Recent findings as regards Recent findings as regards T2 and HTT2 and HT--2 toxin in 2 toxin in cerealscereals

"Agricultural Contaminants – Fusarium Forum“

Brussels, February 9-10, 2009

Institute Institute ofof ChemicalChemical Technology, Technology, PraguePrague, CZ, CZjana.hajslova@vscht.cz

Jana Jana HajslovaHajslova

ML ML forforTT--2 / HT2 / HT--2 2

??

Research Research projectproject TT--2 2 andand HT in HT in foodfoodcropscrops

in collaboration with Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz, CZ

LocalitiesLocalities: :

ŽŽababččiceice, Krom, Kroměřěříížž

BarleyBarley varietiesvarieties::

Amulet, Bojos, Jersey, Malz, Prestige, Sebastian, Tolar, Merlin, KM 1057, KM 1910, KM 2084, KM 2283

Are Are therethere alsoalso trichothecenestrichothecenes A A in in beebeerr ??

Beer is the main Czech foodcommodity... Are Are theretheremaskedmasked myotoxinsmyotoxins in in beerbeer??

……DON is frequently found in commercial beers, originating from malt or from grain adjuncts

FATE OFFATE OF FUSARIUM FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS MYCOTOXINS DURING MALTING PROCESSDURING MALTING PROCESS

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

myc

otox

in ( µ

g/kg

)

BARLEY I. II. III. I. II. GREENMALT

I. II. MALT ROOTS

STEEPING GERMINATION KILNING

DON-3-GluDON ADONsHT-2

DONDON--33--GLU = 460 GLU = 460 µµg/kgg/kgDON = 553 DON = 553 µµg/kgg/kg

ADONsADONs = 571 = 571 µµg/kgg/kgHTHT--2 = 1061 2 = 1061 µµg/kgg/kg

FATE OFFATE OF FUSARIUMFUSARIUM MYCOTOXINSMYCOTOXINSDURING BREWING PROCESS DURING BREWING PROCESS

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

myc

otox

in ( µ

g/l b

eer)

BARLEYMALT

SPENTGRAINS

SWEETWORT

FIRSTWORT

SECONDWORT

WARMWORT

WORTAFTERTRUB

REMOVAL

GREENBEER

BEER

DON-3-Glu

DON

ADONs

HT-2

Type A Type A andand B B trichothecenestrichothecenes inin barleybarley, , harvestharvest 2008, 2008, llocality Kroměříž

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Con

trol

Pros

aro

Swin

gA

mis

tar

Con

trol

Pros

aro

Swin

gA

mis

tar

Con

trol

Pros

aro

Swin

gA

mis

tar

Con

trol

Pros

aro

Swin

gA

mis

tar

DON HT2 T2

prepre--cropcrop influenceinfluencevariety variety influenceinfluencefungicide influencefungicide influence

fungicidefungicide

cereal

maize

cereal

maize

SebastianSebastian PrestigePrestige

C (µ

g/kg

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Žabčice locality

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

amul

et

bojo

s

jers

ey

km10

57

km 191

0

km 208

4

km 228

3

malz

mer

lin

pres

tige

seba

stian

tolar

Kroměříž locality

Fusarium mycotoxins in Fusarium mycotoxins in springspring barleybarley, 2008, 2008

NIVNIVDONDONHTHT--22TT--22

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

050

100150200250300350400450500550600

Amulet

Bojos

Jers

ey

KM 105

7

KM 191

0

KM 208

4

KM 228

3

Malz

Mer

lin

Pres

tige

Seba

stian

Tolar

NIVNIVDONDONHTHT--22TT--22

20082008

20072007

Fusarium Fusarium toxinstoxins in in springspring barleybarley, 2008 , 2008 vsvs 20072007locality Zabcice

HTHT--2 2 contamination in barleycontamination in barley

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Sebastian Sebastian Prestige Prestige

c (µ

g/kg

)

pre-crop influence / variety influence / fungicide influence

maize cereal

TT--2 2 contamination in barleycontamination in barley

pre-crop influence / variety influence / fungicide influence

maize cereal

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Con

trol

Pro

saro

Sw

ing

Am

ista

r

Sebastian Sebastian Prestige Prestige

c (µ

g/kg

)

DON v uměle infikovaném ječmeni

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Sebastian Prestige Sebastian Prestige

kukuřice obilovina

c (µ

g/kg

)

maize cereal

DON DON contaminationcontamination in barleyin barley• pre-crop influence• variety influence• fungicide influence

Con

trol

Con

trol

Con

trol

Con

trol

D3G v uměle infikovaném ječmeni

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Kon

trol

a

Pros

aro

Swin

g

Am

ista

r

Sebastian Prestige Sebastian Prestige

kukuřice obilovina

c (µ

g/kg

)

maize cereal

DONDON--33--GlcGlc contaminationcontamination in barleyin barley• pre-crop influence• variety influence• fungicide influence

Con

trol

Con

trol

Con

trol

Con

trol

HT

HT- -2 toxin in

2 toxin in oatoat(2008)

(2008)

HT-2 toxin

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

řepkaobilovina

kukuřice

c (µg/kg)

rapecereals

maize

pre-cropinfluence

severalvarieties

T-2 toxin

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

řepkaobilovina

kukuřice

c (µg/kg)

rapecereals

maize

pre-cropinfluence

severalvarieties

T T- -2 toxin in 2 toxin in oat

oat(2008)(2008)

DON

0 20 40 60 80

100

120

140

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

VeliAbel

AvenudaAtegoPogonSaulSaloIzak

NeklanFlamingsprofi

řepkaobilovina

kukuřice

c (µg/kg)

rapecereals

maize

DO

N in

DO

N in oat

oat(2008)(2008)

pre-cropinfluence

severalvarieties

Analytical methods for determination of HTAnalytical methods for determination of HT--2 and T2 and T--2 2 toxins in cerealstoxins in cereals: : cleanclean--up of samplesup of samples

SPE columns IA columns

MycoSep

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MycoSep MycoSep +isotope

IA Vicam IA R-Biopharm

MycoSep MycoSep +isotope

IA Vicam IA R-Biopharm

HT-2 T-2

%

HT-2 T-2

Barley was artificially spiked on level 100 ng/g by both toxins

Recovery for various cleanRecovery for various clean--up steps of barley samplesup steps of barley samples

What is the correlation of T-2 and HT-2 toxin levelswith the presence of other Fusarium-toxins, mainlyDON?

What are the sources of / causes for observedvariation in occurrence of T-2 and HT-2?

What is the fate of -2 and HT-2 toxins duringcereals processing ?

Proposals for mittigation strategies?

What is the quality of data generated on T-2 and HT-2 levels?

QUESTIONS TO BE INVESTIGATED / ANSWEREDQUESTIONS TO BE INVESTIGATED / ANSWERED