An infrared fuel saverthat uses infrared to excite hydrocarbons for improved engine performance

FIR Fuel Activator FIR Fuel Activator ®

Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (U.S.A.)Save fuelSave fuel

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An invisible storyAn invisible story

Introduction

In this presentation, we will show you

• how infrared works to improve fuel combustion

• how the underlying science is testified by academic

• how the fuel saving effect is verified by accredited testing facilities, including an EPA-recognized lab

and, last, but not least,

• Why you need the FIR Fuel Activator to save fuel and reduce Greenhouse gas CO2

With all these scientific evidences,

we hope to turn you from a skeptic to a believer.

Likewise, Dr. Wey invented IR Fuel technology in 1998, but no one could appreciate it ……

An invisible story

In 1900 Max Planck introduced the concept of “Quanta,” but no one would accept it until Einstein had proved it in 1905.

It became today’s Quantum Mechanics.

except a research team led by Professor Handy at Purdue University.

It’s invisible, but present ……

IR-excitation effect on improving fuel efficiency is real and does exist!

Acknowledgement

Though being skeptical, Purdue research team tookinitiative to verify the underlying science of our IR technology in a scientific way, and found indeed

As a result, they turn from a skeptic to a true believer.

We really appreciate for their faith and support!

IR-Fuel Technology ReviewTechnically speaking, we did not invent it, becauseall elements were already there:

• In Organic Chemistry HC molecules are IR-active and absorb 3 – 20 μm

IR photons causing vibrations.

• In Photoselective Chemistry Lab dynamics studies have demonstrated

increasing reactant vibrational energy is most effective at promoting reaction.

• Known IR-Technology IR-Emitters have been widely used for agricultural

applications in Japan.

Theoretical Model

It’s no secret …

HC Molecules are IR-Activeand absorb infrared photons in 3 - 20 μmwavelengths causing vibrations.

Organic Chemists have been using IR-Absorption Spectral Analysis to identify unknown specimens for years.

For example, if you give me a specimen with the following IR-absorption profile, I can tell you what the specimen is ……..

H–Csp3

stretching

C–Hstretching

O–Hstretching

C2H5OH

203 10

C–Cstretching

Wavelength, μm

C–Hbending

–CH2bending

–CH3bending

The following spectral info is called “Infrared Finger Prints”

Functional GroupsSignature Zone

6

So, what is it?First, look at “Functional Group Zone”. It contains C-H bonds and O-H bond; it must be one of “alcohols”

alcohol+ ethane

ethanol

Now, look at “Signature Zone”. The -CH3 bond and -CH2 bond suggest it contains “ethane”

So, it must be

From a Quantum Mechanic view

it absorbs IR at 7.66 μm to jump to v4 orbit, causing bending vibration,

Molecular energy levels

absorbing IR photon causes molecular vibration.

Using methane as an example,

Bending v4 = 1305 cm-1

(7.66 μm)

Asymmetric stretching

v3 = 3012 cm-1

(3.32 μm)

and absorbs 3.32 μm IR to jump to v3 orbit, causing stretching vibration.

Energy level diagram

For your information

Symmetrical Stretching

Anti-symmetrical Stretching

Scissoring

WaggingRocking Twisting

molecules vibrate in 6 ways:

The consequence of Vibrations

Activation Barrier

IR-ExcitedHC molecule

Regular HC Molecule

Ei

Reaction Rate: W = k e – E / RT

Let’s recall some concepts in Quantum Mechanics

Er

With IR-excitation,

HC molecule absorbs photons to increase vibrational states;

It reduces the activation energy

Er required for overcoming Activation Barrier

so that the reaction rate W is increased. Therefore,

IR-excitation can increase chemical reaction rate

K: constant T: Temperature

Reaction Profile

Summary of IR-Excitation ModelAs presented above, it is scientifically predicable that

IR-excitation increases oxidation rate of HC moleculesand thus improves combustion efficiency of HC fuels.

“Where to find such an IR-excitation source?”

Actually, IR-emitters (8 – 20 μm) have been widely used in Japan for heating and drying agricultural produces since 1960s.

All we needed to do was tailoring Japanese conventional 8 – 20 μm IR-emitters to 3 – 20 μm for our applications.

But, our next question is

Dual-band IR-Emitter approachConventional Japanese 8 – 20 μm IR Emitter

contains 2 MgO . 2 Al2O3 . 5 SiO2

but, we add zirconia to make a new 8 – 20 μm far-IR Emitter

We also add CoO to make a3 – 14 μm mid-IR Emitter

8 – 20 μm far-IR Emitter

3 – 14 μm mid-IR Emitter

We use a “dual-band” approach to cover the entire 3 – 20 μm range.

