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An Interactive Background Blurring Mechanism and Its Applications
NTU CSIE
互動式背景模糊
2
IntroductionPrivacy Preserving
Our systemOriginal image
Depth Map Generation
Pop-up CardPop-up Card
Perspective Box
Perspective Box
Image Defocus
Defocus BlurDefocus Blur
Camera SettingsCamera Settings
Alpha MattingAlpha Matting
Lazy SnappingLazy Snapping
Object Segmentation
Face DetectionFace Detection
Segmentations
Depth Map
Input image Shallow focus result
4
Experimental Result Defocus blur method proposed in the system
comparing with other blur filter results
Deep focus Shallow focus
5
Experimental Result Defocus blur method proposed in the system
comparing with other blur filter results
Gaussian blur Defocus blur Defocus blur + Bokeh
6
Experimental Result
7
Observation with / without depth variation in the
background
Real photograph taken by DSLR
8
Experimental Result with / without depth
variation in the background
Original photograph
Result after post-processing
Depth variation
Depth fixed
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Applications - Partial Viewing
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Applications - Image Transition at Photo Browser
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20
END
THANK YOU
21
Method
Segment◦Lazy snapping◦Mean shift◦Alpha matting◦Face detection
Lazy Snapping. ACM Trans. On Graphics 2004.Mean Shift: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analysis. PAMI 2002.A Bayesian Approach to Digital Matting. CVPR 2001.
Depth Map Generation
Pop-up CardPop-up Card
Perspective Box
Perspective Box
Image Defocus
Defocus BlurDefocus Blur
Camera SettingsCamera Settings
Alpha MattingAlpha Matting
Lazy SnappingLazy Snapping
Object Segmentation
Face DetectionFace Detection
Segmentations
Depth MapInput image Shallow focus
result
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MethodDepth map
◦ Perspective Box Vanish point Rear wall
Tour Into the Picture: Using a spidery mesh user interface to make animation from a single image. SIGGRAPH 1997
Depth Map Generation
Pop-up CardPop-up Card
Perspective Box
Perspective Box
Image Defocus
Defocus BlurDefocus Blur
Camera SettingsCamera Settings
Alpha MattingAlpha Matting
Lazy SnappingLazy Snapping
Object Segmentation
Face DetectionFace Detection
Segmentations
Depth MapInput image Shallow focus
result
25
Method
Image defocus◦Blur circle diameter
Blur circle diameter
Segment Map
Depth Map
Camera setting
Aperture sizeFocal length of the
lensDistance of focus
u v
bd
vbub
u v
bd
vbub
(a) (b)𝑏= 𝑓𝑁ȁ�(𝑢𝑏 − 𝑢)𝑓ȁ�𝑢𝑏(𝑢− 𝑓) 1𝑢+ 1𝑣 = 1𝑓
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MethodDefocus blur
◦bokeh
𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑠 ሺ𝑖,𝑗ሻ= σ𝐸𝑛ሺ𝑖,𝑗ሻσ𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛(𝑖,𝑗) + 𝛼𝑛(𝑖,𝑗)
𝐸𝑛ሺ𝑖,𝑗ሻ= 𝐼ሺ𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛ሻ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛,𝑠,𝑏)Τ
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛ሺ𝑖,𝑗ሻ= 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛,𝑠,𝑏)Τ
𝛼𝑛(𝑖,𝑗) =൜𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛(𝑖,𝑗), 𝐼ሺ𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛ሻ< 𝑇ℎ𝑏𝑜𝑘𝑒ℎ0, 𝐼ሺ𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛ሻ≥ 𝑇ℎ𝑏𝑜𝑘𝑒ℎ
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑛ሺ𝑖,𝑗ሻ= 1𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛ሺ𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛,𝑠,𝑏ሻ× 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛)𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠(𝑥𝑛,𝑦𝑛)
……
……E1(i,j)
I(x1,y1) I(x2,y2) I(x3,y3)
I(xn,yn) I(xn+1,yn+1)
E2(i,j) E3(i,j)
En(i,j) En+1(i,j)
En+2(i,j)
I(xn+2,yn+2)
27
MethodDefocus blur
……
……E1(i,j)
I(x1,y1) I(x2,y2) I(x3,y3)
I(xn,yn) I(xn+1,yn+1)
E2(i,j) E3(i,j)
En(i,j) En+1(i,j)
En+2(i,j)
I(xn+2,yn+2)
28
Method
◦Near-by object case
Focus on the flower
Focus on the flower
29
◦Near-by object case
Without inpainting
Interpolation result
Experimental Result
30
◦Near-by object case
Method Blur circle diameter
Objects in front of the
focus
Objects behind
the focus
Defocus Blur
Text synthesis inpainting
Blur shape as alpha map
Defocus Blur
Interpolation by alpha map
Shallow focus image
31
Q&A
32
END
THANK YOU
33
Introduction Depth of field
Real light
Circle of Confusion- Readability range
Focus plane Photo planeOut of focus – blur range
Depth of field
34
Introduction
Real world
Photo plane
Shallow focus
35
IntroductionShallow focus
◦Highlight the subject by softening background diffusion
Deep focus by DC
NIKON E4300 (2003)
Shallow focus by DSLR
NIKON D90(2008)
36
Outline IntroductionMethod
◦Object Segmentation◦Depth Map Generation◦Image Defocus
Experimental ResultApplicationsConclusion