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AN ISLAMIC ANIMATED INFOGRAPHIC
MODEL FOR DA’WAH DISSEMINATION:
A CASE STUDY OF PROPHET’S SUNNAH
IN EATING AND DRINKING
NUR NAZIHAH BINTI RAHIM
MASTER OF ART
2017
An Islamic Animated Infographic Model
for Da’wah Dissemination:
A Case Study of Prophet’s Sunnah
in Eating and Drinking
By
Nur Nazihah binti Rahim
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Art
Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA KELANTAN
2017
THESIS DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of the original
research and has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or
Institution.
OPEN ACCESS I agree that my thesis is to be made immediately
available as hardcopy or on-line open access (full text).
EMBRAGOES I agree that my thesis is to be made available as
hardcopy or on-line (full text) for a period approved by
the Post Graduate Committee.
Dated form___________ until _____________
CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under Official
Secret Act 1972)*
RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the
organization where research was done)*
I acknowledge that University Malaysia Kelantan reserves the right as follows.
1. The thesis is the property of University Malaysia Kelantan.
2. The library of University Malaysia Kelantan has the right to make copies for
the purpose of research only.
3. The library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange.
________________________
Signature
______________________
Main Supervisor Signature
_________________________
I/C Number
Date:
______________________
Name of Main Supervisor
Date:
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah S.W.T, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. All
praises are due to Him, the Almighty Creator. I thank Allah for giving me the
strength and patience that has enabled me to complete this thesis. First and
foremost, I would like to express my affection to my beloved parents, Rahim bin
Taib and Rokiah binti Hamid and also to my siblings. Thank you for giving me
with overwhelming patience, love, motivation, support and inspiration that have
greatly facilitated to my completion of thesis.
My sincere, gratitude and appreciation goes to main supervisor, Dr. Nik
Zulkarnaen bin Hj. Khidzir, co-supervisor, Dr. Anuar bin Mohd Yusof and field
supervisor, Asst. Prof. Dr. Aznan Zuhid bin Saidin (IIUM) for their constructive
ideas, invaluable guidance, encouragement and patience throughout this journey.
My gratitude also goes to the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia for
granting me the scholarship which is MyBrain15.
Many people give their endless support either directly or indirectly for my
study. I would like to thank to Assoc. Prof. Ahamad Tarmizi bin Azizan, Dean of
the Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage, UMK and former Dean of this
faculty, Assoc. Prof. Hj. Ab. Aziz bin Shuaib. My thanks also goes to Prof. Dr.
Ibrahim bin Busu, Dean of Postgraduate Studies, UMK and former Dean
Postgraduate Studies, Prof. Dr. Mohd Azzam Khan bin Goriman Khan. I am also
greatly indebted to the experts and respondents who have agreed and involved to
become a part of my research study. A note of thanks also goes to all my
ii
colleagues and lecturers at FTKW and FKP from UMK and also my friends and
lecturers from my previous university, IIUM for their moral support, guidance,
encouragement and friendship. May Allah reward us with His blessings.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
THESIS DECLARATION i
ACKNOWLEGMENT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii
ABSTRAK xiv
ABSTRACT xv
CHAPTER 1 INTORUDCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 4
1.3 Research Questions 6
1.4 Research Objectives 7
1.5 Significance of the Study 8
1.6 Scope of the Thesis 9
1.7 Definition of Key Terms 9
1.7.1 Islamic Animated Infographic 9
1.7.2 Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah 10
1.7.3 Sunnah 10
1.7.4 Da’wah 10
iv
1.7.5 Da’ē 11
1.7.6 Mad’u 11
1.7.7 Maudu’ 11
1.7.8 Manhaj 12
1.7.9 Wasā’il 12
1.7.10 Uslub 12
1.7.11 Techno-da’ē 13
1.8 Organization of the Thesis 13
1.9 Summary 14
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Infographic 16
2.2.1 Types of Infographics 17
2.2.2 Static Infographic 19
2.2.3 Interactive Infographic 20
2.2.4 Motion Graphics 21
2.3 Definitions and Conceptualization of Animated 22
Infographics
2.4 Previous Studies in Islamic Animated Infographic as a 23
Da’wah Medium
2.5 Model for Islamic Animated Infographic 24
2.6 Current Research Issues 40
v
2.6.1 Information 41
2.6.2 Information in Da’wah View 45
2.6.3 Communication 53
2.6.4 Communication in Da’wah View 59
2.6.5 Technology 62
2.6.6 Technology in Da’wah View 87
2.7 Summary 94
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Overview of Chapter 95
3.2 Research Framework 95
3.3 Research Flowchart 96
3.4 Research Design 99
3.5 Research Instrument Development 101
3.6 Expert Assessment Worksheet 103
3.6.1 Design of Expert Assessment Criteria 103
3.6.2 Scale of Expert Assessment Worksheet 105
3.7 Survey Questionnaire 105
3.7.1 Organization of the Survey Questionnaire 105
3.7.2 Scale 106
3.7.3 Translation 107
3.7.4 Questionnaire Design Framework 108
3.8 Population and Sample Size 111
vi
3.9 Sampling Design 112
3.10 Data Collection Procedure 115
3.11 Prototype Design 116
3.11.1 Storyboard 116
3.11.2 Design for Case Study 121
3.11.3 Platform 128
3.12 Summary 130
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Overview of Chapter 131
4.2 Expert Assessment on the Prototype Design 132
4.2.1 Analysis of Expert Assessment 134
4.2.2 Mean Score of Expert Assessment 134
4.2.3 Expert Assessment Reliability Test for Prototype 138
Design
4.3 Analysis of Survey 139
4.3.1 Demographic Data 140
4.3.2 Descriptive Analysis 141
4.3.2.1 Mean Scores for Acceptance Level 142
4.3.2.2 Mean Scores for Information Element 145
4.3.2.3 Mean Scores for Communication Element 148
4.3.2.4 Mean Scores for Technology Element 152
vii
4.3.3 Reliability Test 156
4.3.4 Mean Scores of Islamic Animated Infographic 158
Elements
4.3.5 T-Test (Independent-samples) 160
4.4 Discussion 163
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
5.1 Overview of Chapter 173
5.2 Recapitulation of the Study Findings 173
5.3 Contribution of the Research 174
5.3.1 Theoretical Contribution 175
5.3.2 Practical Implication 175
5.4 Conclusion 177
5.5 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Studies 178
REFERENCES 180
APPENDIX A 189
APPENDIX B 190
APPENDIX C 194
APPENDIX D 207
APPENDIX E 208
APPENDIX F 209
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 210
