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393 1

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: . : 393

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393 2

:

1. 2.

2.1. 2.2. 2.3.

3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3.

3.3.1. 3.3.2.

3.4. 3.4.1. 3.4.2.

4. 4.1. 4.2.

5. 5.1.

6. - 7. 8.

-

393 3

1.

(Global Positioning System - GPS) . 24 , . - , - , , .

, : , , , , , . ''NAVSTAR GPS''. 750 .

1: ''GLONAS''

. . , . , . . , . .

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393 4

2.

:

2.1

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2:

2.2

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393 5

, , .

3:

2.3

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4: ''GLONASS'', ''Topcon'' , ''LEGACY-E''

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393 6

3.

. :

1. 2.

:

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,

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5:

, . (Post Processing Kinematic - PPK) (Real Time Kinematic - RTK) .

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393 7

3.1

. (), (X, Y, Z) ( Earth Centered Earth Fixed - ECEF), . ''WGS84''.

6:

3.2

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7:

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393 8

3.3

, , . .

3.3.1

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8:

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3.3.2

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10 (L1/L2). , 90 , , 10 , .

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9:

, .

3.4

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3.4.1

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3.4.2

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10:

. ''R'' , , 0.5 , .

, , . , , -(Stop and go) (continues).

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393 11

4.

, . :

(''C/A'' ''P'' );

( ''L1'' ''L2'');

4.1

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11:

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RRR ttT SSS ttT . 12 .

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13:

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1. .

2. (Doppler) . , , .

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393 13

, : )()(c

tfttf

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SSSS

cftft 0)(

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5.

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2002. 05.12.2005. , 16.12.2005. . ( ) , 15.

15:

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393 15

''GNSS'' , :

- ''FKP''

- ''VRS''

- ''MAC''

5.1

. .

, ''NMEA'' . , , ( ). ''RTCM'' . , , 2 , ''RTK'' . 16 17 .

16: 17: ''NMEA'' ''RTCM''

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393 16

6. -

- , . - , , . , .

: , ''WGS-84'' - . , , , 4 , , .

, ''UltraEdit'', , ''Trimble Geomatics Office''. ''Trimble Geomatics Office'' , .

18: ''UltraEdit''

''WGS-84'' , -- . , 19.

-

393 17

19: ''Trimble Geomatics Office''

, , ''GPS Site Calibration'' ''Survey''. ''Seven parameter'', - . ''Point List'' . , 0.10, .

20: ''GPS Site Calibration'' 21: ''Point List''

-

393 18

''Report'' . ''Report''- , , , ''Point List'' , , ''Report''. , , 0.10, , . , .

22: ''Report''

, ''Report''- , 22.

23: ''Report''-

''Save As Site'' , , , .

-

393 19

7.

, - , ''Trimble Geomatics Office(TGO)''.

''.dat'' ''Rinex'' , , 24 25, , 26.

24: ''.dat''

25: ''.dat''

-

393 20

26:

, ''Process GPS Baselines'', .

27:

, , ''Process GPS Baselines'' . .

-

393 21

28: ''TGO''-

, , ''Save'' . , .

29:

, ''report'' , , , , .

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393 22

30: ''report''-

8.

1.) , .

2.) , , .