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The major trade route between China and other lands was a network of
routes known as the _______ _______.
1
Silk Road p.103
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Many explorers were looking for alternate
trade routes in order to find ________, used to
preserve and flavor foods.
2
spices
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This man was an Italian explorer who traveled
through China in the late 1200s.
3Marco Polo p.103
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He was a Chinese explorer who made 7
major voyages to different parts of the world during the late
1300s.
4Zheng He p. 104-105
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He was the wealthy King of the African kingdom of Mali in the early 1300s.
He is known for his pilgrimage to Mecca
which strengthened ties between Mali and other
Muslim nations.
5Mansa Musa p. 108
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He was the Prince of Portugal who established a school for sailors and
navigators.
6Prince Henry the Navigator p. 113
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He was the first Portuguese explorer who
sailed from Portugal around the Cape of Good
Hope to India in 1497.
7Vasco de Gama p. 114 Menu
He was a Portuguese explorer who sailed within 500 miles of
Africa’s southern tip when storms overtook his ships. Too
afraid to sail on, his crew refused to go on, so he sailed
back home. He called the tip of Africa “The Cape of Storms,” but
it was renamed “The Cape of Good Hope.”
8Bartolomeu Dias p. 114
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_____ _____ _____ was a Viking explorer who
sailed to Iceland in about 965 and Greenland in about 982. He is also known for his horrible
temper.
9Eric the Red p. 111
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________ _________ was the son of Eric the Red who
sailed to North America in about 1000 and explored what is today known as
Newfoundland.
10Leif Ericsson p. 111
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He was the Italian navigator who sailed
along the eastern coast of South America. America
is named after him.
11Amerigo Vespucci p. 137
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A _________ is a Spanish word for the conquerors
who came to the Americas in the 1500s. The famous
Hernando Cortes is a famous one.
12Conquistador p. 143
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A _______ is a person who lives in a colony.
13Colonist p. 144
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This person teaches his or her religion to others who
have different beliefs. For example, these people built missions throughout New Spain to teach native
peoples about Christianity.
14Missionary p.149
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A journey made for a special purpose is called
an ___________.
15expedition p. 135
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This is a name for a friend who will help in
a fight.
16
ally p. 143
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_______ _______ was an Italian-born explorer who sailed to the Americas in 1492. He was the first European to establish
lasting contact between Europe and the Americas.
17Christopher Columbus p. 135
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This is the distance east or west of the prime
meridian, measured in degrees.
18longitude p. H15
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This is the distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees.
19latitude p. H15
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The _____ _____ is the line of longitude marked 0
degrees.
20
Prime Meridian p. H15
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He was the Spanish conqueror who took over
the Aztec empire.
21Hernando Cortez p.143
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He was the leader of the Aztecs when Hernando Cortes conquered the
Aztec empire.
22Moctezumap. 143
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He was the Spanish explorer of the American Southwest who searched for the mythical lost city
of gold, Cibola.
23Francisco Vasquez de Coronado p. 147
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When the Spanish came to the Americas they
brought _______ which helped natives hunt buffalo. They also
unknowingly brought _______ which killed
thousands of natives.
24horses, smallpox
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_____ __ _____ was a Spanish explorer who found Florida while searching for the
Fountain of Youth.
25Ponce de Leon
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He was a Portuguese explorer to first
(circumnavigate) sail around the world.
26Ferdinand Magellan p. 137
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This is an official document giving a person or group permission to do
something.
27Charter p. 159
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A _____ _____ is a crop grown to be sold for profit. Tobacco and indigo are examples.
28cash crop p. 161
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An ______ ______ is a person who has agreed to
work for someone for a certain amount of time in exchange for the cost of
the voyage to North America.
29Indentured servant p. 161
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This was the name of the law-making assembly in
colonial Virginia.
30House of Burgesses p. 162
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This is the name of the water route that explorers
hoped would flow through North America, connecting the Atlantic
and Pacific.
31Northwest Passage p. 165
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A _______ is a person who travels to a new place for
religious reasons.