LIST OF AWARD 211
viii
LIST OF TABLES
NO. PAGE
1.1 Summary of research objectives, research questions, issues 7
and process
2.1 Da’wah methods in Islam 30
2.2 Elements of attraction in manhaj of da’wah 32
2.3 Da’wah content for Muslim and non-Muslim 34
2.4 Guideline in preaching from Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi 35
2.5 Examples of the earlier people that have been destroyed by 38
Allah which mentioned in the Holy Qurān
2.6 Information which allowed in Islam 48
2.7 Information which prohibited in Islam 51
2.8 The words about communication activities that have 61
mentioned in Qurān
2.9 Types of color scheme 71
2.10 Types of color in the Qurān 73
2.11 Examples of the tools as technologies used at the time of 89
the Prophets
2.12 The summary of Islamic animated infographic as a tool for 92
the da’wah dissemination
3.1 Discussed assessment items in the prototype design 104
3.2 Framework and focus activities to develop a questionnaire 109
3.3 Sample size of study 112
3.4 Sampling design and the respondents involved 114
ix
3.5 Characteristics of experts involved in the validation of 114
prototype design
3.6 Development of storyboard 117
4.1 Comments of the experts based on the prototype design 132
4.2 Expert assessment on prototype design 135
4.3 Reliability test 138
4.4 Respondents demographic 140
4.5 Item codes for acceptance level 143
4.6 Mean scores of acceptance level 144
4.7 Item codes for information element 146
4.8 Mean scores of information element 147
4.9 Item codes for communication element 149
4.10 Mean scores of communication element 150
4.11 Item codes for technology element 152
4.12 Mean scores of technology element 154
4.13 Reliability test for respondents 157
4.14 Mean for overall elements in Islamic animated infographic 159
4.15 T-Test for expertise 160
x
LIST OF FIGURES
NO. PAGE
2.1 Types of infographics 17
2.2 Static infographic 19
2.3 Interactive infographic 20
2.4 Motion graphics 21
2.5 Venn diagram of animated infographics 22
2.6 Example of the previous study of Islamic animated 23
infographic
2.7 The basic communication model 24
2.8 The characteristic of Islamic animated infographic model 25
2.9 Current Research Issues 40
2.10 Elements of communication 54
2.11 VAK model 56
2.12 Vitruvian principles 57
2.13 Elements and principles of motion graphics 65
2.14 Gestalt founders 78
2.15 Figure/ground (Rubin’s Face/Vase) 81
2.16 Proximity 83
2.17 Closure 84
2.18 Similarity 85
2.19 Continuation 86
3.1 Research framework 95
xi
3.2 Research flowchart 97
3.3 Questionnaire design 108
3.4 Determination of sample size 111
3.5 Data collection procedure in research 115
3.6 Prototype design 122
3.7 Website for data collection distribution 129
4.1 Formula for expert assessment on prototype design 134
4.2 Formula for reliability 138
4.3 Formula for acceptance level 142
4.4 Formula for information element 145
4.5 Formula for communication element 148
4.6 Formula for technology element 152
4.7 Reliability formula for acceptance level 156
4.8 Reliability formula for information element 156
4.9 Reliability formula for communication element 156
4.10 Reliability formula for technology element 157
4.11 Formula for overall mean in information element 158
4.12 Formula for overall mean in communication element 158
4.13 Formula for overall mean in technology element 158
4.14 Proposed model for Islamic animated infographic 165
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ICT
TMK
3D
PBUH
VAK
LORI
UTAUT
Information and Communication Technology
Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi
3-Dimension
Please Be Upon Him
Visual-Auditory-Kinesthetic
Learning Object Review Instrument
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
xiii
Model Islamik Infografik Beranimasi untuk Penyebaran Dakwah:
Satu Kajian Kes Sunnah Nabi Dalam Bab Makan dan Minum
ABSTRAK
Infografik beranimasi menjadi semakin popular kerana mampu menarik
perhatian penonton berbanding hanya penggunaan perkataan semata-mata.
Infografik menjadi alat yang berguna untuk menyebarkan maklumat dengan
jumlah yang banyak serta menarik, dan menyeronokkan di samping proses untuk
mendapatkan ilmu menjadi lebih mudah. Hal ini demikian kerana infografik
beranimasi membolehkan maklumat kompleks yang akan dibentangkan menjadi
lebih mudah. Minda manusia boleh memproses dengan lebih cepat apabila mereka
melihat imej visual. Pada masa kini, individu hidup dalam era digital yang kaya
dengan maklumat. Era globalisasi ini kadang-kala mewujudkan beberapa masalah
pengadunan maklumat seperti masalah kekeliruan untuk mendapatkan maklumat
dan sukar untuk mengingati maklumat tersebut. Oleh itu, audien tidak dapat
memahami dengan jelas maklumat yang ingin disampaikan. Walaupun begitu,
infografik beranimasi mampu menjadi penyelesaian yang efektif dalam
menyampaikan maklumat dengan jayanya. Infografik beranimasi mempunyai
keupayaan untuk menyampaikan banyak maklumat berbanding dengan imej yang
statik. Di samping itu, Islamik infografik beranimasi untuk penyebaran dakwah
menjadi salah satu kaedah alternatif untuk memahami pengetahuan Islam dalam
era Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK). Namun begitu, kajian yang
boleh membantu dalam menghasilkan model Islamik infografik beranimasi masih
terhad. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada satu kajian kes yang bertajuk
Sunah Nabi dalam bab makan dan minum untuk penyebaran dakwah khususnya
dalam ruang lingkup penyebaran dakwah di Malaysia. Kajian ini membincangkan
model Islamik infografik beranimasi sebagai kaedah alternatif dalam
menyebarkan dakwah dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang menarik dan kreatif.
Kajian ini telah menggunakan penilaian oleh pakar-pakar dalam bidang reka
bentuk dan pengajian Islam serta reka bentuk prototaip Islamik infografik
beranimasi bagi instrumen pengumpulan data Kemudian, borang kaji selidik telah
diedarkan kepada responden yang terlibat dalam bidang reka bentuk dan
pengajian Islam. Seterusnya, kumpulan sasaran ini ditriangulasi untuk
mendapatkan perspektif yang berbeza daripada fenomena yang sama. Keputusan
hasil kajian menunjukkan model Islamik infografik beranimasi mampu
menyampaikan nilai-nilai dakwah secara menyeluruh. Nilai-nilai dakwah tersebut
difahami dan diamalkan dalam kehidupan seharian. Islamik infografik beranimasi
untuk penyebaran dakwah tidak hanya untuk penonton menerima sebagai hiburan
semata-mata, tetapi juga untuk tujuan penyebaran dakwah. Dengan itu, dapatlah
disimpulkan bahawa infografik beranimasi mampu menjadi salah satu kaedah
untuk menyebarkan dakwah dan menunjukkan keindahan Islam melalui
pendekatan yang menarik dan kreatif.
