Ambulance - training

Ambulance National Competency Standards

The materials contained within this volume are part of the endorsed component of the

Health Training Package (HLT02)

Endorsed by NTQC and agreed by Ministers in January 2002. This Training Package is to be reviewed by January 2005

HLT02 Health Training Package © Commonwealth of Australia 2005 This work has been produced with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through the Department of Education Science and Training (DEST). An individual may make a photocopy of all or part of the work for their personal use. A Registered Training Organisation may make photocopies of all or part of the work for the teaching purposes of that organisation, including for supply to its students provided that any consideration does not exceed the marginal cost of preparation, reproduction, assembly and delivery. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests for permission may be directed to: Branch Manager, Technology and Information Services Branch, Industry Skills Development Group, Department of Education, Science and Training, GPO Box 9880 Canberra City, ACT, 2601. Website: www.dest.gov.au This work is the result of wide consultations with Australian industry participants. It is a collaborative view and does not necessarily represent the view of DEST or any specific body. For the sake of brevity it may omit factors which could be pertinent in particular cases. While care has been taken in the preparation of this Training Package, DEST and the original developer do not warrant that any licensing or registration requirements specified here are either complete or up-to-date for your State or Territory. DEST and the original developer do not accept any liability for any damage or loss (including indirect and consequential loss) incurred by any person as a result of relying on the information contained in this Training Package. This Training Package should not be regarded as professional advice and it should not be relied upon in any important matter without obtaining appropriate advice relevant to your circumstances. Published by: Community Services and Health Industry Skills Council GPO Box 9848, Sydney NSW 2001 Phone: +61 2 9263 3589 Fax: +61 2 9263 3599 W: www.cshisc.com.au e-mail: [email protected] First published: December 2001 Second Edition: December 2002 Third Edition: December 2005

© Commonwealth of Australia 2005 Health Training Package HLT02 to be reviewed by January 2005 Version 3

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Contents Preliminary Information ............................................................................................................ iv Health Training Package Units of Competency ......................................................................... v Introduction to Ambulance National Competency Standards .................................................... 1 Ambulance Units of Competency............................................................................................... 2


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Preliminary Information Important Note to Users Training Packages are not static documents; they are amended periodically to reflect the latest industry practices and are version controlled. It is essential that the latest version is always used. Check the version number before commencing training or assessment This Training Package is Version 3 – check whether this is the latest version by going to the National Training Information Service (www.ntis.gov.au) and locating information about the Training Package. Alternatively, contact Community Services and Health Industry Skills Council (www.cshisc.com.au) to confirm the latest version number. Explanation of version number conventions The primary release Training Package is Version 1. When changes are made to a Training Package, sometimes the version number is changed and sometimes it is not, depending on the extent of the change. When a Training Package is reviewed it is considered to be a new Training Package for the purposes of version control, and is Version 1. Do not confuse the version number with the Training Package’s national code (which remains the same during its period of endorsement). Version modification history The version details of this endorsed Training Package are in the table below. The latest information is at the top of the table. Version Release Date Comments

3 12/05 Population Health National Competency Standards and Qualifications

2 4/12/02 Health Technicians National Competency Standards and Qualifications

1 11/12/01 Primary Release Explanation of the review date The review date (shown on the title page and in the footer of each page) indicates when the Training Package is expected to be reviewed in the light of changes such as changing technologies and circumstances. The review date is not an expiry date. Endorsed Training Packages and their components remain current until they are reviewed or replaced.


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Health Training Package Units of Competency This is the complete list of all units of competency in the Health Training Package as they relate to specific Health Industry Sectors. Ambulance HLTAMBAE1A Enable safe access and egress in an emergency 1 HLTAMBAE2A Implement specialist access and egress procedures 7 HLTAMBAE3A Follow procedures for routine safe extrication of patient 13 HLTAMBAE4A Follow procedures for safe extrication of patient in a life threatening situation 17 HLTAMBC1A Receive request for service 23 HLTAMBC2A Assign ambulance service resources 29 HLTAMBC3A Coordinate resources 35 HLTAMBCR1A Deliver basic patient care 39 HLTAMBCR2A Deliver standard pre-hospital patient care 47 HLTAMBCR3A Deliver intensive pre-hospital patient care 55 HLTAMBCR4A Clinical mentoring in the work environment 63 HLTAMBFC1A Communicate within an ambulance environment 67 HLTAMBFC2A Communicate in complex or difficult situations 73 HLTAMBMA1A Manage ambulance operations 79 HLTAMBMA2A Supervise on-road operations 85 HLTAMBPD1A Manage personal stressors in the work environment 91 HLTAMBSC1A Manage routine scene 95 HLTAMBSC2A Manage scene of special event 99 HLTAMBSC3A Manage the scene of an emergency 103 HLTAMBT1A Transport non-emergency patients 109 HLTAMBT2A Transport emergency patients 115 PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community 119 PUAOHS003A Implement and monitor the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs 123 PUAOHS004A Establish and maintain the occupational health and safety system 131 PUAVEH001A Drive vehicles under operational conditions 137 Complementary and Alternative Health Care Common Units HLTCOM1A Provide specific information to clients/patients 1 HLTCOM2A Develop professional expertise 7 HLTCOM3A Manage a practice 13 HLTCOM4A Communicate effectively with clients/patients 23 HLTCOM5A Administer a practice 31 HLTCOM6A Make referrals to other health care professional when appropriate 39 HLTCOM7A Provide reception services for a practice 43 HLTCOM8A Use specific/medical terminology to communicate with client/patients, fellow workers and health

professionals 49 Ayurveda HLTAYVIA Plan the Ayurvedic herbal medicine treatment strategy – Dravyaguna 55 HLTAYV2A Plan the Ayurvedic treatment strategy 63 HLTAYV3A Prepare and dispense Ayurvedic herbal medicine - Dravyaguna 71 HLTAYV4A Provide Ayurvedic advice on nutrition 83 HLTAYV5A Provide the Ayurvedic herbal medicine treatment 93 HLTAYV6A Provide Ayurvedic relaxation massage treatment 101 HLTAYV7A Plan the Ayurvedic remedial massage treatment strategy 107 HLTAYV8A Manage work within the Ayurvedic framework 115 HLTAYV9A Perform Ayurvedic health assessment 123 HLTAYV10A Perform Ayurvedic remedial massage health assessment 133 HLTAYV11A Provide Ayurvedic remedial massage treatment 143 HLTAYV12A Provide Ayurvedic lifestyle consultation 151 HLTAYV13A Provide the Ayurvedic treatment 157 HLTAYV14A Work within an Ayurvedic framework for lifestyle consultants 167 HLTAYV15A Apply Ayurvedic diagnostic framework 175 Homoeopathy HLTHOM1A Apply Homoeopathic diagnostic framework 181 HLTHOM2A Conduct basic Homoeopathic research 189 HLTHOM3A Manage work with the Homoeopathic framework 195 HLTHOM4A Perform clinical screening examination and assessment 205 HLTHOM5A Plan the Homoeopathic treatment strategy 215 HLTHOM6A Prepare and dispense Homoeopathic medicine 223


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HLTHOM7A Provide assistance to the Homoeopathic practitioner 233 HLTHOM8A Provide Homoeopathic treatment and manage the case 239 HLTHOM9A Provide specific Homoeopathic assessment and care 249 HLTHOM10A Take the Homoeopathic case 261 HLTHOM11A Use and maintain medical equipment 271 HLTHOM12A Work within a Homoeopathic framework 277 Remedial Massage HLTREM1A Work within a Massage framework 283 HLTREM2A Provide the Remedial Massage treatment 291 HLTREM3A Plan the Remedial Massage treatment strategy 301 HLTREM4A Apply Remedial Massage assessment framework 311 HLTREM5A Perform Remedial Massage health assessment 317 HLTREM6A Provide the Massage treatment 327 HLTREM7A Plan the Massage treatment 337 HLTREM8A Apply Massage assessment framework 343 HLTREM9A Perform Massage treatment assessment 347 Naturopathy HLTNAT1A Provide the Naturopathic treatment 355 HLTNAT2A Provide the Western Herbal Medicine treatment 363 HLTNAT3A Provide Naturopathic nutritional treatment 371 HLTNAT4A Provide acute Homoeopathic treatment 381 HLTNAT5A Plan the Naturopathic treatment strategy 391 HLTNAT6A Perform Naturopathic health assessment 397 HLTNAT7A Manage work within the Naturopathic framework 407 HLTNAT8A Apply Naturopathic diagnostic framework 415 HLTNAT9A Work within a Naturopathic framework 421 HLTNAT10A Prepare and dispense Western Herbal and nutritional medicine 429 HLTNUT1A Apply literature research findings to clinical nutritional practice 441 HLTNUT2A Provide specialised nutritional care 445 Shiatsu Therapy HLTSHU1A Apply oriental therapies assessment framework 451 HLTSHU2A Apply Shiatsu assessment framework 457 HLTSHU3A Perform Shiatsu health assessment 461 HLTSHU4A Plan the Shiatsu therapy treatment 467 HLTSHU5A Provide oriental therapies treatment 473 HLTSHU6A Provide specific Shiatsu therapy assessment and care 481 HLTSHU7A Provide the Shiatsu treatment 491 HLTSHU8A Work with a Shiatsu framework 499 HLTSHU9A Maintain Shiatsu personal health and awareness and fulfil professional responsibilities 507 HLTSHU10A Perform Shiatsu therapy health assessment 513 HLTSHU11A Apply shiatsu therapy assessment framework 523 Traditional Chinese Medicine Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) HLTTCM1A Apply TCM Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) assessment framework 527 HLTTCM2A Perform TCM Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) health assessment 531 HLTTCM3A Provide the TCM Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) treatment 541 HLTTCM4A Provide traumatology treatment within a TCM Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) framework 549 HLTTCM5A Provide TCM (An Mo Tui Na) treatment specific to the needs of women and children 555 HLTTCM6A Work within a TCM Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) framework 561 HLTTCM7A Plan the TCM Remedial Massage (An Mo Tui Na) treatment strategy 569 Western Herbal Medicine HLTHER1A Apply Western Herbal Medicine diagnostic framework 575 HLTHER2A Manage work within the Western Herbal Medicine framework 581 HLTHER3A Operate a Western Herbal Medicine dispensary 587 HLTHER4A Perform health Western Herbal Medicine assessment 595 HLTHER5A Plan the Western Herbal Medicine treatment strategy 605 HLTHER6A Prepare and dispense Western Herbal Medicine 611 HLTHER7A Provide dietary advice 621 HLTHER8A Provide specialised Western Herbal Medicine treatment 625 HLTHER9A Provide the Western Herbal Medicine treatment 637 HLTHER10A Work within a Western Herbal Medicine framework 645 Dental Assisting HLTDA1A Maintain infection control in dental practice 1 HLTDA2A Follow organisational health and safety policies in dental practice 11 HLTDA3A Prepare for and assist during oral health care procedures 17 HLTDA4A Assist with dental radiography 25 HLTDA5A Maintain and store instruments, equipment, materials and medicaments 31 HLTDA6A Assist in administration in dental practice 37


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HLTDA7A Implement an oral health education program 45 HLTDA8A Assist in oral health care procedures during general anaesthesia 53 HLTDA9A Assist in oral health care procedures during conscious sedation 61 HLTDA10A Apply the principles of radiation biology and protection in dental practice 69 HLTDA11A Prepare to expose a prescribed dental radiographic image 77 HLTDA12A Produce a dental radiographic image 85 Dental Technology HLTDT1A Construct models 1 HLTDT2A Construct custom impression trays 5 HLTDT3A Construct registration rims 9 HLTDT4A Articulate models and transfer records 13 HLTDT5A Arrange artificial teeth for complete dentures 17 HLTDT6A Wax, process and finish acrylic dentures and appliances 21 HLTDT7A Construct immediate dentures 25 HLTDT8A Set up and wax removable partial dentures 29 HLTDT9A Cast metal alloy removable partial denture framework 33 HLTDT10A Construct metal, crown and bridge structures 37 HLTDT11A Join alloy structures 41 HLTDT12A Take tooth shades 43 HLTDT13A Construct ceramic restorations 47 HLTDT14A Construct orthodontic appliances 51 HLTDT15A Construct thermoformed bases and appliances 55 HLTDT16A Construct indirect composite/polymer fixed restorations 59 HLTDT17A Construct oral splints 63 HLTDT18A Repair and modify dentures and appliance 67 Dental Prosthetics HLTDP1A Identify, select and prepare instruments, equipment, materials as required 71 HLTDP2A Gather data and history, conduct dental prosthetic examination and develop treatment plan 75 HLTDP3A Take impressions 81 HLTDP4A Measure and record jaw relationships and select tooth mould 87 HLTDP5A Evaluate a dental prosthesis at try-in stage 91 HLTDP6A Perform maintenance treatment for patients with removable dental prosthesis 95 HLTDP7A Insert and issue a completed dental prosthesis 99 HLTDP8A Insert and issue a protective mouthguard 103 HLTDP9A Manage the delivery of quality patient service 107 General Health Services Delivery Volume 1 Allied Health Assistance HLTAH1A Assist with provision of an Allied Health therapy program 1 HLTAH2A Assist in the application / removal of plaster cast 11 Client/Patient Services Delivery HLTCSD1A Maintain high standard of patient and client services 17 HLTCSD2A Assist with lifestyle and social support needs 25 HLTCSD3A Prepare and maintain beds 33 HLTCSD4A Support the care of clients and/or patients 39 HLTCSD5A Assist with client/patient movement 47 HLTCSD6A Respond effectively to difficult or challenging behaviour 51 HLTCSD7A Care for home environment of clients 55 HLTCSD8A Transport clients/patients 63 HLTMT1A Assist with the provision of a mortuary service 67 Nutrition and Dietetic Support HLTNA1A Provide assistance to nutrition and dietetic services 73 HLTNA2A Plan and evaluate meals and menus to meet recommended dietary guidelines 81 HLTNA3A Plan and/or modify menus according to nutrition dietary plans 89 HLTNA4A Plan meals and menus to meet cultural and religious needs 95 HLTNA5A Support food services in menu or meal order processing 101 Pathology Assistance and Pathology Specimen Collection HLTPAT1A Receive and process pathology specimens 105 HLTPAT2A Assist with microbiology testing 113 HLTPAT3A Transport specimens and blood products 117 HLTPAT4A Collect pathology specimens other than blood 121 HLTPAT5A Operate efficiently within a pathology and specimen collection environment 129 HLTPAT6A Perform blood collection 135 HLTPAT7A Perform Electrocardiograms (ECG) 143 HLTPAT8A Identify and respond to clinical risks associated with pathology specimen collection 149 PMLSAMP301A Receive and prepare a range of samples for pathology testing 155 PMLTEST300A Perform basic tests 163 PMLTEST301A Perform biological laboratory procedures 169


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PMLTEST303A Prepare working solutions 177 PMLTEST304A Prepare Culture Media 183 PMLTEST305A Perform aseptic techniques 191 Hospital and Community Health Pharmacy Assistance HLTPH1A Orientation to hospital pharmacy services and hospital pharmacy assistant practices 199 HLTPH2A Procure and store pharmaceutical products 205 HLTPH3A Distribute pharmaceutical products 213 HLTPH4A Maintain pharmaceutical imprest/ward stock 219 HLTPH5A Assist with Prescription preparation 227 HLTPH6A Package and/or pre-pack pharmaceutical products 235 HLTPH7A Small scale compound/manufacture pharmaceutical products 241 HLTPH8A Maintain the procurement and storage of pharmaceutical products 251 HLTPH9A Maintain the distribution of pharmaceutical products 259 HLTPH10A Prepare batch and extemporaneous product master work sheets and labels 265 HLTPH11A Small scale compound/manufacture aseptic pharmaceutical products 273 Sterilisation Services HLTSTE1A Cleaning of reusable medical devices 283 HLTSTE2A Prepare and pack items 291 HLTSTE3A Sterilise loads 297 HLTSTE4A Control sterile stock 305 HLTSTE5A Provide sterilisation support services 311 Licensed X-ray Operation (non-Radiographer) HLTTEC1A Operate an X-Ray Machine 317 HLTTEC2A Use X-Ray Support Equipment 323 HLTTEC3A Operate an X-Ray Film Processor 329 HLTTEC4A Perform an X-Ray Examination 335 HLTTEC5A Maintain records for x-ray examination 341 Operating Theatre Support HLTTH1A Provide theatre support services 345 HLTTH2A Provide equipment support in an operating theatre environment 351 HLTTH3A Identify and move to maintain a sterile field 357 CHCAC3A Orientation to aged care work 363 CHCAOD1A Introduction to the alcohol and other drugs sector 371 CHCAOD2A Orientation to the alcohol and other drugs sector 375 CHCDIS1A Orientation to disability work 379 CHCMH1A Orientation to work in the mental health sector 385 General Health Services Delivery Volume 2 Food Services HLTFS7A Follow basic food safety practices 1 HLTFS12A Conduct food safety audits 7 HLTFS11A Develop food safety programs 17 HLTFS10A Apply and monitor food safety requirements 27 HLTFS9A Oversee the day-to-day implementation of food safety in the workplace 33 HLTFS8A Transport food 39 HLTGM7A Carry out work in a food handling area 45 HLTFS1A Distribute meals and refreshments to clients 51 HLTFS2A Prepare foods suitable for a range of food service settings 59 HLTFS3A Apply cook freeze production processes 67 HLTFS4A Provide ward or unit-based food preparation and distribution services 73 HLTFS5A Perform kitchenware washing 81 HLTFS6A Carry out cafeteria operation 85 THHBCAT05B Apply cook-chill production processes 89 THHBCC01B Use basic methods of cookery 93 THHBCC02B Prepare appetisers and salads 97 THHBCC00B Prepare sandwiches 101 THHBCC03B Prepare stocks, sauces and soups 105 THHBKA03B Receive and store kitchen supplies 113 THHBKA04B Clean and maintain kitchen premises 117 General Maintenance HLTGM1A Perform routine servicing of plant, equipment and machinery 121 HLTGM2A Use hand and power tools 127 HLTGM3A Perform minor general maintenance 133 HLTGM4A Assist tradespersons with construction and maintenance 141 HLTGM5A Maintain pool environments 147 HLTGM6A Operate and incinerator 153 Miscellaneous Support HLTMS1A Collect and maintain linen stocks at user-locations 159


