AGE OF AGE OF IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM

AFRICAAFRICA

Warm Up: Age of Warm Up: Age of ImperialismImperialism

1.1. Define Imperialism: Define Imperialism:

2.2. White Man’s Burden: White Man’s Burden:

3.3. Social Darwinism: Social Darwinism:

4.4. Asia was a valuable source of: Asia was a valuable source of:

5.5. Only nation in Southeast Asia to maintain Only nation in Southeast Asia to maintain its independenceits independence

6.6. Why was President McKinley Why was President McKinley assassinated? assassinated?

7.7. Indirect vs Direct Rule: Indirect vs Direct Rule:

8.8. ““Benefits” of colonial rule:Benefits” of colonial rule:

Prior to 1880, Europeans control little Prior to 1880, Europeans control little of Africa directlyof Africa directly– By 1914 only two African nations By 1914 only two African nations

are still independentare still independent– Known as the “Scramble for Africa”Known as the “Scramble for Africa”

Scientific advances helped make Scientific advances helped make controlling Africa easiercontrolling Africa easier– Discovery of the drug quinine which Discovery of the drug quinine which

treated malariatreated malaria– Development of the first automatic Development of the first automatic

machine gun gave Europeans a machine gun gave Europeans a huge military advantagehuge military advantage

West AfricaWest Africa Affected by the slave trade, which was Affected by the slave trade, which was

declared illegal in 1808declared illegal in 1808– Interest in other forms of trade Interest in other forms of trade

increased increased – Encouraged by growing trade, Encouraged by growing trade,

European gov’ts pushed for a more European gov’ts pushed for a more permanent presencepermanent presence

British set up settlements along the Gold British set up settlements along the Gold Coast and in Sierra LeoneCoast and in Sierra Leone– 1874 Britain annexes the west coastal 1874 Britain annexes the west coastal

states as the first British colony of states as the first British colony of Gold CoastGold Coast

– Establishes a protectorate over Establishes a protectorate over warring groups in Nigeriawarring groups in Nigeria

France added the huge area of French France added the huge area of French West AfricaWest Africa– Controls the largest part of West Controls the largest part of West

AfricaAfrica Germany gains control of Togo, Germany gains control of Togo,

Cameroon, and German Southwest Africa Cameroon, and German Southwest Africa (Namibia)(Namibia)

North AfricaNorth Africa Egypt had been a part of the Ottoman Egypt had been a part of the Ottoman

EmpireEmpire– In 1805 Muhammad Ali, an officer in In 1805 Muhammad Ali, an officer in

the Ottoman army, seizes power and the Ottoman army, seizes power and establishes an independent Egyptian establishes an independent Egyptian statestate

Suez Canal – built by a French Suez Canal – built by a French entrepreneur and completed in 1869, it entrepreneur and completed in 1869, it connects the Mediterranean to the Red connects the Mediterranean to the Red SeaSea– Buys Egypt’s share in the Suez CanalBuys Egypt’s share in the Suez Canal

– The British take an active The British take an active interest in Egypt after the Suez interest in Egypt after the Suez Canal opens because it greatly Canal opens because it greatly reduces the time it takes to get reduces the time it takes to get to Indiato India““Lifeline to India” – want Lifeline to India” – want control over canal areacontrol over canal area

– Egypt becomes a British Egypt becomes a British protectorate so that Britain can protectorate so that Britain can protect its interest in the Suez protect its interest in the Suez CanalCanalGain control of the Sudan to Gain control of the Sudan to protect Egyptprotect Egypt

FranceFrance– 1879 after 150,000 French people 1879 after 150,000 French people

settle in Algeria, the gov’t of France settle in Algeria, the gov’t of France claims itclaims it

– 1881 imposes a protectorate over 1881 imposes a protectorate over neighboring Tunisianeighboring Tunisia

– 1912 establishes a protectorate over 1912 establishes a protectorate over MoroccoMorocco

Italy joins in the competition for coloniesItaly joins in the competition for colonies– Attempts to take control of Ethiopia in Attempts to take control of Ethiopia in

18961896– Invades and are defeated and Invades and are defeated and

embarrassed – only European nation embarrassed – only European nation defeated by an African statedefeated by an African state

– 1911 Italy invades and seizes Turkish 1911 Italy invades and seizes Turkish Tripoli and renames it LibyaTripoli and renames it Libya

Pg. 756Pg. 756

Central AfricaCentral Africa David Livingstone arrives in Africa in David Livingstone arrives in Africa in

1841 and explores it for 30 years1841 and explores it for 30 years– Henry Stanley is sent to find him and Henry Stanley is sent to find him and

opens up the Congo to European opens up the Congo to European colonizationcolonization

The Congo divided between Belgium and The Congo divided between Belgium and FranceFrance

The Congo Free State is not ruled by a The Congo Free State is not ruled by a European country, but is instead claimed European country, but is instead claimed by King Leopold II of Belgiumby King Leopold II of Belgium

LivingstoneLivingstone

Leopold IILeopold II

– Leopold creates a personal fortune by Leopold creates a personal fortune by exploiting the Congoexploiting the Congo

– Forces his subjects in the Congo to Forces his subjects in the Congo to extract rubber from the rubber treesextract rubber from the rubber trees

– Millions die due to overwork, disease, Millions die due to overwork, disease, and awful treatmentand awful treatment

