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B A R K H A S R A G C H A A B A L D O R J C E N T R A L L A B O R A T O R Y O F E N V I R O N M E N T A N D
M E T R O L O G Y G O V E R N M E N T A L I M P L E M E N T I N G A G E N C Y F O R
M E T E O R O L O G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L M O N I T O R I N G
M N E G D T O F M O N G O L I A
1 4 T H W O R K S H O P O F A P M P / T C Q M G A S A N A L Y S I S W O R K I N G G R O U P
B A Y N G O L H O T E L , U L A A N B A A T A R 2 7 J U L Y 2 0 1 6
Air quality monitoring in Mongolia
Outline
Introduction
Ambient air quality monitoring objectives
Timeline for ambient air quality monitoring network
National ambient air quality standard
Ambient air quality monitoring network
Air pollution in Ulaanbaatar
Challenges
Introduction
Ulaanbaatar is located at ~1300 meters above sea level, is
the coldest national capital in the world, with an average
annual temperature of -1.3°C (29.7°F).
Given the long winters, the coal combustion for heating and
cooking is prevalent and a leading cause of air pollution -
outdoor and indoor. In a recent report by WHO,
Ulaanbaatar is ranked in the top 10 cities with world’s
worst air quality.
By today, 40 air quality monitoring station have been used
to observe an air pollution within Mongolia.
Ambient air quality monitoring objectives
To study the air quality status and the long term trend
To study the extend of the air pollution
To ensure compliance with the national legislation (i.e. National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS))
To support air quality management planning and policy and air pollution control measures
To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control program and mitigation measures for better control strategies
To provide data and information for air quality modeling and health risk assessment
Timeline for ambient air quality monitoring network
Year Activities
1976 The first air quality monitoring system was established in UB. This system was including 4 stations which were equipped by gas sampling pumps
1978 National ambient air quality standards were promulgated (subsequently revised in 1998, 2007, 2016)
1998 2 EANET monitoring sites were established in Mongolia
2010 The first on-line air quality monitoring system consisted 6 stations was established in UB (by France government loan).
2009 GTZ have donated 4 used automatic air quality monitoring stations to UB city government (Analyzers had renewed in 2013)
2015 Air quality monitoring reference analyzers (JICA project)
2015 One new automatic air quality monitoring station established in UB (JICA project)
National ambient air quality standard
Pollutants Unit
Standard MNS4585:2007
10 minutes
average
20 minutes
average
30 minutes
average
8 hours
average
Daily
average Annually
Sulphur dioxide ( SO2)*
μg/m3 500 450 - - 20 10
Cabon monoxide (CO)* mg/m
3
- - 60 30
- 10
Nitrogen oxide (NO2)*
μg/m3
- 85
- - 40 35
Ozone (O3)*
μg/m3
- - - 100
- -
TSP* μg/m
3
- - 500
- 150 100
PM10* μg/m
3
- - - - 100 50
PM 2.5* μg/m
3
- - - - 50 25
Pb* μg/m
3
- - - - 1 0.5
Benz(a)perin (C20H12)* μg/m
3
- - - - 0.001
-
Note: *it is used by indoor air quality standard
Air quality monitoring network in Mongolia
Totally 40 air quality monitoring stations are under operation.
Central laboratory of environment and metrology
10 stations in UB
Automatic continues monitoring station-6
Manual sampling/wet chemical/-4
24 stations in local level
Air quality department of the capital city
Automatic continues monitoring station-5
Mobile station-1
Air quality automatic monitoring station
Analyzers
Calibration system
Data acquisition
and supervision
system
Ambient air quality monitoring system in UB Stations SO2 NO-Nox-
NO2 CO O3 PM10 PM2.5 HC
CLEM-UB01 AF22M AC32M CO12M O342 MP101M - HC51M
CLEM-UB02 AF22M AC32M CO12M - MP101M MP101M HC51M
CLEM-UB04 AF22M AC32M CO12M O342 MP101M MP101M -
CLEM-UB05 AF22M AC32M CO12M O342 MP101M - -
CLEM-UB07 AF22M AC32M CO12M - MP101M - -
CLEM-UB08 AF22M AC32M CO12M O342 MP101M - -
AQDCC01 APSA-370 APNA-370 APMA-370 APOA-370 Grimm EDM180 -
AQDCC02 APSA-370 APNA-370 APMA-370 APOA-370 Grimm EDM180 -
AQDCC03 APSA-370 APNA-370 APMA-370 APOA-370 Grimm EDM180 -
AQDCC04 APSA-370 APNA-370 APMA-370 APOA-370 Grimm EDM180 -
AQDCC05 APSA-370 APNA-370 APMA-370 - BAM1020 - -
AQDCC-Mobile laboratory
EC9850B EC9841B EC9830B EC9810B
BAM1020
- -
CLEM-Reference lab APSA-370 APNA-370 APMA-370 Model 49i-PS
- -
UB03, UB06, UB9, UB11 Wet chemical
Wet chemical
- - - -
Air quality monitoring network in UB
Calibration standard gas
Takachino chemical industrial Co.Ltd
Reference laboratory
SG-741 Standard gas generator
Air pollution sources and factors
Air quality in UB
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
Sulfur dioxide
13 13 13 11
16
20
28 31
29
21 21 21.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
Sulfur dioxide AQS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Co
ncen
tra
tio
n, µ
g/m
3
Nitrogen dioxide
30 30 30 36
33 28
35
49 50
57
40 36.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
Nitrogen dioxide AQS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
PM10
232 253
195 201
120.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
РМ10 MNS4585:2007
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Con
cen
trati
on
, m
g/m
3
Carbon monoxide
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct NovC
on
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
Ozone
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
PM2.5
PM2.5 72 67 64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2013 2014 2015
Con
cen
trati
on
, µ
g/m
3
PM2.5 MNS4585:2007
Air quality in UB
Challenges
Policy- national plan, designated critical area and budget allocation
Personal- skilled technician, strengthening staff capacity
Measurement traceability– quality of calibration standard gas, inter comparison projects
Technology - Quality assurance and quality control, calibration, maintenance
Communication- Air pollution forecasting and early warning system
