Follow up on Implementation of Outcomes Follow up on Implementation of Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable of the World Summit on Sustainable

Development:Development:

Highlights from the Fourth Issue of the Highlights from the Fourth Issue of the Sustainable Development Report on AfricaSustainable Development Report on Africa

An ECA Presentation at the An ECA Presentation at the Seventh Session of the Committee on Food Security and Seventh Session of the Committee on Food Security and

Sustainable Development (CFSSD-7)Sustainable Development (CFSSD-7)and the and the

Africa Regional Preparatory Conference for the United Africa Regional Preparatory Conference for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Nations Conference on Sustainable Development

(Rio+20) (Rio+20)

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 October 2011Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 October 2011

Scope of the reportScope of the report

Provide an integrated assessment of progress and Provide an integrated assessment of progress and achievements towards sustainable development in achievements towards sustainable development in the region based on indicators that:the region based on indicators that: Capture most pressing issues in AfricaCapture most pressing issues in Africa Cover economic, social and environmental pillars of Cover economic, social and environmental pillars of

sustainable developmentsustainable development

Analyse and showcase the contribution of forests, Analyse and showcase the contribution of forests, biodiversity, biotechnology, tourism and mountains biodiversity, biotechnology, tourism and mountains to sustainable growth and developmentto sustainable growth and development

Submitted to CFSSD7 to provide synopsis and elicit Submitted to CFSSD7 to provide synopsis and elicit comments for finalisation of the 4comments for finalisation of the 4thth issue of the issue of the Sustainable Development Report on Africa Sustainable Development Report on Africa

Review of trends and progress towards Review of trends and progress towards sustainable developmentsustainable development

Based on integrated indicator set covering:Based on integrated indicator set covering:1.1. Governance for sustainable developmentGovernance for sustainable development2.2. PovertyPoverty3.3. Demographic changeDemographic change4.4. Economic transformationEconomic transformation5.5. Gender and social equityGender and social equity6.6. Education, training and cultureEducation, training and culture7.7. Health and NutritionHealth and Nutrition8.8. Food security and agricultureFood security and agriculture9.9. The natural resource baseThe natural resource base10.10.EnergyEnergy11.11.Climate ChangeClimate Change12.12.Natural and man made disastersNatural and man made disasters13.13.Global Partnership for developmentGlobal Partnership for development

PovertyPovertyOverarching priority Overarching priority for Africa is poverty for Africa is poverty eradicationeradication• Significant progress Significant progress

has been made, but has been made, but the economic crisis the economic crisis has led to a has led to a worsening of the worsening of the situation in 2008 (% situation in 2008 (% of population living of population living below USD 1.25/day below USD 1.25/day 52.8% in 2008)52.8% in 2008)

• Important to follow Important to follow changes – structural changes – structural or temporary impact or temporary impact of the crisis of the crisis

57.5 58.3

50.9

4.54.4 2.6

41.6

25.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Sub-SaharanAfrica

Northern Africa World

Percentage of people living on less than US$ 1.25 a day (PPP, 2005)

1990

1999

2005

Adjusted net saving excluding PM10 damage, 2000 and 2008

-80.00 -60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00

Congo, Rep.Chad

AngolaEquatorial

SudanGuineaGhana

SeychellesMozambique

CentralSouth Africa

Congo,Zambia

Sierra LeoneCote d'IvoireEgypt, Arab

UgandaGabon

Gambia, TheComoros

MadagascarTunisia

SwazilandMauritiusEthiopiaNamibia

KenyaGuinea-Lesotho

MoroccoRwanda

Cape VerdeAlgeriaMalawi

Botswana

2000 2008

Economic transformation Economic transformation

Africa has Africa has experienced experienced high growth high growth rate of GDP rate of GDP but this but this masks:masks:

• Significant Significant differences differences across across countriescountries

• UnsustainabilitUnsustainability of the y of the economyeconomy

Annual percentage growth rate of GDP, 2009 and 2010

-10 -5 0 5 10 15

Equatorial GuineaSwaziland

MadagascarGuinea

ComorosEritreaAngola

CameroonSouth Africa

AlgeriaBenin

Cote d'IvoireCentral African Republic

LesothoMorocco

TogoGuinea-Bissau

TunisiaBurundi

MauritiusSenegal

ChadMali

Sao Tome and PrincipeSudan

NamibiaSierra LeoneGambia, The

MauritaniaEgypt, Arab Rep.

UgandaKenya

Cape VerdeLiberiaGabon

SeychellesGhana

TanzaniaMalawi

BotswanaCongo, Dem. Rep.

MozambiqueRwandaZambiaNigeria

Congo, Rep.Niger

ZimbabweBurkina Faso

Ethiopia

2009 2010

Gender and Social Equity Gender and Social Equity

Agriculture still accounts for more than half of employment of women, and the percentage of Agriculture still accounts for more than half of employment of women, and the percentage of women employees in the sector is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. women employees in the sector is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa.