The conditions were so bad that there The conditions were so bad that there was an international outcry was an international outcry – The other European powers made the The other European powers made the

Belgium gov’t take control over the Belgium gov’t take control over the Congo in 1908Congo in 1908

Warm Up ImperialismWarm Up Imperialism

1.1. Difference between indirect and Difference between indirect and direct rule:direct rule:

2.2. 1 Positive/1 Negative of indirect rule:1 Positive/1 Negative of indirect rule:3.3. 1 Positive/1 Negative of direct rule:1 Positive/1 Negative of direct rule:4.4. What infrastructures did Imperial What infrastructures did Imperial

nations build?nations build?5.5. Who built the Suez Canal?Who built the Suez Canal?6.6. Who took the Suez Canal?Who took the Suez Canal?7.7. Who explored and mapped Africa for Who explored and mapped Africa for

30 years?30 years?

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=541E70DD-768A-40B0-A5FA-8190AF168D8B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1C56E928-206D-4604-BBE1-B314D1F680DE&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

East AfricaEast Africa By 1875 Britain and Germany are chief By 1875 Britain and Germany are chief

rivals in East Africarivals in East Africa– Britain gets British East Africa and Britain gets British East Africa and

Germany gets German East AfricaGermany gets German East Africa– Portugal claims MozambiquePortugal claims Mozambique

South AfricaSouth Africa Boers, or Afrikaners (descendants of the Boers, or Afrikaners (descendants of the

original Dutch settlers) have occupied original Dutch settlers) have occupied Cape Town and the surrounding areas Cape Town and the surrounding areas since the 1600ssince the 1600s– Britain seizes these lands from the Britain seizes these lands from the

Dutch during the Napoleonic WarsDutch during the Napoleonic Wars– 1830s the Boers flee northward on the 1830s the Boers flee northward on the

Great Trek and form two independent Great Trek and form two independent republicsrepublics Orange Free State and TransvaalOrange Free State and Transvaal Believe in white superiorityBelieve in white superiority

– Boers, and later the British, frequently Boers, and later the British, frequently battle the Zulu peoplebattle the Zulu people

The Zulu, led at first by Shaka, battle The Zulu, led at first by Shaka, battle for 50 years before they are finally for 50 years before they are finally defeated by the Britishdefeated by the British

By 1880s British policy in South Africa is By 1880s British policy in South Africa is set by Cecil Rhodesset by Cecil Rhodes– Gold is discovered on Boer lands, but Gold is discovered on Boer lands, but

they refuse to grant political rights to they refuse to grant political rights to foreigners, including the Britishforeigners, including the British

– Cecil gets rich off diamond and gold Cecil gets rich off diamond and gold companies and gains control of a companies and gains control of a territory north of the Transvaal and territory north of the Transvaal and names it Rhodesianames it Rhodesia

– Starts a war with the Boer gov’tStarts a war with the Boer gov’t The Boer War 1899-1902The Boer War 1899-1902

– The Boers, although greatly The Boers, although greatly outnumbered, use guerrilla outnumbered, use guerrilla warfare and gain the advantagewarfare and gain the advantage

– The British regroup and begin to The British regroup and begin to destroy Boer farms and put destroy Boer farms and put 150,000 Boer women and 150,000 Boer women and children into detention campschildren into detention camps

26,000 die in the camps26,000 die in the camps– The Boers are eventually defeated The Boers are eventually defeated

and their land goes to Britainand their land goes to Britain 1910 Union of South Africa1910 Union of South Africa

– Combines Cape Colony and the Combines Cape Colony and the Boer republics into a self-Boer republics into a self-governing nation within the governing nation within the British EmpireBritish Empire

– Only white people could voteOnly white people could vote– Apartheid = South African Apartheid = South African

government’s official policy of government’s official policy of legalized racial segregationlegalized racial segregation

Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference Europeans competed aggressively Europeans competed aggressively

for territories in Africa and to for territories in Africa and to prevent conflict, European leaders prevent conflict, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference in met at the Berlin Conference in 1884-18851884-1885– Purpose was to divide African Purpose was to divide African

territoryterritory– It was agreed that when a It was agreed that when a

European nation claimed a new European nation claimed a new African territory it had to notify African territory it had to notify other European nations and prove other European nations and prove it could control the territoryit could control the territory

Africans were not invited to the Africans were not invited to the conference and Europeans conference and Europeans ignored traditional ethnic ignored traditional ethnic boundariesboundaries– Current boundaries in Africa Current boundaries in Africa

were made by Europeans at the were made by Europeans at the Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference

– Long-term consequence is tribal Long-term consequence is tribal warfarewarfare

Colonial RuleColonial Rule Divided among Great Britain, France, Divided among Great Britain, France,

Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and SpainSpain

Only two African states remain Only two African states remain independent:independent:– Ethiopia – defeated the ItaliansEthiopia – defeated the Italians– Liberia – homeland created by the U.S. Liberia – homeland created by the U.S.

for freed slavesfor freed slaves Most Europeans rule their new territories Most Europeans rule their new territories

with the least effort and cost possiblewith the least effort and cost possible– Many African subjects assimilate Many African subjects assimilate

European cultureEuropean culture

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=00F11A5E-A4E0-45BE-8209-2962249CF833