AGROEKOLOGI: PRINSIP & PRAKTIKAL Smno.psdl.ppsub.2013 Mk. Agroekologi

AGROEKOLOGI:

PRINSIP &

PRAKTIKAL

Smno.psdl.ppsub.2013

Mk. Agroekologi

What is Sustainable Agriculture?

“…a journey, not a destination”

No one has figured out the perfect way to farm, and probably no one ever will.

So sustainable agriculture involves a continuing search for better ways to produce, process, and distribute food and fiber.

Sustainable farmers are always asking what could be improved.

Sustainable Agriculture

• “…an integrated system of plant and animal production practices…that will:

1. Memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan pangan dan serat

2. Memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan3. Menggunakan sumberdaya non-renewable secara

se-efisien mungkin4. Layak secara ekonomi 5. Memperbaiki kualitas hidup manusia.”

Krish Jayachandran-2008. Department of Environmental Studies - Florida International University

PERTANIAN BERLANJUT

A whole-systems approach to food, feed, and fiber production that balances environmental

soundness, social equity, and economic viability among all sectors of the public, including

international and intergenerational peoples.

Keberlanjutan harus diperluas tidak hanya secara global tetapi JUGA tanpa batas waktu, dan untuk

semua organisme hidup termasuk manusia.


TIGA PILAR UTAMA KEBERLANJUTAN


RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

Menjaga KELESTARIAN Kualitas tanah, air, dan

udara


Bekerjasama dengan alam &

Memodel sistem alami


RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

BERLANJUT SECARA EKONOMI

1. Provides a secure living for farm families

2. Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system

3. Provides access to good food for all


1. Good for families2. Supports communities3. Fair to all involved


BERLANJUT SECARA SOSIAL

Successful Sustainable Agroecosystems

1. Maintain their natural resource base2. Rely on minimum artificial inputs from

outside the farm system3. Manage pests and diseases through internal

regulating mechanisms4. Recover from the disturbances caused by

cultivation and harvest


Agroecology ?

1. The application of ecological science to the design and management of sustainable agroecosystems

2. A holistic approach to agriculture and agriculture development based on traditional, alternative, and local small-scale agriculture

3. Linking ecology, socioeconomics and culture to sustain agricultural production, farming communities, and environmental health


Principles to Agriculturei.e. “Agro-Ecology”


Definisi Ekologi[Ecology is a science, not an ideology]

1. Ernst Haeckel (1866) “The comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment”

2. Elton (1927) “Ecology is scientific natural history” [too quaint – not used any more]

3. Andrewartha and Birch (1954) “the study of the distribution and abundance or organisms.

4. Odum (1971) …”the study of the interactions between/among organisms and the transformation and flux of energy and matter.”

…”the study of the structure and function of nature”Krish Jayachandran-2008. Department of Environmental Studies - Florida International University

Prinsip-prinsip Agroekologi

1. Menggunakan sumberdaya terbarukan2. Meminimumkan senyawa toksik3. Conserve resources4. Manage ecological relationships5. Adjust to local environments6. Diversification7. Empower people8. Manage whole systems9. Memaksimumkan manfaat jangka panjang10. Nilai-nilai Kesehatan


Menggunakan sumberdaya yang terbarukan

1. Renewable resources of energy instead of non-renewable sources

2. Biological nitrogen fixation3. Naturally occurring materials instead of

synthetics xenobiotic inputs4. Sumberdaya On-farm5. Daur ulang sisa-sisa panen di lahan –

hara tanamanKrish Jayachandran-2008. Department of Environmental Studies - Florida International University

Meminimumkan senyawa toksik

1. Mengurangi atau menghentikan penggunaan xenobiotics – pestisida

2. Menerapkan praktek budidaya pertanian yang minim pencemaran lingkungan

3. Use naturally occurring compounds that degrade into non-toxic compounds


Konservasi Sumberdaya

1. Conserve soil- Sustain soil nutrients and organic matter, Minimize soil erosion – perennials, no-tillage, mulch

2. Konservasi air - Dry farm, Use efficient irrigation systems

3. Konservasi Energi – Teknologi efisien energi4. Conserve genetic resources – Seed, local

varieties5. Menghemat modal - Mengurangi pengeluaran


Mengelola Hubungan EKologis

1. Manage pests, diseases, and weeds2. Intercropping & cover cropping3. Mengintegrasikan ternak4. Meningkatkan biota tanah yang

menguntungkan– Mycorrhizae– Rhizobia– Free-living nitrogen fixers– Plant growth promoting bacteria