32pilgrim p. 169
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This is the group of people from England who
wanted to separate themselves from the
Church of England. Some traveled to North America
n search of religious freedom.
33Separatists p. 169
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________ is unjust treatment because of
one’s beliefs.
34
persecutionp. 169
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The ______ ______ was an agreement or plan of
government written by the Pilgrims who sailed on
the Mayflower.
35Mayflower Compact p. 170
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They are a group of people who wanted to “purify” the Church of
England. They established the
Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
36Puritans p. 172
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A person whose opinions differ from that of his or
her leaders.
37
dissenter p. 178
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This is a person who owes money.
38
debtor p. 180
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This was England’s first attempt at a permanent
settlement in the Americas. It is also known as “The Lost
Colony.”
39Roanoke Colony p. 156
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This was the first permanent English colony in North America. It was founded in 1607 and was
located in eastern Virginia.
40Jamestown p.159
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King Philip attacked England with the ______ ______ - a huge fleet of
130 ships carrying 30,000 soldiers and sailors.
41 Spanish Armada p. 158
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He was the leader of the Jamestown Colony. He is quoted as saying, “he that
will not work, shall not eat.”
42 Captain John Smith p. 159-160
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John Rolfe illegally brought this crop to
Virginia and helped make it the first cash crop.
Today it is used to make cigarettes.
43tobacco p. 161
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This became one of the most populated and
wealthiest commonwealths in North America due to tobacco
production and slave labor.
44Virginia
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In 1609, Dutch leaders sent English sea captain
______ ______ to search for a new water route to Asia.
He found land on his expedition and claimed it
for the Dutch.
45Henry Hudson p. 165
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Insert Question Here
46
Insert Answer Here
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47
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48
Insert Answer Here
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Led by John Winthrop, the Puritans founded the ________ Bay Colony
where they could worship as they pleased. They
built their main settlement in the city of
Boston.
49Massachusetts p. 172
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_______ and the _______ Tribe helped save the
Pilgrims from starvation.
50Squanto and the Wampanoag Tribe p. 170
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An _________ is a young person who learns a skill from a more experienced
worker.
51
apprentice p. 203
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This is a three-sided trade route between the 13
Colonies, the West Indies, and Africa which included
the slave trade.
52Triangular Trade p. 206
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This was the name given to the second leg of the triangular trade route in which millions of people
from Africa were taken to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
53Middle Passage p. 206
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The ______ ______ was an important religious movement among
Christians that began in the colonies in the 1730s.
This movement revived many colonists’ interest in
religion.
54Great Awakening p. 218
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______ ______ was a writer, scientist, inventor, and diplomat. He helped
write the Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution.
55 Benjamin Franklin p. 211, 221
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She was a South Carolina plantation owner who
became the first person in the colonies to
successfully raise a crop of indigo.
56Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney p. 213
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A ________ is a large farm with many workers who
live on the land they work. They were
prominent in the southern colonies.
57Southern Plantation/Plantations p. 148
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This city is in southeastern
Pennsylvania and was the capital of the United
States from 1790 to 1800. It is also known as the “city of brotherly love.”
58Philadelphia p. 211
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This person is in charge of watching over the
workers or slaves on a plantation.
59Overseer
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This is the name of the plant used to dye fabric a
blue tint. It was first grown in South Carolina by Eliza Lucas Pinckney.
60Indigo
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This river is in the central United States, flowing from Minnesota to the
Gulf of Mexico.
61
Mississippi River p. 374
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A ______ is a stream or river that flows into a
larger river.
62
tributary p. 242
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_____ _____ _____ was a war in the 1670s between
Native Americans and English settlers living in
New England.
63
King Philip’s War p. 247
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The _____ and _____ War was the war fought by the British against the French
and their Native American allies in North America which was won by the British in 1763.
64The French and Indian War p. 249
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This was a law issued by King George III stating
that all colonists were no longer allowed to settle
on land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
65Proclamation of 1763 p. 251
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He was the King of England during the time
of the American Revolution.
66King George III p. 251
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This is Britain's law-making assembly.
67
Parliament p. 269
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The ______ Act was a law passed by Parliament in 1765 that taxed printed
materials in the 13 Colonies.