xiv
An Islamic Animated Infographic Model for Da’wah Dissemination:
A Case Study of Prophet’s Sunnah in Eating and Drinking
ABSTRACT
Animated infographic has become increasingly popular due to its capacity to
capture audience’s attention as opposed to words presentation alone. It is a useful
tool for disseminating huge amount of information in appealing, and fun way in
addition to making the process of gaining knowledge easier. This is because it
allows complex information to be presented in a simpler manner. The human
mind can process information quicker with visual imagery. In present day,
individuals live in information-rich, digital era. This globalized era somehow
creates some problems in terms of blending of information whereby confusion and
difficulty in recalling information occur. Therefore, audience are not able to
understand clearly the information that has been delivered. In spite of this,
animated infographic could be an effective tool in conveying information
successfully. Animated infographic has the capability to convey a great deal of
information compared to still images. In addition, Islamic animated infographic
for da’wah dissemination could be an alternative method to comprehend Islamic
knowledge in this era of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Researches which could help in the production of a good Islamic animated
infographic model however, are still limited. Hence, this research focuses on the
case study of da’wah dissemination on the subject of Prophet’s Sunnah in eating
and drinking, more specifically, in the scope of da’wah dissemination in
Malaysia. This research discusses creative and attractive approach to Islamic
animated infographic model as an alternative method of da’wah. This research
uses assessment by experts in the field of Design and Islamic Studies as well as
prototype design of animated Islamic infographic as instruments for data
collection. Then, survey forms are distributed to target respondents which are
people who are involved in the field of design and Islamic studies. Subsequently,
this target group is triangulated to capture different perspectives of the same
phenomenon. Result from this research shows that Islamic animated infographic
model is capable of conveying da’wah values in comprehensive manner whereby
da’wah values are understood and practiced in daily lives. Islamic animated
infographic model for da’wah dissemination is not just for the audience to accept
it as mere entertainment, but to disseminate the da’wah as well. It could be
concluded that animated infographic could be one of the alternative methods to
disseminate da’wah as well as a creative and attractive approach in showing the
beauty of Islam.
xv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The dynamic and rapid development of computer brought many
advantages and become the most important tool in today’s activities of
human life. In this era, the society is like technocentrism whose value
system is centered more on technology. They have absolute faith in
technology and have control over nature (Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen
Shaikh Mohd Salleh, 2003). Nowadays, Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) is considered to be the main resource for getting and
disseminating any kind of information. Every Muslim that believes in
Allah knows the attainment in ICT is one indication of success that needs
to be used in order to find the truth (Wan Noor Hazlina Wan Jusoh &
Kamaruzaman Jusoff, 2009). People are encouraged to find the creation
sign of Allah through any medium that is available nowadays in the
digital era. Nothing impossible in seeking knowledge, especially in
today’s world. As Allah had mentioned in Surah Fussilat (41:53):
1
“We shall show them our sign in the horizons and in their
own souls, until it becomes clear to them that it, namely,
the Qur’an, is the truth is it not sufficient that your Lord is
witness to all things.”
ICT should become a tool used by the users that corresponding
with Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah (purpose of Sharī’ah), which is darūriyyāt
means the essential, necessities, and vital in fulfillment of life in this
word and hereafter (Aznan Zuhid Saidin, 2012b). It kept five basic
necessities such as religion, life, intellect, lineage and property. In terms
of religious observance, ICT can help in spreading the message and
information of Islamic faith and theology more broadly (Aznan Zuhid
Saidin, 2012d).
In view of that, infographic seems to become a useful technique to
communicate with effective information to the audience. “Infographics is
trying to convey complex information to an audience in a manner that
can be quickly consumed and easily understood” (Smiciklas, 2012).
Infographics reveal a highly potential platform as a visual
communication tool which enhancing knowledge and providing effective
communication (Vanichvasin, 2013) to the audience. This will lead
attraction and attention to the audience and they will understand more
about the information was given (Giardina & Medina, 2013). Bennett
(2015) explained that “infographics have the potential to engage and
2
visually communicate in a way that normal text cannot. The latest
development in visual communication leverages the power and
engagement potential of online video with animated infographics using
motion graphics software and techniques”. This is one of the methods of
using infographics to tell stories through animated form (Mendenhall,
2013). Motion graphics is one of the infographic category which be part
of animated infographics because it consists of viewing, listening and
reading of user interaction (Lankow, Ritchie, & Crooks, 2012).
Furthermore, Lankow et al. (2012) stated that the meaning of motion
graphics is “a captivating way to engage in effective communication and
information conveyed through the use of aesthetically designed, created,
composed and enlivened visuals and text”. Animated infographics have
emerged from infographics and it’s become increasingly popular because
it can appeal the eyes of the audience rather than words alone. Animated
infographics are able to convey more information with successive images
compared with still images (Soyluçiçek, 2015). As mentioned by Bennett
(2015), animated infographics are compatible in making understandable
for the concept and issues which are unclear. Part of this, animated
infographics for the da’wah dissemination or in another word, Islamic
animated infographic become one of the alternative ways to understand
the Islamic knowledge in the era of ICT by utilizing the fullest
advantages of the technology. Islamic animated infographic means
Islamic education through Infographics. Furthermore, it becomes the
3
alternative way to uphold the righteous of Islam. The aim of Islamic
animated infographic is to convey the message of Islam through the
creative way in simple and attractive design. This cyber-missionary can
be a medium of spreading religious belief, particularly to Muslim and
non-Muslim.
An extensive review of several related literature reviews leads to
some motivation towards further study in this area. The following of
conceptual diagrams leads to the further direction and expectations of
this study.
1.2 Problem Statement
This research is undertaken based on the premise that an
appropriate model for Islamic animated infographic is needed to spread
the da’wah using creative and attractive approach. Animated infographic,
Islamic perspective and da’wah view has been addressed by several
authors.
Issue like information mixing was identified. Information explosion
and technology booster nowadays allowing people easily access the
information from their fingertips. Somehow information mixing makes
people confusing, difficult recalling and understanding level is low
because of information delivered is ineffective and inefficient. This is
because, the quantity of information nowadays was overwhelmed people
4
in capture the attention of the audience (Milovanovic & Ivanisevic,
2014).
Furthermore, another issue such as lack of clear communication for
audience to understand the message delivered is one of the factors which
prevent animated infographics to convey with effective message towards
the audience. According to Albers (2014), communication will be a
failure if infographics gone in a wrong way if it is using with incorrect
visual communication.
Moreover, issue like a small number and use as da’wah medium
also addressed. The number and use of infographics as a medium to
convey and disseminate the da’wah among society is too small. To the
researcher’s knowledge, there is a very limited study that has examined
to convey the da’wah through creative and attractive approach. The small
number of this infographics to convey the da’wah makes ineffective
dissemination. This is because, the usage of this platform is not yet
extensive use due to some perception and preference for the
entertainment purposes only (Fadzli Adam, Marhana Mohamed Anuar, &
Ab. Hamid Ali, 2014). This makes the difficulty among preachers to use
it for the da’wah medium because a lack of information related.
This study is distinct from the previous studies about animated
infographics had been discussed in general. There is a lack of specific
models to assist in producing a good Islamic animated infographic. A
specific model needs to assist in producing an appropriate Islamic
5
animated infographic corresponding with the nature of da’wah
dissemination through technology to the Muslim community in Malaysia.
The fundamental problems that motivate this study are what the elements
and suitable items for Islamic animated infographic in building the
appropriate model for the da’wah dissemination.
Thus, the problems that this study exactly intends to develop an
Islamic animated infographics model as an alternative method of da’wah
spreading by using creative and attractive approach from the case study
of Prophet’s Sunnah in eating and drinking. The relationship of Maqāsid
al-Sharī’ah and prototype design is that it can help spreading the Islamic
information (context of the basic necessity of the religion) through
creative approach which is through Islamic animated infographic.
