AimAim: What were : What were the causes of the causes of

WW2?WW2?For those of you using For those of you using

America IsAmerica Is, this is a , this is a combination of Chapter 25 combination of Chapter 25

Sections 2 and 3.Sections 2 and 3.

ObjectivesObjectives Student should be able to describe Student should be able to describe

the dictatorships that arose in the the dictatorships that arose in the 1920s and 1930s in Europe and Asia.1920s and 1930s in Europe and Asia.

Student should be able to list the Student should be able to list the causes of World War II.causes of World War II.

2. The Rise of 2. The Rise of DictatorshipsDictatorships

In Europe and Asia, the 1920s and 1930s In Europe and Asia, the 1920s and 1930s brought the rise of dictatorships-forms of brought the rise of dictatorships-forms of government in which one person (a dictator) government in which one person (a dictator) or a small group of people hold all the power.or a small group of people hold all the power.

WW1 had ruined the economies of many WW1 had ruined the economies of many countries and the people who lived in these countries and the people who lived in these nations blamed the government for their nations blamed the government for their problems.problems.

In Italy, Germany and Japan, the people In Italy, Germany and Japan, the people supported new national leaders who supported new national leaders who promised to restore order.promised to restore order.

Map of GermanyMap of Germany

Germany was one of the nations thatwas devastated by World War I.

Due to the problems caused by the endof WW1, Germany was one of the nations that had a dictatorship.

Map of ItalyMap of Italy

Italy was also another nation who was destroyed by the events of WW1.They, too, were another nation that had a dictator in the 1930s.

Map of JapanMap of Japan

The events that followed World War I also had an impact on the life ofJapan.By the 1930s, Japan was another nation whose government was led bya dictator.

Question 1Question 1 In what nations did dictatorships In what nations did dictatorships

arise in the 1920s and 1930s?arise in the 1920s and 1930s?

2.1 Italy2.1 Italy After WW1, Italy went into a After WW1, Italy went into a

depression.depression. In addition, many Italians felt that their In addition, many Italians felt that their

nation had not been rewarded properly nation had not been rewarded properly for what it had done in the war.for what it had done in the war.

In the 1920s, Benito Mussolini and his In the 1920s, Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party promised to restore the Fascist Party promised to restore the Italian economy and make Italy into a Italian economy and make Italy into a world power.world power.

This led many Italians to support the policies of This led many Italians to support the policies of Mussolini and the Fascist Party.Mussolini and the Fascist Party.

Known as Il Duce (the chief), Mussolini had Known as Il Duce (the chief), Mussolini had taken over the Italian government by 1922.taken over the Italian government by 1922.

He wanted Italy to have the power and glory it He wanted Italy to have the power and glory it had had as the center of the Roman Empire.had had as the center of the Roman Empire.

Mussolini set out to build an Italian empire in Mussolini set out to build an Italian empire in the Mediterranean and in Africa.the Mediterranean and in Africa.

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

By the 1940s, Mussolini had restoredItaly back to its greatness of the past when theyInvaded Ethiopia and Libya before WW2.

Question 2Question 2 Who became leader of Italy in the Who became leader of Italy in the

years after WW2?years after WW2?

Question 3Question 3 What was the goal of Mussolini?What was the goal of Mussolini?

2.2 Germany2.2 Germany In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist

German Workers party, gained control of the German Workers party, gained control of the German government.German government.

Soon after, Hitler became chancellor (prime Soon after, Hitler became chancellor (prime minister) of Germany.minister) of Germany.

Hitler was able to take advantage of the country’s Hitler was able to take advantage of the country’s economic problem and the feelings about the economic problem and the feelings about the Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles.

Hitler promised to make Germany strong again Hitler promised to make Germany strong again and rebuild the nation into a great military power.and rebuild the nation into a great military power.

He promised to take back the land that Germany He promised to take back the land that Germany had lost during World War 1.had lost during World War 1.

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Using WW1 to gain support, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party were able to winelections in Germany during the late 1920s and early 1930s.

By 1939, Germany was able to restore itself to the powerful nation it was inthe years leading up to World War I.

Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews. Hitler told the Germany people that Jews. Hitler told the Germany people that the Jews controlled the banks and caused the Jews controlled the banks and caused the Depression.the Depression.

Under Hitler, laws were passed that took Under Hitler, laws were passed that took away the legal rights of German Jews. Many away the legal rights of German Jews. Many of them had to wear yellow stars on their of them had to wear yellow stars on their clothing so everyone knew they were Jews.clothing so everyone knew they were Jews.

Jews were forced to live ghettos (sections of Jews were forced to live ghettos (sections of a city where minorities were forced to live).a city where minorities were forced to live).

In time, the Nazis began to round up In time, the Nazis began to round up the Jews and send them to prison the Jews and send them to prison camps called concentration camps.camps called concentration camps.

