Alazan Rockets for Cloud Seeding

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  • 7/28/2019 Alazan Rockets for Cloud Seeding

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  • 7/28/2019 Alazan Rockets for Cloud Seeding

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    According to thefacts of the Worldmeteorologicalorganization theaverage annual losses

    from hail are more than2 billion $ only inNorth America andEurope. More than 30countries fight with thisnatural calamity bydifferent means.Nowadays the mosteffective is the Russiantechnology of antihailprotection.

    FSUE CPA n. a.V.I. Chapaev is thebiggest producer of theantihail rocketsAlazan 5, Alazan6.

    The technology ofantihail protection ofplants is based on theradar tracking detectionand the identification ofdifferent kinds ofclouds: hail,dangerously hail andpotentially dangerous;and also based on theaddition of crystalagents consisting ofiodine silver with thehelp of special rocketsAlazan.

    The antihailrockers Alazan 5 andAlazan 6 are the

    safest among the rockets of the similar kind. Onlyecologically pure components are used in theirproduction.

    The usage of the rockets Alazan let to reduce thehail losses at about 7 times. Realization expanses of theantihail protection are justified from 3 till 11 times

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  • 7/28/2019 Alazan Rockets for Cloud Seeding

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    depending on the value of the agricultural crops.

    PackingThe products Alazan 5 and Alazan 6 are

    packed in wooden boxes four pieces in each. The overall

    dimensions of the box are 155x49x23 sm. The grossweight is 60 kg.

    StorageThe products Alazan 5 and Alazan 6 are kept

    in the packing of the factory producer in the not heatedstorehouses for three years, including field conditionsunder the shed or in the open air without direct influenceof the precipitations and sun radiation from -30 till +40and relative humidity up to 100 % for six months.

    TransportationThe products Alazan 5 and Alazan 6 aretransported in the packing of the factory producer:

    - by train in covered carriages for distances up to20000 km without speed limiting;

    - by sea kept inside without distance and speedlimiting;

    - by track covered for distances up to 4000 km:3700 km direct transportations by asphalt covered roadswith the speed up to 80 km/h, 300-km cobble or groundcovered roads with the speed up to 40 km/h.

    Technical characteristics of antihail rockets

    eters dimensionMeaning of parameters

    ALAZAN-5

    30 %!al-trade.su

    http://www.chuvashia.com/news.aspxhttp://www.chuvashia.com/news.aspxhttp://www.chuvashia.com/news.aspx
  • 7/28/2019 Alazan Rockets for Cloud Seeding

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    Variant 000 Variant 000 01

    Caliber, mm 82, 5 82, 5 82, 5

    Diameter maximal (according to the advancedelements of construction), mm

    96, 0 96, 0 96, 0

    Length, mm Max. 1402 Max. 1402 Max. 1402Mass, kg 8, 80, 2 8, 80, 2 8, 80, 2

    Mass of the ice-form contents (contents of theactive smoke), kg

    0, 660, 06 0, 660, 06 0, 660, 06

    Mark of the contents 50-04-022%AgJ

    50-04-024%AgJ

    50-04-028%AgJ

    Number of the ice-form nuclei, generated bythe head-part, pieces; not less:

    temp t=-10C

    temp t=-6CTotal mass of the elastic belt elements (ES), kg 0, 19 0, 19 0, 19

    Maximal trajectory height under the angle ofelevation SP 85, m

    9300 9300 9300

    Maximal horizontal distance of the missilesflight under the angle of elevation SP 55, m

    12000 12000 12000

    Interval of temperature operation, 0+45td> 0+45 0+45

    Time from the starting moment of the productup to the moment of the head-part startingworking (up to the appearance of smoke from

    (HP), sec.

    13, 02, 5 13, 02, 5 13, 02, 5

    Time from the starting moment of the productup to the moment of self-destruction, sec.