The key elements in IR-emitters

Transition Metals

When the excited electron returns to its initial level, it emits an IR photon in 3 - 20 μm wavelength, depending on the elements used.

The oxides of transition metals have such a unique property:

Its constituent electrons can be thermally agitated to a neighboring higher energy level;

No additional energy source is required and it lasts forever.

As such, the IR-emitter absorbs radiation heat and converts the heat into IR photons.

The Innovative Concept

Step 1: IR-Emitter absorbs engine heat.

Step 2: IR-Emitter emits 3 – 20 μm IR.

Step 3: IR excites HCmolecules in fuel.

Heat EnergyRecycling

IR-Emitter

IR-excited fuel combusts Efficiently

In cylinders

In engine applications,

It starts with placing IR-Emitters on a supply fuel line.

IR-Emitter serves as an energy conversion system.

The “BIG IF” …….Though the theoretical model sounds plausible, the key question often asked is ……..

“How do I know if IR effect exists and works to improve fuel combustion efficiency?”

Professor Handy and Purdue team suggested a foolproof, down-to-basics experimentation, using the well-studied

Methane-Air Counter-flow Laminar Diffusion Flame analysis.

It will be straightforward to demonstrate with this

experiment IF …. IR-excitation really works on fuel.

In October 2006, we took the challenge.

if it can not be verified by experiment.A theory is incomplete

Experiments Of Combustion & Flame

Science

Proving the Underlying Science Methane-Air Counter-Flow Flame Experiment

Air

Methane

at Zucrow Lab, Purdue University

Flow = 10 cm/s

In the burner, Air flows from top duct,

They meet at the center to form a laminar flame, when ignited.

Air

Methane

Flame

LaminarFlame

and Methane from the bottom.

X = 0

Experimental set-up

Regular methane

Methane to be IR-excited

far-IR emitter mid-IR emitter

Laminar Flame

Microprobe that can be moved across the flame to collect gas species samples for analysis

Fuel supply pathcontrol

the fuel supply iscontrolled to flow through either

For demonstrating the IR-effect,

Path 1:

or Path 2:

Burner

Gas Samples Analysisat Zucrow Lab, Purdue University

Species concentrations for O2, N2, CH4, CO, and, CO2, across the flame were measured using gas chromatography.

Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were measured usingchemiluminescence analysis.

The collected gas species samples were analyzed

The measured results for IR-excited methane were compared to that of the benchmarking methane. The results and observations are presented as follows:

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Mol

e F

ract

ion

Observation (1): Faster combustion

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Mol

e F

ract

ion

Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

N2Baseline

N2IR-Excited

CH4Baseline CH4

IR-Excited

flame occurs faster

RegularX = 3

IR-ExcitedX = 2

Air

Methane

It reduces flame strain rate and lowers fuel flow momentum so that the flame is pushed down.

Comparing the measured results for

we found

X = 0

What had happened was

IR-Excitation makes fuel more combustible, burning faster and more completely;

Observation (2): Less Fuel used

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Mol

e F

ract

ion

Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

CH4Baseline

CH4IR-Excited

The Fuel Consumption Rate can be calculated by the formula:

L: distance between the ducts (15 mm)ωCH4 : volumetric consumption rate, moles/cm3/sec

the Fuel Consumption Rate for IR-Excited fuel is computed to be 8 % less

Comparing the measured IR-excited result to the Baseline,

than that of regular fuel.

Observation (3): Less CO emission

Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Mol

e F

ract

ion

COIR-Excited

COBaseline

CO2IR-Excited

CO2Baseline

CO is a precursor of CO2

Methane combustion chain reaction:

CH4 + O → CH3 + OH

O2 + CH3 → CH3OO

CH4 + CH3OO → CH3 + CH3OOH

CH3OOH → CO + 2 H2 + O

2 CH4 + O2 → 2 CO + 4 H2

H2 + ½ O2 → H2O

CO + ½ O2 → CO2

CH4 + O2 → CO + H2 + H2Othe peak CO & CO2 emissions are 25 % less,

Measured CO and CO2 for

The measurements showed

because IR-Excited fuel combusts faster and more completely,

compared to regular fuel.

Observation (4): Less NO emissions

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Cou

nt, p

pm

NOBaseline

NOIR-Excited

Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

With a faster combustion, there is less time for NO to form.

The emission index can be calculated by

MJ : molecular weight ωJ : volumetric production rate

The NO Emission index for IR-Excited fuel is computed to be 15 % less than that of regular fuel.