1.3 Research Questions
Based on the research background and problems, this study attempts to
answer the following research questions:
1. What are the elements for Islamic animated infographic model?
2. How the elements of Islamic animated infographic model affect
towards the level of acceptance in da’wah?
3. How model of Islamic animated infographic is formed?
6
1.4 Research Objectives
The study aims to develop an Islamic animated infographic model for the
da’wah dissemination. Specifically, the objectives of the study are:
1. To determine the elements of Islamic animated infographic as suitable
items in a model.
2. To evaluate the elements of Islamic animated infographic model that
affect towards the level of acceptance in da’wah.
3. To propose a model of Islamic animated infographic for the da’wah
dissemination.
Table 1.1: Summary of research objectives, research questions, issues and process
Research Research Issue Process
Objective Question
To determine What are the There are no Content
the elements of elements of specific elements analysis
Islamic animated Islamic to measure the
animated animated suitable items for Document
infographic as infographic as Islamic animated analysis
suitable items. suitable items? infographic.
To evaluate the How the elements The combination Prototype
elements of of Islamic of Islamic design
Islamic animated animated
animated infographic effect infographic Expert
infographic that towards the level elements and the Assessment
affect towards of acceptance in da’wah
the level of da’wah? components. Survey
acceptance in question
da’wah.
7
Research Research Issue Process
Objective Question
To propose a How model of Model of Islamic Descriptive
model of Islamic Islamic animated animated analysis
animated infographic is infographic was
infographic for formed? adapted from
the da’wah communication
dissemination. model and it was
suited to the
da’wah
components.
1.5 Significance of the Study
This research is significant to discover an empirical evidence in
exploring about an Islamic animated infographics model for the da’wah
dissemination. Islamic animated infographics seem to become one of the
excellence visual aids that useful in getting and disseminating
information which can assist people to explore more about theology and
Islamic knowledge in context of da’wah dissemination in Malaysia. It is
also can act as the medium of the da’wah. An Islamic animated
infographic is exciting infographics because users can understand much
better in the most appealing, fun and easiest way.
8
1.6 Scope of the Thesis
This study focuses on the title of Prophet’s Sunnah in eating and
drinking. This case study was specifically tested for the scope of da’wah
dissemination in Malaysia. Basically, Islamic animated infographic is not
too much exposure in Malaysia. Thus, it was focused only the people that
have a background in design and Islamic studies. These two groups were
involved in expert evaluation and survey of the respondents. These two
different groups were triangulated in order to provide better
understanding.
1.7 Definition of Key Terms
The definition and description of some of the key terms used in the
study are presented as below:
1.7.1 Islamic Animated Infographic
Islamic animated infographic can be defined as the infographic in
animated form which have an Islamic content. It differs from animation
because animated infographic serving much more information that are
appearing in that animation. In contrast with animation, it only serves
animation without guided the audience with information. This
9
opportunity gives advantage to animated infographic in making more
understanding of the audience in delivering the information. Islamic
animated infographic give opportunity to the audience in understanding
the knowledge of Islam through animated infographics.
1.7.2 Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah
The purpose of Sharī’ah (Islamic religious law) which cover the
aspects of Al-Ḍarūriyyāt (essentials, necessities), Al-Ḥājiyyāt
(complementary needs or exigencies) and Al-Tahsīniyyāt (enhancements,
embellishments and luxuries) (Aznan Zuhid Saidin, 2012b).
1.7.3 Sunnah
The practices of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) such as his sayings,
deeds and tacit approvals (Aznan Zuhid Saidin, 2012b).
1.7.4 Da’wah
Da’wah or preaching can be defines as “inviting people to do a
good deed in all aspects of life” (Fadzli Adam et al., 2014). The meaning
of the da’wah by Muhammad Al-Ghazali is a complete planning for all
sorts of knowledge for human in explaining the purpose and goal of life
10
as a guidance (Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin, 2005). Furthermore, according to
Abd. Aziz Ahmad (2011), da’wah can be defined as inviting and calling
people to believe and obey God according to the faith, Sharī’ah and
Islamic morality.
1.7.5 Da’ē
According to Norrodzoh Hj. Siren (2006) and Abd. Aziz Ahmad
(2011) da’ē is the people who are entrusted to bring the message of
Allah.
1.7.6 Mad’u
It gives the meaning by the person who is preaching or in this
context is the audience of Islamic animated infographic.
1.7.7 Maudu’
It can be defined as content. As stated by Syed Muhammad
Dawilah Al-Idrus and Mohd Lutfi Solehan (2009), the content of da’wah
can be topic of faith, worship, moral and others. Interesting content will
attract more people to learn Islam through animated infographic.
11
1.7.8 Manhaj
It gives meaning by the way or method (Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin, 2001,
2005). Da’wah methodology has different aspects that need to
emphasize.
1.7.9 Wasā’il
It can be defined as a medium or channel (Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin,
2005; Fadzli Adam et al., 2014). Medium to deliver the message, content
and thought to the audience. Islamic animated infographic is one of
channel to disseminate da’wah through creative and attractive approach.
1.7.10 Uslub
It can be defined as a technique in preaching. It also can be a
strategy and approach that can be done by da’ē to the mad’u. (Syed
Muhammad Dawilah Al-Idrus & Mohd Lutfi Solehan, 2009)
12
1.7.11 Techno-da’ē
Techno-da’ē give meaning of the people which have knowledge of
Islam and skills of use of technology to preach (Wan Adli Wan Ramli &
Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid, 2006). In making a good Islamic
animated infographic, the collaboration of two groups are needed such as
the designers and the preachers. According to (Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen
Shaikh Mohd Salleh, 2003), the designers act as a “technology” while the
preachers act as a “content”.
1.8 Organization of the Thesis
The first chapter of the thesis, is the background of the study, aims
to provide the overview of the thesis. This chapter includes problem
statements, research questions, research objectives, significance of the
study, the scope of the thesis and definition of key terms.
The second chapter of the thesis, is a literature review, intends to
identify research focused area which can be used to support the study.
This chapter is comprised of an introduction, definition of the key terms,
types of infographics, definition and conceptualization of animated
infographics, model and framework of animated infographics and
research focus area which are the elements of information,
communication and technology.
13
Next, the third chapter of the thesis is research methodology which
aims to provide research framework, research flowchart, research design,
research instrument development, expert assessment worksheet, the
design of the survey questionnaire, population and sample size, sampling
design, data collection procedure and prototype design
Then, for the fourth chapter discussed the result and discussion. In
this section, it was presented the result of the study, which are the expert
assessment of the prototype design, analysis of survey and the discussion
of the findings.
Lastly, chapter fifth discussed about the conclusion of the study. It
was covered the recapitulation of a study finding, the contribution of the
research to theoretical and practical aspects, limitation and suggestion for
the future study and conclusion of the thesis.
1.9 Summary
In this chapter, the researcher was realized that the importance of
creative da’wah through Islamic animated infographics by having an
appropriate model. This is because da’wah spreading become more
efficient since it have a model to make easier and faster in getting the
knowledge of Islam.