Youth unemployment rate in 2010 fell both in Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa – but remains Youth unemployment rate in 2010 fell both in Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa – but remains very highvery high• The fact that 23.6% of economically active young people in Northern Africa were unemployed in 2010 is alarming. The fact that 23.6% of economically active young people in Northern Africa were unemployed in 2010 is alarming. • Specific measures needed to develop the right skills, also taking into account the transition to green economy.Specific measures needed to develop the right skills, also taking into account the transition to green economy.

EnergyEnergy

Access to energy as a precondition for development• Yet access remains Yet access remains

limited, in particular in limited, in particular in SSA, with significant SSA, with significant urban-rural divideurban-rural divide

• More efforts needed to More efforts needed to bridge the gapbridge the gap

Electrification Rate in 2009

020406080

100120

Africa    NorthAfrica

   Sub-Saharan

Africa

World

Per

cen

tag

eTotal Urban Rural

Climate Change Climate Change

Africa remains the least Africa remains the least contributor of contributor of greenhouse gas greenhouse gas emissions per capitaemissions per capita• Yet emissions are on Yet emissions are on

average growingaverage growing• And Africa is already And Africa is already

affected by climate changeaffected by climate change

Climate change can offer Climate change can offer opportunities to Africaopportunities to Africa• Through a reformed Clean Through a reformed Clean

Development MechanismDevelopment Mechanism• Through technology Through technology

transfertransfer

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

CentralAfrica

EasternAfrica

NorthernAfrica

SouthernAfrica

WesternAfrica

Africa World

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

1990

2000

2005

Thematic review

Forests in AfricaForests in Africa

Africa’s forests Africa’s forests fundamental for poverty fundamental for poverty reductionreduction• For instance, in central Africa For instance, in central Africa

hunting provides between 30-hunting provides between 30-80% of overall protein intake, 80% of overall protein intake, with a value of bush meat with a value of bush meat trade ranging from USD42-trade ranging from USD42-205m/y205m/y

While deforestation and While deforestation and degradation continue, degradation continue, significant progress has significant progress has been made in Africabeen made in Africa

• Significant increase in forest Significant increase in forest areas under Sustainable areas under Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) – Forest Management (SFM) – e.g. about 1% has received e.g. about 1% has received Forest Stewardship Council Forest Stewardship Council certificationcertification

• Significant international Significant international support – e.g. REDD+support – e.g. REDD+

-1.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

CentralAfrica

EastAfrica

NorthAfrica

SouthernAfrica

WestAfrica

TotalAfrica

World

Annual change rate (%)

1990-2000

2000–2010

BiodiversityBiodiversity

Biodiversity plays a vital role for livelihoods. Biodiversity plays a vital role for livelihoods. Six out of the 25 world biodiversity hotspots are in Six out of the 25 world biodiversity hotspots are in AfricaAfrica• ¼ of the world’s mammal species and more than 1/5 of ¼ of the world’s mammal species and more than 1/5 of

the bird species occur in Africathe bird species occur in AfricaYet, biodiversity continues to be lost, mostly through:Yet, biodiversity continues to be lost, mostly through:• Habitat loss, climate change, invasive alien species, Habitat loss, climate change, invasive alien species,

unsustainable useunsustainable useEfforts to protect biodiversity are being stepped up:Efforts to protect biodiversity are being stepped up:• 53 Countries have National Biodiversity Strategies and 53 Countries have National Biodiversity Strategies and

Action Plans Action Plans • More than 85% of African countries parties to the More than 85% of African countries parties to the

Biological Diverstiy Convention have developed new Biological Diverstiy Convention have developed new legislationlegislation

• Protected areas continue to increase – by 2010, Protected areas continue to increase – by 2010, protected areas have increase to 15.7% for terrestrial protected areas have increase to 15.7% for terrestrial and 4.9% for marineand 4.9% for marine

BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Biotechnology, in particular for agriculture, Biotechnology, in particular for agriculture, can play a crucial role for food securitycan play a crucial role for food security• Focusing on plant production, livestock, and food Focusing on plant production, livestock, and food

technologiestechnologies

The priority for biotechnology in Africa The priority for biotechnology in Africa remains in the agricultural sectorremains in the agricultural sectorHowever, biotechnology has so far failed to However, biotechnology has so far failed to take root in Africa due to a number of take root in Africa due to a number of constraints:constraints:• Lack of infrastructuresLack of infrastructures• Lack of a conducive environment (legislative and Lack of a conducive environment (legislative and

market)market)• Inadequate fundingInadequate funding• Limited public and private investmentLimited public and private investment

