An Age of Explorations and Isolation

Europeans Explore the East Renaissance encouraged adventure and

curiosity Exploration greatly changes the world Marco Polo reaches China in 1275 Exploration increases:

Grow rich Spread Christianity Advances n sailing technology

Europeans Explore the East Desire for money from spices and Asian

goods motivates exploration Nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and pepper

added to bland European food Spices introduced from crusades (1096-

1270) Muslims and Italians controlled over land

trade European merchants and monarchs wanted

to bypass Italians with a sea route

Europeans Explore the East Europeans believed they had a sacred

duty to convert non-Christians Caravel ships (pg. 531) of 1400s allow

ships to sail against the wind with triangular sails adopted from the Asians

Astrolabe and compass allow for better navigation

Europeans Explore the East

Europeans Explore the East Portugal lead the way in exploration Prince Henry supports exploration of African

coast for spices, gold, jewels, and eventually slaves

Henry founded a navigation school: Mapmakers Instrument makers Shipbuilders Scientists Sea Captains

Europeans Explore the East

Europeans Explore the East Dias reaches the tip of Africa in 1488

before storms and food shortages turned him back

Da Gama reaches India in 1497 Profit 60 times the cost of trip Trip was 27,000 miles

Europeans Explore the East 1492 Spain Columbus as he tries to go west

to reach Asia He lands in Caribbean believing he made it Tensions grow between Spain and Portugal Line of Demarcation by Pope divides Spanish

and Portuguese territories (Treaty of Tordesillas)

Spain gets most of Americas except for Brazil

Europeans Explore the East Traders dealt with violent inhabitants as

well as each other Portugal beats Muslims at Hormuz and

wins Spice Islands Price of goods becomes 1/5 of original

prices Many other countries begin exploring Magellan (Spain)

Europeans Explore the East Map page 534 English and Dutch challenge Portuguese in 1600s Dutch had over 20,000 vessels Portuguese dominance fades as English and

Dutch battle Dutch East India Company becomes very powerful By 1700 Amsterdam becomes trading center and

Dutch control South Pacific and Cape of Good Hope for resupply

Europeans Explore the East English East Company focuses on India Port cities are controlled by Europeans France begins trading in India Traders to China and Japan had less

success

China Limits European Contacts European countries look to China and

Japan in East Asia for additional trade Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) get tributes

from other areas and does not want outsiders threatening their power

Mongols were chased out in 1368 and Hongwu stabilized China with reforms: Agriculture, government, and morals,

China Limits European Contacts Zheng Hue has 7 large voyages starting in

1405 Up 27,000 on an expedition with 40-300

ships After 7th voyage in 1433 China withdrew to

focus on fighting northern barbarians Only government could conduct trade

through certain ports Ceramics and silk traded Smuggling occurred

China Limits European Contacts Economy favoring agriculture hurt trade Missionaries brought Christianity Poor leadership, famine, rebellion,

corruption led to end of Ming Dynasty 1644 Manchus invade and Qing Dynasty

begins Would last for 260 years and add

Taiwan, Mongolia and Tibet to China

China Limits European Contacts

China Limits European Contacts Dutch paid tributes and respected

Chinese trade policies China did not get along well with Britain In 1800s the empire finally cracked China felt it was the center of the

universe for over 2,000 years

China Limits European Contacts 1600s and 1700s there was general

peace in China and lives improved Most Chinese were farmers and

technology improvements led to a food surplus that led to a population boom

Sons valued for religious reasons and many daughters were killed

China Limits European Contacts Chinese were artists and made intricate

pottery and porcelain Dramas were popular as many were

illiterate. Plays created strong nationalsm.

Japan Returns to Isolation

Japan Returns to Isolation Japan had centuries of unrest and strife

beginning in the 1300s as shoguns were politically weak and the economy was poor.

1467 civil war sent the feudal system and Japan into chaos.

Hundreds of separate domains develop 1467-1568 warring states period had

warlords (daimyo) taking land and providing peasants protection

Japan Returns to Isolation Castles and samurai on horses with gun supplied

infantries fought each other for land Seppuku – samurai suicide Toyotomi Hideyoshi unites much of Japan and tries

to conquer China before dying in 1592 Tokugawa Ieyasu unifies Japan in 1600 and moves

capital to present day Tokyo Local rulers had to spend every other year in the

capital. This unites government eventually Future shoguns were to – “Take care of the people,

be virtuous, and protect the country”

Japan Returns to Isolation Life in Japan

1616 to 1867 stable, prosperous and isolated Merchants and wealthy prospered while

peasants suffered with taxes Society very structured

emperor (figurehead) shogun (supreme military commander) daimyo(landholding samurai) samurai warriors peasants and artisans merchants

Japan Returns to Isolation Confucius – ideal society depended on

agriculture not commerce Many farmers moved to growing towns

and cities Mid 1700s Tokyo had over 1M people Women sheltered and restricted lives and

obeyed husband without question Drama and art grow Haiku 5-7-5 syllable poetry

Japan Returns to Isolation 16th century traders and missionaries

welcomed By 17 century wore out their welcome due to

aggressiveness Muskets, cannons, eyeglasses, tobacco and

clocks to Japan 300,000 Christian converts before being

outlawed as a threat to the state Christians and missionaries persecuted and

killed while Buddhism was championed

Japan Returns to Isolation Leaders did not want European ideas

and ways so borders were sealed in 1639

200 years of limited foreign contact, no one could leave Japan either