14
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Islamic animated infographic for the da’wah dissemination is one
of the alternative ways for uphold the knowledge of Islam through a
creative approach. Nowadays, Islamic da’wah needs to be changed
according to the current situation. Da’wah through the digital needs to
“change in space and time as well as the appearance of new values in the
society” (Fadzli Adam et al., 2014). This is one way to attract more
Muslims and non-Muslims to learn more about Islam through new
media. According to Fadzli Adam et al. (2014), “using new media as a
medium of religious preaching has been widely practiced by various
religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam”.
Religious propagation in today’s world tends to use cyberspace as a
medium to convey the understanding of each religion. This is no
exception of the Muslim to deliver the message of Islam as a way to
uphold this sacred religion as well as the command of Allah. It is based
on the command of Allah who calls Muslims doing the da’wah. As surah
Al-Nahl has been stated:
15
Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good
instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. (An-
Nahl, 16:125)
In this āyāt (sign) in the Qurān, Allah commands man to convey the
message in a thoughtful manner and with good advice (Abd. Aziz
Ahmad, 2011; Nor Raudah Hj. Siren, 2006; Norrodzoh Hj. Siren, 2006).
2.2 Infographic
Infographics provide a good platform as a visual communication
tool which enhancing knowledge and providing effective communication
(Vanichvasin, 2013) to the users. “Infographic is a new approach to
visualize data. Another word for the infographic is information
visualization or data visualization” (Siricharoen, 2013). The effectiveness
of animated infographics shows data communication embedded with the
compelling video to ensure the audience understood with the most
practical approach.
16
2.2.1 Types of Infographics
Basically, infographics can be divided into three types which are
static, interactive and motion. The best infographics are determined on
the effectiveness of containing and delivering the information to
communicate (Lankow et al., 2012). This because different infographics
have different approaches that every infographic have their own
privileges. The static infographic is using still image because it is fixed
information and consists of viewing and reading for user interaction
besides it works as narrative information (Lankow et al., 2012).
Figure 2.1: Types of infographics
Source: Arafah (2010)
17
The static infographics design tries to represent simple information
from complex one by showing graphics, charts, text (Giardina & Medina,
2013). Therefore, user the interaction for interactive infographic is
consist of clicking and searching specific of data display whereas it can
be fixed or dynamic information input (Lankow et al., 2012).
Furthermore, when referring to motion graphics, it is also known as
animated infographics. This graphics usually can animate the
infographics (Lankow et al., 2012). This is one of the methods of using
infographics to tell stories through animated form (Mendenhall, 2013).
Animated infographics itself consists of viewing, listening and reading of
user interaction (Lankow et al., 2012). Animated infographics try to
convey the same information with other infographics but in moving
images. This will lead attraction and attention to the viewers and they
will understand more about the information given (Giardina & Medina,
2013).
18
2.2.2 Static Infographic
Figure 2.2: Static infographic
Source: Krum (2013)
Figure 2.2 shows one of the examples of static infographics. Basically,
the static infographic is a simple image and easy to digest the
information. It is efficient for users to understand the information using
simple text and attractive color. Static infographics are one of the
effective ways in presenting rich data in a single image (Lankow et al.,
2012).
19
2.2.3 Interactive Infographic
Figure 2.3: Interactive infographic
Source: futureofcarsharing.com (2013)
Interactive infographics contain more information rather than static
infographics because its provide interaction with the users and create
bonding in knowledge sharing (Lankow et al., 2012). Figure 2.3 shows
the examples of interactive infographics that require to the users to click
the button, press the keyboard or scroll down the information to know
further about the information given.
20
2.2.4 Motion Graphics
Figure 2.4: Motion graphics
Source: Bonbin Studio (2014)
Unlike interactive infographic, motion graphics usually make the
users do not need to click the button or scroll down the information. They
just need to watch the video to understand it. Figure 2.4 shows how users
are guided by the complex information to simple with attractive motion
graphics. The motion graphics can appeal the audience emotionally
through music while expressing from voice-over and merge with imagery
of motion that will give an opportunity for audience communicate the
information message in an effective way (Lankow et al., 2012).
21
2.3 Definitions and Conceptualization of Animated Infographics
There is no common word for animated infographic in the
multimedia field. But when referring to motion graphics, it can be known
as animated infographics. This is because motion graphic is one of
infographic types. Motion graphics means “a captivating way to engage
in effective communication and information conveyed through the use of
aesthetically designed, created, composed and enlivened visuals and text”
(Lankow et al., 2012). Another name for the motion graphic is animated
graphic. What makes the difference between an animated infographic and
animated graphic (motion graphic) is the information is embedded in an
animated graphic. This makes animated infographic have its own
privileges and differ from others.
Motion
Graphics Animated Infographics
Infographics
Figure 2.5: Venn diagram of animated infographics
Source: Nur Nazihah Rahim, Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir, Anuar Mohd Yusof,
and Khairul Azhar Mat Daud (2015)
22
2.4 Previous Studies in Islamic Animated Infographic as a Da’wah Medium
Figure 2.6: Example of the previous study of Islamic animated infographic
Source: Darul Arqam Studios (2015)
Previously, there are existing the animated infographics for the
da’wah dissemination. An example of the Islamic animated infographic
above shows the video animation about the importance and the need for
integration in the family and the mosque which emphasized by using the
amazing video reminder. This beautiful lesson was narrated by Nouman
Ali Khan, who is an American Muslim. He is a great Islamic scholar and
speaker in America and well-known in all around the world. While the
video reminder illustrated by Darul Arqam Studio.
23
2.5 Model for Islamic Animated Infographic
There are various types of communication model that can be found.
The basis of this model is to show the interaction between two parties
(commonly use as sender and receiver). Below is the basic
communication model to interpret the successful message.
Figure 2.7: The basic communication model
Source: Gallagher and Paldy (2007)
24
In Islamic animated infographic, the model was designed based on
the requirement of the da’wah dissemination. This is to ensure the
success of da’wah that can be transferred the message of Islam to the
audience (mad’u).
Figure 2.8: The characteristic of Islamic animated infographic model
adapted from communication model (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007)
and da’wah elements (Fadzli Adam et al., 2014)
Islamic animated infographic seems can hand out leaflets of
da’wah effectively to the target audience by delivering an attractive and
creative content. Da’wah is a duty laid upon to the Muslims after
appointed become a vicegerent by Allah on earth (Nor Raudah Hj. Siren,
2006). The main purpose of the da’wah is to create happiness in this
world and the hereafter by gaining the pleasure of Allah (Abd. Aziz
Ahmad, 2011). The mission of da’wah is still relevant even in the era of
25
globalization (Abd. Aziz Ahmad, 2011). Da’wah consist of five elements
which are da’ē (preacher), mad’u (public), maudhu’ (topic), manhaj
(methodology) and wasā’il (medium) (Fadzli Adam et al., 2014). These
five elements are related to each other to ensure da’wah can be delivered
in a successful manner. Dissemination of the da’wah should perform in
the best way and organize (Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin, 2005). This is because
du’at (preachers) should have a good strategy in delivering the message
of Islam so that mad’u can easily accepting the da’wah from the da’ ē.