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HLTMS2A Provide personal laundry service to clients, patients and others 165 HLTMS3A Undertake routine inventory maintenance 171 HLTMS4A Handle and move equipment and goods 177 HLTMS5A Perform general housekeeping to maintain clean environment 183 HLTMS6A Perform general cleaning tasks in a clinical setting 193 HLTMS7A Handle medical gases 203 HLTMS8A Handle waste in a health care environment 209 Laundry Support Services LMTPRGN12A Control Production 217 LMTPRGN15A Coordinate work of team / section 223 LMTPRGN16A Organise and plan own work to achieve planned outcomes 231 LMTPRLA01A Collect, receive and sort product 239 LMTPRLA02A Operate washing machines 245 LMTPRLA03A Control washing machine operation 253 LMTPRLA04A Perform linen rewash 261 LMTPRLA05A Operate hydro extractor 267 LMTPRLA06A Perform conditioning and/or drying process 273 LMTPRLA07A Operate finishing equipment 279 LMTPRLA08A Repair damaged products 285 LMTPRLA09A Inspect, fold and pack theatre linen 291 LMTPRLA10A Prepare products for storage or dispatch 297 LMTPRLA11A Coordinate and process products for storage or dispatch 303 LMTEMGN08A Perform minor maintenance 307 Cleaning Services PRMCL01A Maintain hard floor surfaces 313 PRMCL02A Restore hard floor finish 321 PRMCL03A Replace hard floor finish 329 PRMCL04A Maintain soft floor 337 PRMCL05A Remove stains and spillages from soft floors 341 PRMCL06A Dry foam shampoo carpet to remove in-ground dirt and soil from upper layer 347 PRMCL07A Remove dirt and soil from soft floors or fabric upholstery using a water extraction method 353 PRMCL08A Bonnet buff soft floor to achieve a clean surface appearance 359 PRMCL09A Wash and squeegee glass surfaces to remove all visible dirt and grime 365 PRMCL10A Maintain ceiling surfaces and fittings 371 PRMCL11A Spot clean external surfaces to remove all visible marks 377 PRMCL12A Wash external surfaces to remove all visible dirt and grime 383 PRMCL13A Undertake detail cleaning of window coverings to remove all dirt and grime 389 PRMCL14A Maintain a clean room environment with no traces of visible dust 395 PRMCL15A Maintain furniture and fittings and dress an area or room 399 PRMCL16A Wash furniture and fittings to remove grime 407 PRMCL17A Maintain wet area in an odour free, soil and hazard free condition 413 PRMCL18A Clean a unit or location to achieve a low bacteria condition 421 PRMCL19A Remove waste to maintain a tidy environment/area 429 PRMCL20A Undertake pressure wash to remove excessive or oil based soil 435 PRMCL21A Maintain industrial machinery in a soil free condition 441 PRMCL22A Organise and monitor work to maximise resource effectiveness 447 PRMCL33A Plan for safe and efficient cleaning activities 451 PRMCL35A Maintain a cleaning storage area 455 PRMCL36A Carry out high level cleaning 459 Asset Security PRSSG01A Maintain the security of premises and property 465 PRSSG02A Control access to and exit from premises 473 PRSSG03A Maintain safety of premises and personnel 479 Grounds Maintenance RUHHRT104A Provide turf care 485 RUHHRT107A Provide nursery plant care 489 RUHHRT201A Treat weeds 495 RUHHRT202A Treat pests and diseases 499 RUHHRT206A Operate tractors 505 RUHHRT207A Operate equipment and machinery 511 RUHHRT208A Prune shrubs and small trees 517 RUHHRT212A Apply chemicals and biological agents 521 RUHHRT216A Maintain supplies of chemicals & biological agents 527 RUHHRT225A Maintain drainage systems 531 RUHHRT226A Maintain irrigation systems 535 RUHHRT302A Cultivate turf 543 RUHHRT306A Establish planted area 551 RUHHRT312A Install drainage systems 557


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RUHHRT316A Treat and control weeds 561 RUHHRT317A Control pests and diseases 567 RUHHRT318A Undertake operational maintenance of machinery 571 RUHHRT324A Propagate plants 577 Stores TDTD1097A Operate a Forklift 583 TDTD297A Use Manual Handling Equipment 591 Health Technicians Anaesthetic Technology HLTAN1A Prepare the anaesthetic environment 1 HLTAN2A Prepare and assist with the preparation of the patient for anaesthesia 11 HLTAN3A Provide assistance during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia 21 HLTAN4A Provide assistance during emergence phase of anaesthesia 31 HLTAN5A Provide assistance during an emergency 39 HLTAN6A Provide care and maintenance of anaesthetic and monitoring equipment 47 HLTAN7A Provide assistance in anaesthetic related procedures 55 Audiometry HLTAU1A Conduct screening hearing tests for children 1 HLTAU2A Conduct screening hearing tests for adults 9 HLTAU3A Conduct hearing assessments 17 HLTAU4A Dispense hearing aids for adults 27 Cardiac Technology HLTCA1A Perform electrocardiography (ECG) 1 HLTCA2A Perform holter monitoring 7 HLTCA3A Perform stress testing 15 HLTCA4A Perform basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cardiac testing environment 23 Cast Technology HLTCT1A Apply casts 1 HLTCT2A Modify casts 9 HLTCT3A Remove casts 17 HLTCT4A Apply and remove transaction 25 HLTCT5A Apply orthopaedic devices 33 HLTCT6A Modify orthopaedic devices 41 HLTCT7A Remove orthopaedic devices 49 Hyperbaric Technology HLTHY1A Prepare multi-place hyperbaric chamber 1 HLTHY2A Conduct post compression routines 17 HLTHY4A Implement emergency procedures for hyperbaric chamber 25 HLTHY5A Manage the maintenance of hyperbaric systems 31 HLTHY6A Identify and respond to risks associated with hyperbaric therapy 37 Mortuary Practice HLTMT3A Maintain a mortuary service 1 HLTMT4A Assist with autopsy 11 HLTMT5A Maintain and record tissue sample collection 21 HLTMT6A Maintain, clean and store autopsy equipment 27 HLTMT7A Assist with special autopsy techniques 33 HLTMT8A Assist with forensic autopsy techniques 43 HLTMT9A Assist in the development of procedures for mortuary services 53 HLTMT10A Collect, preserve and store post mortem samples 59 Neurophysiology Technology HLTNE1A Perform electroencephalography (EEG) 1 HLTNE2A Perform evoked potentials (EP) recording 13 HLTNE4A Assist with the performance of nerve conduction studies and electromyogram (ECG) 23 HLTNE5A Provide care and maintenance of neurophysiology equipment 33 HLTNE6A Perform intra-operative neurophysiology monitoring 41 HLTNE7A Perform long term electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring 53 HLTNE8A Perform polysomnographic recording 67 Pathology Specimen Collection HLTPAT9A Perform intravenous cannulation for sample collection 1 HLTPAT10A Collect pathology specimens other than blood for specialised testing 11 HLTPAT11A Perform blood collection for specialised testing 19 HLTPAT12A Collect arterial blood samples 29 HLTPAT13A Assist with pathology procedures 37 HLTPAT14A Perform spirometry/flow volume 45 Prosthetics and Orthotics Technology HLTPO1A Orientation to prosthetics and orthotics 1 HLTPO3A Fabricate upper and lower extremity prostheses 7


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HLTPO4A Fabricate spinal, upper and lower extremity orthoses 15 HLTPO5A Modify footwear 23 HLTPO6A Participate in prosthetic and orthotic service provision 29 MEM1.1FA Undertake interactive workplace communications 35 MEM1.2FA Apply principles of OHS in work environment 41 MEM1.3FA Apply quality procedures 47 MEM1.4FA Plan to undertake a routine task 51 MEM2.1C12A Apply quality systems 57 MEM2.2C11A Organise and analyse information 61 MEM2.3C11B Operate in a work based team environment 65 MEM2.4C11A Assist in the provision of on the job training 69 MEM2.5C11A Measure with graduated devices 73 MEM2.6C10A Plan a complete activity 77 MEM2.7C10A Perform computations – basic 81 MEM2.8C10A Perform computations 85 MEM2.9C10A Perform computer operations 89 MEM4.11AA Produce polymer patterns 93 MEM5.4AB Perform routine oxy acetylene welding 97 MEM5.5AA Carry out mechanical cutting 101 MEM5.6AA Perform brazing and/or silver soldering 105 MEM5.7AB Manual heating and thermal cutting 111 MEM5.49AA Perform routine gas tungsten arc welding 115 MEM5.50AA Perform routine gas metal arc welding 119 MEM6.7AA Perform basic incidental heat/quenching, tempering and annealing 123 MEM7.3AA Setting machines (routine) 127 MEM7.5AA Perform general machining 131 MEM7.24AA Operate and monitor machine/process 137 MEM8.2AA Pre-treat work for subsequent surface coating 141 MEM8.4AA Finish work using wet, dry and vapour methods 145 MEM8.10AA Manually finish/polish materials 149 MEM9.1AA Draw and interpret sketch 153 MEM9.2AA I Interpret technical drawing 157 MEM11.7AA Administer inventory procedures 161 MEM11.11AA Manual handling 165 MEM12.7AA Mark off/out structural fabrications and shapes 169 MEM13.3AA Work safely with industrial chemicals and materials 173 MEM18.1AB Use hand tools 177 MEM18.2AA Use power tools/hand held operations 181 MEM18.3AB Use tools for precision work 187 PMBFIN202B Fit attachments to products 193 PMBFIN203B Repair product imperfections 199 PMBPREP201A Prepare moulds for composites production 205 PMBPREP205B Assemble materials and equipment for production 211 PMBPREP206B Prepare materials to formulate 217 PMBPROD212A Operate thermoforming equipment 233 PMBPROD235B Use materials and process knowledge to complete work operations 231 PMBPROD282A Assemble mould 239 PMBPROD283A Demould product 245 Sleep Technology HLTSL1A Prepare environment for sleep studies 1 HLTSL2A Prepare patient for sleep studies 7 HLTSL3A Perform diagnostic sleep study 15 HLTSL4A Perform a treatment sleep study 23 HLTSL5A Analyse and interpret recording of sleep study 31 HLTSL6A Perform specialised procedures 37 HLTSL7A Provide care and maintenance of sleep study and monitoring equipment 45 HLTSL8A Perform home based assessments for sleep studies 51 Theatre Technology HLTTH4A Provide routine care and handling of equipment within the operating suite 1 HLTTH5A Assist with preparation of patients for operative procedures 9 HLTTH6A Provide intra-operative equipment and technical support 17 Industry and Organisational Requirements and Business Services National Training Package Health and Organisational Industry Requirements HLTHIR1A Work effectively in the health industry 1 HLTHIR2A Contribute to organisational effectiveness in the health industry 9 HLTHIR3A Work effectively with culturally diverse patients, clients, customers and co-workers 17


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HLTHIR4A Work effectively in a cross cultural context with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and organisations 25

HLTHIR5A Provide leadership in promoting effective work practices within the health industry 35 HLTFA1A Apply basic First Aid 41 HLTFA2A Apply advanced First Aid 47 HLTFA3A Maintain First Aid equipment and resources 57 HLTFA4A Manage First Aid policy 61 HLTHSE1A Follow the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies 65 HLTHSE2A Implement and monitor occupational health and safety, policies, procedures and programs 73 HLTHSE3A Establish, maintain and evaluate the organisation’s occupational health and safety system 79 HLTHSE4A Follow safe manual handling practices 91 HLTIN1A Comply with infection control policies and procedures 97 HLTIN2A Maintain infection control standards in office practice settings 103 HLTIN3A Implement and monitor infection control policy and procedures 113 HLTIN4A Manage the control of infection 119 HLTRAH1A Undertake visits to remote communities 127 Business Services BSBADM307A Organise schedules 1 BSBCMN105A Use business equipment 7 BSBCMN202A Organise and complete daily work activities 13 BSBCMN203A Communicate in the workplace 19 BSBCMN204A Work effective with others 25 BSBCMN205A Use business technology 31 BSBCMN206A Process and maintain workplace information 37 BSBCMN208A Deliver a service to customer 43 BSBCMN302A Organise personal work priorities and development 49 BSBCMN305A Organise workplace information 55 BSBCMN306A Produce business documents 63 BSBCMN307A Maintain business records 69 BSBCMN308A Maintain financial records 77 BSBCMN310A Deliver and monitor a service to customers 83 BSBCMN312A Support innovation and change 91 BSBCMN402A Develop work priorities 99 BSBCMN405A Analyse and present research information 107 BSBCMN409A Promote products and services 115 BSBCMN410A Coordinate implementation of customer service strategic 123 BSBCMN412A Promote innovation and change 133 BSBFLM302A Support leadership in the workplace 141 BSBFLM303A Contribute to effective workplace relationships 149 BSBFLM304A Participate in work teams 157 BSBFLM305A Support operational plan 165 BSBFLM309A Support continuous improvement systems and processes 173 BSBFLM402A Show leadership in the workplace 179 BSBFLM403A Manage effective workplace relationships 187 BSBFLM404A Lead work teams 195 BSBFLM405A Implement operational plan 203 BSBFLM406A Implement workplace information systems 211 BSBFLM409A Implement continuous improvement 219 BSBFLM501-BSB511A 227 BSBHR401A Administer human resource systems 309 BSBHR402A Recruit and select personnel 317 BSBMED201A Use basic medical terminology 325 BSBMED301A Use advanced medical terminology 333 BSBMGT505A Ensure a safe workplace 339 BSBMKG407A Make a presentation 347 BSBRKG301A Control records 353 BSXFMI411A Contribute to the development of a workplace learning environment 361 BSZ401A Plan assessment 365 BSZ402A Conduct assessment 375 BSZ403A Review assessment 387 BSZ404A Train small groups 397 BSZ405A Plan and promote a training program 405 BSZ406A Plan a series of training sessions 415 BSZ407A Deliver training sessions 425 BSZ408A Review training 437 Population Health CHCAC3C Orientation to aged care work 21


