrants (c)  had more elderly people (d)  had a higher standard of living (e)  spent more on health care

Practice, cont.

 5. Place names that refer to saints are most common in which of the following North American regions? (a)  Louisiana and New England • (b)  California and British Columbia • (c)  Ontario and Utah • (d)  Nova Scotia and the United States Midwest • (e)  Quebec and the United States Southwest

Unit One

Vocabulary Review: http://quizlet.com/58043/the-cultural-landscape-an-introduction-to-human-geography-chapter-1-key-terms-flash-cards/

Main Ideas• Greek origins - geo = Earth, graphy = to write• 5 themes of geography make each place unique and then tie them

together (in regions)• Romans saw cartography as an art, not a science. Islamic scholars

identified features on Earth's surface, Marco Polo reintroduced discovery of outside world, then sparked colonialism/trade development.

• Three types of regions: formal, functional, vernacular• Three main aspects of distribution: density, concentration,

patterns.

Unit One

Regions:     - Formal    - Functional        * Distance Decay    - Vernacular (Perceptual)

Concentration:    - Clustered    - Dispersed

Vernacular Region

 

Unit One

Distribution:    - Density:        - Arithmetic        - Physiological        - Agricultural Location:     - absolute    - relative

Spatial Interaction: How do places interact?     - Time-Space Compression

*Watch the animated map and identify as many concepts of Human geography as you can

Unit One

Four Aspects of a Geographic Point:    - Site    - Situation    - Place Name (Toponym)    - Mathematical Location

Diffusion:    - Relocation    - Expansion:        - Hierarchical        - Contagious        - Stimulus

Famous (and peculiar?) Toponyms1. Ah! Wilderness CO2. Aloha OR3. Bell Buckle TN4. Black Cat DE5. Blue Eyes AR6. Red Eye VA7. Nameless TN8. No Name CO9. Nothing AZ10.Purgatory CO11.Peculiar MO12.Resume Speed TX13.Total Wreck AZ14.Tranquility CA15.You Bet CA16.Ding Dong TX (located in Bell County)17.96 SC18.What Cheer? IA (the only U. S. town that's questionable)19.Agawam MA 01001 (the lowest zip code in the U. S.)20.Santa Claus, North Pole, Canada HOHOHO (not a town, but a postal location)

Unit One

Globalization versus Local Diversity

More Developed Countries (MDC) Less Developed Countries (LDC)

Unit Two - Population and Migration

Vocabulary Review: http://quizlet.com/68255/the-cultural-landscape-an-introduction-to-human-geography-chapter-2-key-terms-flash-cards/

Main Ideas• Demographic Transition Model is a tool geographers use to

categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. The model analyzes crude birth rates, crude death rates, and total population trends in a society at a given point of time. Once a country moves into the next stage of the model, it cannot go back. 

Unit Two - Population and Migration

• British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term overpopulation in the late 1700s. Malthus suggested that the world's population was growing faster than the rate of food production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur. Malthus was correct in his assumption about world population increase but was incorrect in his assessment of agriculture's inability to produce sufficient food. 

• The world's population is growing exponentially. Most of the growth is occurring in developing countries. More developed countries are either at or near zero population growth. Some Eastern European countries are losing population. 

Unit Two - Population and Migration

• Population Pyramids show the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood. Inverted pyramids indicate a large percentage of elderly persons in the community. A large base indicates a lot of children in the society and could indicate a less developed country. 

• There are three primary push and pull factors: economic, political, and environmental. Each of these reasons has caused millions of people to move.

• Refugees voluntarily leave an area for fear of death or persecution. Forced migrants are forced by the government to move. Forced migrants can suffer the same fate as refugees if they do not obey the government mandate for them to relocate.

Unit Two

Demography:• crude birth rate• crude death rate

Ecumene:• Where can people not live? (5 main areas)

Population Clusters:• Four main concentrations of population

Unit Two

Crude Birth Rate:

Unit Two

Infant Mortality Rate    - what is it?    - what factors contribute?

Total Fertility Rate    - what is it?    - what factors contribute?

Life Expectancy    - what is it?     - what factors contribute?

Unit TwoWealth and Health - the connection.

Unit Two

Thomas Malthus: • population grows exponentially• food production is linear

o therefore: 2 units of food, 2 people 3 units of food, 4 people 4 units of food, 8 people 5 units of food, 16 people

• Predicted overpopulation - starvation, population checks• Why was he wrong?• Neo-Malthusians believe...

Unit Two

Demographic Transition Model:    Stage One - 

    Stage Two -         *S Curve

    Stage Three -     

    Stage Four - 

    Stage Five?

Unit Two

Unit Two

Population Pyramids:• Age/Sex Cohorts• Sex Ratio• Dependency Ratio

Epidemiological Transition

Stage One:

Stage Two:

Stage Three:

Stage Four:

Stage Five:

www.aphuman.weebly.com

Unit Two - Migration

Migration = movement of people• emigration • immigration• net migration

Push/Pull Factors:• Economic• Political• Environmental

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

Unit Two - Migration

Types of Migration• International• Intercontinental• Internal

o Interregionalo Intraregional

Rural to Urban MigrationUrban to Suburban Migration

Cyclic Migration

Ancestry by Immigration

 

Unit Two - MigrationPatterns of Migration:

• Chain Migration• Distance Decay• Core Periphery

Free Response Work

2. In 1798 Thomas Robert Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population in which he argued that population growth will inevitably outpace food production, resulting in widespread famine. 1. Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers

today believe Malthus’ theory can be used to predict future population issues.

2. Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers today believe Malthus’ theory cannot be used to predict future population issues. 

Resources• Links to a lot of

websites: http://www.political-economy.net/human_geography/web-09.htm

• Martin's AP Human Geography site: http://www.martinsaphug.com/o Vocabulary: http://www.martinsaphug.com/learn/vocabulary/o "The Motherload" chapter summaries:       

 http://www.martinsaphug.com/2011/05/quick-exam-review-vocabulary-practice-test-links/

•  Another list of links: http://www.martinsclass.com/aphug/links/student-links/

•  Study Stack: http://www.studystack.com/APHumanGeography•  Quizlet: http://quizlet.com/subject/ap-human-geography/