As stated by Norrodzoh Hj. Siren (2006), da’wah is a call that runs with
good planning to ensure the effectiveness. It must be accompanied by
uslub (technique) and procedures that are good for the people who are
invited. In this era, da’ē needs to be smart in using the opportunity to
preach using the technologies. Use of technology to preach seen having a
big impact towards the target audience. It is supported by Nor Raudah
Hj. Siren (2006), it is capable of serving any information about Islam in
terms of quality of content delivery and ensure its effectiveness. She also
mentioned that it is able to disseminate the information efficiently,
quickly and systematically.
Da’ē must be creative in using new media to convey the message
of Islam to the mad’u (audience). As stated by Norrodzoh Hj. Siren
(2006) and Abd. Aziz Ahmad (2011), da’ē is the people who are
entrusted to bring the message of Allah. The elements of Islamic
animated infographic need to derive from Qurān and Hadith as a
26
guideline. This is the task for the da’ē to refer the content of Islamic
animated infographic from these primary sources of Muslim. Qurān is a
reminder to the humankind which is having sent down to the Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH). Moreover, Qurān is a valuable gift bestowed upon
the Lord to provide guidance and teaching to the mankind in the daily
life. As Allah had mentioned in the Qurān:
Ta, Ha. We have not sent down to you the Qurān that you
be distressed. But only as a reminder for those who fear
[Allah]. A revelation from He who created the earth and
highest heavens. The Most Merciful [who is] above the
Throne established. (Taha, 20: 1-5)
Hadith is the second major source of reference after the Qurān. Hadith is
essential in understanding the contents of the Qurān as a source of
reference for the Muslims.
I have left with you two things. You will not go astray as
long adhered to both, (namely) the Book of Allah and the
Sunnah of His Messenger. (Hadith Sahih Lighairihi, HR
Malik, al-Hakim, al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Nasr, Ibn Hazm.
Validated by Shaikh Salim al-Hilali in Ta’zhim At fil
Intisharis Sunnah wal Minnah, pp. 12-13).
27
Qurān and Hadith are needed as a guideline in designing Islamic
animated infographics. There are two ways to address evidence which are
from Qurān and Hadith (Norrodzoh Hj. Siren, 2006). This is because the
information presented by Islamic animated infographic needs the precise
information based on the Qurān and Hadith, which are the primary
sources for Muslims. When the elements contained in the Islamic
animated infographic such as information, communication and
technology linked to Qurān and Hadith, the mad’u will be convinced by
the message that is delivered in Islamic animated infographics. The
attractive design in Islamic animated infographic will also appeal the
audience in gaining religious knowledge. When a heavy message is
delivered through the interactive and attractive medium like Islamic
animated infographic, the audience more appreciates that kind of
knowledge and indirectly practices it in daily life.
The elements of Islamic animated infographic consist of
information, communication and technology. Information element acts as
maudhu’ which means the topic of the Islamic animated infographic.
While the other two elements which are communication and technology
acts as a manhaj which is the methodology of the whole process of
Islamic animated infographic. The communication method of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) in disseminates the da’wah is very special and
suitable for all ages (Norrodzoh Hj. Siren, 2006). This is because the
Prophet himself preaches to his people through the process of
28
communication with excellent and effective communication methods
until He can Islamize the world from disbelief.
Maudhu’ of the Islamic animated infographic should have an
interesting content. To find the quality of message contained in the
Islamic animated infographic requires perseverance and diligence of
da’ē. Four messages can be delivered in the preaching such as current
issues, faith issues, issue on Sharī’ah and moral issues (Norrodzoh Hj.
Siren, 2006).
Muslims need to diversify the da’wah method (Wan Adli Wan
Ramli & Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid, 2006). As Allah mention in
āyāt (sign) in Al-Ma’idah verse 35:
O you who have believed, fear Allah and seek the means
[of nearness] to Him and strive in His cause that you may
succeed.(Al-Ma’idah, 4: 35)
Manhaj which means the da’wah methodology. It requires a good
presentation, channels and attractiveness by appropriate and regular
arranged (Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin, 2005). As stated by Wan Adli Wan Ramli
and Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid (2006), the method of da’wah need a
good presentation skill and skill of communication technology. This two
combination will produce an excellent content of the Islamic animated
infographic. The content of da’wah is the information to be
29
conveyed. Among others, it requires management skills and information
technology (Wan Adli Wan Ramli & Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid,
2006). This is because it can affect the target audience to receive the
message content delivered. Clear communication in Islamic animated
infographic is the most important thing by choosing the best style and the
right language. Style of Islamic animated infographic must be beautiful,
eye-catching, perfectly arranged and must look professional. In addition,
a good language should be used to avoid boredom and mess in term of
graphics (Wan Adli Wan Ramli & Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid,
2006). In verse 125 in āyāt (sign) in an-Nahl, Allah mentioned about the
way of preaching in Islam. There are three types which are al-hikmah
(wisdom), al-mauizah hasanah (good advice) and al-mujadalah bi allati
hiya ahsan (argue with them in a way that is best) (Abd. Aziz Ahmad,
2011).
Table 2.1: Da’wah methods in Islam
Manhaj (method) Explanation
Al-hikmah (wisdom) Da’ē needs to know the purpose of da’wah and mad’u knows who will be the
target of da’wah. The content should be
sourced to the teachings of Islam which
are Qurān and Hadith.
Al-mauizah hasanah Contains the definition of da’wah that will
(good advice) give satisfaction to those who were
subjected to da’wah by means of such
good advice, moral and exemplary. The
diversity of format presentation and
delivery strategy can be extended to
attract more audiences.
30
Manhaj (method) Explanation
Al-mujadalah bi The exchange of ideas in a way that best
allati hiya ahsan suits the conditions of the target audience.
(Argue with them in The interactive program will result in
a way that is best) bilateral relations between the presenter
and recipient information. Source: Abd. Aziz Ahmad (2011)
Uslub (technique) is not one of the pillars in da’wah but it is vital
in preaching. Uslub is da’wah strategies and approaches that change
according to the needs and situation, place, times, objectives, materials
and media used (Wan Adli Wan Ramli & Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab.
Majid, 2006). The processing of da’wah material to form a good uslub is
intended to appeal the target audience in order to understand Islam with
correctly and completely. They also mentioned that, it can be done with
the various uslub to get an attraction of the audience. Whatever effective
uslub can be used which is parallel with the Islamic teaching. According
to Wan Adli Wan Ramli and Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid (2006),
techno-da’ē need to use uslub of taysir (ease), tabsyir (delight) compared
uslub of ta’sir (difficulty) and tanfir (alienate) as Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH) was said, you must make ease and do not make difficult and
give a good news and delight and do not alienate them. In addition, they
added that techno-da’ē can use uslub of advice, uslub of teaching, uslub
of storytelling, uslub of comparison, uslub of persuasion or threat uslub.
31
Table 2.2: Elements of attraction in manhaj of da’wah
Elements of Da’wah Animated
attraction perspective Infographics Attractive of Human nature loves the
presentation beauty. Thus, the beauty
of the verses in Qurān
should be translated
through the da’wah.
Da’wah, should refer to
the Qurān, which is
performances in the most
beautiful language, style
of presentation, logical
message, story and others.
Sensitive to The da’wah should have
the problem sympathy with the
of target problems faced by mad’u
audience (audience).