    41, 05, 0 41, 05, 0 41, 05, 0

    The system of providing protection Self-destruction in air with the help of belt charge ofthe ES (explosive substance)

    The probability of safe usage for populationunder confidential probability , not less

    0, 99999 0, 99999 0, 99999

    #

    1. Acetonanile NGranulated Specs. 6-00-04691277-202-97 ChemicalName: 2, 2, 4-Trimethyl-l, 2-dihydroquinoline, polymerized

    ,

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    [email protected]

    ANTIHAIL ROCKET AND HAIL SUPPRESSION

    METHODOLOGY USED IN BULGARIA

    1. Background

    The hail suppression project in Bulgaria starts with protection of about 250 000 ha and since

    1987 the protected area reaches 1 500 000 ha. In the beginning Russian rockets are used likePGI, Oblako, Alazan , which carry an active reagent based on lead iodide, and a Georgianmethodology for hail clouds identification and their seeding. Since 1986 a Bulgarianmethodology for identification and seeding of hail clouds is introduced, based on physics-statistic methods. Since 1994 the active reagent in the available Alazan rockets is replacedwith silver iodide and the implementation of the first model for reagent diffusion in theatmosphere starts. Since 1999 the manufacture of a Bulgarian anti-hail rocket starts; the rocketcarries the upgraded version of the active reagent, based on silver iodide. In 2000 the diffusionmodel is modernized taking into account the temperature conditions in which the active reagentgenerator works. The software, which is used translates the location of all objects to the radarcoordinate system and selects the most suitable launching site for clod seeding according

    particular meteorological conditions in that day. Also the area of seeding and the method ismade more precise. As a result of the activities:

    - the consumption of rockets is reduced 5 times;

    - the reagent used is environment friendly;

    - the physical effect from the cloud seeding intervention is increased;

    - reduction of risk when handling the rockets;

    - reduction of rocket and launcher weight, which allows the establishment of mobilelaunching sites;

    - reduction of the upper flight height and allowing additional space for civil aircraft

    traffic;

    - introducing the reagent in the warmer parts of clouds, thus increase in the active

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
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    track of a rocket.

    2. Advantages of the Bulgarian rocket as a technical carrier of reagent into clouds,

    compared to similar items:

    - with respect of the active reagent :

    It is tested

    in the Testing Laboratory of the National Institute of Meteorology andHydrology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

    in the P. DeMott laboratory at the Colorado State University

    in the Aerosol Research Laboratory at the Central Aerological Observatory(CAO), Moskow.

    It has a high number of ice-nucleus in 1 gr. of pyrotechnic compound. For acomparison: at100 C the number of ice-nucleus is 1.5 x 1013 nucleus. Besides thepyrotechnic compound contains additives, which allow the reagent to be reactivatedat negative temperatures even if at the moment (and level) of initial intervention thetemperatures have been positive.

    - with respect to safety:

    The rocket is in a hermetic container, which protects it from atmospheric influencesand protects the personnel even in case of self-destruction of the rocket on the ground

    due to certain reasons.

    In the self-destruction chain of the rocket there are not strong explosive substanceslike hexogen, TNT, elastit, etc.

    According to the European Convention on Transportation of Dangerous Materials,the rocket is classified as class IIIB, the self-destruction systemas class IB. Thewhole rocket ADR classification is 1.4S.

    - with respect to the weight:

    The weight of the rocket is 2.6 kg, and together with the container3.65 kg. Themass of the active pyrotechnic compound is 400 gr. The launcher weights about 70kg. These parameters allow a complex to be built by 1 stationary and 34 mobilepoints. At the stationary launching site the rockets and the vehicles, which carry thelaunchers are kept, the mobile points are used only when shooting and are smallconcrete area with thunder-protection.

    3. Technology for determining the hail-peril of the cloud:

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    The starting point is that the cloud is a process, rather than an object. The peril

    estimation starts with evaluation of atmosphere state, i.e. how much is it capable of supporting

    convective processes leading to hail formation. This estimation is based on synoptical and

    aerological analysis.