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CHCAD3A Undertake systems advocacy 29 CHCAD4A Provide advocacy and representation 35 CHCAOD1C Introduction to alcohol and other drugs work 41 CHCAOD2C Orientation to the alcohol and other drugs sector 45 CHCAOD7C Provide needle and syringe services 51 CHCCD1B Support community participation 55 CHCCD2B Provide community education projects 59 CHCCD5C Develop community resources 63 CHCCD6B Establish and develop community organisations 67 CHCCD7B Support community resources 73 CHCCD8B Support community action 79 CHCCD9B Support community leadership 83 CHCCD12D Apply a community development framework 87 CHCCD13C Work within specific communities 93 CHCCD14B Implement a community development strategy 97 CHCCD19A Establish and maintain community, government and business partnerships 103 CHCCH1C Orientation to work in social housing 109 CHCCH25A Introduction to work in social housing 115 CHCCOM1B Communicate with people accessing the services of the organization 119 CHCCOM2B Communicate appropriately with clients and colleagues 123 CHCCOM3C Utilise specialist communication skills to build strong relationships 129 CHCCOM4B Develop, implement and promote effective communication techniques 137 CHCCS403A Provide brief intervention 145 CHCDIS1C Orientation to disability work 153 CHCDIS20A Introduction to disability work 159 CHCGROUP1B Support the activities of existing groups 165 CHCGROUP2C Support group activities 169 CHCGROUP3C Plan and conduct group activities 175 CHCHPROM1A Share health information 179 CHCMH1B Orientation to mental health work 185 CHCNET1C Participate in networks 191 CHCNET2B Maintain effective networks 195 CHCNET3B Develop new networks 199 CHCNET4A Work with other services 203 CHCOHS201A Follow OHS procedures 207 CHCOHS301A Participate in workplace safety procedures 215 CHCOHS401A Implement and monitor OHS policies and procedures for a work place 223 CHCOHS501A Manage workplace OHS management system 231 CHCORG1B Follow the organisation’s policies, procedures and programs 241 CHCORG3B Participate in the work environment 245 CHCORG5B Maintain an effective work environment 251 CHCORG6B Coordinate the work environment 255 CHCORG7B Manage workplace issues 261 CHCORG20B Promote and represent the service 265 CHCORG21B Act as a resource to other services 271 CHCORG22A Contribute to service delivery strategy 275 CHCORG23B Coordinate work 279 CHCORG25B Recruit and coordinate volunteers 287 CHCORG26A Manage a service level agreement 291 CHCORG27A Provide mentoring support to colleagues 295 CHCORG29A Provide coaching and motivation 299 CHCPOL1A Participate in policy development 303 CHCPOL2A Contribute to policy development 307 CHCPOL3A Undertake research activities 313 CHCPOL5A Manage research activities 317 CHCTC2A Undertake telephone counselling 323 CUFWRT04A Write presentation material 329 CUFWRT05A Write content and/or copy 335 CUFWRT08A Write narration 341 CULMS410A Provide research assistance 347 HLTHIR4A Work effectively in a cross cultural context with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and

organisations 353 HLTPOP01A Maintain a Population Health database 363 HLTPOP02A Assess readiness for and effect behaviour change 369 HLTPOP03A Provide information on smoking and smoking cessation 375 HLTPOP04A Provide interventions to clients who are nicotine dependent 381 HLTPOP05A Use media to disseminate information 389 HLTPOP06A Utilise an interpreter 395


xiv

HLTPOP07A Develop Population Health competencies in other people 399 HLTPOP08A Write a grant application 405 HLTPOP09A Identify pest control strategies 413 HLTPOP10A Monitor and maintain dog health in the community 421 HLTPOP11A Identify land care issues as they relate to health 431 HLTPOP12A Develop a plan of action to address land care issues in the community 437 HLTPOP13A Support community processes for the provision of ongoing repairs and maintenance to health

hardware 445 HLTPOP14A Provide basic repairs and maintenance to health hardware and fixtures 449 HLTPOP15A Ensure the provision of functional and durable health hardware items in the home and community 457 HLTPOP16A Monitor and maintain septic or on-site systems 463 HLTPOP17A Monitor and maintain sewerage or effluent systems 469 HLTPOP18A Monitor and maintain water supply 475 HLTPOP19A Conduct testing and interpretation of results of community water supply 481 HLTPOP20A Monitor and maintain rubbish collection and disposal systems 487 HLTPOP21A Assist with monitoring food storage and handling procedures in the community 493 HLTPOP22A Implement a disaster plan 501 HLTPOP23A Develop a disaster plan 505 HLTPOP301A Work effectively in the Population Health sector 511 HLTPOP302A Contribute to working with the community to identify health needs 517 HLTPOP303A Contribute to Population Health project planning 525 HLTPOP304A Contribute to evaluating a Population Health project 531 HLTPOP306A Establish agent of disease transmission and mode of control 541 HLTPOP307A Provide information and support on environmental health issues 553 HLTPOP501A Apply a Population Health framework 559 HLTPOP502A Work with the community to identify health needs 565 HLTPOP503A Plan a Population Health project 573 HLTPOP504A Evaluate a Population Health project 581 HLTPOP505A Build capacity to promote health 587 LGACOM407B Manage finances within a budget 593 LGACOM502A Devise and conduct community consultations 599 LGACOM503B Prepare a budget 607 LGAEHRH502B Implement immunisation programs 615 LGAEHRH506A Monitor premises to minimise the spread of infectious diseases 621 LGAEHRH606A Develop programs to minimise the spread of infectious diseases 627 LGAEHRR501B Implement council’s responsibilities in food safety 633 LGAEHRW505B Implement strategies to minimise the impacts of waste on the environment 645 LGAEHRW507A Plan and coordinate a waste collection/recycling service 653 LGAEHRW601B Conduct waste management audits and assess needs 661 LGAEHRW605A Develop council’s waste management strategy 669 LGAEHRW607A Plan for the controlled disposal and containment of residual waste 675 PSPPM402A Implement projects 679 RTD4802A Develop approaches to include cultural and human diversity 685

Health Training Package Volume 3 of 3: HTP National Competency Standards


1

Introduction to Ambulance National Competency Standards This document contains specific national competency standards relating to Ambulance work. The competency standards form part of the Health Training Package. The Health Training Package has been developed by Community Services and Health Industry Skills Council Ltd with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through the Department of Education Science and Training (DEST). This document must be used in conjunction with the following documents: • Health Training Package Assessment Guidelines • Health Training Package Qualifications Framework • Industry and Organisational Requirements and Business Services National Competency

Standards

The Health Training Package integrates national competency standards, qualifications and assessment guidelines in the following areas:

• Ambulance • General Health Services Delivery

− Health Service Assistance − Health Support Services

• Complementary and Alternative Health Care − Ayurveda − Homoeopathy − Remedial Massage − Naturopathy − Shiatsu Therapy − Traditional Chinese Medicine Remedial Massage − Western Herbal Medicine

• Dental Assisting, Dental Technology and Dental Prosthetics • Health Technician work • Population Health For further information relating to the Health Training Package please contact: For further information relating to the Health Training Package please contact: Community Services and Health Industry Skills Council Ltd GPO Box 9848, Sydney NSW, 2001 Phone 02 9263 3589 Fax 02 9263 3599 [email protected] http://www.cshisc.com.au

Health Training Package Volume 3 of 3: HTP National Competency Standards


2

Ambulance Units of Competency HLTAMBAE1A Enable safe access and egress in an emergency .................................. 1

HLTAMBAE2A Implement specialist access and egress procedures ............................. 7

HLTAMBAE3A Follow procedures for routine safe extrication of patient .................. 13

HLTAMBAE4A Follow procedures for safe extrication of patient in a life threatening

situation .............................................................................................. 17

HLTAMBC1A Receive request for service................................................................. 23

HLTAMBC2A Assign ambulance service resources .................................................. 29

HLTAMBC3A Coordinate resources .......................................................................... 35

HLTAMBCR1A Deliver basic patient care ................................................................... 39

HLTAMBCR2A Deliver standard pre-hospital patient care.......................................... 47

HLTAMBCR3A Deliver intensive pre-hospital patient care ......................................... 55

HLTAMBCR4A Clinical mentoring in the work environment...................................... 63

HLTAMBFC1A Communicate within an ambulance environment .............................. 67

HLTAMBFC2A Communicate in complex or difficult situations ................................ 73

HLTAMBMA1A Manage ambulance operations ........................................................... 79

HLTAMBMA2A Supervise on-road operations ............................................................. 85

HLTAMBPD1A Manage personal stressors in the work environment ........................ 91

HLTAMBSC1A Manage routine scene ......................................................................... 95

HLTAMBSC2A Manage scene of special event ........................................................... 99

HLTAMBSC3A Manage the scene of an emergency.................................................. 103

HLTAMBT1A Transport non-emergency patients ................................................... 109

HLTAMBT2A Transport emergency patients........................................................... 115

PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community ................ 119

PUAOHS003A Implement and monitor the organisation’s occupational health and

safety policies, procedures and programs......................................... 123

PUAOHS004A Establish and maintain the occupational health and safety system . 131

PUAVEH001A Drive vehicles under operational conditions .................................... 137

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBAE1A Enable safe access and egress in an emergency


1

UNIT HLTAMBAE1A Enable safe access and egress in an emergency Unit Descriptor This unit involves implementing procedures to enable safe access to a patient at the scene of a life-threatening incident and then safely removing the patient from the scene.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess emergency situation

in relation to safe access and egress

1.1 Information relevant to the situation is obtained on or before arrival

1.2 Situation is viewed to identify and mitigate dangers according to standard local ambulance procedure

1.3 Condition of patient is assessed 1.4 Obstacles impacting on safe access and egress are

accurately identified 1.5 Access and egress plan is formulated based on an

assessment of all factors associated with the situation or incident in line with State/Territory emergency management arrangements

1.6 Access and egress plan is formulated and prioritised based on the main concerns of patient welfare and safety of all personnel

1.7 Equipment and personnel needs are assessed based on an assessment of all factors associated with the situation or incident

1.8 Equipment and personnel needs are assessed based on patient and personnel welfare as the prime concern

2. Implement procedure to

enable safe access and egress 2.1 Additional personnel and equipment are requested

or arranged as the need dictates 2.2 Access/egress plan is implemented using

equipment and personnel necessary to ensure safe access/egress and patient welfare

2.3 Means of safe access and egress negotiated and maintained according to State and Territory OHS Acts, as well as Service policies and procedures

2.4 Actions are in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedures

2.5 Available resources are utilised as necessary



2

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Monitor access and egress

procedure in an emergency situation

3.1 Safety of patient and personnel is of prime concern

3.2 Progress of access/egress is monitored constantly to ensure welfare of the patient and safety of personnel

3.3 Patient is monitored constantly to detect any change in condition

3.4 All conditions and factors impacting on safe access/egress and patient welfare are monitored constantly

3.5 Access/egress plan is modified as necessary to ensure safety and the welfare of the patient



3

RANGE OF VARIABLES Obstacles affecting access and egress may include, but are not limited to: Modes of transport may include, but are not limited to:

• Road ambulances • Clinic cars • Buses

Physical obstacles:

• Wreckage • Stairs • Debris • Live power • Water • Difficult house layout • Confined space

Atmospheric obstacles: • Weather – aircraft/helicopter evacuation

• Gaseous or toxic environment Geographical obstacles: • Cliffs

• Gullies • Mountains

Human obstacles: • Crowds

• Violent behaviour • Riots

Emergency situation may include but is not limited to:

• Motor vehicle or other accident • Fire • Flood • Other emergency • Emergency procedures may include those

recognised by Service policies i.e. Safety First Principles, Codes of Practice

Equipment to enable safe access and egress may include but is not limited to:

• Spinal and other immobilisation devices • Stretcher • Carry sheet • Lifting equipment



4

EVIDENCE GUIDE Critical aspects of assessment must include:

• Observation of performance in the work environment or a simulated situation

• Development and implementation of access/egress plans under a variety of emergency conditions

• Use of equipment in accordance with manufacturer specifications and standard operating procedures

• Recognition that patient, personnel and bystander welfare is paramount in access and egress procedures

• Observance of OHS requirements Essential knowledge required include:

• Dangers associated with various hazardous situations

• Combating agency for hazard control • State/Territory and local policies and procedures

related to access and egress • OHS policies and procedures relevant to access

and egress • Patient care under these circumstances • Relevant equipment and its uses • Factors which may affect safe access/egress and

patient welfare Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification from patient or other persons at the scene, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to preparing handover reports for receiving agency staff.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with patient and relatives and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds



5

EVIDENCE GUIDE

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure patient welfare and their safe access/egress in an emergency situation

Resource implications: • Access to appropriate workplace or simulation

realistic workplace setting of where assessment can be conducted

• Access to equipment and resources normally used in the workplace

Method of assessment: • Observations

• Questioning • Evidence gathered from the workplace

environment • Demonstration over a period of time to ensure

consistency of performance Context of assessment: Evidence must include observation of performance in

the work environment or in a simulated work setting



6

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBAE2A Implement specialist access and egress procedures


7

UNIT HLTAMBAE2A Implement specialist access and egress procedures Unit Descriptor This unit involves implementing specialised procedures necessary to overcome major obstacles to safe access and egress at the scene of an incident. This unit may or may not require the use of specialised equipment. It refers to situations that stretch the resources and ingenuity of personnel involved to a limit beyond the requirements of routine procedures.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess the

situation/incident 1.1 Situation/incident is assessed taking into account

all factors and obstacles impacting on safe access/egress

1.2 Situation is assessed taking into account the need for specialised knowledge, personnel and/or equipment

1.3 The type of specialised knowledge, personnel and/or equipment is determined in line with the needs of the situation/incident

1.4 The type of specialised knowledge, personnel and/or equipment is determined based on patient care and welfare

2. Implement necessary

procedures to overcome major obstacles and enable safe access and egress

2.1 Specialised knowledge, personnel and/or equipment requested or arranged according to the assessed need

2.2 Access/egress plan is implemented using specialised equipment, personnel and/or knowledge necessary to complete the task and ensure patient welfare

2.3 Means of safe access and egress negotiated and maintained according to State and Territory OHS Acts, as well as Service policies and procedures

2.4 Actions are in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

2.5 Available resources are utilised in any appropriate manner to achieve safe access/egress and patient welfare



8

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Monitor specialised access

and egress procedure 3.1 Access/egress procedure is monitored constantly

to ensure welfare of patient and safety of personnel

3.2 Condition of patient is monitored constantly 3.3 All factors, which might impact on the

effectiveness and safety of the procedure, are monitored constantly

3.4 All reasonable steps are taken and resources used to ensure continued safety and patient welfare

3.5 Access/egress plan modified as necessary 3.6 Additional resources identified and arranged as

necessary to complete procedure



9

RANGE OF VARIABLES Obstacles to safe access and egress may include: Geographical features such as: • Cliff

• Gully • Mountains

Physical obstacles: • Stairway

• Debris • Wreckage • Live power • Water • Difficult house layout • Confined space • Traffic or other vehicles

Atmospheric obstacles: • Weather – aircraft/helicopter evacuation

• Gaseous or toxic environment Procedures necessary to overcome obstacles may include, but are not limited to:

• Removal of wreckage, debris • Use of ropes, pulleys, abseiling • Bush survival techniques

Equipment to enable safe access and egress may include, but are not limited to:

• Spine board • Stretcher • Carry sheet • Lifting equipment • Rescue equipment • Ropes, cutting, climbing equipment

Modes of transport may include, but is not limited to:

• Road ambulances • Clinic cars • Buses



10


• Observation of performance in the work environment or a simulated situation

• Development and implementation of access/egress plans under a variety of conditions requiring specialist equipment and/or procedures

• Proper use of various types of access/egress equipment including specialist equipment, in a variety of situations

• Recognition that patient welfare is paramount in access and egress procedures

• Recognition and observance of OHS requirements • Ingenuity in overcoming difficult access/egress

situations Essential knowledge required includes:

• Dangers associated with various hazardous situations

• State/Territory and local policies and procedures related to access and egress

• OHS policies and procedures relevant to access and egress

• Patient care under these circumstances • Relevant specialist equipment and its uses • Factors which may affect safe access/egress and







11

EVIDENCE GUIDE

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure patient welfare and their safe access/egress using specialised procedures

Resource implications: • Access to appropriate workplace where

assessment can be conducted or simulation of realistic workplace setting for assessment









12

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBAE3A Follow procedures for routine safe extrication of patient


13

UNIT HLTAMBAE3A Follow procedures for routine safe extrication of patient Unit Descriptor This unit involves following procedures to ensure safe extrication of the patient under routine conditions.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess non-emergency

situation in relation to safe extrication of the patient

1.1 Scene is surveyed and condition of patient assessed in relation to procedures necessary for safe extrication of patient

1.2 Extrication plan is formulated based on assessment of all factors affecting the extrication and with patient condition and welfare as the prime concerns

1.3 Additional resources, if required, for safe extrication of patient are identified based on an assessment of the situation

2. Implement procedures for

safe extrication of the patient

2.1 Any resources necessary for the safe extrication of the patient are obtained

2.2 Extrication plan is implemented to ensure safety of personnel and patient welfare

2.3 Means of safe extrication are negotiated and maintained according to State and Territory OHS Acts, as well as service policies and procedures


3. Monitor extrication

procedure 3.1 Extrication procedure is monitored constantly

with reference to needs, condition and safety of the patient and service personnel

3.2 Any factors impacting on safe extraction of the patient and patient welfare are monitored constantly

3.3 Extrication procedure is modified as necessary to ensure ongoing safety of patient and service personnel



14

RANGE OF VARIABLES Modes of transport may include, but are not limited to:

• Road ambulances • Clinic cars • Buses Routine situations may include, but are not limited to, any situation that is non-life threatening

Resources may include, but are not limited to:

• Equipment • Personnel

Procedures may include, but are not limited to:

• Assisting disabled patients • Lifting equipment • Carry chair • Carry sheet • Spine immobilisation equipment



15


• Demonstrated extrication of patients (including disabled patients) under a variety of conditions and situations, including lifting techniques

• The proper use of various types of extrication equipment

• Acknowledgement that the patient’s and crew’s welfare is paramount in extrication procedures

• Acknowledgement and observance of OH&S requirements

Essential knowledge required includes:

• OHS policies and procedures relevant to the extrication of patients

• Patient care under these circumstances • Relevant equipment and its uses • Factors which may affect safe extrication and




• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with patient and relatives and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds.