68
The Stamp Ac t p. 269
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_______ means to cancel.
69
repeal p. 270
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The ______ of ______ were groups of Patriots who
worked to oppose British rule before the American Revolution. Some famous
_______ of ______ were Paul Revere, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and John
Hancock.
70 Sons of Liberty p. 271
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These were the laws that were passed by
Parliament in 1767 that taxed goods imported by
the 13 Colonies from Britain.
71Townshend Acts p. 272
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This is another word for a tax on imported
goods.
72
tariff p. 272
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A ______ is an organized refusal to buy goods.
73
boycott p. 272
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The _______ of ______ were groups of American
women Patriots who wove cloth to replace boycotted
British goods.
74Daughters of Liberty p. 272
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This event happened in 1770 in Boston in which British soldiers killed 5 colonists who were part of an angry
group that surrounded them.
75 Boston Massacre p. 277
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The _______ of _______ were groups of colonists formed in the 1770s to spread news quickly
about protests against the British.
76Committee of Correspondence p. 278
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The _____ _____ was law passed by Parliament in the early 1770s stating that only the East India
Company, a British business, could sell tea to
the 13 Colonies.
77Tea Act p. 279
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This was the protest against British taxes in
which the Sons of Liberty boarded British ships and dumped tea into Boston
Harbor in 1773.
78 Boston Tea Party p. 279
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The _____ _____ were laws passed by British
Parliament to punish the people of Boston
following the Boston Tea Party.
79Intolerable Acts p. 280
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A ______ is an American colonist who opposed
British rule.
80
Patriot p. 280
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A ______ is a colonist who remained loyal to the
British during the American Revolution. 280
81Loyalist p. 280
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The _____ _____ _____ was a meeting of
representatives from every colony except
Georgia held in Philadelphia in 1774 to
discuss actions to take in response to the Intolerable Acts.
82 First Continental Congress p.281
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This is a volunteer army.
83
militia
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These are colonial militia groups that could be
ready to fight at a minute’s notice.
84 minutemen p. 281
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The _____ _____ was the war between the 13
colonies and Great Britain from 1775-1783 in which the 13 Colonies won their
independence and became the United
States.
85 American Revolution p. 289
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The _____ of _____ _____ was a costly victory for British troops over the
Patriots in Charlestown, MA in the American
Revolution on June 17, 1775.
86Battle of Bunker Hill p. 291
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He was a Patriot express rider and silversmith. He
rode from Boston to Lexington on the night of April 18, 1775, warning
people that British soldiers were coming.
87 Paul Revere p. 278
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The _____ of _____ was the first battle of the
American Revolution on April 19, 1775. This is where the “shot heard ‘round the world” was
fired.
88Battle of Lexington p. 287
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The _____ of _____ was where approximately 500
Patriots fought and defeated three companies of the King's troops on the North Bridge. It was the
second battle in the American Revolution. 287
89Battle of Concordp. 287
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He was a doctor who helped William Dawes and Paul Revere warn
Patriots about the arrival of the British on the night
of April 18, 1775.
90Samuel Prescott p. 287
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He was a Boston Patriot and organizer of the Sons
of Liberty. He was the cousin of second
President, John Adams.
91 Samuel Adams
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_____ _____ was the third President of the United
States. He was a member of the Continental
Congress and main writer of the Declaration of
Independence.
92 Thomas Jefferson p. 298
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_____ __ _____ was a French soldier who joined
General Washington’s staff and became a
general in the Continental Army.
93 Marquis de Lafayette p. 315
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These men were a group of German soldiers hired
by Britain to fight on their side during the American
Revolution.
94Hessians
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_____ _____ was a Patriot and writer whose pamphlet
Common Sense, published in 1776, convinced many
Americans that it was time to declare independence
from Britain.
95 Thomas Paine p. 298
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This was the title of the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that
convinced many Americans that it was
time to declare independence from
Britain.