    Presence of conditions for strong convection is necessary for radiolocationsobservations. The isocontours height are determined having radiolocations reflectivity of 15, 25,35, 45, and 55 dBz, together with the temperature values at these heights. The time variation ismonitored of the so-called Discriminative Function, which divides hail from non hail clouds.

    How this discriminative function is determined?

    Initially the database containing all observed clouds is divided in two - clouds that have

    led to hail fall and clouds that havent. Using an expert estimation, after that a moment is

    chosen from the cloud history when it was in its maximum development (for rain clouds) or in a

    before-hail state (i.e. the moment preceding the cloud development) for hail clouds. Thus two

    excerpts of radiolocation and temperature parameters are formed, corresponding to two cloudtypes. Linear discriminative analysis permits to generate a function of cloud parameters, which

    separates in the best way the two excerpts.

    We consider that the best criterion for cloud transition into a before-hail state is the

    condition:

    A = H45 - 0.1 TH15 > 9.3,

    where H45 is the height [km] of isocontour with reflectivity of 45 dBz and TH15 is temperature [o C]

    at the top of the isocontour with reflectivity of 15 dBz.

    When the value of A is around the critical 9.3, additional criteria are used to determine

    the cloud type, such as the type of the general convective scene in the region, isotermic heights,

    gradients and dynamics of isocontours, etc.

    All this brings an answer to "WHEN to intervene?".

    The observations are carried out using meteorological radiolocation station MRL-5 with

    10 cm wavelength, analog system for multicontour signal display and digital system for real time

    display and recording of radiolocation data.

    4. Technology of intervention :

    The radiolocation observations use classification of uni- multi- and super-cell processes. The

    cell is defined as an isocontour of 45 dBz reflectivity. The process type is determined by the

    number of cell in one isocontour of 35 dBz and by the reached stage of development. Unicell

    process is trivial. It is more difficult to determine the transition moment between multicell and

    supercell processes. Supercell process requires that at the same moment cells in different

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    development stage exist in an isocontour of 35 dBz (at stages of genesis, maximum

    development and raining) and that the generation is going continuously in time. In this case the

    atmosphere energy realisation becomes an uninterruptible process leading to greatest hail

    damages. In some multicell and all supercell cases radiolocation shape of the cloud has a

    peculiar "incline" or an asymmetrical structure.

    WHERE to interfere, or the place of seeding agent introduction depends on the process

    type.

    In all cases the agent is activated at height in the layer between -5C and -10C.

    Symmetrical processes require seeding in the region with reflectivity of 35 dBz. For

    asymmetrical processes the seeding region lies below the "incline", excluding the isocontour

    with reflectivity 55 dBz, large horizontal gradients require that seeding includes the region up to

    the border of isocontour 15 dBz.

    HOW much to seed?

    Our method requires filling of the seeding region with about 104 - 105 particles per cubic

    meter.

    Before 1992 the seeding agent used was lead iodide (PbJ). The seeding agent quantity

    required was determined by the volume of the seeding region in order to obtain a density of 10 5

    particles per cubic meter.

    Since 1994 a new seeding agent is used. The pyrotechnical compound contain 10%

    silver iodide (AgJ), issuing 5.1013 nuclei per gram. The seeding agent quantity is determined

    using a diffusion model. As a result the rockets quantity was reduced five times.

    5. Comparison between rocket method and other hail suppression methods:

    In the world there are 3 methods for cloud seeding with active reagent. When estimated eachof them has their advantages and disadvantages in case of hail suppression activity.

    A. Ground-based generators seeding

    Advantages:

    - low maintenance costs; does not require high qualification of the staff who can work on

    a partial-time basis; does not require air-traffic co-ordination.

    Limitations:

    - large and non-effective agent spending; seeding is not made in the right places and at

    the right time and the seeding agent is quite often deactivated (moistened) before reaching the

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    required height.