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure patient welfare during safe routine egress



16

EVIDENCE GUIDE Resource implications: • Access to appropriate workplace where

assessment can be conducted or simulation of realistic workplace setting for assessment





consistency of performance Context of assessment Evidence must include observation of performance in


Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBAE4A Follow procedures for safe extrication of patient in a life threatening situation


17

UNIT HLTAMBAE4A Follow procedures for safe extrication of patient in a life

threatening situation Unit Descriptor This unit involves following procedures to ensure safe extrication of the patient at the scene of an incident that may be life threatening.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess situation in

relation to safe extrication of the patient in a life-threatening situation

1.1 Factors impacting on safe extrication of patient are thoroughly assessed

1.2 Situation is assessed based on the relative importance of extrication as opposed to delivery of immediate patient care

1.3 Situation is assessed to determine the most appropriate extrication procedures based on the estimated time available

1.4 Extrication plan is formulated to best address life-threatening conditions

1.5 Extrication plan is formulated with patient’s condition, crew safety and welfare of paramount importance

1.6 Additional resources needed to implement extrication plan are accurately identified

2. Implement procedures for

safe extrication of the patient in a life-threatening situation

2.1 Additional resources obtained to allow safe and timely extrication of the patient

2.2 Extrication plan is implemented using equipment and personnel necessary to ensure safety and patient welfare

2.3 Extrication procedure is implemented in conjunction with patient care procedures to address life-threatening conditions

2.4 Means of safe extrication negotiated and maintained according to State and Territory Occupational Health and Safety Acts, as well as Service policies and procedures




18

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Monitor extrication

procedure under life-threatening conditions

3.1 Extrication procedure is monitored based on the relative importance of extrication as opposed to the need for immediate patient care

3.2 Extrication procedure is continually monitored to ensure ongoing safety of the patient and personnel

3.3 Extrication procedure is constantly monitored to determine its impact on the condition of the patient

3.4 Extrication procedure is modified as necessary based on assessment of all factors



19

RANGE OF VARIABLES Extrication involves releasing the patient from situations in which they are trapped by their own disability or by injury or external factors. Life-threatening situations are those in which the patient's life is put at risk or further jeopardised by their entrapment. Equipment may include, but is not limited to:

• Spinal immobilisation devices • Stretcher • Carry sheet • Lifting equipment

Additional resources may include, but are not limited to:

• Ambulance personnel and equipment • Specialist knowledge and skills • Support of other related services (police, fire,

rescue)



20


• Demonstrated extrication of patients under a variety of life-threatening conditions and situations

• Situations which cannot be catered for with the use of routinely available equipment and skills

• Correct usage of various types of extrication equipment

• Acknowledgement that the patient’s and crew’s welfare is paramount in extrication procedures

• Acknowledgement and observance of OH&S requirements

Essential knowledge required include:

• Use and availability of a wide variety of extrication equipment

• Availability of a wide variety of extrication skills and knowledge

• Support available from related services and organisations

• OHS policies and procedures relevant to the extrication of patients

• Patient care under these circumstances • Factors which may affect safe extrication and

patient welfare • Extrication procedures and their potential impact

on patient welfare and condition



21

EVIDENCE GUIDE Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)


• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to preparing handover reports for receiving agency staff

• Interpersonal skills required include working with

others, empathy with patient and relatives and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the safe access/egress and patient welfare in a life-threatening situation

Resource implications: • Access to appropriate workplace or simulation of

realistic workplace setting where assessment can be conducted









22

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBC1A Receive request for service


23

UNIT HLTAMBC1A Receive request for service Unit Descriptor This unit involves receiving requests for ambulance services, and transferring the call for action.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Receive request for

service 1.1 Incoming requests for service are answered

promptly in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.2 Details of the situation are established using effective communication skills, techniques and resources, in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.3 Complete details of the request are accurately recorded in a timely and efficient manner and in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.4 Confidentiality is respected at all times 1.5 The request is dealt with in a professional manner at

all times 2. Respond to request for

service 2.1 Urgency of the request is determined using

information gained from the person requesting the service

2.2 The person requesting the service is provided with advice

2.3 A suitable response is formulated and initiated using a prioritising tool in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

3. Refer request 3.1 Any need to refer the request for service is

identified and actioned 3.2 Request referred in line with the situation presented

and in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

4. Finalise request 4.1 Call terminated in accordance with local ambulance

standard operation procedure 4.2 Follow-up action taken as necessary and in

accordance with the needs of the situation, and local ambulance standard operation procedure



24

RANGE OF VARIABLES Details of the situation or incident may include, but are not limited to:

• Address or location of the incident • Address or location of the caller • Caller's telephone number • Nature of the incident ie identification of single

and multiple vehicle accidents, entrapments • Special needs as requested • Validation of caller identity

Requests for service may come from:

• Members of the public • Members of the ambulance service • Other emergency service organisations • Health professionals • Military

Communication resources may include, but are not limited to:

• Telephone • TTY • Computer • Fax • Cards and log sheets • Prepared questionnaires and scripts

Response to situations may include, but is not limited to:

• Providing clinical advice • Referral • Termination of call (in the case of non-genuine

caller) Referral may mean: • Passing the request to another officer, supervisor

or medical adviser • Passing the request to an interpreter • Passing the request to another service • Obtaining information from another officer,

supervisor or medical adviser • Obtaining information from any other source



25

RANGE OF VARIABLES Referral of request may be necessary to:

• Despatch ambulance • Obtain assistance from another service as required

eg police, fire brigade • Obtain assistance from an interpreter • Provide immediate clinical advice



26


• Assessing and dealing with a variety of situations, including: − Life-threatening situations − Non life-threatening situations − Routine situations − Situations that need to be referred − Situations where people have difficulty in

communicating their needs • Demonstrate the ability to illicit relevant

information that may include previous patient history, contributing factors and individual circumstances in assessment of requests for service

Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units:

Pre-requisite units of competency: • First Aid Guideline Unit 2 • BSAMED301A Use advanced medical

terminology in order to communicate with patients, fellow workers and health professionals


• Organisational operational policies and procedures • Use of communications resources • Emergency and non-emergency services and their

function • Working knowledge of the geographical area • Clinical symptoms

Essential skills required include: • Assessment and analysis of clinical symptoms

• Assessment and analysis of patient history, contributing factors and individual circumstances surrounding the incident

• Judgement in all aspects of receiving and dealing with requests for service

• Computer literacy including proficiency in operating prioritising tools

• Keyboarding skills to enable accurate inputting and extraction of data



27

EVIDENCE GUIDE

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification of information from caller, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views. The ability to explain clearly and concisely the nature of the service request, including location of the event, to emergency crews.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from recording information accurately to preparing formal records as required.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with callers, patients and relatives and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds. Ability to work with interpreters as required.

• Problem solving skills required include the ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the most efficient and effective use of resources











28

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBC2A Assign ambulance service resources


29

UNIT HLTAMBC2A Assign ambulance service resources Unit Descriptor This unit involves allocating resources to ensure effective ambulance service.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Allocate ambulance

service resources 1.1 Requests for service are prioritised in accordance

with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.2 Available resources are assessed in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.3 Resources are allocated to emergency, non-emergency and special requests in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

2. Despatch ambulance

service resources 2.1 Situation briefing to assigned personnel is

adequate, clear, timely and accurate 2.2 Communication is recorded according to local

ambulance standard operation procedure 2.3 Ambulance resources are despatched within

timeframes set by the Ambulance Service and in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

3. Monitor progress of

assigned personnel 3.1 Assigned personnel arrival at scene of

incident/situation is confirmed according to co-ordination procedures

3.2 Assigned personnel capacity to deal with the situation/incident is established at earliest opportunity

3.3 Need for additional resources is identified and arranged as needed

3.4 Arrival at receiving facility is arranged and monitored

3.5 Personnel and vehicle availability for re-assignment is noted according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

3.6 Notify peer support/critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) team



30

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 4. Maintain records of

Ambulance Service co-ordination activity

4.1 Records of ambulance vehicle and personnel aredespatch maintained according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

4.2 Records of supplementary resources are summoned and maintained according to local ambulance standard operation procedure



31

RANGE OF VARIABLES Requests may include, but are not limited to:

• Emergency requests • Non-emergency services such as hospital

discharges, hospital transport • Special requests • Multi casualty incidents

Prioritising may include, but is not limited to:

• Nature of request • Source of request • Analysis of available information • Assessed urgency of request presented by on-site

doctor, medical staff or ambulance officer • Based on a sound clinical understanding of the

symptoms presented • Timeframes set by the Ambulance Service

Ambulance service resources may include, but is not limited to:

• Road • Aviation • Maritime

Resource allocation assessed on, but not limited to:

• Location of incident/situation • Specific skill/equipment needs • Availability of resources ie specific skills of

available crew • Local ambulance standard operation procedure

Additional resources may include, but are not limited to:

• Additional ambulance personnel and/or equipment • Other services (fire, police, rescue) • Medical support • Counselling services • Interpreters

Receiving facilities may include, but are not limited to:

• Hospitals • Medical clinics • Nursing homes



32


• Dealing with a variety of situations with variable factors such as: − Nature of incident/request − Extent or severity of incident/request − Skill/knowledge needs − Equipment needs

• Situations where varying incidents/requests must be assessed against available resources and skills


• Local standard ambulance operation procedure • Use of communications equipment and systems • Knowledge of available resources and their

application • Knowledge of other emergency and non-

emergency services and their function Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill includes recording accurately despatch instructions and maintaining records as required.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, liaising with personnel from other emergency services, and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the efficient and effective use of resources

• Ability to prioritise ambulance resources when in receipt of multiple calls for service





33

EVIDENCE GUIDE


Method of assessment: • Observations, questioning and evidence gathered

from the workplace environment • Demonstration over a period of time to ensure





34

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBC3A Coordinate resources


35

UNIT HLTAMBC3A Coordinate resources Unit Descriptor This unit involves supervising service resources to ensure availability of vehicles and personnel.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Co-ordinate vehicle and

personnel resources 1.1 Resource allocation is undertaken in accordance

with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.2 Known factors that may impact on service demand are monitored at all times

1.3 Ambulance service resources locations and commitments are known at all times

2. Liaise with ambulance

communications personnel

2.1 Personnel are given clear information at all times 2.2 Factors affecting resource availability are

communicated to personnel 2.3 Factors affecting resource availability are sought

from other ambulance communications personnel 2.4 Information is documented according to local

ambulance standard operation procedure 2.5 “On scene” communication chain of command is

implemented 3. Liaise with other related

organisations and emergency services

3.1 The need for involvement of other service is identified in a timely manner

3.2 Other service involvement is determined in line with the case need

3.3 Other service is contacted, adequately briefed, and appropriate assistance requested



36

RANGE OF VARIABLES Known factors may include, but is not limited to:

• Organised events (sporting and social) • Demonstrations • Marches • Holidays and festive occasions

Ambulance service resources may include, but are not limited to:


Other emergency services may include, but are not limited to:

• Fire • Police • SES • Voluntary organisations • Utilities • Community services



37


• Dealing with a variety of situations/incidents, including: − Urgent − Non-urgent − Routine − Special

• Evidence must include: − Incidents when the involvement of other

related emergency and non-emergency services is needed

− Incidents involving prolonged entrapment − Incidents when assessment must be made as to

the most appropriate receiving facility − Incidents involving multi-casualties ie large

numbers associated with bus, rail, multi-vehicle accidents

− Incidents when alternative receiving facilities need to be found

− Incidents requiring multi-agency response Essential knowledge required include:

• Standard local ambulance operation procedure • Communications equipment and systems • Available resources and their application • Other emergency and non-emergency services and

their function Essential skills required include: • Computer literacy including keyboarding skills

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification of information from other personnel, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding resource requirements to recording data accurately and maintaining records.



38

EVIDENCE GUIDE

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, relating well with other team members and with personnel from other emergency services

• Problem solving and numeracy skills required include an ability to analyse information, organise available resources and make decisions that ensure the efficient and effective coordination of resources

• Assessment and analysis of potentially multiple emergency and non-emergency situations requiring solutions immediately









Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBCR1A Deliver basic patient care


39

UNIT HLTAMBCR1A Deliver basic patient care Unit Descriptor This unit involves assessing basic patient needs, planning the procedure(s) to be implemented, implementing procedure(s) and monitoring the state of the patient at the level of basic patient care.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Make initial patient

assessment 1.1 Pre-planning is conducted before arrival at

scene based on information communicated in request for service

1.2 Scene survey is conducted according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.3 Primary survey is conducted according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.4 Vital signs are checked and monitored in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.5 History of the event is obtained 1.6 Secondary survey is conducted, incorporating

a systematic physical examination of the whole body

1.7 Chief complaints, including pattern and mechanism of illness or injury are identified as a basis for prioritising treatment

1.8 Patient's medical history is obtained to ensure appropriate treatment is selected

1.9 Determine patient’s potential or actual time criticality versus transport criticality

1.10 Transport requirements and appropriate destination are assessed, considering patient's condition and the type of resources needed to ensure that requirements of urgency and patient care are met

2. Plan basic patient care 2.1 Priorities of care are established based on

initial patient assessment according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

2.2 Contingency plans are developed, based on mechanisms of injury and potential for patient deterioration according to local ambulance standard operation procedure



40

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Implement basic patient

care procedures 3.1 All patient care procedures and drug therapies

are commenced as patient’s presenting condition determines, with reference to local clinical guidelines and pharmacological requirements

3.2 Where the situation or patient’s condition requires treatment that is outside the scope or authority to practise of the attending officer, the need for assistance is recognised and sought immediately

3.3 Ambulance equipment utilised in patient management is correctly operated according to manufacturer/supplier’s instructions and local clinical guidelines

3.4 Patient care techniques are implemented in accordance with infection control procedures and techniques

3.5 Safe lifting and patient handling techniques are used in accordance with OHS requirements and service policy and procedures

4. Monitor basic patient

care and modify as required

4.1 Patient and his/her presenting conditions are re-assessed at appropriate intervals and treatment modified as required according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

4.2 Drug therapy is monitored noting effectiveness of treatment regime and amended according to patient’s condition

4.3 Need for advanced levels of intervention and action is identified and initiated

5. Hand over patient

requiring basic care 5.1 Relevant patient details are documented

according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

5.2 Patient confidentiality is maintained at all times

5.3 Documentation for handover procedures conveys all necessary information

5.4 Information is conveyed appropriately to those individuals involved in ongoing patient care to facilitate understanding and optimise continuing patient care

5.5 Patient care is maintained until responsibility for patient care is taken over by staff of the receiving agency



41

RANGE OF VARIABLES Pre-planning may include, but is not limited to:

• Potential resources required such as equipment, personnel, other services

• Access and egress requirements • Identification of potential safety issues

Scene survey may include, but is not limited to:

• Identification of dangers and hazards • Operational safety • Confirmation of location and initial case details • Determination of access, egress and initial

equipment requirements Primary survey must include, but is not limited to:

• Dangers • Response • Airway • Breathing • Circulation

Vital signs may include, but are not limited to:

• Conscious state assessment eg Glasgow Coma Score, AVPU - alert, voice, pain, unconscious

• Respiratory status assessment, eg rate, rhythm, effort and breath sounds

• Perfusion status assessment, eg pulse, blood pressure, capillary refill and skin

Secondary survey may include, but is not limited to:

• Systematic head to toe physical body examination

• Assessment of time criticality as indicated by physiological status or pattern and mechanism of injury

History of event includes present history and may be elicited from:

• Patient • Bystanders • Primary carers • Medical personnel • Medi-alert bracelet • Evidence at the scene

Patient history includes: • Pre-existing conditions



42

RANGE OF VARIABLES • Allergies • Current medication or treatment

Situation involves a patient in need and may include, but is not limited to:

• Transfer of patient with pre-diagnosed illness or injury

• Transfer of patient with sudden undiagnosed illness or injury

• Management of patient in trauma or with undiagnosed illness

Mode of transport is selected for its availability and potential to provide the means of mobile care most suited to the needs of the patient and may include, but is not limited to:

• Road ambulances • Clinic cars • Rescue or retrieval units • Fixed and rotary wing aircraft • Water-borne craft • Four wheel drive vehicle

Patient management will need to take into account for:

• Location and nature of incident • Environmental conditions • Number of casualties and potential casualties • Use and availability of ambulance equipment and

pharmaceuticals Drug therapy used in the treatment of a patient’s condition may include, but is not limited to:

• Basic pharmacological agents for management of bronchospasm, pain (medical including cardiac) trauma and hypoglycaemia

• Other medications as indicated by local ambulance clinical guidelines

Techniques expected to be utilised where patient’s condition indicates they would be of some benefit include but are not limited to:

• Airway management ie manual airway techniques, oropharyngeal airway and suction

• Shock Advisory External Defibrillation (SAED)

• Intramuscular injections • Traction and other types of splinting

Non-verbal cues may include, but are not limited to:

• Posturing • Gait • Anxiety



43

RANGE OF VARIABLES Types of documentation may include, but are not limited to:

• Incident reports • Handover reports • Case management material

Persons authorised to receive confidential information may include, but are not limited to:

• Medical personnel at hospitals and surgeries • Police Officers • Legal practitioners • Others, where approved as acting in the best

interests of the patient Reports may be:

• Verbal (oral or written) • Non-verbal (with gestures)

Acts and regulations are those specified in each State/Territory that relate to:

• Confidentiality • Freedom of information

Policy and procedures are service policies and procedures that relate to:

• Documentation • Reporting of patient medical information



44


• Correct use of approved documents • Correct documentation of patient and incident

details • Interaction with receiving facility personnel • The initial patient assessment used to detect

and correct any immediate life threatening conditions This must include primary survey of: − Danger − Response − Airway − Breathing − Circulation

• Accurate completion of all documentation and supplying all relevant patient information to receiving facility staff under a variety of conditions and circumstances


• Basic physiology and anatomy • Procedures and equipment used for Basic Life

Support, as specified within authorised limits defined by legal requirements and service policies

• Receiving facility requirements or how to access these requirements

• Function of documentation being provided Essential skills required includes:

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification from patient or other persons at the scene, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports, case management materials and manufacturers’ specifications for the use of materials and equipment, to preparing handover reports to



45

EVIDENCE GUIDE receiving agency staff.