Menyesuaikan dengan Lingkungan Lokal

1. Match cropping patterns to the landscape

2. Adaptasi tanaman dan ternak dengan kondisi ekologis usahatani


Diversifikasi

1. Landscape – maintain undisturbed areas as buffer zones, use contour and strip tillage, maintain riparian buffer zones, use rotational grazing

2. Biota – intercrop, rotate crop, use polyculture, integrate animals in system, use multiple species of crops and animals in the farm, use multiple varieties and landraces of crops and animals on farm

3. Ekonomi – pertanian produk organik, pertanian berbasis masyarakat


Memberdayakan Manusia

1. Ensure that local people control their development process

2. Memanfaatkan kearifan Lokal3. Promote multi-directional transfer of

knowledge, as opposed to top-down knowledge transfer

4. Engage in people-centric development5. Memperkuat komunitas6. Jaminan tenaga kerja pertanian


Mengelola keseluruhan sistem

• Menggunakan proses perencanaan yang melibatkan beragam skala agroekosistem:– Landscapes– Households– Farms– Komunitas - Masyarakat– Bioregions– Nasional


Memaksimumkan manfaat jangka panjang

1. Maximize intergenerational benefits – long term

2. Maximize livelihoods and quality of life in rural areas

3. Facilitate generational transfers4. Menggunakan strategi jangka panjang5. Memasukkan keberlanjutan jangka panjang6. Membangun kesuburan tanah7. Nilai tambah produk pertanian


Nilai-nilai Kesehatan

1. Kesehatan Manusia2. Cultural health3. Environmental health4. Animal health5. Kesehatan Tanaman


Goals: akhir yang diinginkanPractices: Aktivitas untuk mencapai sasaran


Bgm mencapai Sasaran?

1. Mencari tahu di mana Posisi Anda berada2. Analyze your strengths and weaknesses3. Select strategies (practices)4. Keep monitoring your progress 5. Re-evaluasi Sasaran dan Rencana


Where are we?

Apa saja……..Strengths

&Weaknesses ….

sistem pertanian kita sekarang ini?


Keberhasilan1. abundant food supply in the developed world2. fresh fruits and vegetables available year-round3. Pangan murah4. luxury foods such as coffee, tea, chocolate, and

spices easily available around the world5. effective food preservation technologies

(refrigeration, freezing, canning, packaging)6. Pangan mudah diperoleh7. Mekanisasi menghasilkan efisiensi tenagakerja8. Perbaikan konservasi tanah dna air9. availability of agricultural inputs for quick solutions

to production problems


Problematika1. Kehilangan tanah terus berlangsung

2. food safety concerns (mad cow disease, food poisoning outbreaks, antibiotic resistance, toxins and pesticides)

3. water pollution, air pollution (& odors), habitat loss, water depletion

4. continuing hunger – and rise of obesity5. failing farms, economic uncertainty and stress6. declining communities7. farm accidents, chronic diseases linked to agricultural

chemicals8. Ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil, pemanasan global9. Konversi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun10. Kesulitan mmeulai usahatani.


Elemen-elemen Keberlanjutan

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1 Integrated pest management

2 Management intensive grazing3 Soil conservation4 Water quality5 Cover crops

6 Crop/landscape diversity 7 Nutrient management8 Agroforestry9 Marketing


Building Soils for Better Crops 2nd Edition


Manage Insects on Your Farm A Guide to Ecological Strategies


Dimana musuh alami bagi hama padi?

KESIMPULAN

1. Pertanian telah mencapai banyak Hal

2. Namun masih banyak maslaah yang harus diselesaikan

3. Agroecology and sustainable agriculture is about trying to solve these problems – without creating new ones.

Documents

AGROEKOLOGI: PRINSIP & PRAKTIKAL Smno.psdl.ppsub.2013 Mk. Agroekologi