    B. Aircraft seeding

    Advantages:

    - does not require special restrict to air-traffic control; needs few staff; can seed in the

    correct region at the correct time, unless heavy clouds.

    Limitations:

    - the continuous seeding is impossible; heavy clouds limit the precision of seeding in

    space and time; needs high staff qualification.

    C. Rocket seeding

    Advantages:

    - can seed with high space and time precision; continuous seeding is possible;

    low agent spending.

    Limitations:

    - requires restrict to air-traffic control; staff is required for rockets linesmaintenance, although not highly qualified.

    HAIL SUPPRESSION ROCKET

    COMPLEX "ALAZAN"

    Rocket "Alazan-5".

    "ALAZAN-5" rocket is an unguided finned 82.5 mm missile. It has atwo-mode engine (with 6 sec pause between the modes), a head part withpyrotechnic mixture of crystallizing agent, and a self-distracter. The two

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    mode regime guarantees flat trajectories and accurate agent delivery to a specifiedcloud layer.

    The rocket can transport 630 g of pyrocomponent, dispersing it along the routefor 35 sec.

    The seeding route is of 6 km lenght and the concentration of ice-formingaerosol is quite high.

    The rocket can be safely used over densely populated areas due to bodycrushing into small fragments after the seeding is over.

    Specification of Hail-Suppression rockets Alazan-5.

    Specification Alazan-5

    Caliber, mm 82,5

    Length, mm 1402

    Launching mass, kg 8,8

    Seeding agent mass, g 0,66

    Rocket body mass(body fragments), kg 4,7

    AgI amount in one rocket, g 12,6

    Active nuclei output from one rocket at -10 6,61015

    Seeding range, km 2-10

    Agent releasing, sec 30 4

    Probability of safe use for population, not less than 0,99999

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    Rocket Launcher "TKB-040-04".

    Rocket launcher "TKB-040-04" makes it possible to launch rockets"ALAZAN-5". It has a pedestal, 12 guides, turning devices for vertical and horizontal.Each guide is fixed independently allowing a veering arrangement of the rocket tracksand guaranteeing an efficient cloud seeding with rocket series without additionalaiming after each launch.

    When several rockets are fired off with different horizontal and vertical aimingthe whole volume tric seeding occures and increases the seeding effect.

    The guides are of a boxed type with grooves for rocket fins and locks to fix therockets in place. There are contact devices to start the engine and self-distracter.

    Specification of Rocket Launcher "TKB-040-04".

    SPECIFICATIONB-

    040-04

    Caliber, mm 82,5

    Number of tracks, pc 12

    Guide arrangement veering

    Mass with controlboard and cables, kg

    670

    Power consumption(3220 v,50 Hz), kW

    14

    Voltage supply, V24 10%

    Aiming angles:

    Horizontal 0 360

    Vertical 0 85

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    Productionlist

    Home

    PrecipitationControl

    Anti-HailWorks

    ScientificResearches

    Trayal

    Contacts

    NEWS

    01.03.2010

    Sky

    Clear II:Smalldistancerocket23.02.2010

    SkyClear I:PrecipitationControl21.02.2010

    SkyClearIII:GroundGenerator19.02.2010

    Loza-5universal areready to

    producing14.12.2009

    Loza-6areready toproduci

    Loza-6 are ready to producing

    The main differences from the existing series:

    distance of flight about 10 000 m the very high ice-nucleation activity 8.0E+13 under -10oC lower silver content ( 4% )

    More details on page"Rocket anti-hail technologies"

    Loza-6 testbench,measurement of

    inner ballistics

    Loza-6 test bench, full test Loza-6 test bench,measurement of inner ballisticsand ice-nucleation activity