• Clinical problem solving process as it applies to basic patient care

• Skills in implementing basic procedures • Collection and documentation of relevant

information Resource implications:

• Access to appropriate workplace or simulation of realistic workplace setting where assessment can be conducted


Method of assessment: • Observations, questioning and evidence

gathered from the workplace environment • Demonstration over a period of time to ensure

consistency of performance Context of assessment:

Evidence must include observation of performance in the work environment or in a simulating work setting



46

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBCR2A Deliver standard pre-hospital patient care


47

UNIT HLTAMBCR2A Deliver standard pre-hospital patient care Unit Descriptor This unit involves delivering ‘standard’ patient care in the pre-hospital (or equivalent) environment by assessing the needs of the patient, planning and administering procedures, and monitoring the state of the patient.

ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess patient needs,

including non-obvious clinical needs

1.1 Patient assessment includes advanced primary, vital sign and secondary surveys, including non-obvious clinical signs, using applied clinical knowledge

1.2 Patient assessment includes consideration of psychosocial, developmental and cultural considerations

1.3 Assessment is based on a demonstrable and clearly thought out series of problem solving steps or linkages

1.4 Information that contributes to the assessment is collected and analysed

1.5 Main complaints are identified as a basis for systematic prioritised treatment

1.6 Patient's medical history is referred to in the selection of treatment procedure

2. Use information to make a

judgement about standard pre-hospital patient care

2.1 Systematic evaluation of patient assessment used to interpret and make judgements regarding patient care requirements

2.2 Judgement is in line with evidence-based practice and local clinical practice guidelines

2.3 Judgment, which forms the basis on which treatment is planned, can be reasonably justified in terms of the information available at the time

3. Plan standard pre-hospital

patient care 3.1 Priorities of care are established based on assessed

patient needs and overall assessment of the scene 3.2 Mechanisms of injury and potential for patient

deterioration are recognised 3.3 Contingency plans are developed, based on

mechanisms of injury and potential for patient deterioration

3.4 Patient management plan is established, based on



48

ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

primary and secondary survey, patient history, assessment of the scene and factors related to distance from hospital/medical care


4. Implement standard pre-

hospital patient care procedures

4.1 All care and treatment procedures are implemented to the level of expertise and authority to practice of the individual within the limits of the local ambulance clinical practice guidelines

4.2 All patient care procedures and drug therapies are commenced as patient’s presenting condition determines, with reference to local clinical guidelines and pharmacological requirements

4.3 Where the situation or patient’s condition requires treatment that is outside the scope or authority to practise of the attending officer, the need for assistance is recognised and sought immediately

4.4 Patient care techniques are implemented in accordance with infection control procedures and techniques

4.5 Safe lifting and patient handling techniques are used in accordance with OHS requirements and service policies and procedures

5. Monitor standard pre-

hospital patient care and modify as require

5.1 All aspects of patient's condition including vital signs are monitored at appropriate intervals to establish trends

5.2 Potential effects on patient's condition of procedures implemented are assessed


5.4 Changes in patient's condition are recognised and management is adapted according to the scope or authority to practise of the attending officer, the need for assistance is recognised and sought immediately

5.5 Where the situation or patient's condition requires treatment that is outside the scope or authority to practise of the attending officer, the need for assistance is recognised and sought immediately



49

ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 6. Hand over patient requiring

standard patient care 6.1 Relevant patient details are documented according

to local ambulance standard operation procedure 6.2 Patient confidentiality is maintained at all times 6.3 Documentation for handover procedures conveys

all necessary information 6.4 Information is conveyed appropriately to those

individuals involved in ongoing patient care to facilitate understanding and optimise continuing patient care




50

RANGE OF VARIABLES Primary survey must include, but is not limited to:

• Dangers • Response • Airway • Breathing • Circulation

Vital signs may include, but are not limited to:

• Conscious state assessment eg Glasgow Coma Score, AVPU-alert, voice, pain, unconscious

• Respiratory status assessment eg rate, rhythm, effort and breath sounds

• Perfusion status assessment eg pulse, blood pressure, capillary refill and skin

Secondary survey may include, but is not limited to:

• Systematic head to toe physical body examination

• Assessment of time criticality as indicated by physiological status or pattern and mechanism of injury

Patient history includes: • Pre-existing conditions

• Allergies • Current medication or treatment Treatment may include, but is not limited to those procedures approved by the Australian Resuscitation Council to the level of Advanced Life Support and within any limits defined according to service policies and procedures

Situation involves a patient in need and may include, but is not limited to:




Drug therapy used in the treatment of a patient’s condition may include, but is not limited to:

• Standard pharmacological agents for the management of anaphylaxis, continuous recurrent seizures, narcotic overdose

• Other medications as indicated by local ambulance clinical guidelines



51

RANGE OF VARIABLES Techniques, where patient’s condition indicates they would be of some benefit, may include, but are not limited to:

• Airway management eg nasopharyneal airway, laryngeal mask airway, and laryngoscopy and magill forceps

• Cardiac dysrhythmia interpretation and manual direct current counter shock

• Other techniques as indicated by local ambulance clinical guidelines

Reports may be verbal (oral or written) or non-verbal (with gestures), and types of documentation may include, but is not limited to:



• Medical personnel at hospitals and surgeries • Police Officers • Legal practitioners • Others, where approved as acting in the best

interests of the patient Acts and regulations are those specified in each State/Territory that relate to:



• Documentation • Reporting of patient medical information



52


• Observation in the work environment or simulation

• Patient assessment and implementation of procedures needed for patient care under a variety of conditions and circumstances

• Clear explanations of reasons for intervention, basis for assessment, problems encountered and solutions found

• Accurate completion of all documentation and supplying all relevant patient information to receiving facility staff under a variety of conditions and circumstances, including routine, non-routine and emergency

Observation must include • Correct use of approved documents

• Correct documentation of patient and incident details

• Interaction with receiving facility personnel Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units:

• Care I – Deliver Basic Patient Care is a pre-requisite for this unit

Essential knowledge required in addition to basic knowledge of primary, vital sign and secondary survey:

• Broad knowledge of anatomy and physiology including basic electro-physiology

• Protocols and ambulance equipment • Service policies for standard patient care • Knowledge of pharmacology and physiology to

support approved protocols • Understanding of patient psychology • Significance of assessment findings • Knowledge of pathophysiology of disease

process • Receiving facility requirements or how to

access these requirements • Relevant legal and industrial requirements • Service administrative policies and procedures • Function of documentation being provided

Underpinning communication skills include:

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral



53

EVIDENCE GUIDE communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification from patient or other persons at the scene, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports, case management materials and manufacturers’ specifications for the use of materials and equipment, to preparing handover reports for receiving agency staff.


• Clinical problem solving processes as they apply to standard patient care


of realistic workplace setting where assessment can be conducted








54

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBCR3A Deliver intensive pre-hospital patient care


55

UNIT HLTAMBCR3A Deliver intensive pre-hospital patient care Unit Descriptor This Unit involves delivering pre-hospital patient care at a specialised level, by assessing specialised needs of a patient, planning and administering procedures, and monitoring the state of the patient.

ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess need for

specialised intervention 1.1 Patient is assessed on the basis of a high level

of clinical knowledge and a high level of contemporary clinical evidence based practice

1.2 Assessment of the need for specialised intervention is based on a demonstrable and clearly thought out series of problem solving steps or linkages

1.3 Patient assessment process can be analysed and explained when subject to clinical audit

2. Analyse information

from clinical assessment to make a judgement about specialised pre-hospital patient care

2.1 Systematic evaluation of patient assessment used to interpret and make judgements regarding specialised patient care requirements

2.2 Judgement is in line with high level contemporary evidence based practice and local clinical practice guidelines

2.3 The judgment, which forms the basis on which specialised treatment is planned, can be reasonably justified in terms of the information available at the time

3. Plan specialised pre-

hospital patient care 3.1 Priorities of care are established based on

assessment of the total scene and drawing on specialised knowledge and experience

3.2 Mechanisms of injury and potential for patient deterioration are recognised and interpreted in conjunction with a broad range of factors inherent in patient's condition, environment and potential impact of procedures or movement

3.3 Contingency plans are developed, based on mechanisms of injury and potential for patient deterioration



56

ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

3.4 Patient management plan is established, based on analysis of the scene and the patient and drawing on high level clinical knowledge


4. Implement procedures

for specialised pre-hospital patient care

4.1 All patient care procedures and drug therapies are commenced as patient’s presenting condition determines, with reference to local clinical guidelines and pharmacological requirements

4.2 All actions are in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure and clinical guidelines

4.3 Designated medical authorities are consulted and collaborated with as required

5. Monitor specialised pre-

hospital patient care and modify as required

5.1 All aspects of patient's condition including vital signs are monitored at appropriate intervals to establish trends in terms of specialised procedures, interventions or knowledge

5.2 Potential effects on patient's condition of procedures implemented are assessed


5.4 Changes in patient's condition are recognised and management is adapted according to the scope or authority to practise of the attending officer the need for assistance is recognised and sought immediately

5.5 Where the situation or patient's condition requires treatment that is outside the scope or authority to practise of the attending officer

5.6 Treatment is maintained and/or modified, according to patient need as determined by the re-assessment process



57

ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 6. Hand over patient

requiring specialised care

6.1 Relevant patient details are documented according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

6.2 Patient confidentiality is maintained at all times

6.3 Documentation for handover procedures conveys all necessary information

6.4 Information is conveyed appropriately to those individuals involved in ongoing patient care to facilitate understanding and optimise continuing patient care




58

RANGE OF VARIABLES Treatment may include, but is not limited to those procedures approved for specialised patient care based upon service policies and procedures and assessment of the knowledge and understanding of the officer involved. Situation involves a patient in need and may include, but is not limited to:




Mechanism of injury is obtained from a detailed description of what specifically happened physically to the patient during an incident, for example:

• High speed vehicle accidents • Falls • Being struck by a vehicle • Being thrown from a moving vehicle • Penetrating injury eg gunshot, stabbing • Electrocution

Drug therapy used in the treatment of a patient’s condition may include:

• Advanced pharmacological agents for the management of cardiac arrest, cardiac dysrhythmias, pain relief, airway management, hypoglycaemia, hypovolaemia and sedation

Techniques which patient’s condition indicates would be of some benefit, may include, but are not limited to:

• Airway management eg endotracheal intubation • Intravenous and intraosseous cannulation • Tension pneumothorax decompression • Other techniques as indicated by local ambulance

clinical guidelines Reports may be verbal (oral or written) or non-verbal (with gestures), and types of documentation may include, but are not limited to:



• Medical personnel at hospitals and surgeries • Police officers • Legal practitioners



59

RANGE OF VARIABLES Other acts and regulations are those specified in each State/Territory that relate to:



• Documentation • Reporting of patient medical information, where

approved as acting in the best interests of the patient



60

EVIDENCE GUIDE Critical aspects of evidence must include:


• Assessment of patient and implementation of procedures need for patient care under a variety of conditions and circumstances

• Demonstrated capacity to take into account subtle factors affecting the patients condition, from a broad range of areas

• Application of judgement based on knowledge • Accurate completion of all documentation and

supplying all relevant patient information to receiving facility staff under a variety of conditions and circumstances, including routine, non-routine and emergency

• Observation must include: − Correct use of approved documents − Correct documentation of patient and

incident details − Interaction with receiving facility personnel


• Care 2 – Deliver standard pre-hospital patient care is a pre-requisite for this unit

Essential knowledge required in addition to basic knowledge of primary, vital sign and secondary survey:

• Detailed knowledge to enable accurate judgement and delivery of specialised patient care in the field of emergency pre-hospital care

• Pathophysiology of disease processes at a higher level than required for standard patient care

• Procedures and equipment in accordance with service policies relating to specialised patient care

• Anatomy and physiology including advanced electro-physiology

• Pharmacology to support approved protocols • Physiology to support approved protocols • Patient psychology related to trauma • Receiving facility requirements or how to access

these requirements • Function of documentation being provided



61

EVIDENCE GUIDE Essential skills include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)


• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports, case management materials and manufacturers’ specifications for the use of materials and equipment, to preparing handover reports for receiving agency staff.


• Clinical problem solving process as it applies to specialised patient care











62

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBFCR4A Clinical mentoring in the work environment


63

UNIT HLTAMBCR4A Clinical mentoring in the work environment Unit Descriptor This unit describes the clinical mentoring of patient care in the work environment, to ensure optimal delivery of patient care by another person. Competency involved in this unit relates to clinical supervision of care rather than to level of care. This unit offers a potential workplace training pathway and could be undertaken in conjunction with Workplace Training Assessment units of Competency.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Facilitate and mentor the

delivery of appropriate patient care

1.1 Provide appropriate advice and/or support to treating officer or other person

1.2 Facilitate clinical discussions about the case 1.3 Encourage opportunities for self-audit of clinical

care and identification of further training needs 1.4 Document and communicate feedback directly to

treating officer or other person 2. Oversee welfare of

ambulance personnel 2.1 Adequate measures are taken to protect the

physical and psychological well being of personnel

2.2 Appropriate rostering of junior officers and adequate educational follow-up is made available to ensure the future delivery of the required competencies



64

RANGE OF VARIABLES Clinical mentoring applies to levels of patient care within the competencies and authorisation of the officer, based upon service policies and procedures, and assessment of the knowledge and understanding of the officer involved. On-job mentoring may include, but is not limited to:

• Clinical leadership • Post-case debrief • Planned continuing education programs • Ongoing welfare surveillance of officers



65


• Observation in the work environment or in a simulated work setting

• On-site supervision as part of an ongoing audited quality assurance system

• Application of relevant local ambulance standard operation procedure


• Care 1 - Deliver Basic Patient Care is a pre-requisite for this unit

Essential knowledge: • Clinical knowledge base exceeding that of

supervised officers • Mentoring and coaching techniques

Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, mentoring and coaching, seeking clarification of information, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to preparing feedback reports.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with ambulance personnel and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds






66

EVIDENCE GUIDE Method of assessment: • Observations





Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBFC1A Communicate within an ambulance environment


67

UNIT HLTAMBFC1A Communicate within an ambulance environment Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills required to exercise effective communication skills within the Ambulance industry. This unit is based upon CHCCOM2A – Communicate Appropriately with Clients and Colleagues. Demonstration of competency in this unit will also grant competency in CHCCOM2A.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Exercise effective

communication techniques

1.1 Verbal and non-verbal communication is used constructively to achieve planned work outcomes

1.2 All forms of communication with clients and colleagues reflect an understanding and respect for individual differences and needs

1.3 Self-introduction occurs appropriately when required

1.4 Interviewing and active listening techniques are used where needed to identify and confirm work requirements

1.5 Communication is clear and relevant to situation, context and activities undertaken

1.6 Touch and other non-verbal means of communication are used prudently, carefully and only as appropriate

1.7 Advice about communication difficulties with clients or colleagues is sought and obtained from supervisor/appropriate person and implemented as required

1.8 Advice and assistance is sought from legitimate sources as and when appropriate to maintain and develop effective communication skills

1.9 Own style is adjusted to incorporate advice that addresses performance issues to maintain the agreed standard of effective communication

2. Convey and receive

information using available modes of communication

2.1 Communication codes and equipment are used correctly

2.2 Information received is acknowledged and/or clarified using active listening



68

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Follow routine

instructions 3.1 Workplace instructions are interpreted correctly

and carried out within agreed time frames 3.2 Clarification of work instructions is sought when

required to ensure understanding 3.3 Difficulties in carrying out instructions are

referred to supervisor or appropriate person to ensure required work outcomes

4. Communicate with

patients 4.1 Rapport is established through open, sensitive

and confident manner 4.2 Patient (or agent of patient) is informed about

patient care procedures in a manner, and at a time consistent with the overall needs of the patient and situation as a whole

4.3 Information is obtained from patient or others showing the firmness, sensitivity and respect for confidentiality demanded by the situation

4.4 Interaction recognises and respects religious, social and cultural differences between individuals that may require special communication skills or patient care procedures

5. Complete reports as

required 5.1 Reports are completed as required to the standard

expected in the workplace 5.2 Reports are completed correctly within identified

time frames 5.3 Reports are clear and accurate

6. Present a positive image

of the service to the public

6.1 Communication with the public is conducted in a courteous manner and respecting privacy

6.2 Standards of personal presentation are appropriate to the organisation



69

RANGE OF VARIABLES Individual differences and needs may include:

• Developmental • Cultural • Physical • Emotional • Behavioural • Intellectual

Communication includes: • All verbal and non-verbal interaction with clients

and colleagues in a range of appropriate interpersonal contexts

Communicating effectively will be carried out within requirements established by:

• Anti discrimination legislation • Accepted cultural protocols • Accepted language protocols and systems • Informing patients of procedures that may be

conducted before, during or after treatment Exercising effective communication skills includes

• Being non judgmental • Active listening • Using culturally appropriate communication

methods • Non-verbal behaviour to indicate understanding of

what is being said • Clarifying what is said • Responses that are culturally appropriate • Participating constructively in group processes

Appropriate persons may be from within or outside the organisations and may be:

• Colleagues • Immediate supervisor/s • Other health workers • Consultants

Communication equipment may include, but is not limited to:

• Radio • Telephone • Computer • Fax • Pager • Mobile data terminal



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Procedures, according to the judgement of the ambulance officer, with due regard to:

• Life threatening conditions • Duty of care • Contract of care • Medico-legal implications • Nature of illness/injury

Instructions may include: • Manufacturer/operating written instructions

• Work unit guidelines, procedures and protocols including OHS procedures and protocols for using interpreters

• Supervisor or management instructions • Instructions may be:

− Written − Verbal

Reports may be verbal or written and may include:

• Notes • Records • Memos • Letters • Client records • Verbal ‘hand overs’ at the end of a shift



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• Using a range of communication methods used in the workplace eg oral, written notes, memos, letters, charts, diagrams

• Communicating with both clients and colleagues in a representative range of workplace situations


• Referral processes of organisation • Effect of sensory loss and cognitive impairment • Relevant guidelines and procedures, and a range

of written information relevant to the job role Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include interviewing techniques, asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification from patient or other persons at the scene, verbal and non-verbal communication, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports, routine instructions, and case management materials to preparing handover reports for receiving agency staff.







