AHSGE Review

A word that replaces a nounA pronoun should have one

antecedentAn antecedent the noun that is

replaced later in the sentence by the pronoun

1. Ricardo and she are taking the advanced placement test.

2. The person at the door was he.3. His playing is getting better. 4. That canoe is theirs.5. The representatives, Sherlyn and

he, attended the meeting. 6. She loves to eat cupcakes.

Make sure that the antecedent is clear and that a pronoun cannot possibly refer to more than one antecedent.

Do not use pronouns this, that, which, or it without a clearly stated antecedent.

At most zoos, they feed the animals tons of fresh vegetables.

At zoos, the zookeepers feed the animals tons of fresh vegetables.

Which sentence is clearer?

The trash can was full, and we didn’t have anywhere to put it.

What is it – the trash or the trash can?

Instead: The trash can was full, and we didn’t have anywhere to put the trash.

After the planes unloaded the passengers, they left the terminal.

(Workbook page 193)

An antecedent is the word or group of words to which a pronoun refers or that a pronoun replaces.

If a compound subject is joined by and, a plural pronoun is used. Sarah and Beth will bring their books to

class tomorrow. If a subject is joined by or/nor, the

pronoun should agree with the part of the subject closest to it. Either Samantha or the boys will bring

their materials.

Gender - Male, female, or neuter Person - 1st, 2nd, and 3rd – Be Consistent

When a person comes to class, you should have your

homework ready.

OR

When a person comes to class, he or she should have

his or her homework ready

Pronouns must agree in Number (Singular or Plural) Use a singular personal pronoun for the following

antecedents: anybody, anyone, each, either, everyone, everybody, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something

Use a plural personal pronoun for the following antecedents: several, both, few, many

Singular or plural depending on the sentence: all, any, enough, more, most, none, plenty, some

An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or explains the noun or pronoun that it follows. We teachers feel that an honor code is

necessary. The committee leaders, Debra and she,

made the arrangements.

A comparison can be made using than or as.

When words are omitted from the end of a clause, the clause is elliptical. I like to read more than he. I like to read more than he likes to read.

Reflexive and Intensive pronouns end in –self or –selves. I myself painted the landscape. I saw myself in the reflection of the

mirror.

(Workbook Page 187, 189, 191)

Case is the form a pronoun takes depending on its function in the sentence.

There are three cases of pronouns: Subjective: subject or subjective

complement Objective: direct object, indirect object,

or object of the preposition Possessive: shows possession

I WeYouHeShe ItTheywho

MeUsYouHimHer ItThemWhom

MyMineOurOursYourYoursTheirTheirswhose

When you must choose the correct pronoun case in a compound subject, first try each part of the compound subject alone in the sentence, and then choose the correct case for the sentence.

Alfredo and (I, me) drew a cartoon.Me drew a cartoon. I drew a cartoon. (correct)

John sent flowers to his mother and I for our birthdays.

John sent flowers to I??? Instead: John sent flowers to his

mother and me for our birthdays.

Abby and I are the same height; although, I always thought I was much taller than her.

I always thought I was much taller than her is???

Instead: Abby and I are the same height; although, I always thought I was much taller than she.

The hero in the movie is him.Him is the hero in the movie??? Instead: The hero in the movie is he.

Shawn gave who flowers? Instead: Shawn gave whom flowers?

A nominative pronoun used as a predicate nominative is called a predicate pronoun. It immediately follows a linking verb and identifies the subject of the sentence.

It was he who became first Spaniard to travel the length of the Amazon River.

Use the objective form of a personal pronoun when the pronoun functions as a direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition. Also use it when the pronoun is part of a compound subject.

Direct Object Orellana joined them east of Quito, Ecuador.

Indirect Object Pizarro gave him specific instructions.

Object of the Preposition Surviving the journey became difficult for

them. Part of compound subject

The river posed dangers for Orellana and them.

The direct object is a word or group or words that names the receiver of the action or an action verb. It answers the question what or whom.

My dog has a short tail. (My dog has what?)

An indirect object is a word or group of words that tells to what, to whom, or for whom and action is done. The indirect object almost always comes before the direct object in sentences that have both.

My dog brought me a stick. (To whom did the dog bring the stick?)

The case of the pronoun who is determined by the pronoun’s function in a sentence.

Nominative Who, whoever

Objective▪Whom, Whomever

Possessive Whose, whosever

Who and Whom can be used to ask questions and to introduce subordinate clauses.

In a question, the nominative pronoun who is used as a subject or as a subjective complement

EX Who discovered plutonium? .(subject)

EX. The scientist was who? (subjective complement)

In a question, the objective case pronoun whom is used as a direct object, an indirect object, or the object of a preposition.

EX. Whom did Marie Curie marry? (DI)

EX. With whom did she work? (OP)EX. Samuel bought whom flowers?

(IO)

When deciding whether to use who or whom in a subordinate clause, consider only how the pronoun functions within the clause. Use who when the pronoun is the subject of the clause.

EX. He’s the climber who planted the flag. Subj. Subordinate clause

Use whom when the pronoun is an object in the subordinate clause.

EX. The climber whom we all know planted the flag. DI subordinate clause