    Loza-6 start Loza-6, after licvidation Loza-6 diagram of trust

    http://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/http://www.stroyproject.eu/en/http://www.stroyproject.eu/en/control_precipitation.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/control_precipitation.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/scientific_research.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/scientific_research.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/trayal.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/trayal.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/contacts.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/contacts.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail/anti_hail_rocket.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail/anti_hail_rocket.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail/anti_hail_rocket.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail/anti_hail_rocket.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/ru/http://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/trust_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail/anti_hail_rocket.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_5.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear3.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear1.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/skyclear2.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/contacts.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/contacts.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/trayal.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/trayal.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/scientific_research.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/scientific_research.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/anti_hail.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/control_precipitation.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/control_precipitation.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/http://www.stroyproject.eu/en/http://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/production.htm
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    ng

    Loza-6 (8% IHF)Loza-2 head part (12% pyrotechnic

    mixture)

    AS (4% IHF) RussiaHead part "Alazan" (8% pyrotechnic

    mixture)

    Loza-6 ballistics.

    Calibre mm 60

    Length, mm 1045

    Weight, kg 3.2

    Radius of action, km 10

    Length of a workingline, km

    8

    Reagent weight, g 900

    Quantity AgJ, g 72% AgJ 8.0 %

    Ice-nucleationactivity, minus 10 C

    7.2E+16

    Activity per gramm 8.0E+13

    In a rocket "Loza-6" uses not classic silver compounds and we had recalculatedto AgJ for comparison.

    http://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htmhttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/video/loza_6_start.avihttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/loza_common_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/ballistic_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/images/slides/loza_6/comparison_big.jpghttp://www.stroyproject.eu/en/loza_6.htm
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    Now our company starts development of a product "Loza-7" with the contents ofsilver compounds in recalculation on AgJ about 2 % and with an output of activenucleuses approximately 1.2E+16 per rocket.

    ,

    1.

    1967 , 250 000

    ha, 1987 1 500 000 ha.

    , ,

    . 1986

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    . 1999

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    - ,

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    400 g. ~ 70 kg.

    3-4 .

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    .

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    - 1012-1013 .

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    ~ 5.1013 . -

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    . .

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    Investigation of the stability of rotating generators of liquid reagents in

    the atmosphereIl'In, M. I.;Ignatenko, V. I.;Stepanov, A. B.

    IN: Physics of the upper atmosphere (A91-29876 11-46). Moscow, Gidrometeoizdat, 1990, p. 92-97. In

    Russian.

    Aspects of the stability analysis of the motion of a body containing a viscous-fluid-filled cavity areexamined. The problem is divided into two independent parts. First, the hydrodynamic part is reduced

    to the determination of functions and coefficients characterizing the effect of the fluid on the motion of

    the body. Second, the dynamic part is reduced to the solution of the equations of body motion, in which

    the presence of the fluid-filled cavity is taken into account via functions determined from the

    hydrodynamic part of the problem. As an example, this theory is used to calculate the rotational motion

    of the Alazan' meteorological rocket, which carries a liquid-filled container.

    http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Il%27In,+M&fullauthor=Il%27In,%20M.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Il%27In,+M&fullauthor=Il%27In,%20M.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Ignatenko,+V&fullauthor=Ignatenko,%20V.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Ignatenko,+V&fullauthor=Ignatenko,%20V.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Ignatenko,+V&fullauthor=Ignatenko,%20V.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Stepanov,+A&fullauthor=Stepanov,%20A.%20B.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Stepanov,+A&fullauthor=Stepanov,%20A.%20B.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Stepanov,+A&fullauthor=Stepanov,%20A.%20B.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Stepanov,+A&fullauthor=Stepanov,%20A.%20B.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Ignatenko,+V&fullauthor=Ignatenko,%20V.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHYhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Il%27In,+M&fullauthor=Il%27In,%20M.%20I.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=PHY
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    Keywords: INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS, LIQUID SLOSHING, ROTARY STABILITY, ROTATING FLUIDS, VISCOUS

    FLUIDS, EQUATIONS OF MOTION, LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER, ROTATING BODIES, TANKS (CONTAINERS),

    ULLAGE