Besides the Jewish people, others who Besides the Jewish people, others who opposed the Nazis, helped the Jews or opposed the Nazis, helped the Jews or were considered inferior were sent to were considered inferior were sent to the camps.the camps.

Not until the end of WW2 did people Not until the end of WW2 did people realize what was going on in these realize what was going on in these camps.camps.

Question 4Question 4 Who did Hitler blame for the Who did Hitler blame for the

problems of Germany? What did he problems of Germany? What did he do to them?do to them?

German Concentration German Concentration CampsCamps

Images of the Warsaw Images of the Warsaw GhettoGhetto

The largest group of Jews were inWarsaw, Poland. These are imagesof Jews being rounded up anddeported off to concentration camps.

KrystalnachtKrystalnacht

Krystalnacht (the Night of Broken Glass) was the nightthat Germans imposed on their Jewish people.Jewish people, homes and businesses were bothered,harassed, killed and beaten for being Jewish.Soon after, Jews were rounded up and brought to concentration camps in Germany, Austria, and Poland.

German Imperialism German Imperialism Under HitlerUnder Hitler

Under Adolf Hitler, the nation ofGermany rebuilt their military.

Since the US was not in theLeague of Nations, the Germanswere able to increase the sizeof their empire.

By 1939, the Germans had prettymuch controlled all of Eastern,Southern and Northern Europe.

2.3 Japan2.3 Japan Japan was also on their way to becoming a Japan was also on their way to becoming a

military dictatorship.military dictatorship. The emperor of Japan, Hirohito, had little The emperor of Japan, Hirohito, had little

power in stopping this new government.power in stopping this new government. Peasants refused to respect politicians, Peasants refused to respect politicians,

instead, they respected the rule of new instead, they respected the rule of new military leaders.military leaders.

Trade and industry were growing and Japan Trade and industry were growing and Japan wanted more sources of raw materials.wanted more sources of raw materials.

Since Japan wanted raw materials, they too, Since Japan wanted raw materials, they too, expanded like Italy and Germany.expanded like Italy and Germany.

Question 5Question 5 Who controlled the government in Who controlled the government in

Japan?Japan?

Map of Japanese Map of Japanese ImperialismImperialism

Japan, like Italy andGermany, began to expandtheir empire in the yearsfollowing World War 1.

This is a map of JapaneseImperialism between 1870-1941.

The Japanese wanted newmaterials and markets fortrade.

With the growth of Japan, Italy and With the growth of Japan, Italy and Germany, the world began to drift Germany, the world began to drift towards the sequel of World War towards the sequel of World War 1….World War 2.1….World War 2.

This is where Chapter 25 Section 3 This is where Chapter 25 Section 3 begins….begins….

3. The Beginnings of a 3. The Beginnings of a World WarWorld War

As Japan, Italy and Germany went ahead As Japan, Italy and Germany went ahead with their plans to take over more territory with their plans to take over more territory in Europe and Asia, the world began to see in Europe and Asia, the world began to see the causes fall into place for WW2.the causes fall into place for WW2.

In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, then in In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, then in 1937, Japan invaded China, taking over 1937, Japan invaded China, taking over large areas of land and many major large areas of land and many major Chinese cities.Chinese cities.

Italy invaded Ethiopia (1935) and Albania Italy invaded Ethiopia (1935) and Albania (1939).(1939).

Map of EthiopiaMap of Ethiopia

Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1939 to help startWorld War 2.

Map of AlbaniaMap of Albania

3.1 Hitler on the March3.1 Hitler on the March In 1936, Adolf Hitler moved into the In 1936, Adolf Hitler moved into the

Rhineland, an area between France and Rhineland, an area between France and Germany. This was the first indication Germany. This was the first indication that Hitler was violating the Treaty of that Hitler was violating the Treaty of Versailles.Versailles.

In 1938, the German military occupied In 1938, the German military occupied Austria, which then became part of Austria, which then became part of Germany. Hitler wanted all German-Germany. Hitler wanted all German-speaking people to be part of one nation.speaking people to be part of one nation.

That same year, Hitler then asked That same year, Hitler then asked that the Sudetenland, a part of that the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia that spoke German, Czechoslovakia that spoke German, to be part of Germany.to be part of Germany.

Maps of German Maps of German ImperialismImperialism

The Rhineland (1936) Austria (1938)

Sudentenland (1938)

The Triumph of German The Triumph of German AggressionAggression

Between 1936 and 1939, the German Army conquered most of Europe includingCzechoslovakia, Austria and Poland.

Neville Chamberlain, the British prime Neville Chamberlain, the British prime minister, asked Hitler to meet with him, minister, asked Hitler to meet with him, Mussolini and the French premier, Edouard Mussolini and the French premier, Edouard Daladier to talk about the Sudetenland.Daladier to talk about the Sudetenland.

The meeting took place in Munich in The meeting took place in Munich in September 1938.September 1938.