Raised the Something issues served
issue in a to the audience will be
right time more interesting if it is
placed at the right time.
Highlighting Something that will be
elements that featured and highlighted
need to be to attract the target audience if it becomes
necessary.
Based on the Knowledge of psychology
psychology and uslub of da’wah is
inseparable.
Psychology is the
knowledge which
connected with the soul
and human thought. While
uslub of da’wah is how to
influence the soul and
human thought. Uslub of
da’wah relies on direct
toward psychology.
It should be delivered to
the audience in the form
of a beautiful and
interesting addition to
containing the elements
of the verses of Qurān
and Hadith related to
the topics which are presented Islamic animated infographic.
Human instincts and needs to be included in the issues of da’wah.
Sensitive to the current issues. The audience
will be more focus if an issue is timely.
The issue of Islamic animated infographic presented should act as a problem-solver.
Animated
infographic should have a psychological element
in delivery to be used as guidance as well as an
attraction.
32
Elements of Da’wah Animated
attraction perspective Infographics
Understandin The success of da’wah Animated infographics g the during the first stage is the needto have an
vacancy of absorption of understanding and
Islamic understanding and awareness of Islam
assertion awareness of Islam. So for through a creative
its escalation, fill a approach.
vacancy in accordance
with Islam. Source: Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin (2005)
The role of the mass media or nowadays known as the new media
seems to effectively work as an agent for the transfer of information to
mad’u. Wasā’il (channel / medium) carried by the new media is able to
influence the thought of today’s society. Wasā’il is a medium or media to
deliver the message, the content and thought to the target audience (Ab.
Aziz Mohd. Zin, 2005).
Da’wah requires uslub (technique) and have the careful planning
by giving the influence to the target audience (Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin,
2005). The person who is the object of da’wah called mad’u or audience
(Abd. Aziz Ahmad, 2011). Identify the mad’u or target audience was the
first thing needs to be examined in ensuring the success of the da’wah
approach. This is to identify the problems faced by mad’u. Moreover, the
content of the da’wah need to be adjusted with the situation of the target.
The preparation for the content of the da’wah varies according to
differences in religious beliefs (Muslim and non-Muslim), culture and so
on. The contents of the message to different target audience should be
33
evaluated based on the compatibility of the problems they faced (Ab.
Aziz Mohd. Zin, 2005).
Table 2.3: Da’wah content for Muslim and non-Muslim
Target Method
audience
Muslim The content of the da’wah led to the disclosure obligation
must be performed by every individual as the
commandment from Allah.
O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the
Messenger and do not invalidate your deeds. (Muhammad,
47: 33)
And establish prayer and give zakah and obey the
Messenger - that you may receive mercy. (An-Nur, 24:56)
Non- Da’wah, that led to the religious faiths that their belief. Muslim Da’wah shaped by inviting the target audience think about
their beliefs and practices.
But they have attributed to Allah partners - the jinn, while
He has created them - and have fabricated for Him sons
and daughters without knowledge. Exalted is He and high
above what they describe. [He is] Originator of the
heavens and the earth. How could He have a son when He
does not have a companion and He created all things? And
He is, of all things, Knowing. That is Allah, your Lord;
there is no deity except Him, the Creator of all things, so
worship Him. And He is Disposer of all things. (Al-An’am,
6: 100-102)
Indeed, you approach men and obstruct the road and
commit in your meetings [every] evil. And the answer of
his people was not but they said, “Bring us the punishment of Allah, if you should be of the truthful.” (Al-‘Ankabut,
29: 29)
34
Target Method
audience
Do they associate with Him those who create nothing and
they are [themselves] created?. And the false deities are
unable to [give] them help, nor can they help themselves.
And if you [believers] invite them to guidance, they will not
follow you. It is all the same for you whether you invite
them or you are silent. Indeed, those you [polytheists] call
upon besides Allah are servants like you. So call upon
them and let them respond to you, if you should be truthful.
Do they have feet by which they walk? Or do they have
hands by which they strike? Or do they have eyes by which
they see? Or do they have ears by which they hear? Say,
[O Muhammad], "Call your ‘partners’ and then conspire
against me and give me no respite. (Al-A’raf, 7: 191-195)
Source: Ab. Aziz Mohd. Zin (2005)
The da’wah principle is to invite others to do good and forbid the evil.
There are ten guidelines that need to be considered in preaching in the era
of globalization by Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi.
Table 2.4: Guideline in preaching from Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi
Guideline Explanation
Called upon Muslims Da’wah must be delivered not only for Muslims
and non-Muslims to but also for non-Muslims. In the presence of
Islam media technology, everyone from all around the
world able to access it.
Presenting Islam as a Islam presents a complete balance sheet both in
whole the field of faith, worship, morality, manners,
law nor civilization.
35
Guideline Explanation
Derived from the Islamic teachings, law and values are drawn from
Qurān and Hadith the Qurān and As-Sunnah.
Stick to the Stick to the wasathiyyah in understanding the
wasathiyyah reality of Islam and not excessive or too loose.
(modesty)
Held principles to Preserving the principle of easiness not
facilitate not complicated one. This is in accordance with the
troublesome message of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
“Simplify do not complicated, but give glad
tidings and do not frighten timid”.
Combines the It means that the da’wah must come from a
originality and genuine source of Islamic teachings, supported
modernity by advances in technology as the medium of
delivery.
Not too fanatic Not too fanatic to the opinion of the old and new
thoughts. Also not to be flocking to a person
because every person, on his speech can be taken
and can be omitted.
Be gentle Treating people with gentle. Not by rude and
violence.
Combines knowledge It is important to draw the attention of the world
in content and community
presentation of an
interesting technique
In cooperation with Cooperate with other preachers or Islamic
the activists in Islam activists if possible to enhance the da’wah
for da’wah activities.
conveying Source: Abd. Aziz Ahmad (2011); Al-Qaradawi (2010, 2012)
36
The world is now experiencing marked changes in line with the
increasingly rapid progress of technology. People are exposed to
communications revolution which gives a serious impact in the media of
communication. In addition, the explosion and exploration of the
technology have a significant impact on the information and
communication system. Elements of information, communication and
technology in Islamic animated infographic need to be managed properly
in order to generate society who can administer and manage the nature
wisely. If this is not managed wisely, the universe will be destroyed at
the hands of the man itself. In the Holy Qurān also tells the story of the
past that were destroyed because of their own bad deeds.
And how many a generation before them did We destroy
who were greater than them in [striking] power and had
explored throughout the lands. Is there any place of
escape?. Indeed in that is a reminder for whoever has a
heart or who listens while he is present [in mind]. (Qaf,
50:36-37)
37
Table 2.5: Examples of the earlier people that have been destroyed
by Allah which mentioned in the Holy Qurān
The example of earlier people Qurānic verses
destroyed by the Lord
Damaging of the garden Saba’, 34:15-17, Al-Qalam,
68:17 -33
Property and body sunk into the Earth, like the Al-Qasas, 28:81
story of Qarun
Destruction of large flooded, like the Prophet Hud, 11 25-49
Noah.
