Aftermath of WW2Aftermath of WW2

The Start of the Cold War The Start of the Cold War (1945-1960)(1945-1960)

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

What is the Cold War?What is the Cold War? What ideological differences could What ideological differences could

cause the Cold War?cause the Cold War? Should Nazi war criminals be forgiven Should Nazi war criminals be forgiven

if they have a skill to offer?if they have a skill to offer? How do the Truman Doctrine and the How do the Truman Doctrine and the

Marshall Plan change American Marshall Plan change American foreign policy?foreign policy?

It’s September 1945…..It’s September 1945…..

Hitler is dead…. Germany and Japan Hitler is dead…. Germany and Japan have both surrendered.have both surrendered.

The Allies are planning the trial of The Allies are planning the trial of Nazi war leaders….Nazi war leaders….

Who are the major players left in the Who are the major players left in the game of international politics?game of international politics?

See any problems arising?See any problems arising?

PolandPoland

Poland was occupied by the Soviets on Poland was occupied by the Soviets on their way to Germany.their way to Germany.

Stalin insisted on having a Polish Stalin insisted on having a Polish government that was friendly to the Soviet government that was friendly to the Soviet Union.Union.

The Western leaders eventually The Western leaders eventually compromised and allowed the Soviet compromised and allowed the Soviet Union to set up a communist Polish Union to set up a communist Polish government.government.

GermanyGermany

After the war Germany was to be occupied After the war Germany was to be occupied by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.and the United States.

The same four countries would each occupy The same four countries would each occupy a section of Berlin, the capital of Germany, a section of Berlin, the capital of Germany, even though it was in the Soviet sphereeven though it was in the Soviet sphere

The Soviet Union insisted that the Germans The Soviet Union insisted that the Germans have to pay reparations for the damage have to pay reparations for the damage caused in their country.caused in their country.

Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference

Shortly after the fall of Germany Shortly after the fall of Germany Truman met Stalin at Potsdam, a city Truman met Stalin at Potsdam, a city near Berlin.near Berlin.

Truman believed he needed Truman believed he needed Germany to recover to be a trading Germany to recover to be a trading partner with the U.S.; Stalin wanted partner with the U.S.; Stalin wanted to crush Germany with reparations.to crush Germany with reparations.

Potsdam is important because it Potsdam is important because it marks a huge increase in marks a huge increase in Soviet/American tensions.Soviet/American tensions.

Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference

At Potsdam though Stalin and Truman At Potsdam though Stalin and Truman fought over the fate of Eastern Europe.fought over the fate of Eastern Europe.

Truman wanted Stalin to free eastern Truman wanted Stalin to free eastern Europe; but Stalin had troops on the ground.Europe; but Stalin had troops on the ground.

Truman was powerless to stop him.Truman was powerless to stop him. Soon the Russians had set up satellite Soon the Russians had set up satellite

communist states in Poland, Romania, communist states in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany. Germany.

Winston Churchill was quoted as saying “An Winston Churchill was quoted as saying “An Iron Curtain had descended upon Europe”Iron Curtain had descended upon Europe”

Operation PaperclipOperation Paperclip

A secret U.S. program that searched A secret U.S. program that searched through post-war Germany looking through post-war Germany looking for talented scientists.for talented scientists.

These men were rushed back to the These men were rushed back to the U.S., given fake ID’s and put to work U.S., given fake ID’s and put to work for the U.S. government.for the U.S. government.

Operation Paperclip also targeted Operation Paperclip also targeted German weapons exportation to the German weapons exportation to the U.S.U.S.

Operation PaperclipOperation Paperclip

The most famous of these was Werhner von Braun.The most famous of these was Werhner von Braun. He had developed the deadly V-2 rocket.He had developed the deadly V-2 rocket. He was taken to the U.S. where he developed He was taken to the U.S. where he developed

missiles for the United States and eventually missiles for the United States and eventually worked for NASA. worked for NASA.

Von Braun is generally considered the father of the Von Braun is generally considered the father of the American space program.American space program.

Von Braun received the national medal of Science Von Braun received the national medal of Science in 1975.in 1975.

While in Germany Von Braun used slave labor to While in Germany Von Braun used slave labor to build his rockets; several thousand prisoners died build his rockets; several thousand prisoners died whiled working on themwhiled working on them

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

In August 1946 communist guerrillas In August 1946 communist guerrillas tried to take over Greece.tried to take over Greece.

On March 1947 President Truman On March 1947 President Truman went before Congress and asked for went before Congress and asked for $400 million to aid the non-commies.$400 million to aid the non-commies.

His speech became known as the His speech became known as the Truman Doctrine; Truman pledged Truman Doctrine; Truman pledged aid to any country that was fighting aid to any country that was fighting communism.communism.

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

The post war economies of Western The post war economies of Western Europe were in shambles… Europe were in shambles…

Communism was gaining strength in Communism was gaining strength in France and Western Germany.France and Western Germany.

Secretary of State, George Marshall Secretary of State, George Marshall developed a plan that sent billions of developed a plan that sent billions of dollars of supplies, machinery, and food to dollars of supplies, machinery, and food to these countries.these countries.

The Soviets rejected the U.S. offer of aid in The Soviets rejected the U.S. offer of aid in Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

NATONATO

North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Coalition of non-communist nations Coalition of non-communist nations

that would defend each other from that would defend each other from attack.attack.

The Eastern European communist The Eastern European communist nations countered by forming the nations countered by forming the Warsaw Pact.Warsaw Pact.

Both sides stood poised for war.Both sides stood poised for war.

Civil War in ChinaCivil War in China

After the Japanese were removed a Civil After the Japanese were removed a Civil War broke out in China between War broke out in China between communists and capitalists.communists and capitalists.

U.S.= capitalist supportU.S.= capitalist support Soviet= communist supportSoviet= communist support Eventually in 1949 the communists won.Eventually in 1949 the communists won. After the fall the U.S. began rebuilding After the fall the U.S. began rebuilding

Japan as our chief ally in Asia.Japan as our chief ally in Asia. Also in 1949 Truman announced that the Also in 1949 Truman announced that the

Soviet Union had successfully tested a Soviet Union had successfully tested a nuclear bomb.nuclear bomb.

Korean WarKorean War

Open your books to page 663.Open your books to page 663. Take a few minutes to read the Take a few minutes to read the

section on the Korean War.section on the Korean War. We will discuss the causes and We will discuss the causes and

effects of the war in a moment.effects of the war in a moment.