From this meeting came the Munich Pact. From this meeting came the Munich Pact. This agreement allowed for Germany to This agreement allowed for Germany to receive the Sudetenland while Hitler gave receive the Sudetenland while Hitler gave France and England his word that he would France and England his word that he would not want to take any more land in Europe.not want to take any more land in Europe.

Many people saw this agreement as Many people saw this agreement as appeasement (the act of giving in to an appeasement (the act of giving in to an aggressor in order to keep peace).aggressor in order to keep peace).

The pact showed Hitler that both England The pact showed Hitler that both England and France were weak. and France were weak.

As a result, Hitler also believed that As a result, Hitler also believed that England and France could not stop him England and France could not stop him from taking what he wanted.from taking what he wanted.

In less than six months, all of In less than six months, all of Czechoslovakia was conquered by Czechoslovakia was conquered by Germany.Germany.

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference

In 1938, Hitler met with the leaders of England and Germany. Hitler promisedthat he would not take any more land if he was to receive the Sudetenland.England and France appeased Hitler and allowed him to take the area and soon after he conquered all of Czechoslovakia.

Question 6Question 6 Who took part in the Munich Who took part in the Munich

Conference? What agreement was Conference? What agreement was reached?reached?

3.2 Blitzkrieg3.2 Blitzkrieg On September 1, 1939, the Germans On September 1, 1939, the Germans

launched a blitzkrieg, a lightning war, launched a blitzkrieg, a lightning war, against Poland.against Poland.

Before the blitzkrieg, the Germans made an Before the blitzkrieg, the Germans made an agreement with the Soviet Union in which agreement with the Soviet Union in which both nations stated they would not attack both nations stated they would not attack each other.each other.

By doing this, Poland was opened for attack By doing this, Poland was opened for attack by tanks and airplanes. Poland was by tanks and airplanes. Poland was conquered in less than two weeks.conquered in less than two weeks.

Due to their stupidity, the invasion of Poland Due to their stupidity, the invasion of Poland led England and France to declare war on led England and France to declare war on Germany.Germany.

Question 7Question 7 What was the immediate cause of What was the immediate cause of

WW2?WW2?

The Treaty Between USSR The Treaty Between USSR and Germany (1939)and Germany (1939)

The treaty signed between the Germans and the Soviet Unionoccurred in 1939.

The treaty allowed for the Germansand the Soviet Union to be non-aggressive towards each other,meaning, the two nations vowed notto attack each other.

Hitler would break the pact and attack theSoviet Union in 1941.

The Invasion of PolandThe Invasion of Poland

The start of WW2 was caused byGermany’s invasion of Poland inSeptember 1939.

Images of the BlitzkriegImages of the Blitzkrieg

3.3 The Battle of France3.3 The Battle of France After months of quiet, Germany began After months of quiet, Germany began

to invade more parts of Europe.to invade more parts of Europe. In 1940, Germany began to move its In 1940, Germany began to move its

armies towards western Europe.armies towards western Europe. In April, Denmark and Norway were In April, Denmark and Norway were

conquered by the German army. In conquered by the German army. In May, Germany invaded and May, Germany invaded and conquered Belgium and Holland.conquered Belgium and Holland.

While the Germans were invading Europe, While the Germans were invading Europe, the French planned to stop the German the French planned to stop the German attack. However, they planned to stop attack. However, they planned to stop Germany from the Maginot Line, a line of Germany from the Maginot Line, a line of forts spread along the border of eastern forts spread along the border of eastern France.France.

Germany attacked France from the north Germany attacked France from the north and that led to the French army and that led to the French army surrendering in June.surrendering in June.

The only nation that was left was England.The only nation that was left was England.

German Imperialism German Imperialism 19401940

The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France

By 1940, the German army had controlled all the nations of Europe exceptfor Great Britain. In 1940, the British were able to escape at the Battle ofDunkirk.

Hitler In ParisHitler In Paris

France fell to the German military in1940.The French government was replacedby a Pro-German government called the Vichy Government.

Question 8Question 8 What countries did Germany What countries did Germany

conquer in 1940?conquer in 1940?

3.4 The Battle of Britain3.4 The Battle of Britain In August 1940, the Battle of Britain began.In August 1940, the Battle of Britain began. After the fall of France, only what was left After the fall of France, only what was left

of the British army from Dunkirk stood of the British army from Dunkirk stood between Germany and complete victory.between Germany and complete victory.

Hitler moved ahead and invaded England Hitler moved ahead and invaded England using his air force. However, the British air using his air force. However, the British air force, the RAF, was able to hold off the force, the RAF, was able to hold off the Germans.Germans.

This stopped the idea of Hitler launching a This stopped the idea of Hitler launching a full-scale invasion of England.full-scale invasion of England.

Battle of Britain MapBattle of Britain Map

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain

Question 9Question 9 What was Hitler’s first major defeat?What was Hitler’s first major defeat?