The NO measurements for

Thermal NO formation is slower than fuel combustion;

It shows less NO emissions produced with IR-excited fuel.

Summary of Observations

the IR-Excitation effect on Fuel is scientifically proven

• Less Fuel Consumption Rate

• Less CO and CO2 emissions, and

• Less NO emissions

IR-Excitation makes fuel combust faster and more completely

the key effect of IR-excitation on fuel combustion is:

that results in

and can be explained by known science principles.

The experimental results suggest

Thanks to Purdue’s experimental verification,

Further Verification on Engines

increasing fuel efficiency

To confirm above findings and verify the effect of the IR-excitation on engine performance, namely

numerous tests have been performed on various fuels and engines in labs, as presented in the following:

reducing fuel consumptionreducing CO & NO emissions

Engine StandTests

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

1400 1800 2200 2600 3000 3400

Engine Speed, RPM

SF

C, l

b/hp

-hr

GM Quad-4 Gas Engine

RPM 1800 2200 3000

Measured Specific Fuel Consumption (unit: lb/hp-hr)

Baseline

IR-Excited

on a GM Quad-4, 4 cyl. 2.4 L gasoline engine

Results: FIR reduced 6.2 % specific fuel consumption

Change - 6.8 % - 6.7 % - 5.0%w/ FIR 0.7839 0.7852 0.7693

Baseline 0.8369 0.8381 0.8072

Tested at Engine Lab, Purdue University

NO & CO Emissions of Propane

Speed, RPM 1500 2000 2500

Speed, RPM 1500 2000 2500

NO Measurement

(ppm)

CO Measurement (ppm)

PowerTek Single Cylinder Dynomometer

13 in3 7.5 HP

tested at Engine Lab, Purdue University

Result: FIR simultaneously reduced CO and NO emissions

average reduced 14.5%

average reduced 10.2%

Baseline 542 1051 1596

with FIR 468 820 1472

Change -13.7 % -22.0 % -7.8 %

Baseline 254 95 37

with FIR 247 79 33

Change -2.8 % -16.8 % -10.8 %

on a single-cylinder enigne with propane fuel

Combustion Completeness

Carbon Monoxide

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (sec)

Co

un

t (p

pm

)

on a Chrysler 2.5 L, 4-cyl. Engine

Prof. Keshav Varde Baseline

IR-excited

Nicolet FT-IR ExhaustEmissions Analyzer

Tested at the University of Michigan-Dearborn

Result: FIR reduced CO 30 % (i.e. more complete combusiton)

and A/F ratio maintained at 14.7:1 at 1,800 RPM with a 20 ft-lb load

using CO as an indicator of combustion completeness

CO counts (ppm) real time scan plot

Vehicle Tests

Proposed Engine Application

• HC molecules traversing thru the fuel line are excited, raising vibrational states to lower activation barrier and increase combustibility.

• IR-Excited fuel increases power, with lower specific fuel combustion and less HC, CO, NOx, and CO2 emissions.

• IR-Emitters are retrofitted to the supply fuel line, absorbing engine heat to emit IR photons.

This is what we expect:

• IR-Excited fuel burns faster in cylinders, allocating more heat to do work and less heat loss to raise exhaust gas temperature (EGT).

Heat Release in Cylinders

0

1.8

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Heat ReleaseKJ / c.a. deg.

Crank Angle, deg.

regular diesel

IR-excited diesel

IR-excitation improves engine performance on the basis of that it changes heat allocation in engine cylinders.

more heat is released within 15o TDC to do mechanical work

and less heat released in later cycle as heat loss for heating exhaust gas (EG)

Result: increased power and reduced specific fuel consumption

With IR-excited diesel,

Torque/Power Dyno Test

1900cc Multi-jet turbo-diesel4 cyl., 110 kW @4000 rpmOdometer: 110,000 km

at Carburatori Bergamo, ITALY on 7/20/2007

0

25

50

75

100

125

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Speed, RPM

Po

wer

, kW

Result: FIR increased torque & power significantly

Measured Power at 6th Gear (ratio 0.614:1)

with FIR

Baseline

2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD

U.S. EPA Standard Test

Test Item HC CO NOx CO2 MPG

Test Item HC CO NOx CO2 MPG

tested at AutoResearch Lab (Harvey, IL), an EPA-recognized Lab

FTP– Federal Test Procedure (City Driving)

HFET– Highway Fuel Economy Test

on a V8, 4.6L Mercury Grand Marquis at 16,300 odometer mileage

Result: FIR increased fuel economy and reduced all emissions

Baseline 0.208 2.709 0.362 520.74 16.98

Baseline 0.084 1.227 0.342 330.39 26.84

With FIR 0.130 1.776 0.196 438.29 20.22

With FIR 0.069 0.993 0.280 281.41 31.52

Change - 37.5% - 34.4% - 45.9% - 15.8% + 19.1%

Change - 17.9% - 19.1% - 18.1% - 14.6% + 17.4%

Save FuelReduce CO2

Diesel Emissions: NOx & Smoke

Speed, km/h 30 40 50 60 Avg.