96Common Sense
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The ______ ______ was the army formed by the Second Continental
Congress and led my General George
Washington. 297
97Continental Armyp. 297
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______ ______ was the first President of the United States. He was also the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army
during the American Revolution and the President of the
Constitutional Convention.
98 George Washington p. 217
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This was the document declaring the 13
American colonies independent of Great
Britain, written mainly by Thomas Jefferson and
adopted on July 4, 1776, by the Second Continental
Congress.
99Declaration of Independence p. 298
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This was where British forces, led by General John Burgoyne,
surrounded the Patriot army and forced them to retreat or
surrender. The fort is located near the southern end of Lake Champlain in the state of New
York.
100 Fort Ticonderoga
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A ______ is a professional soldier who takes part in an armed conflict for pay or other personal gain. They are not citizens of the country involved in
the conflict - for example – Hessians.
101mercenary
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The _____ of _____ took place on December 26, 1776 after
General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey. During the battle, nearly the
entire Hessian force was captured. It was a major
turning point for the Patriot forces.
102 Battle of Trenton
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The _____ of _____ was the American victory over British troops in 1777
that was a turning-point in the American
Revolution. This battle convinced the French to ally with the American
forces.
103 Battle of Saratoga p. 305
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_____ _____ was the brutally cold site in
southeastern Pennsylvania where
George Washington and the Continental Army
camped during the winter of 1777-1778.
104Valley Forge p. 302
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He was the military officer from Germany who trained American soldiers
during the American Revolution.
105 Friedrich Von Stuben p. 315
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_____ _____ was the commanding general of the British forces that
were defeated at Yorktown in 1781 ending the American Revolution.
106 Lord Cornwallis p. 318
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The _____ of _____ was the treaty signed in 1783 that
officially ended the American Revolution.
Great Britain recognized the United States as an
independent country. 319
107Treaty of Paris p. 319
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The _____ of _____ was the last major battle of the American Revolution where American and
French forces defeated the British led by Lord
Cornwallis.
108Battle of Yorktown
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This is a person who works against his or
her country.
109
traitor p. 300
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They were a group of Vermont soldiers led by
Ethan Allen who captured Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.
110Green Mountain Boys p. 303
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These were the first plan of government for the United States, in effect
from 1781-1789. It gave more power to the states
than to the central government.
111Articles of Confederation p. 339
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This means to officially approve.
112
ratify p. 339
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This branch of government is the part
that passes laws. It includes the Senate and
House of Representatives.
113
Legislative Branch p. 333
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This branch of the government, headed by
the President, carries out the laws.
114
Executive Branch p. 339
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This branch of government that decides
the meaning of laws. This includes the Supreme
Court.
115
Judicial Branch p. 339
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This was the revolt of Massachusetts farms
against high state taxes, led by Daniel Shays.
116Shay’s Rebellion p. 341
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This was the federal order that divided the
Northwest Territory into smaller territories and
created a plan for how the territories could become
states.
117Northwest Ordinance p. 342
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A _____ is a person chosen to represent others.Hint: not a representative
118
delegate p. 345
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This was a meeting of delegates who met in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1787 and replaced the Articles of Confederation with the
Constitution.
119Constitutional Convention
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This was the proposal during the Constitutional Convention that Congress
be given greater power over the states and that large states have more
representatives in Congress than small
states.
120Virginia Plan p. 346
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This was a proposal during the Constitutional
Convention that each state should have the
same number of representatives in
Congress.
121New Jersey Plan p. 346
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The _____ _____ was the agreement during the
Constitutional Convention to create a Congress with two
houses (House of Representatives and
Congress). First proposed by Roger Sherman of
Connecticut.
122Great Compromise p. 347
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This was an agreement made during the Constitutional
Convention that only three-fifths of the slaves in a state
would be counted for representation and tax
purposes.
123Three-Fifths Compromise p. 347
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This is the introduction to the Constitution, beginning, “We the People of the United
States…”
124Preamble p. 348
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______ and ______ are the system set up by the
Constitution that gives each branch of
government the power to check, or limit, the power
of the other branches.
125checks and balances p. 348
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This is the power of the President to reject a bill
passed by Congress.
