Roger CoatesRoger Coates

Environmental Environmental Systems Systems

Environmental Systems Environmental Systems And And

IntegrationIntegration

Roger CoatesRoger Coates

OverviewOverview• 60 hours face to face60 hours face to face

• Study timeStudy time

• AssignmentsAssignments

• 15 sessions (4 hr)15 sessions (4 hr)

• Examination Examination (based on the syllabus)(based on the syllabus)

OverviewOverview• Aircraft pressurisation terms and Aircraft pressurisation terms and

applicationsapplications

• Aircraft pressurisation operationAircraft pressurisation operation

• Air conditioning principlesAir conditioning principles

• Vapour cycle air conditioningVapour cycle air conditioning

• Air cycle air conditioningAir cycle air conditioning

• Combustion heatersCombustion heaters

• Fuel systems and componentsFuel systems and components

• Oxygen system requirementsOxygen system requirements

• Aircraft oxygen system functionsAircraft oxygen system functions

OverviewOverview• Explain aircraft pressurisation terms and Explain aircraft pressurisation terms and

applicationsapplications

• Explain principles of operation for Explain principles of operation for pressurisation systems and componentspressurisation systems and components

• Explain principles of, and terminology used, Explain principles of, and terminology used, in an aircraft air conditioning system.in an aircraft air conditioning system.

• Describe vapour cycle air conditioning Describe vapour cycle air conditioning systems and components, including their systems and components, including their respective constructional features and respective constructional features and functions.functions.

OverviewOverview

• Describe the function, construction and Describe the function, construction and operation of aircraft fuel systems and operation of aircraft fuel systems and components.components.

• Explain the need for aircraft oxygen Explain the need for aircraft oxygen systems.systems.

• Describe the function, construction, layout Describe the function, construction, layout and safety precautions associated with and safety precautions associated with aircraft oxygen systems.aircraft oxygen systems.

Physiology of Physiology of FlightFlight

Oxygen21%

Nitrogen78%

Other Gases

1%Other gases

• Argon• Neon• Krypton

• Water vapour• Carbon dioxide

Atmosphere extends out for more than 20 miles (32 Km)

Gravity act on the air and causes it to become denser near the earths surface

Air has mass and is incompressible.

Feet IN 0f HG

MM of HG

PSI ºC ºF

0 29.92 760.0 14.69 15.0 59.0

2000 27.82 706.7 13.66 11.0 51.9

4000 25.84 656.3 12.69 7.1 44.7

6000 23098 609.1 11.91 3.1 37.6

8000 22.23 564.6 11.71 - 0.8 30.5

10000 20.58 522.7 10.10 - 4.8 23.4

12000 19.03 483.4 9.34 - 8.8 16.2

14000 17.58 446.5 8.63 -12.7 9.1

16000 16.22 412.0 7.96 -16.7 1.9

18000 14.95 379.7 7.34 - 20.7 - 5.1

20000 13.76 349.5 6.76 - 24.6 - 12.3

22000 12.65 321.3 6.21 - 28.6 - 19.4

24000 11.61 294.9 5.70 - 32.5 - 26.5

26000 10.64 270.3 5.22 - 36.5 - 33.6

28000 9.74 237.4 4.78 - 40.5 - 40.7

30000 8.90 226.1 4.37 - 44.4 - 47.8

32000 8.12 206.3 3.99 - 48.4 - 54.9

34000 7.40 188.0 3.63 - 52.4 - 62.0

Feet IN 0f HG

MM of HG

PSI ºC ºF

36000 6.73 171.0 3.30 - 55.0 - 69.7

38000 6.12 155.5 3.00 Temp Remains

40000 5.56 141.2 2.73 Constant

42000 5.05 128.3 2.48

44000 4.59 116.6 2.25

46000 4.17 105.9 2.05

48000 3.79 96.3 1.86

50000 3.44 87.4 1.70

55000 2.71 68.8 1.33

60000 2.14 54.4 1.05

64000 1.76 44.7 .86

70000 1.32 33.5 113.2 PSF

74000 1.09 27.7 77.3

80000 .82 20.9 58.1

84000 .68 17.3 47.9

90000 .51 13.0 35.9

94000 .43 10.9 29.7

100000 .33 8.0 22.3

Thrust

Sea Level

Altitude 36,000 ft

Decrease in jet engine thrust with altitude

CO2O2

Altitude

(1000,s ft)

Pressure (psi)

Pressure (mm Hg)

Density Ratio

63 0.9 47 1/16

50 1.7 87 1/10

45 2.0 111 1/7

38 3.0 155 1/5

34 3.6 190 1/4

27 5.0 253 1/3

18 7.3 379 1/2

0 (SL) 14.7 760 1

Arterial 02

Saturation %Altitude

25,000 ft 55 - 60

22,000 ft 67 – 68

18,000 ft 74 – 75

14,000 ft 80 – 81

10,000 ft 88 – 90

0 (SL) 95 - 98

Altitude (1000’s ft)

Sitting Quietly

Moderate Activity

Rapid Decompression

(at rest)

22 10 min 5 min 3 min

25 5 min 3 min 2 min

30 1 1/2 min 45 secs 30 secs

35 45 secs 30 secs 20 secs

40 25 secs 18 secs 12 secs