African Americans and the Progressive Movement

Post Civil War

Slaves were granted full citizenship and rights.

What gave ex-slaves these rights?• 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment

Right to Vote

People did not like A.A. voting Tried to stop them from voting Question: How did they stop A.A. from

voting?• Literacy Tests

• Poll Taxes

• Grandfather Clause

Ku Klux Klan

Believed in white supremacy and anti-immigration

Used terror as a means to intimidate

Ku Klux Klan

Klan came and went over the past 150 yrs.

Every time A.A. began to get rights KKK would come back.• 1st wave – late 1800’s

• 2nd wave – 1920’s

• 3rd wave – 1950’s

Racism

Racism – treating someone differently because of the color of their skin

Restrictions of Freedom

D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation

Jim Crow’s creation

Plessy v. Ferguson – created separate but equal

Segregation – separating the races• Schools, neighborhoods, waiting rooms,

public facilities

Life after Sharecropping

Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute• Believed African Americans needed to gain

skills to offer America William Du Bois and the National Association

for the Advancement of Colored People

• Believed AA needed to be given equal rights

Other Responses

Marcus Garvey • Back to Africa Movement

• Garveyism inspired later

movements

A. Philip Randolph• Fought to end segregation during

and after WWII

• Leader in March on Washington

Bell work - Question

If you were mistreated in the south what might you do?

Great Migration

The “Great Migration”• African Americans flocking to the north to gain

factory jobs

Harlem Renaissance

African American voice in the Arts Jazz – Louis Armstrong Writers focusing on the lives and

struggles of African Americans• Langston Hughes

Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement

What event began the movement?

Change Must Happen NAACP – National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People• Thurgood Marshall - lawyer and leader

Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka, KS• Got rid of separate but equal

• Linda Brown – little girl who had to travel across town to go to school

Emmett Till

Was on vacation in Mississippi Walked into a store Talked to a white lady She took offense

Emmett Till

Lady told her husband (owner of store) Went to kids relatives house Kidnapped Emmett

Emmett Till

Emmett was beat by the men. He then mentioned his white girlfriend in

Chicago Men decided to shoot Emmett

Emmett Till

Men wanted to hide body Tide a 70 lb. cotton gin fan to him and

dumped him into the river.

End Result

Men were found and put on trial Lawyer was able to get men off by

saying that the body was not recognizable.

How do we know it was Emmett? It did not hurt that the men were white.

Watch Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8QXNyCvDP4

Montgomery Bus Boycott - 1955 Rosa Parks – wouldn’t give up her seat to a white

man

• Kicked off bus and arrested Bus Boycott – refuse to use

• Alternative methods of transportation

• Question: what other ways could people get around town if they didn’t have a bus?

Bus Boycott

Martin Luther King Jr. – little known preacher, leader, “non-violence”

381 days later the bus company gave in

Moving Toward Equality Integration – bringing the races together Central High School – Little Rock, AR, 1957

• National Guard Ordered to STOP integration

• Eisenhower ordered integration University of Alabama – 1963

• Gov. George Wallace stood in the doorway to stop Af. American students

Question: why do you think these students wanted to go to these schools so bad?

Opinion

Why do you think that some people chose non-violence in the civil rights movement and others chose violence?

Which do you think is the better choice? Why?

Protests

Sit-ins – protest by sitting down Civil Disobedience – not obeying laws you feel

are unjust Freedom Riders – patrol bus system Question: if you wanted to make real change in a

law, rule or policy, how would you protest it? March on Washington

• MLK – “I have a dream…”

• 250,000 people

Violence Erupts

Riots – protest turned Violent• Watts 1965, Detroit 1967, others

• Police Brutality – violence against citizens by law enforcement officers

Malcolm X – Nation of Islam Stokely Carmichael – “Black Power” Black Panthers – Oakland, CA

• To protect the Af. American Community

Sad Truth

MLK – assassinated outside hotel in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray

Malcolm X – assassinated by one of his followers

More Progress

Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 Civil Rights Act 1968 Activity: Summarize what these laws did

using your textbook. Affirmative Action – making special efforts

to hire and enroll members of groups who have been discriminated against.