TourismTourism

Fastest growing sectors in Africa (growing by 7% over Fastest growing sectors in Africa (growing by 7% over last ten years)last ten years)Important source of income, but is also an opportunity Important source of income, but is also an opportunity for:for:• Promoting local culturePromoting local culture• Improve local infrastructure for local population as well as for Improve local infrastructure for local population as well as for

touriststouristsTourism in Africa heavily dependent on natural resources:Tourism in Africa heavily dependent on natural resources:• Lake Naivasha in Kenya supports more than 300 bird species Lake Naivasha in Kenya supports more than 300 bird species

and is a major tourist destinationand is a major tourist destination• The Okavango Delta in Southern Africa is estimated to The Okavango Delta in Southern Africa is estimated to

generate more than USD 145m (2.6% of Botswana’s GNP)generate more than USD 145m (2.6% of Botswana’s GNP)Sustainable tourism must be an integral component of Sustainable tourism must be an integral component of community development through:community development through:• Effective management of cultural heritageEffective management of cultural heritage• Establishment of codes of conductEstablishment of codes of conduct• Integrating community based resource managementIntegrating community based resource management

Mountains ecosystemsMountains ecosystems

Mountains perform a wide range of ecosystem Mountains perform a wide range of ecosystem functions, e.g.functions, e.g.• Many rivers generate from mountainsMany rivers generate from mountains• Hydroelectric power generation opportunitiesHydroelectric power generation opportunities• Important centres of biological diversity and cultural Important centres of biological diversity and cultural

heritageheritageA number of initiatives for sustainable mountains A number of initiatives for sustainable mountains management have been launched in the region, e.g. management have been launched in the region, e.g. ::• Biodiversity conservationBiodiversity conservation• Climate changeClimate change• Watershed management and desertification (e.g. Watershed management and desertification (e.g.

Morocco Outat Watershed Project)Morocco Outat Watershed Project)• Payment for environmental servicesPayment for environmental services• Indigenous people Indigenous people • TourismTourism

Conclusions Conclusions

Conflicts, insufficient investment, limited market Conflicts, insufficient investment, limited market access and supply side constraints, declining levels access and supply side constraints, declining levels of ODA, HIV/AIDS, have hampered Africa’ s efforts of ODA, HIV/AIDS, have hampered Africa’ s efforts towards sustainable development towards sustainable development Economic growth has happened at the expense of Economic growth has happened at the expense of the natural resource base, while not bringing about the natural resource base, while not bringing about the desired social improvementsthe desired social improvementsThis notwithstanding, significant progress has been This notwithstanding, significant progress has been made. To capitalise on this:made. To capitalise on this:

• Need to focus on new strategies for development Need to focus on new strategies for development planning and implementationplanning and implementation

• Sustainable development strategies must harness the Sustainable development strategies must harness the three pillars of sustainable development in an three pillars of sustainable development in an integrated manner, with a focus on the overarching integrated manner, with a focus on the overarching need for good governanceneed for good governance

Conclusions ctdConclusions ctd

ForestsForests• SFM should be integrated in development plans, taking SFM should be integrated in development plans, taking

into account community needsinto account community needs• Large scale commercial logging operations should abide Large scale commercial logging operations should abide

to SFM principles, while at the same time engaging to SFM principles, while at the same time engaging more SMEmore SME

• Regular resource assessments are neededRegular resource assessments are needed

BiodiversityBiodiversity• Biodiversity considerations should be mainstreamed in Biodiversity considerations should be mainstreamed in

national and sectoral plans national and sectoral plans ensure sustainable use ensure sustainable use• Direct pressures on biodiversity must be addressed (e.g. Direct pressures on biodiversity must be addressed (e.g.

population, habitat loss,…)population, habitat loss,…)• The Strategic Plan adopted by COP10 in Nagoya offers The Strategic Plan adopted by COP10 in Nagoya offers

an excellent opportunity to strengthen the sustainable an excellent opportunity to strengthen the sustainable management of biodiversitymanagement of biodiversity

Conclusions ctdConclusions ctd

BiotechnologyBiotechnology• Promote Africa-focused biotechnology research on Promote Africa-focused biotechnology research on

virus free planting material, bio-processing and value virus free planting material, bio-processing and value addition, genetic engineeringaddition, genetic engineering

• Enhance human resources, infrastructure and financial Enhance human resources, infrastructure and financial capabilities capabilities

TourismTourism• Promote Sustainable Tourism Development, drawing Promote Sustainable Tourism Development, drawing

on the continent’s natural assets and culture, to on the continent’s natural assets and culture, to benefit also remote locationsbenefit also remote locations

MountainsMountains• Integrated strategies to manage mountains are Integrated strategies to manage mountains are

required, integrating socio-economic, legislative, required, integrating socio-economic, legislative, institutional and technical issuesinstitutional and technical issues

Thank Youasgobbi@uneca.org