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EVIDENCE GUIDE Method of assessment: • Observations





Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBFC2A Communicate in complex or difficult situation


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UNIT HLTAMBFC2A Communicate in complex or difficult situations Unit Descriptor This Unit involves communication where there are special difficulties in conveying or receiving information in the context of providing ambulance services. This unit includes conveying complex information (eg to members of allied medical, paramedical or emergency services), communication with patients, bystanders or members of the public where there is a language, social, cultural or religious barrier or physical handicap and communication in situations where there is an obstructive emotional disturbance.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Convey complex

information 1.1 Information is conveyed clearly and accurately 1.2 Recipient’s understanding of the information is

monitored and the mode of communication is adjusted according to the needs of the situation

1.3 Interaction is consistent with the urgency of the situation presented and in accordance with standard local ambulance operation procedure

2. Communicate with allied

non-service personnel 2.1 Information is conveyed clearly and readily

clarified when necessary 2.2 Ambulance requirements are communicated

clearly and in a manner that reflects an appropriate level of authority

2.3 Direction, advice and assistance is sought when required and followed as appropriate to the situation

2.4 Information conveyed is timely and in accordance with the needs of the situation

2.5 Difficulties in communication are recognised and resolved using appropriate communication skills and techniques

2.6 Role and authority of allied personnel is clarified and respected

3. Overcome barriers to

communication 3.1 Barriers to effective communication are detected

by continuous monitoring of the situation 3.2 Situation needs are identified, clarified and

confirmed using appropriate communication skills and techniques

3.3 Actions are in accordance with relevant local ambulance standard operation procedure



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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3.4 Discretion and confidentiality are observed and

members of the public are treated with respect at all times

3.5 Individual situations/problems are treated in a caring but firm manner combining sensitivity and openness with a confident, reassuring manner

3.6 Interaction is consistent with the urgency of the situation presented and in accordance with Service policy and procedures

3.7 Conflict (and potential for conflict) is dealt with in a manner that prevents escalation



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Religious, social and cultural differences are those that may influence the administration of patient care and general welfare of the patient. These values are identified and assessed in terms of their importance to the patient, based on the judgement of the ambulance personnel. Methods of communication may include, but are not limited to:

• Oral and written communication • Use of interpreters • Sign language • Use of personnel with special communication

skills Written and oral communication should:

• Avoid unnecessary jargon • Conform with service policy and procedures • Focus on the receiver's needs • Keep stakeholders informed

Oral communication may include, but is not limited to:

• Answering requests and enquiries • Questioning, clarifying and confirming

information • Conveying instructions, descriptions and

explanations • Consulting and advising

Written communication may include, but is not limited to:

• Reports • Patient care documentation • Correspondence


• Radio • Telephone • Computer • Fax • Pager • Mobile data terminal

Barriers to effective communication may include, but

• Language difficulties • Differing terminology/jargon



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are not limited to: • Hearing difficulties • Speech impediments • Religious, social or cultural factors • Emotional state

Complex information may include, but is not limited to:

• Patient condition and implications • Ambulance requirements • Ambulance equipment • Incident history • Emergency procedures • Human resources requirements



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• Observation of performance in the work environment or in a simulated work setting

• Observation must include: − communication under pressure − interpersonal interaction in a variety of

complex or difficult work situations − communication relating to standard pre-

hospital patient care Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units:

• FC1 - Communicate within an ambulance environment is a pre-requisite for this unit


• Standard local ambulance operation procedure • Operation of communication equipment • Service communication codes and systems


required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Advanced oral communication skills include interviewing techniques, asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification from patient or other persons at the scene, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views. The work may involve using interpreters.


• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with patient and relatives, using sensitivity when dealing with people and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use tools and techniques to solve problems, analyse information and make decisions that require discretion and confidentiality



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Resource implications: • Access to appropriate workplace or simulation of realistic workplace setting where assessment can be conducted







Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBMA1A Manage ambulance operations


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UNIT HLTAMBMA1A Manage ambulance operations Unit Descriptor This unit involves management of ambulance operations, for example, supervision of an ambulance station.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Maintain operations to

meet quality standards 1.1 Supplies necessary for operations are

available and meet Service requirements 1.2 Operations within the area of responsibility

meet service delivery specifications 1.3 Information and advice given to staff,

members of the public and related organisations is accurate, in line with Service policy and within the manager's area of responsibility

1.4 Operational information is communicated to the appropriate people in a manner, at a level and at a pace to promote understanding

1.5 Systems to monitor quality, time and cost specifications for service provided are fully and correctly implemented and maintained

1.6 Factors, which may disrupt operations, are recognised and appropriate action taken to minimise their effects

1.7 Complete and accurate records of operations in the manager's area of responsibility are maintained in accordance with Service policies and procedures

1.8 Recommendations for improving efficiency of operations and quality of service are promptly communicated to the appropriate people

1.9 Operations are in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

2. Create and maintain

conditions conducive to productive work and quality service

2.1 The work environment is as conducive to work activity as possible

2.2 A sufficient supply of resources is established and maintained to meet community needs

2.3 Staff working conditions and use of resources satisfy current legislation and Service guidelines

2.4 Maintenance frequency and the use of equipment conform to Service standards,



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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

schedules and procedures 2.5 Where resources do not meet requirements,

the matter is referred to the appropriate person/s

2.6 Workplace accidents and incidents are reported promptly to the appropriate person/s and recorded as required

2.7 Recommendations for improving conditions are promptly referred to the appropriate person/s

2.8 All necessary records are complete, accurate and legible and available to authorised person/s when required

2.9 Records are reviewed to ensure completeness and accuracy, in accordance with service policy

3. Monitor and control the

use of resources 3.1 Expenditure is within agreed budgets, does

not compromise future spending requirements and conforms to Service procedures

3.2 The contribution each team member can make to control of resources is communicated effectively

3.3 Records of expenditure are complete, accurate and legible

3.4 Prompt corrective action is taken in response to actual or potential significant deviations from plans

3.5 Requests for expenditure outside the officer/manager's responsibility are promptly referred to the appropriate person/s



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Operations include all those activities under the responsibility of the Officer. Sources of supply include: • External organisations

• Internal departments/teams Supplies include: • Material supplies

• Equipment/technology • Financial • Information • Sub-contracted/consulting/voluntary personnel

Specifications relate to: • Service delivery

• Operational requirements for meeting quality standards

• Specific functional duties within the organisation

Quality assurance is achieved through systems that are both formal and informal.

Factors which disrupt operations are those affecting:

• Service delivery • Operational resources • Quality of service Corrective actions are consistent with Service policy and within budgetary constraints.

Conditions are those relating to: • Work environment

• Equipment/technology • Hours worked

The Officer is legally responsible under the requirements of:

• OHS legislation • Industrial award, Ethnic Affairs Policy

Statement and Equal Employment Opportunity legislation

• State multi-casualty plans • Other relevant legislation or requirements



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• Observation of performance in the work environment or a simulation


• Sound clinical knowledge • Resource requirements • Service policies and procedures • Relevant legislation and industrial guidelines • Budgets and finance management • Record-keeping

Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language

competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, presentation skills, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to preparing reports for senior management.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that maximise the effective management of ambulance operations





• Questioning



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EVIDENCE GUIDE

• Evidence gathered from the workplace environment

• Demonstration over a period of time to ensure consistency of performance

Context of assessment: Evidence must include observation of performance in

the work environment or simulation



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Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBMA2A Supervise on-road operations


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UNIT HLTAMBMA2A Supervise on-road operations Unit Descriptor This unit involves day-to-day supervision of ambulance operations, excluding patient care.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Oversee communication 1.1 Communication techniques and procedures

are supervised to ensure they are consistent with Acts, regulations, Service policy and procedure

1.2 Communication with control centre is supervised to ensure that it is established and maintained

1.3 Notification of receiving facility is supervised to ensure that local policies and procedures are adhered to

2. Oversee vehicle and

equipment preparation, cleaning and checking

2.1 Vehicle and equipment is maintained in a clean and serviceable condition according to legal/industrial requirements and Service policy and procedures

2.2 Vehicle operating stock is maintained to acceptable minimum and maximum levels

3. Supervise transport of

patients 3.1 Transportation of patients is supervised to

ensure they are transported safely and smoothly to avoid further damage or injury

3.2 Driving is supervised to ensure hazards are recognised and negotiated safely

3.3 Driving of vehicle is supervised to ensure that legal and industrial requirements governing emergency vehicles are adhered to

3.4 Supervision is provided to ensure route is chosen appropriately according to distance, time constraints, travel and terrain

3.5 Supervision is provided to ensure that road map is read accurately and quickly, as required

3.6 Communication between driver and patient care officer is supervised to ensure safe transport and effective patient care



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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 4. Oversee scene

management 4.1 Safety of scene is ensured in accordance with

legal, industrial and Service guidelines 4.2 Control of hazards is ensured in accordance

with requirements to protect welfare of patients and personnel

4.3 Application of resources is in accordance with requirements of the scene, Service policies and procedures and relevant legal and industrial requirements

4.4 Ensure communication with allied services contributes to safety and wellbeing of patients and ambulance personnel



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Vehicles may include: • Road ambulances

• Operational cars • Intensive Care Units • Buses • Motor bikes • 4 W/D vehicles • Rescue/retrieval units • Aircraft - fixed wing/rotary wing

Equipment may include: • Standard inventory of ambulance equipment

for primary or secondary life support Securement of patients includes securement of:

• Patients' belongings • Items of luggage • Wheelchairs

Legal requirements include: • State and Territory Traffic Act and regulations

and Ambulance Acts and regulations • All lawful standing orders, policies and

procedures issued by Ambulance Services pertaining to the driving and operation of Service vehicles.

Safe work practices are detailed in:

• Occupational Health and Safety Acts, Regulations and Standards

• Service policy and procedures, and include: • Safe lifting procedures. Acts, regulations, Service policy and procedures include those relating to the operation of radio and electronic communication equipment

Communication equipment may include:

• Service radio equipment • Equipment of other services • Viable alternatives which support effective

communication



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• Observation of supervision of ambulance operations including communications, transport and handling of patients in a variety of situations


• Knowledge of relevant Acts, regulations, Service policies and procedures.

• Standards of cleanliness and serviceability of vehicles required by law and Service policies and procedures

• Road rules and laws applying to emergency vehicles in the state or territory

• Patient care and restraint during transportation • Methods of loading and unloading patients

under life-threatening conditions • Knowledge of relevant acts, regulations,

procedures and industrial guidelines governing the removal of patients from the scene of the incident

• Supervisory methods and techniques Essential skills required include: • Use of communications equipment and systems

• Supervisory skills • Oral communication skills (language

competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification of information, negotiating solutions, liaising with other services, acknowledging and responding to a range of views

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to preparing reports for senior management

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with patient and relatives and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious



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EVIDENCE GUIDE

backgrounds • Problem solving skills required include an

ability to assess and evaluate available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the effective supervision of on-road operations






consistency of performance Context of assessment: • Evidence must include observation of

performance in the work environment or in a simulated work setting



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Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBPD1A Manage personal stressors in the work environment


91

UNIT HLTAMBPD1A Manage personal stressors in the work environment Unit Descriptor This unit involves recognising stress in the work environment and developing a personal stress management plan. It also involves providing and receiving support from colleagues in the management of stress at work.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Develop personal stress

management plan 1.1 Potential causes of stress are recognised so that

immediate action can be taken to reduce or eliminate the stress

1.2 Work is organised to minimise stress whenever possible

1.3 Personal stress management plan is developed in consultation with supervising officer

1.4 Personal stress levels and the effectiveness of the stress management plan are constantly monitored and action taken when necessary

2. Offer support to

colleagues 2.1 Team members and colleagues are observed after

incidents for signs of stress 2.2 Stressful incidents are informally debriefed as

soon as possible so that prompt action can be taken to minimise stressful reactions

2.3 Constructive support is offered to encourage the management of personnel stress

2.4 Need for further stress counselling is identified and prompt action taken

3. Receive support from

colleagues 3.1 Level of personal stress and factors affecting

stress are recognised so that prompt action can be taken to reduce or eliminate the effects of stress

3.2 Support from colleagues is sought when needed and accepted where appropriate

3.3 Need for further stress counselling is recognised and promptly sought



92

RANGE OF VARIABLES Support and de-brief may be provided immediately or when timely Support may include, but is not limited to:

• Informal debriefing with colleagues • Local peer support programs • Other service resources



93


• Observation in the work environment • Where workplace observation is insufficient to

prove competence, simulations and/or case studies may be used as supporting evidence

• Evidence must include a demonstrated capacity to: − Identify personal stress and stressors and take

steps to control or reduce stressors and stress − Identify stress in others and take steps,

including the offer of support, to reduce, control or otherwise deal with stress


Pre-requisite unit: • HLTHIR1A Work effectively in the health

industry is a pre-requisite for this unit Essential knowledge required includes:

• Factors and circumstances likely to cause personal stress

• Methods of controlling stress • Service support programs and other available

resources Essential skills required include: • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, an ability to discuss issues relating to stress with colleagues and supervisor, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports, to preparing a personal stress management plan.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with colleagues and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions to effectively manage personal stress within the working environment



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consistency of performance Context of assessment: • Evidence must include observation of

performance in the work environment or in a simulated work setting

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBSC1A Manage routine scene


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UNIT HLTAMBSC1A Manage routine scene Unit Descriptor This unit involves the routine management of a non-emergency situation to ensure safety at the scene.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Attend non-emergency

scene 1.1 Ambulance vehicle is positioned to facilitate

access and departure while keeping safe all personnel and the vehicle

1.2 Hazards, real or potential, are identified where there are risks to participants or bystanders

1.3 Lines of communication with others are identified and maintained according to Service policy and procedures

1.4 Correct communication procedures are observed in accordance with Service policy and procedures

2. Take appropriate

measures to ensure safety at the scene

2.1 Ambulance vehicle is positioned to protect self, partner and patient(s)

2.2 Personal protective clothing is worn in accordance with operating procedures

2.3 Ambulance resources are utilised and improvised to secure the scene

2.4 Appropriate roles are undertaken as prescribed by Acts, regulations, Service policy and procedure

2.5 Risk is minimised by enlisting hazard reduction agents to enable provision of treatment in hazard-free (or hazard-reduced) environment

2.6 Action is in accordance with standard local ambulance operation procedure



96

RANGE OF VARIABLES Scene may include, but is not limited to events such as:

• Concerts • Exhibitions • Sporting events

Hazards are dangers or risks that may affect or influence ambulance care and may include, but are not limited to:

• Lighting • Surfaces • Atmospheric conditions • Climatic conditions • Vehicles • Structures • Bystanders • Human judgement and influence

Emergency and allied services may include, but are not limited to:

• Ambulance Command • Incident Control • Police • Fire • SES • Voluntary emergency personnel • Electricity and water service



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• Observation in the work environment or simulated situations

• Following an effective event plan for managing a routine non-emergency which provides for: − Effective communications − Rapid response − Rapid and safe access and egress − Safety of personnel


• A knowledge of allied service procedures • A knowledge of appropriate State policies and

procedures • A working knowledge of command, control and

coordination responsibilities • Relevant national standards such as:

− Australian Emergency Manual Safe and Healthy Mass Gatherings – Emergency Management Australia – Canberra - 1999

− Emergency Risk Management and Process – Emergency Management Australia

• Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard

• Use of communications equipment and systems • Knowledge of hazards and potential hazards and

their effect • Relevant Service policies and procedures

Essential skills required include: • Stress management skills

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, liaising with other services personnel, asking for clarification from patient or other persons at the scene, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to



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EVIDENCE GUIDE

preparing handover reports for receiving agency staff.


• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources innovatively, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the routine management of a non-emergency









Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBSC2A Manage scene of special event


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UNIT HLTAMBSC2A Manage scene of special event Unit Descriptor This unit involves attending the scene of sporting or special events involving large numbers of people or special risks, and ensuring safety at the scene.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Attend events

involving risk or large numbers of people

1.1 Scene of event is assessed using all available information and first hand observation

1.2 Hazards (existing and potential) and the level of risk and accurately identified utilising current emergency risk management process

1.3 Emergency management plan is developed, or existing emergency management plan is implemented in consultation with event organisers

1.4 Ambulance Service Event Operations Order is developed to underpin ambulance operations and their role within the emergency management plan

1.5 Ambulance resources are deployed in accordance with the management plan

1.6 Ambulance resources are positioned to facilitate access and egress

1.7 Lines of communication are established and maintained in accordance with the management plan and Service policies and procedures

2. Ensure safety at the

scene 2.1 Ambulance vehicle is positioned to protect self,

partner and patient(s) 2.2 Personal protective clothing and equipment is worn

as required 2.3 Security of the scene for ambulance personnel is

ensured by Ambulance Command in consultation with the event management security provider

2.4 Hazard reduction agents are used to minimise risk and to enable provision of treatment in hazard-free (or hazard-reduced) environment in line with standard local ambulance operation procedure

2.5 Actions are in accordance with standard local ambulance operation procedure



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Scene may include, but is not limited to events such as:

• Concerts • Exhibitions • Sporting events

Hazards are dangers or risks that may affect or influence ambulance care and may include, but are not limited to:

• Agent release • Riot or panic • Fire • Flood • Power/electricity • Lighting • Surfaces • Atmospheric conditions • Climatic conditions • Vehicles • Structures • Bystanders • Human judgement and influence


• First Aid support agencies • State Medical Emergency Response Plan

personnel • Ambulance Command • Incident Control • Police • Fire • SES • Voluntary ambulance personnel • Electricity and water services • Event staff



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• Observation in the work environment or simulated situations

• Evidence must include production of an effective event plan which provides for: − Effective communications − Rapid response − Rapid and safe access and egress − Safety of personnel


• Knowledge of allied service procedures • Knowledge of appropriate State policies and

procedures • Working knowledge of command, control and




− Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard


their effect • Relevant Service policies and procedures

Essential skills required include: • Stress management skills

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, liaising with other services, asking for clarification of information from persons at the special event/scene, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding background-briefing papers to preparing reports.



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EVIDENCE GUIDE


• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources innovatively, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the effective management of the scene/event









Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBSC3A Manage the scene of an emergency


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UNIT HLTAMBSC3A Manage the scene of an emergency Unit Descriptor This unit involves management of procedures involving patient care at the scene of an emergency.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Assess the environment

to identify real and potential hazards

1.1 Information is gathered to allow accurate assessment of the situation or incident

1.2 Hazards (existing and potential) are accurately identified

1.3 The approach to an incident, is accurately accessed, looking for visible signs of danger

1.4 Appropriate resources are positioned to facilitate safe/timely ambulance access and egress

2. Communicate with those

involved in the incident 2.1 Information about the incident or scene is

communicated to co-ordinator in accordance with service policies

2.2 Information is communicated to people involved in the incident in accordance with service policies

3. Control hazards 3.1 Existing and potential hazards to the safety and

welfare of patients and others are negated 3.2 Personal protective clothing and equipment is

worn/used as necessary 3.3 Infection control procedures are implemented

when necessary 3.4 Resistive and/or combative patients are managed

appropriately 3.5 Security of the scene for ambulance personnel is

ensured by the Ambulance Command in consultation with Incident Control

3.6 Resources are utilised appropriately and as needed

4. Communicate with

medical and other emergency and allied services to ensure safety at scene

4.1 The need for liaison with medical and other emergency and allied services is identified according to situation and local ambulance standard operation procedure

4.2 Liaison with medical and other emergency and allied services is carried out in accordance with



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local ambulance standard operation procedure 5. Monitor the environment 5.1 The environment is monitored to identify

changes that may compromise safety or patient care

5.2 Environmental changes requiring further control are quickly recognised and communicated to appropriate agencies



105

RANGE OF VARIABLES Scene may include, but is not limited to:

• Road traffic accidents • Household accidents • Events such as concerts • Exhibitions, sporting events • Street scene • Bush/cliff accidents • Fire ground incidents • Airport accidents • Public transport accidents

Hazards are dangers or risks that may affect or influence ambulance care and may include, but is not limited to:

• Fire • Flood • Power/electricity • Lighting • Surfaces • Atmospheric conditions • Climatic conditions • Vehicles • Structures • Bystanders • Gases and fluids (including hazardous chemicals) • Biological factors • Bodily fluids • Tidal changes • Human judgement and influence

Information likely to be gathered may include, but is not limited to:

• Details of the incident/event • Name and profile of those directly involved

Religious, social and cultural differences are those that may influence the administration of patient care and general welfare of the patient. These values are identified and assessed in terms of their importance to the patient, based on the judgement of the ambulance personnel.



106

RANGE OF VARIABLES Medical services may include, but are not limited to:

• First Aid support agencies • State Medical Emergency Response Plan

personnel • Local general practitioners • District nursing service


• Ambulance command • Incident control • Police • Fire • SES • Voluntary ambulance personnel • Electricity and water services



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• Demonstrated ability in management of situations/incidents requiring: − Identification and management of hazards − Establishment and maintenance of inter-

service liaison − Infection control procedures − Restive and combative patient control

procedures − Identification of resources and their uses − Communication and interpersonal skills


• Knowledge of allied service procedures • Knowledge of appropriate State policies and

procedures • Working knowledge of command, control and




− Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard


their effect • Relevant Service policies and procedures • Infection control procedures • Restive and combative patient control procedures • Services provided by medical and other

emergency and allied agencies, and their limitations


required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, liaising



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EVIDENCE GUIDE

with personnel from other services, asking for clarification of information from persons at the scene, negotiating solutions, communicating effectively instructions to a wide range of people, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding incident reports and case management materials to preparing handover reports.


• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information quickly, manage multiple competing priorities and make decisions that ensure the overall effective management of the scene of an emergency









Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBT1A Transport non-emergency patients


109

UNIT HLTAMBT1A Transport non-emergency patients Unit Descriptor This unit involves the transport of non-emergency patients, checking the ambulance vehicle and equipment. Note: This unit has combined the Draft 1995 Ambulance Competency Standards: T1 – Check Vehicle and Equipment and T2 – Transport Non-Emergency Patients

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Prepare and check

vehicle and equipment 1.1 Vehicle and equipment is checked systematically

and comprehensively based on a local vehicle checklist or inventory

1.2 Vehicle checks are conducted on a regular basis according to Service procedures to ensure serviceability of vehicle and equipment

1.3 Vehicle checks ensure interior and exterior cleanliness of vehicle in accordance with Service policies and procedures pertaining to the minimisation of infection risk to both ambulance personnel and patients/clients

1.4 Vehicle operating stock is maintained to acceptable minimum and maximum levels

1.5 Vehicle and equipment is maintained according to local policy and procedures

2. Ensure faults in

vehicle and equipment remedied

2.1 General nature of fault is identified and reported according to local policy and procedure

2.2 Further damage to malfunctioning vehicle or equipment is assessed against patient care priorities and avoided when possible

2.3 Minor faults are rectified where possible 2.4 Need for additional or replacement resources is

established and communicated to appropriate personnel

3. Convey and receive

information through use of necessary modes of communication

3.1 Communication techniques and procedures are consistent with acts, regulations and in accordance with local standard operation procedure

3.2 Communication with control centre is established and maintained in accordance with local standard operation procedure

3.3 Appropriate receiving facility is notified in accordance with local standard operation procedure



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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 4. Load, unload and

secure non-emergency patient and other specific personnel for transportation

4.1 Loading/unloading is conducted smoothly, consistent with safe work practices, Service policy and procedures in accordance with the national code

4.2 Patient is given appropriate support/assistance during loading/unloading

4.3 Appropriate personnel are transported to accompany the patient where such a need has been identified and there is a capacity to do so, in accordance with local standard operation procedure

4.4 Equipment and belongings are secured appropriately to avoid movement during travel

5. Drive vehicle 5.1 Vehicle is driven in a manner that avoids

exacerbation of patient's condition 5.2 Vehicle is driven in a low risk manner and

according to legal requirements 5.3 Appropriate route is chosen according to distance,

time constraints, travel and terrain 5.4 Communication is established between driver and

patient or patient care officer to ensure effective patient care during transport

5.5 Map is consulted accurately, when necessary 6. Transport patient's

relatives or other specific personnel

6.1 Personnel are transported to accompany the patient where such a need has been identified and there is a capacity to do so, in accordance with local standard operation procedure



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Vehicles categories may include, but are not limited to:

• Maritime • Road • Aviation

Vehicle checks may include, but are not limited to checks for:

• Readiness • Cleanliness • Faults • Malfunctions • Equipment and supplies

Equipment may include, but is not limited to:

• Inventory of equipment for routine non-emergency patient care

• Inventory of equipment carried for emergency use • Any equipment specified for particular vehicles

Minor faults should be detected using a checklist and do not include those normally remedied by a service agent or dealer, but may include:

• Blown fuses and bulbs • Less than optimum tyre inflation • Low radiator level • Low engine fluids • Low brake system fluids

Specific personnel may include: • Relatives

• Ambulance personnel • Drivers

Securement of patients includes: • Patients' belongings

• Items of luggage • Wheelchairs

Legal requirements include, but are not limited to:

• State and Territory Traffic Act and Regulations and Ambulance Acts and Regulations

• All lawful standing orders, policies and procedures issued by Ambulance Services pertaining to the driving and operation of Service vehicles.

• AS/NZS 4535; 1999 Ambulance Restraint Systems



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Service and national standards for safe work practices are detailed in:

• OHS Acts, Regulations and Standards • Service policy and procedures • Safe lifting procedures • Acts, Regulations, service policy and procedures

include those relating to the operation of radio and electronic communication equipment.


• Service radio equipment • Equipment of other services • Viable alternatives that support effective

communication



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• Observation of performance in the workplace or a simulation

• A range of non-urgent transport needs and requirements

• A range of driving situations and conditions • Opportunities to demonstrate safe, efficient

driving skills suited to specific situations and the case being attended


• Relevant endorsed driving licence as per State/Territory requirements

• Elementary knowledge of vehicle being used • Knowledge of patient care during transportation • Knowledge of Service policy and procedures

related to equipment and vehicle checks • Knowledge of the use of relevant equipment and

patient restraints during transportation • Use of communications equipment and systems,

and knowledge of relevant procedures Essential skills required include:

• Responsible approach to acting on faults and/or deficiencies

• Driving skills relevant to the transportation of non-urgent patients

• Skills in the assessment of driving needs relevant to patient needs and individual cases

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification from patient or other persons as required, negotiating solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. Skills include reading and understanding routine instructions.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, empathy with patient and relatives and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds.

• Problem solving skills required include an ability



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to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the efficient and safe transport of non-emergency patients.

Resource implications: • Access to appropriate workplace conducted or

simulation of realistic workplace setting where assessment







Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit HLTAMBT2A Transport emergency patients


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UNIT HLTAMBT2A Transport emergency patients Unit Descriptor This unit involves transportation of patients and other appropriate personnel under emergency circumstances.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITIERIA 1. Convey and receive

information relating to emergency transport

1.1 Communication with control centre is established and maintained according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

1.2 Appropriate receiving facility is notified according to local ambulance standard operation procedure

2. Transport patient under

emergency conditions 2.1 Vehicle is driven in a manner that avoids

exacerbation of patient's condition 2.2 Hazards are recognised and negotiated at low

risk 2.3 Vehicle is driven according to legal requirements

governing emergency vehicles 2.4 Appropriate route is chosen according to

distance, time, travel and terrain 2.5 Communication is established and maintained as

required between driver and patient care officer to ensure safe transport and effective patient care

3. Load, unload and secure

patient and equipment for emergency transportation

3.1 Loading/unloading is conducted smoothly, consistent with safe work practices, and local ambulance standard operation procedure

3.2 Patient's illness/injury is not exacerbated by unnecessary movement during loading and unloading

3.3 Patients are removed from scene in a manner consistent with relevant Acts, Regulations and in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure

3.4 Equipment is secured in accordance with relevant Australian Standards, Acts, Regulations and in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Vehicle categories may include, but are not limited to:


Equipment may include, but is not limited to:

• Standard inventory of ambulance equipment • Number of personnel in vehicle follows relevant

state/territory practice Securement of patients may include, but is not limited to securement of:

• Patient belongings • Items of luggage • Wheelchairs

Legal requirements include: • State and Territory Traffic Act and Regulations

and Ambulance Acts and Regulations • All lawful standing orders, policies and

procedures issued by Ambulance Services pertaining to the driving and operation of Service vehicles

• AS/NZ Standard 4535: 1999 Ambulance Restraint Systems

Service and national standards for safe work practices are detailed in:

• Occupational Health and Safety Acts, Regulations and Standards

• Local Ambulance Service standard operation policy and procedures

• Safe lifting and manual handling procedures • Acts, Regulations service policy and procedures

include those relating to the operation of radio and electronic communication equipment


• Service radio equipment • Equipment of other services • Viable alternatives that support effective

communication



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• A variety of situations involving the transport of patients in life-threatening situations

• Loading/unloading patients requiring the Officer to exhibit diverse patient handling skills and knowledge

• Transportation of patients over routes requiring the Officer to display a variety of driving and route selection skills


• Pre-requisite units: − T2 – Transport Non-Emergency Patients − PUAVEH001A – Drive Vehicles Under

Operational Conditions Essential knowledge required includes:

• Use of communications equipment and systems, and knowledge of relevant Acts, Regulations, Service policies and procedures

• Road rules and laws applying to emergency vehicles in the state or territory

• Patient care and restraint during transportation • Methods of loading and unloading patients under

life-threatening conditions • Knowledge of relevant acts, regulations and

procedures governing the handling/lifting of patients

Essential skills required include: • Driving skills relevant to the transportation of

patients in life-threatening circumstances • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification of instructions if required, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding vehicle maintenance manuals and manufacturer



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specifications and preparing reports. • Interpersonal skills required include working with

others, and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds

• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, assess and analyse available driving routes, patient handling requirements and transportation needs. Make decisions to ensure the safe driving of vehicles under operational conditions.









Health Training Package – Ambualance Unit PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community


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UNIT PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competency to enable effective two-way communication with the community, and to promote a positive public image. This unit is taken from the Public Safety Training Package and has been customised for the Ambulance industry.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Promote the

organisation in the community

1.1 Community requests for information or participation are responded to in accordance with the organisation’s policies and procedures.

1.2 Opportunities to explain and promote the organisation’s activities are acted on to promote community recognition and support.

1.3 Non-routine requests for information are referred to an appropriate person.

2. Represent the

organisation in the community

2.1 The organisation’s position on particular issues is represented in a way that acknowledges community concerns and promotes community awareness.

2.2 Communication and presentation to the public enhances the organisation’s public image.

3. Advise and involve

the community in public safety activities

3.1 The community is advised of a range of prevention and mitigation techniques

3.2 Community members are informed and skilled to implement prevention and mitigation activities

3.3 Community is assisted to initiate, develop and conduct prevention and mitigation techniques addressing their own particular needs.

Health Training Package - Ambulance Unit PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community


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RANGE OF VARIABLES Information may include: • How to participate

• Publicity material • Contact information • Prevention and mitigation strategies

Community may include: • Local community

• Business community including a range of ages and persons from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds

• People with a disability Opportunities to promote may include:

• Answering general enquiries • Presentations at community group gatherings • Special interest forums • Other organisation forums • Community events and festivals • Participating in conferences • Representing organisation on associations and

committees • School visits

Special promotions may include: • Career promotions

• Local shows • Marches and ceremonies • Organisation specific weeks and regular state/

national events • Shopping mall promotions

Appropriate person may include:

• More senior personnel • Personnel with specific expertise • Community liaison officer • Other organisation • Bilingual

Response may include: • Referral

• Provide action • Details of where to access further information

Health Training Package – Ambualance Unit PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community


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RANGE OF VARIABLES Prevention and mitigation techniques may include:

• Dances • School/community group visitations/presentations • Station open days • Specific co-operative arrangements with

community groups • Business owners • Shopping centres/malls, etc., • and should focus on local community issues and

the fostering of closer linkages/partnership with policy

Health Training Package - Ambulance Unit PUACOM005A Foster a positive organisational image in the community


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• It is essential for this unit that competence be demonstrated in an ability to provide advice on prevention and mitigation techniques in a way that acknowledges community concerns

Essential knowledge required may include:

• A range of presentation strategies and techniques • Organisational policy relevant to provision of

advice • Legislative responsibilities relevant to provision of

information • Organisation’s position on current issues • Relevant recording procedures • Communicating with wide variety of people • Listening to questions • Interpreting comments • Evaluating activities

Resource implications: • Access to promotional/informational material. Consistency of performance: • Evidence should be gathered over a period of time

in a range of actual or simulated workplace environments.

Context of assessment: • On the job or in a simulated work environment.

