Alkali metals, earth metals, halogens, and noble gases

The Periodic Table

Proposed by Mendeleev

Groups and Families

Elements in the same column have similar chemical characteristics.

Periodic means repeated pattern of characteristics.

There are 18 families on the periodic table.

The Periodic TableGroup or Family

12

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112

13 14 15 16 1718

The Periodic Table

Rows are called periods.Rows are called periods.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Names and Symbols Element names have symbols with 1-3

letters The FIRST letter is always capitalized. The rest of the letters are always

lowercase.

Groups and Periods Period tell you the number of main

energy level Group tells you the number of valance

electrons Valence electrons are electrons in the

outer most energy level

Metals Located generally on the left and center of

the periodic table. Generally solid at room temperature Grayish Color, shiny surface, and conduct

electricity. Ductile and Malleable Most elements are metals.

Nonmetal Does not conduct electricity. Generally gases at room temperature Located on the right side of the periodic

table. Brittle Dull

The Periodic Table

Metalloids have properties of metals as well as nonmetals.

Metalloids have properties of metals as well as nonmetals.

The Periodic Table

Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group)Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group)

Transition Elements

The Periodic Table

Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear

reactions

Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear

reactions

Lanthanide Actinide

Very reactiveExplode when exposed to water

Do not occur alone in nature One electron in outer shell Softer then most metals Lithium least reactive Francium most reactive Needs to lose 1 e- to be like a noble gas

Lithium (Li)Discovered in 1817 by Johann ArfvedsonUses: batteries, ceramics, medicine

Sodium (Na)Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: medicine, agriculture, streetlights, cosmetic products

Potassium (K)Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: glass, soap, fertilizer, matches

Rubidium(Rb)Discovered in 1861 by R. BunsenUses: catalyst, photocells, special kinds of glasses and lasersCesium (Cs)Discovered in 1860 by Fustov KirchoffUses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes, atomic clocks, treating certain cancers, infrared lamps Francium (Fr)Discovered in 1939 by Marguerite DereyUses: none knownradioactive

Have an oxidation number of +2 Very reactive

Not as reactive as Alkali metals Not found in nature Two electrons in outer shell Soft metal Low-density Need to lose 2 electrons to be like a

noble gas

Beryllium (Be)Discovered in 1798 by Fredrich WohlerUses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft

Magnesium (Mg)Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey DavyNecessary for the growth and metabolism of most living organismsUses: airplanes, missiles

Calcium (Ca)Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: cement, plaster, bones, teeth, shells

Strontium (Sr)Discovered in 1790 by A. CrawfordUses: in pyrotechnics (fireworks), magnets, medicine, flares, crimson color

Barium (Ba)discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: Pyrotechnics (fireworks), paint, radiology, medine

Radium (Ra)Discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie Uses: Medicine, cancer treatment, radioactive

Non-metallic “halogen” meaning “salt-former” Have 7 electrons in their outer shell Oxidation number of -1 At room temperature, exist in a solid,

liquid, and gas form Fluorine most reactive and Astatine

least reactive Needs to gain 1 e- to be like a noble gas

Fluorine (F)Discovered in 1886 by Joseph Henri MoissanUses: refrigerants, in toothpaste

Chlorine (Cl)Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm ScheeleUses: water purification, bleachesGas

Bromine (Br)Discovered in 1826 by Antoine J. BalardPoisonous liquid

Iodine (I)Discovered in 1811 by Bernard CourtoisEssential in humans solid

Astatine (At)Discovered in 1940 by D.R. CorsonUses: none knownMan-maderadioactive

Oxidation number of 0 Have maximum number of electrons in

outer shell Stable unreactive

Helium (He)Discovered in 1895 by Sir William RamsayUses: balloons, deep sea diving, in stars

Neon (Ne)Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay Uses: lighting (neon lights), liquid coolant

Argon (Ar)Discovered in 1894 by Sir William Ramsay Lighting, weldingMost abundant

Krypton (Kr)Discovered in 1898 by Sir William RamsayUses: photography, incandescent lamps

Xenon (Xe)Discovered in 1898 by Sir William RamsayUses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers, lasersRarest gas in the atmosphere

Radon (Rn)Discovered in 1898 by Fredrich Ernst DornUses: treating cancerradioactive

Fill in the Periodic Table Color and label the following

Color in the boxes for Metals as greenColor in the boxes for Non – metals as light

orange Color in the boxes for the Metalloids as light

purpleWith a black pen trace the staircase Alkali Metals ~ Outline boxes in blueAlkaline Earth Metals ~ Outline boxes in

yellowHalogens ~ Outline boxes in brown Noble Gases ~ Outline boxes in red

B

Ge

Te

At

Si

As

Sb