Alexandria UniversityAlexandria UniversityFaculty of EngineeringFaculty of Engineering

Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Dept.

INLAND WATER TRANSPORTATIONINLAND WATER TRANSPORTATION

Institute of Marine Engineers “Egypt Branch”

Prepared By

Mohamed Salah Ebeida

The BSC Seminar

I. IntroductionI. Introduction

Importance of transportation to economic growth for different nations

Environmental impacts of different transportation systems

II. Transportation mode II. Transportation mode comparisoncomparison

a. Energy Efficiency

Inland Barges moves longer distances considering the same amount of cargo and the same amount of consumed fuel

420

660

2100

540

1130

2800

990

1720

3420

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Operating Line-haul Modal

BargesRailTruck

BTU/ Ton-mile

=> Measures of freight Energy Efficiency <=

Highway trucking is intermixed in traffic with automobiles and, in urban areas, with pedestrians.

Rail shipment involve large number of massive units traveling at high speed.

Waterway environment has few crossing junctures and is remote from population centers.

Hazardous cargoes have more protection when transported using barges.

b. Safety

Congestion wastes valuable energy resources and increases personal trip time

Waterway industry has met the increase in additional cargo demand by building fewer tow boats with greater horsepower

Rail also operates on a dedicated right-of-way so it have no congestion problem but it can cause serious congestion problems for others

c. Congestion

Each tow added to our Egyptian inland fleet will replace 900 trucks moving on our high ways

d. Air / Noise pollution

Vessels produce 33 % less pollutants than diesel trains and 373 % less than diesel trucks

Again, road traffic is, by far, the dominant source of pollutant emissions.

0.09

0.46

0.63

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

HC

0.2

0.64

1.9

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

CO

0.53

1.83

10.17

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

NO

Barges

Rail

Truck

Pounds / 1000 ton mile

e. Land use / Social impact

•While trucks and trains, to a degree, operate much closer to populated areas, barges quietly make their way along isolated waterways for most of their trip.

•With some rail lines passing through major urban areas, the attendant noise impacts are experienced by nearby residents

Social Costs In Relation To Transport Modalities (In %)

SOCIAL COST AIR RAIL Barges ROAD TOTAL

AIR POLLUTION 2 4 3 91 100

NOISE POLLUTION

26 10 0 64 100

LAND COVERAGE

1 7 1 91 100

CONSTRUCTION / MAINTENANCE

2 37 5 56 100

ACCIDENTS / CASUALITIES

1 1 0 98 100

         A 826% increase in fuel use annually         A 709% increase in exhaust emissions annually         A 5,967% increase in probable accidents each year         The need to annually dispose of 2,746 used truck

tires, and         An additional truck traffic load of 1,333 heavy vehicles each day in the study corridors 

In an analysis carried out by the Illinois State Water Survey, U.S.A. in 1993 What was determined in the analysis was that a shift to trucks from vessels would cause:

f. Environmental Aspects

There are a number of coincidental benefits There are a number of coincidental benefits related to water transportation. Other major related to water transportation. Other major beneficiaries includebeneficiaries include

RecreationWildlife habitatFlood controlPublic water supplyIrrigationIndustrial use

Conclusion

Effective inland transport system is very essential for any economic growth.

Inland water transportation is a safe, quiet, virtually invisible transportation system and has the unique capability to carry tremendous amounts of cargo.

Inland water transportation is the most environmentally friend mode.

1. Canalizing and deepening the barges’ path in the River.

2. Construction and Maintenance of Dams and locks to ensure reasonable and constant depth of water as possible. 

3. Construction of canals to be used mainly for water transport if the volume of commodity to be transported makes this possible from an economical point of view.

4. Construction of loading and unloading facilities

Responsibility of governmental authorities:

III. Now discussing an example of how the developed countries deal

with their waterways

Europe has a finely-meshed network of navigable waterways.

It is difficult to think of a destination in Europe that cannot be reached by water.

Every year more than 400 million tons (that is 400 billion kilos!) are transported by water. More than 60% of the total international cargo transport occurs by ship!

NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT

AZIPOD® - Azimuthing Electric Propulsion Drive

Results reached till now

a)   15 % lower fuel consumption, emission levels and maintenance costs; b)   30% increase in cargo volume and payload capacity

c)   New hull forms with 10% better performance in comparison with current modern inland ship designs

IV. ANALYSIS OF EGYPTIAN INLAND WATER

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

a. Classes of the Egyptian waterways

No country possesses a vast net of inland waterways like Egypt. In fact, every city, town and village lies on the river or one or more of its branches or existing navigable canals.

b. Units used in the Egyptian waterways

Self propelled barges

340 unitsPusher barge and pushed dumb barge

340 unitsPusher tug and pushed dumb barges

10 unitsTowing tug and towed dumb barges

c. Current Projects

Converting the Damietta branch to a first class route

200 million L.E.

Re-open and develop the Ismailia Canal

175 million L.E.

the connection of Dekhiela port with the Egyptian inland waterways network.

Under study?!!

d. Position of inland water transportation among the other modes in Egypt:

In 1980 a study made by Louis Berger Bureau stated the following data

11.613.4

75

10.813

76.2

18.6

26

55.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1975 1980 1985

BargesRailTruck

%

The Study predicted rise in the share of inland water transportation by the year 1985

• Unfortunately days has proved that these predictions were not correct

• The situation got worse as the following data recorded by the Ministry of Transport show:

13.214

72

11.813.75

74.5

36

91

0102030405060708090

100

1977 1988 1990

BargesRailTruck

%It is believed nowadays (year 2000), that the share of the inland water transport is less than 1.5% !

Personal CommentPersonal Comment

This weak participation of inland water transportation is not accepted at all as it costs our economy thousands of pounds every day

The decision makers ignore this mode completely when speaking about development of transportation

The role of the private sector is to be improved