America Claims an Empire

America Claims an EmpireChapter 18U.S. ImperialismImperialismImperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

Why Imperialism?Desire for military strengthThirst for new marketsCultural superiority Military StrengthMilitary StrengthEstablish a global military presence Why would this be important?How does that align with Roosevelts Big Stick DiplomacyAlfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy

New Markets & Cultural SuperiorityNew Markets Industrialization created need for new markets and raw materials

Cultural Superiority Social DarwinismRacial Superiority Duty to spread Christianity

ImperialistsBelieved in manifest destiny

Supported the expansion of U.S. into foreign territories

Many believed that American culture was superiorAnti-ImperialistsOpposed the take over of foreign lands

William Jennings BryanDemocratic nominee 1900Acceptance speech warns of imperialismWhat famous speeches does he reference? Why would those help support his claim? Does he believe American culture is superior?

Which side do you agree with?

American ExpansionismWilliam Seward was an early supporter of American expansionismSewards FollyBought Alaska in 1867 from the Russians for $7.2 million

American ExpansionismU.S. takes Hawaii

AnnexationUS businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffsBusinessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen Sanford Dole heads temporary govt Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Spanish-American WarGroup AssignmentRead 18.2

Explain how each of the following people or terms helped cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War:American business ownersJose MartiValeriano WeylerYellow journalismDe Lome LetterU.S S. Maine

Everyone needs to write the responses down in their notes!

Cubans Rebel Against SpainAmericans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcaneWhich goal of imperialism does that align with?

Cuban War for IndependenceLed by Jose MartiUS sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement American opinion split War FeverSpain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps

Headline WarsYellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates news to make it excitingDeepens American sympathy for the war cause

War FeverDeLome LetterMcKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley Americans are outraged

War FeverU.S.S. Maine ExplodesCause unknown, newspapers blame Spain Americans call for war

War Erupts 1898-1899War in PhilippinesGeorge Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independenceSpanish troops surrender in August 1898

War in the Caribbean U.S. navy blockaded CubaU.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer soldiers

War EruptsRough RidersVolunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill US Navy destroyed Spanish fleetUS invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898

ResolutionTreaty of Paris Granted Cuba independencePuerto Rico and Guam given to U.S. U.S. paid Spain $20m for PhilippinesDebate Over the TreatyControversy over U.S. right to annex PhilippinesChristianize Filipinos?Violated Declaration of Independence?U.S. approved annexation in 1899Acquiring New LandsAftermath of the Spanish-American WarUS took control of Puerto Rico in 1898 US occupied Cuba after warPlatt Amendment: Limited Cubas rights in dealing with other nationsGave U.S. right to intervene

Philippines Rebellion that leads to self-rule

ChinaOpen Door Policy Calls for Chinas ports to remain open and independentNo nation gets special privileges

Boxer Rebellion Rebellion against Western presence in China Troops sent to suppress rebellion

America as a World PowerRoosevelts DiplomacyTR negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth Ended Russo-Japanese WarTR won Nobel Peace PrizeUS prestige increasedPanama CanalReduced travel timeEstablished U.S. presencein Central America

Roosevelts DiplomacyRoosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America The U.S., not Europe, should be the caretaker of Latin AmericaLeads to Dollar Diplomacy U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans made to foreign nationsLeads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua Wilsons Missionary DiplomacyWilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government

Conflict with MexicoWilson refuses to recognize Huertas governmentUses minor incident to occupy VeracruzRecognized Carranza government

Wilsons Missionary DiplomacyRebellion in MexicoPancho Villa Wanted war between Carranza and USKilled 16 Americans in raid

U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villas forces in 1916

Importance of DiplomacyU.S. is no longer isolationist due to ties with Latin America

Diplomacy becomes majorly important for the Presidency

How do you see diplomacy playing a role in the first World War?