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AFGHANISTAN-CROSSROAD OF CONQUEST

PRE-ISLAMIC AFGHANISTAN

ACHAEMENID EMPIRE

(6th-4thcentury B.C.)

ALEANDER THE GREAT

(!!" B.C.-!#$ B.C.)

SELE%CID EMPIRE MA%R&AN EMPIRE

(!"' B.C.-#" B.C.) (!" B.C.-#!# B.C.)

GREE BACTRIAN INGD*M

(4TH-#NDcentury B.C.)

%SHAN EMPIRE

('ST-century B.C.-!r+century A.D.)

SASSANIAN EMPIRE HEPTHALITES

(##4-6') (4"-6)

,th--',THCENT%R&

The Sre+ /0 I123 t/ E3erence /0 Durrn5 E35re

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%MMA&AD D&NAST&

(66'-$")

I123 51 1re+ t/ A0hn51tn 5n the e5nn5n /0 , thcentury

A.D. (C.E.)

ABBASID CALIPHATE

($"-'#,)

Th5r5+1 S3n5+1 S7r5+1

(,#'-$!) (,'8-'"") (,6$-'48)

Gh9n:5+1

(8$$-'',6)

Ghur5+1

('"""-'#')

M/n/21

('##"-'!$")

rt +yn1ty /0 Hert

('#4-'!,')

T53ur5+ Per5/+('!$"-'"6)

Muh21; S0:5+1; %9e

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Ah3+ Shh

('$4$-'$$#)

T53ur Shh

('$$#-'$8!)

=3n Shh

('$8!-',"")

DECENTRALIZED PROVINCIAL KINGDOMS

',""-',,"