Speed, km/h 30 40 50 60 Avg.

(a) NOx Emissions, ppm

(b) Smoke Emissions, % Opacity

Iveco Motor Co. (Nanjing, China)4.2 Ton Light-Duty Pickup4 cyl. 2.8 L Diesel Engine (max. 78 KW) with a 60 Nm load

Result: FIR simultaneously reduced smoke and NOx.

tested at Shanghai Vehicle Performance Testing Center

Baseline 642 567 505 431

Baseline 16.6 15.8 10.6 6.6

With FIR 12.4 11.2 7.3 6.0

Change - 6.8% - 6.5% - 8.3% - 4.6%

Change - 25.3% - 29.1% - 31.1% - 9.1%

With FIR 598 530 463 410

- 6.6%

- 23.7%

School Bus Road Tests

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

Odometer mileage

Fuel e

conom

y M

PG

FIR installed on 10/14/05

FIR removed on 5/8/06

2004 International School Bus CEVT365 diesel engine V8, 6.0 L with EVRT

6.235.67 mpg

5.40

Result: FIR improved fuel economy 12 %

Greenwood Community Schools (Indiana)

The re-fueling records indicated

Baseline

Diesel Trucks Fleet Test

Test Tractor #: 2066* 2086 2246 2320 2325 2398 Averageor Total

2005 Kenworth T600A Tractor

Cummins ISX475 15 L, 475 HP

HD diesel engine

4 sets FIR installed

Result: FIR saved 7.8% fuel, or 105 gallons per tractor per month

Heritage Transport, LLC. (Indianapolis, Indiana)

5/12/07 Baseline MPG 6.84 6.20 6.84 6.57 7.88 6.51

6/13 – 11/9 w/FIR MPG 6.67 6.69 7.38 7.26 8.19 7.05

Drive Distance, miles 50560 49689 40487 46912 46608 36054

Fuel Used, gallons 7922 7430 5486 6459 5692 5114 30181

MPG Change % -2.5 % 7.9 % 7.9 % 10.6 % 4.0 % 8.4 % 7.8 %Fuel Saved, gallons no FIR 587 433 685 228 430 2363

Truck #2066 serves as Controller, no FIR installed

Your own test counts …

We have many test results to share with you.

Also, we have numerous satisfied users like Mr. Suma Orazio, a taxi driver in Milano, Italy.

However, prove it to yourself,

FTC Warning:FTC Act 15 USC §41 et seq. prohibits deceptive marketing practices, including false and unsubstantiated advertising.

Our claims have been verified by FTC for compliance.

your own test counts!

Conclusion

IR is a proven technology

– IR-Excited fuels burn faster, resulting in reduced fuel consumption rate and less CO & NO emissions.

• Using IR photons shorter than 20 μm to excite hydrocarbons for improved combustion efficiency is scientifically predictable.

• We have developed IR-Emitters that absorb radiation heat and emit 3 – 20 μm wavelength IR photons.

– Increased torque/power– Improved fuel economy (up to 20% )– Reduced emissions (up to 46% )

• The underlying science of IR-excitation effect on fuel is verified by methane-air counter-flow flame experiments

• Engine/vehicle test results have demonstrated the IR-Effect on increasing engine efficiency, with

Product Features

• Save fuel (8 – 10%) and reduce same % Greenhouse Gas CO2

• Reduce all tailpipe emissions (up to 40%)

• Increase power/torque (smoother engine)

• Easy installation in minutes

• Inexpensive one time investment and maintenance free

• Lower vehicle maintenance costs, due to less carbon deposits on engine parts and oil

Imagine such a simple device can do so much for you and our environment?!

Until you have tried it yourself.

Then, you know it is true!

Too good to be true?

Dr. Albert Wey (the Inventor) Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (USA)

e-mail: awey@allways.net

Thank You

Please give infrared a chance to prove itself

Contact Information:

Can you ask for anything better than this?Together we can ease Global Warming.

An Invisible Story