126
veto p. 348
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______ are supporters of the national government and in favor of adopting
the Constitution.
127
Federalists p. 353
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______ are people opposed to the new US
Constitution and its emphasis on a strong national government.
128
Antifederalists p. 353
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This is a change or addition to the Constitution.
129
amendment p. 354
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The _____ of _____ is the first 10 amendments to
the Constitution, ratified in 1791.
130
Bill of Rights p. 354
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This is an early settler of a region.
131
pioneer
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The _____ _____ was the territory purchased by the United States from France in 1803, extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the
Gulf of Mexico to Canada.
132 Louisiana Purchase p. 373
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This was the battle between United soldiers and the Shawnee in 1811 that neither side won. A major figure in the battle
was William Henry Harrison.
133Battle of Tippecanoe p. 381
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This was the conflict between the United States and Britain that lasted from
1812-1815. The war was declared due to British trade restrictions and the capture of American sailors by the
British Navy.
134War of 1812 p. 382
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The _____ of ___ ______ was where the United States forces, commanded by Andrew Jackson, were
victorious over the British in the War of 1812.
135Battle of New Orleans
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He was an American pioneer who led many early settlers to lands
west of the Appalachian Mountains.
136
Daniel Boone p. 372
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Insert one here
137
Insert answer here
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He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
and leader of the Federalists; first
Secretary of the Treasury.
138 Alexander Hamilton p. 345
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He was a Patriot leader during the American
Revolution and second President of the United
States.
139 John Adams p. 277
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This was a pass through the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains.
It was an important part Wilderness Road, widened by
Daniel Boone who made it accessible to pioneers.
140 Cumberland Gap
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_____ and _____ were the team appointed by
Thomas Jefferson to explore the lands gained
in the Louisiana Purchase.
141 Lewis and Clark p. 347
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She was the Shoshone woman who acted as
guide and translator on the Lewis and Clark
expedition.
142 Sacagawea p. 374
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This was the belief that the United States should expand west to the Pacific
Ocean.
143
Manifest Destiny p. 433
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He was the French explorer who founded
Quebec, the first permanent French settlement in North
America.
144 Samuel de Champlain
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The ______ ______were established on the Atlantic coast of North America
between 1607 and 1733. They declared their independence in the
American Revolution and formed the United States. They were: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York,
North Carolina, and Rhode Island.
145 13 Colonies
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These colonies included Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. This
region was excellent for timber and fishing.
146New England Colonies p. 177
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These colonies included New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, and Delaware. This region was nicknamed “the breadbasket of the
colonies” because of their wheat production.
147Middle Colonies p. 177
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These colonies included Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. This region
was known for their rich soil and warm climate which
helped them produce tobacco, cotton, and rice.
148Southern Colonies p. 177
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He was the Puritan minister who founded
Rhode Island as a place of religious freedom in 1636.
149 Roger Williams p. 178
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He was a Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681.
150 William Penn p. 179
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He was an English leader who founded the colony of
Georgia as place where debtors from England could begin new lives.
151 James Oglethorpe p. 180
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This plantation was founded in southeastern
Massachusetts by the Pilgrims in 1620.
152
Plymouth Plantation p. 170
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___ ______ was the settlement founded by the
Dutch on Manhattan Island; became present-
day New York City.
153New Amsterdam p. 165
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_____ _____ was the Jamestown colony leader who showed that tobacco
could be grown successfully in Virginia.
154 John Rolfe p. 161
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______ ______ served as the last Dutch Director-General of the
colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded
provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was
renamed New York. He was a major figure in the early history
of New York City.
155Peter Stuyvesant
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_____ _____ was a Puritan leader banished from Massachusetts for her religious beliefs. In 1638, she and her husband William, along with their 15 children, moved to Rhode
Island.
156 Anne Hutchinson p. 185
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He was and English colonizer and the first governor of Maryland.
157 Lord Baltimore
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______ were a group of religious people who
escaped religious persecution in England by
moving to Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. One of their famous leaders was
William Penn.
158Quakers
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159 Question
159
Answer Goes Here
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160 Question
160Answer Goes Here
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