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit PUAOHS003A Implement and monitor the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs


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UNIT PUAOHS003A Implement and monitor the organisation’s occupational

health and safety policies, procedures and programs Unit Descriptor This unit covers competency in implementing and monitoring occupational health and safety (OH&S) policies, procedures and programs in the workplace. The unit is based on the National Guidelines for Integrating Occupational Health and Safety Competencies into national industry competency standards. The unit has been taken from the Public Safety Training Package and customised for the Ambulance industry.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Provide information to

the workgroup about occupational health and safety and the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs

1.1 Relevant provisions of occupational health and safety legislation and codes of practice are accurately and clearly explained to the work group.

1.2 Information on the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs is provided in a readily accessible manner and is accurately and clearly explained to the work group.

1.3 Information about identified hazards and the outcomes of risk assessment and risk control procedures is regularly provided and is accurately and clearly explained to the work group.

2. Implement and monitor

participative arrangements for the management of occupational health and safety

2.1 Organisational procedures for consultation over occupational health and safety issues are implemented and monitored to ensure that all members of the work group have the opportunity to contribute.

2.2 Issues raised through consultation are dealt with and resolved promptly or referred to the appropriate personnel for resolution in accordance with workplace procedures for resolution.

2.3 The outcomes of consultation over occupational health and safety issues are made known to the work group promptly.


the organisation’s procedures for identifying hazards and

3.1 Existing and potential hazards in the work area are identified and reported so that risk assessment and control procedures can be applied.

Health Training Package - Ambulance Unit PUAOHS003A Implement and monitor the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs


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assessing risks 3.2 Implement and monitor the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs.


the organisation’s procedures for controlling risks

4.1 Work procedures to control risks are implemented and adherence to them by the work group is monitored in accordance with workplace procedures.

4.2 Existing risk control measures are monitored and results reported regularly in accordance with workplace procedures.

4.3 Inadequacies in existing risk control measures are identified in accordance with the hierarchy of control and reported to designated personnel.

4.4 Inadequacies in resource allocation for implementation of risk control measures are identified and reported to designated personnel.

5. Implement the

organisation’s procedures for dealing with hazardous events

5.1 Workplace procedures for dealing with hazardous events are implemented whenever necessary to ensure that prompt control action is taken.

5.2 Hazardous events are investigated to identify their cause in accordance with investigation procedures.

5.3 Control measures to prevent recurrence and minimise risks of hazardous events are implemented based on the hierarchy of control, or alternatively, referred to designated personnel for implementation.


the organisation’s procedure for providing occupational health and safety training

6.1 Occupational health and safety training needs are identified accurately, specifying gaps between occupational health and safety competencies required and those held by workgroup members.

6.2 Arrangements are made for fulfilling identified occupational health and safety training needs in both on and off-the-job training programs in consultation with relevant parties.


the organisation’s procedure for maintaining occupational health and safety records

7.1 Occupational health and safety records for work area are accurately and legibly completed in accordance with workplace requirements for occupational health and safety records and legal requirements for maintenance of records of



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occupational injury and disease. 7.2 Aggregate information from the area’s

occupational health and safety records is used to identify hazards and monitor risk control procedures within work area according to organisational procedures and within scope of responsibilities.



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Relevant provisions of occupational health and safety legislation may include:

• General duty of care including public safety requirements for maintenance and confidentiality of records of occupational injury and disease

• Provision of information and training • Regulations and codes of practice relating to

hazards present in work area • Health and safety representatives and occupational

health and safety committees • Implement and monitor the organisation’s

occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs

Workplace procedures may include:

• Inspection/evaluation • Housekeeping • Consultation processes • Training and assessment • Specific hazard policies and procedures including

public safety procedures • Occupational health and safety information • Occupational health and safety record keeping and

reporting • Maintenance of plant and equipment • Purchasing of supplies and equipment • Counseling and disciplinary procedures

Hazardous events may include: • Accidents

• Fires • Floods • Storms • Emergencies – chemical spills • Bomb scares • “Near misses”

Procedures for dealing with hazardous events may include:

• Evacuation • Chemical containment • First aid procedures • Workplace procedures—inspection • Housekeeping



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RANGE OF VARIABLES

• Consultation processes (either general or specific to occupational health and safety)

• Training and assessment • Specific hazard policies and procedures • Occupational health and safety information • Occupational health and safety record keeping • Maintenance of plant and equipment • Purchasing of supplies and equipment • Safety audits



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• Working knowledge consistent with the elements of competence of all applicable occupational health and safety

• Legislation and codes of practice. • Demonstrated understanding of the hierarchy of

control - the preferred order of risk control measures from most to least preferred, that is: − elimination − substitution − engineering controls − administrative controls − personal protective equipment


• Interdependent assessment of units • Pre-requisite units: Nil • Co-requisite units: Nil


• Current principles and procedures relating to workplace occupational health and safety policies and procedures

• Hierarchy of control • Equal employment opportunity principles and

practices • Relevant occupational health and safety

regulations and acts • Availability and contact numbers of emergency

services • Employee obligations and responsibilities • Legal health and safety ramifications • Procedures for implementing accident

investigation • Accident reporting procedures • Job design and workplace layout

Essential skills required include: • Ability to implement safety awareness programs

• Oral communication skills (language competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification of information, negotiating



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solutions, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading, completing and understanding accident, incident reports and case management materials to preparing handover reports to receiving agency staff.


• Problem solving skills required include an ability to use available resources, analyse information and make decisions that ensure the implementation and monitoring of the organisation’s occupational health and safety policies, procedures and programs.


assessment can be conducted or simulation of realistic workplace setting for assessment.

• Access to equipment and resources normally used in the workplace.


from the workplace environment. • Demonstration over a period of time to ensure

consistency of performance. • Evidence should be gathered over a period of time

in a range of actual or simulated workplace environments

Context of assessment: • Evidence must include observation of

performance in the work environment or simulation.



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Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit PUAOHS004A Establish and maintain the occupational health and safety system


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UNIT PUAOHS004A Establish and maintain the occupational health and safety

system Unit Descriptor The unit is covers how to establish, maintain and evaluate an occupational health and safety system in the work environment. This unit is based on the National Guidelines for Integration Occupational Health and Safety Competencies into National Industry Competency Standards [NOHSC: 7025 (1994)]. It has been taken from the Public Safety Training Package.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Organise consultation

process 1.1 Relevant personnel or other representative

personnel are identified and invited into the development and maintenance processes

1.2 Issues raised through consultation are effectively handled according to issue resolution procedures

1.3 Results from the consultation process are verified and made available to relevant personnel

1.4 Consultative processes are flexible and consistent with representatives requirements

2. Design Occupational

Health and Safety framework

2.1 Hazards and risks are correctly identified and confirmed according to occupational health and safety legislation, codes of practice and prevailing trends

2.2 Procedure for ongoing identification of hazards and risks is developed and integrated within work systems and procedures

2.3 Occupational health and safety policies are developed in line with relevant legislation

2.4 Occupational health and safety responsibilities and duties are clearly defined and incorporated into job descriptions/statements

2.5 Adequate resources are sourced and provided in a timely and consistent manner

2.6 Measures to control assessed risks are developed and implemented in accordance with the hierarchy of control, relevant occupational health and safety legislation, codes of practice and trends

2.7 Interim solutions are implemented until a permanent control measure is developed. Details are recorded clearly and efficiently according to organisation policy and procedures and relevant

Health Training Package - Ambulance Unit PUAOHS004A Establish and maintain the occupational health and safety system


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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA legislation

3. Design and implement an

Occupational Health and Safety awareness training program

3.1 Educational information on the occupational health and safety system is made available to all relevant personnel

3.2 Appropriate training is provided to all relevant personnel to enable the implementation of safety procedures

4. Establish, monitor and

maintain Occupational Health and safety system

4.1 A system for keeping occupational health and safety records is established in accordance with legislative requirements

4.2 Work activities are monitored to ensure that hazard identification and risk assessment and control procedures are effectively adopted

4.3 Inadequacies in hazard identification, risk assessment and established risk control measures are identified in accordance with the hierarchy of control and reported to designated personnel

4.4 Amendments to procedures are undertaken through appropriate consultation methods

5. Establish and maintain a

system for accident investigation

5.1 A system is developed and implemented for reporting and investigation of all accidents/incidents in accordance with the policies and procedures

5.2 Training is provided to employees responsible for accident investigation for effective implementation of accident investigation policy

5.3 Policies and procedures for reporting and investigating all accidents/incidents are reviewed and updated as required

6. Evaluate the

organisation’s Occupational Health and Safety system and related policies procedures and programs

6.1 The effectiveness of the occupational health and safety system and related policies, procedures and programs is assessed according to the organisation’s occupational health and safety policy

6.2 Improvements to the occupational health and safety system are developed and implemented

6.3 Compliance with occupational health and safety legislation and codes of practice is assessed to ensure that legal occupational health and safety standards are maintained



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Occupational Health and Safety policies may express the organisation’s commitment to OH&S, and demonstrate consistency of application across the organisation’s policies Resources may include: • Financial and human Information should be: • Clear

• Concise • Written in plain English where possible • In suitable format for particular target group • Timely

Consultative process may include:

• Meetings • Workshops • Reports

Persons involved in consultation may include:

• Employer • Employee • Representative body (regulator unions) • Independent advisor

Occupational Health and Safety trends:

• Occupational Health and Safety trends may be identified from the Occupational Health and Safety records system

• System used to record safety details may allow the recording and identification of patterns of occupational injury and disease

Occupational health and safety training program may be:

• Internal or external • Fulfil employees’ occupational health and safety

needs as identified • As part of the organisation’s general training

program Hazard identification and risk assessment may include:

• Visual inspections • Reports • Notices • Situational analyses • Hazards may be existing or potential



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RANGE OF VARIABLES Hazardous procedures may include:

• Work practices • Equipment • Situations

Hazardous events may include • Accidents

• Fires • Emergencies such as chemical spills and bomb

scares Procedures for dealing with hazardous events may include:

• Evacuation • Chemical containment • First aid procedures • PIN notice • Ceasing activity • Interim measures may be necessary when

measures that control a risk at its source are not immediately practicable

Processes for consultation may include:

• Occupational Health and Safety committees consultation with health and safety representatives

• Resolution procedures • Participative/ consultative procedures conducted

by supervisory staff within the area of managerial responsibility

• Union/Association & management meetings Monitoring of activities may include:

• Review of written reports • Performance appraisal • Auditing procedures • Observation of work task • Relevant personnel may include • Managers • Supervisors • Occupational health and safety officer/manager • Permanent and part time workers • Representative personnel • Suppliers • Staff organization



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• Demonstrated understanding of principles and practices for Occupational Health and Safety

• Demonstrated understanding of the significance of other management systems and procedures for occupational health and safety

Interdependent assessment of units:

• Pre-requisite units: Nil • Co-requisite units: Nil


• Details of all relevant Occupational Health and Safety legislation and its relevance to organisation operations

• Details of codes of practice and their relevance to organization operations

• Hierarchy of control (the preferred order of risk control measures from most to least preferred that is: − elimination − substitution − engineering control − administrative controls and personal protective

equipment − literacy levels and communication skills of

work group members − knowledge of current principles and practices

used to implement and monitor organisational OHS policies procedures and programs

• Suitable communication techniques to address needs of work group members

Essential skills required include: • High level skills in clear written and oral

communication • High level interpersonal skills • Skills in management of systems procedures and

personnel • Attention to detail

Resource Implications: • No special requirements Consistency of performance: • Evidence will need to be gathered over time



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EVIDENCE GUIDE across a range of variables

Context of assessment: • Evidence must include observation of

performance in the work environment or a simulation. Written and verbal tests may be used as supporting evidence.

• Competence may be demonstrated working individually or under the guidance of or as a member of a team with specialist occupational health and safety staff or managers.

Health Training Package – Ambulance Unit PUAVEH001A Drive vehicles under operational conditions


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UNIT PUAVEH001A Drive vehicles under operational conditions Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competency to drive vehicles safely, including the systematic, safe and efficient control of all vehicles functions and effective management of hazardous situations under operational conditions. This unit has been taken from the Public Safety Training Package and customised for the Ambulance industry.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1. Prepare vehicle for

operational response 1.1 The vehicle is selected to meet operational

requirements and is suitable to use in the terrain 1.2 Preliminary check of the vehicle is completed to

ensure it is serviceable 1.3 Equipment and accessories are checked to ensure

they are available and serviceable 1.4 Cabin drill and start up checks are completed in

accordance with operational standards 1.5 Engine is started in accordance with

manufacturer’s specifications 1.6 Audible and visual warning systems are checked

to ensure that they are all operational 2. Drive the vehicle 2.1 Vehicle is prepared for, and safely operated in

terrain suitable to the vehicle 2.2 Vehicles and/or trailers are operated and

positioned in accordance with traffic regulations in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure to ensure safe and efficient operation

2.3 Low risk driving techniques are used which minimise the likelihood of injury to persons or damage to equipment or property and in accordance with local ambulance standard operation procedure.

3. Monitor traffic, road and

terrain under operational conditions

3.1 Vehicle movement is controlled in response to external conditions to ensure safety of persons.

3.2 The most efficient route of travel is taken through monitoring factors likely to cause delays or route deviations.



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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3.3 Traffic and surface conditions are consistently

monitored and acted upon to enable safe operation and ensure no injury to people or damage to property, equipment, loads and facilities.

3.4 Drive vehicles under operational conditions.



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RANGE OF VARIABLES This unit relates to driving vehicles while responding to, or at emergency operations and includes the use of audible visual warning devices. Vehicles may be responding or operating on urban or rural roads, four-wheel drive tracks or private roads, or cross country. Drivers will be required to have the appropriate driving licence. Vehicles may include, but is not limited to:

• All types of operational vehicles • Aerial appliances • Communication vehicles • Command/control vehicles

Operational conditions may include, but is not limited to:

• Non-emergency driving • Emergency response driving • Off-road driving • Hazardous environmental conditions • Driving in special environments (ie: on actual

airport movement areas) • Prevailing weather • Time of day/night • Visibility • Recovery

Considerations may include, but is not limited to:

• Procedures • Traffic conditions • Levels of emergency response • Adverse weather • Traffic regulations • Warning devices • Adverse terrain • Type of vehicle • Adverse surfaces

Cabin drill may include, but is not limited to:

• Adjustment of seats • Seatbelts • Mirrors and steering • Radio on • All crew seated/restrained • Dash layout



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RANGE OF VARIABLES

• Gauges • Warning lights • Drive vehicles under operational conditions

Start-up check may include, but is not limited to:

• Fuel • Coolant • Oil • Pump • Water • Equipment/locker security • Visual inspection of vehicle • Operation of emergency warning devices

(lights/sirens) • Crew intercom • Physical check or scan of gauges

Instruments/gauges may include, but is not limited to:

• Warning lights • Tachometer • Temperature • Electrical charging • Systems indicators (high beam • Turn signals • Parking brakes • Speedometer • Oil pressure • Brake warning lights • Audible warning devices • Water tank level indicator

Relevant legislation and procedures may include, but is not limited to:

• Traffic regulations • Organisational policy and procedures • Accident procedures • Emergency parking • Possession of appropriate license

Manufacturer’s specifications may include, but is not limited to:

• Engine characteristics • Systems warning functions



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RANGE OF VARIABLES

• Radius of turning circle • Safety procedures • Horsepower rating • Maximum vehicle weight • Fuel capacity for range • Clearance height • Engagement procedures • No-spin locking differential • Anti-lock braking systems

Traffic conditions may include, but is not limited to:

• Parking • Traffic pattern and density • Known peak traffic periods and community

functions and • Events • Effect of weather on roads • Road surface • Visibility • Drive vehicles under operational conditions



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• It is essential that competence be demonstrated by a practical demonstration of driving skills. Maintaining personal safety, safety awareness and awareness of traffic conditions and other road users is critical.


• Interdependent assessment of units • Pre-requisite units: T2 – Transport Non-

Emergency Patients Essential knowledge required include:

• Traffic rules and regulations • Emergency vehicle requirements and regulations • Vehicle operating procedures • Local area knowledge • Knowledge of equipment and accessories • Ancillary equipment • Traffic legislation • Appreciation of automotive systems • Knowledge of emergency vehicle inspection

procedures • Essential skills required include: • Low risk driving techniques • Monitor and anticipate traffic hazard • Oral communication skills (language competence)

required to fulfil job roles as specified by the organisation/service. Oral communication skills include asking questions, active listening, asking for clarification of instructions if required, acknowledging and responding to a range of views.

• Written communication skills (literacy competence) required to fulfil job roles as specified by organisation/service. The level of skill may range from reading and understanding vehicle maintenance manuals and manufacturer’s specifications to preparing reports.

• Interpersonal skills required include working with others, and an ability to relate to persons from differing cultural, social and religious backgrounds.

• Problem solving skills required include an ability



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to use available resources, analyse information and to make decisions that ensure the safe driving of vehicles under operational conditions.


assessment can be conducted or simulation of realistic workplace setting for assessment.



from the workplace environment. • Demonstration over a period of time to ensure

consistency of performance. Context of assessment: • Evidence must include observation of

performance in the work environment or simulation.

Documents

Ambulance - training