The destruction of the king and his army drowned
the sea, like the story of Pharaoh and his army As-Syu’ara’,
26: 61-67
Lost in the land, change of generations and the Al-Ma’idah, 5:13
curse of Allah as was the case in the children of and 5:20-26
Israel
In general, the elements of information, communication and technology
would largely affected and give effect to man either a negative or
positive effect on the deeds and actions. If the information,
communication and technology are used appropriately, a positive value
will prevail. Such as a verse below:
And if only the people of the cities had believed and feared
Allah, We would have opened upon them blessings from
the heaven and the earth; but they denied [the
messengers], so We seized them for what they were
earning. (Al-‘A’raf, 7: 96)
38
Otherwise, if the elements of information, communication and
technology are not managed wisely, it will give a bad impact towards
life, community and nation. Below is a verse about the disasters caused
by human activities.
And whatever strikes you of disaster - it is for what your
hands have earned; but He pardons much. (Ash-Shuraa,
42:30)
39
2.6.1 Information
“Cyber world require a fast, accurate, easy and the most effective
system to get any kind of information” Fadzli Adam et al. (2014). In this
modern era, society and information seem cannot be kept away because
they are eager to know the information happened in all around the world.
People tend to get the information through any medium such as
newspaper, television, handheld devices and the internet. The internet
seems more popular used in getting the latest information because it is
served faster rather than other medium. This can be proof with almost
70% of broadband infiltrations among Malaysians and 20 hours for every
week investing energy on the web, the internet has now turn into the
significant hotspot for discovering information for the most part
throughout today’s era (Haslin Hasan & Hamdzun Haron, 2013). This
proves shows that, the internet becomes an essential tool in getting any
kind of the information in this era. At the point when searching for
information, the majority of them go online to tackle an issue, as opposed
to searching for new data. Every one of them use Search Engine such as
Google, blogs, YouTube and Facebook (Haslin Hasan & Hamdzun
Haron, 2013). Compared to the internet that can serve various of the
information in a blink of an eye (Fadzli Adam et al., 2014), Islamic
animated infographic is able and give potential to serve the information
41
with attractive manner. This is one of the ways to spread the da’wah by
delivering the information in a creative way.
Moreover, society lives with the bombardment of information and
they tend to quickly respond with the interesting information such as
colorful, interactive and fast-moving images. They react with this kind of
interactive medium to take the attention and choose undesirable
information that may be exhausting or superfluous (Gallagher & Paldy,
2007). In order to catch and snatch the attention of the audience,
information of Islamic animated infographic needs to organize clearly. It
also must be based on the authentic and precise information to make sure
the audience more confident and believe with that information delivered.
As mentioned by Gallagher and Paldy (2007), “information needs to be
presented clearly and in the right order to successfully tell the story or
sell the message. If the information does not organize in a manner that
the audience can understand, the message delivered failed.” Furthermore,
Gallagher and Paldy (2007) also stressed that crucial thing in developing
and delivering the information is it needed to organize well in order to
make sure the audience will be understood visually. The human mind can
perceive visual information very quickly rather than written or verbal
information (Dur, 2014). It also supported by Siricharoen and
Siricharoen (2015), the human brain can perceive visual information with
great success. Researchers said about 50% of the brain involved in visual
processing and people can visualize a scene in less 0.01 second
42
(Infographicsdesigners.co.uk, 2015). Infographics look can grab the eyes
of the audience. As stated by Krauss (2012), researcher has proved that
the sensory receptors in our body,70% live in the eyes. Nevertheless,
according to Nor Raudah Hj. Siren (2006) proved that about 80% of
human knowledge acquired through the senses of sight (vision), 11%
through ear sensory (hearing) and the remaining 9% is from the senses of
touch and taste. This clearly shows that the combination of the senses of
sight and hearing gives high input for the audiences to receive messages
effectively.
Another important thing needs to be considered before gathering,
designing and creating the information of Islamic animated infographics
is to know the target users or audience. Information served depends on
the knowledge of the audience. Knowing the background of the audience
is essential because information interpreted based on their understanding.
Besides, the information delivered will be understood if the designers
identify and get study first about the background of the audience before
they are designing the particular information. As stated by Gallagher and
Paldy (2007), when it comes to designing the information, two parties
will be involved which are the designers and the audience. Both parties
must have shared language which includes visual language and cultural
involvement. The designers should understand the social and cultural
value of the audience once it related to use the words and images
(Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). This is to ensure that the information
43
designed does not touch the sensitivity of the society, race and other
religion.
Furthermore, visual cues should be put when processing the
information for Islamic animated infographics. Every information need
to encode with cues to make sure the information interpreted successfully
(Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). A simple example of visual cues is when
someone in a bad mood, meaning they have a problem that needs to be
encountered. This is one of the examples of visual cues that are
happening in our daily life. However, the process of visual cues helping
the audience in understanding the information well. First thing first,
designers need to understand what the visual cues should be to put in the
information to ensure that the information is successfully processed
(Gallagher & Paldy, 2007).
Besides, visual hierarchy becomes an important element to attach
to the information. Visual hierarchy is an arrangement of the element that
shows the most important information and least important. It gives
guidance and influence to the eyes of the audience from what they are
seeing. It was supported by Eldesouky (2013), that human eyes follow
what they observing of the information because existing of visual
contrast between the forms that are involved. According to Gallagher and
Paldy (2007), visual hierarchy contains in all designs and this will guide
the audience about the message delivered by helping them to understand
the information. The first information, secondary and tertiary information
44
should provide a strong visual hierarchy. This means, the first
information should carry more information and visual weight. Whereas,
for the second information and next, information and visual weight
slightly carry less.
2.6.2 Information in Da’wah View
The web now has got to be real hotspots for information and that us
including religious information (Haslin Hasan & Hamdzun Haron, 2013).
Currently, the web becomes one of the platforms in getting and
disseminating any kind of information and knowledge. Information is
basic material for building the knowledge systems (Wan Adli Wan Ramli
& Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid, 2006). Religious information on the
web on this day getting increasing because people tend to learn the
knowledge of Islam without having a formal class or by having struggled
to move from their home to learn the knowledge of Islam. By all these
possibilities, they can get and learn the knowledge of Islam just by
clicking on with their fingers to know that particular knowledge. This
supported by Haslin Hasan and Hamdzun Haron (2013) which mentioned
that the internet becomes main sources in getting the information which
includes religious information.
Moreover, the web has additionally changed the religious talk in
numerous dynamic ways. Exclusion of space and time boundary allow
45
people in seeking and learning of knowledge for any place at any time
(Haslin Hasan & Hamdzun Haron, 2013). Thus, this will make life easier
in seeking the knowledge without spending a lot of money to attend the
class and reducing their energy to find the authority people to learn
Islam. Unfortunately, people need to be careful in accessing the
numerous number of Islamic information because it does not have the
validity of the information. Here, people need to refer to expertise in the
religious field, whether that information is authentic and can be trusted.
This is by has been proof by Haslin Hasan and Hamdzun Haron (2013),
where religious ideas are outside the mainstream because the difficulties
to control the information over the media. Moreover, according to Wan
Adli Wan Ramli and Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid (2006), problems
related to the unlimited information will lead to the information supplied
is false, speculative or defamatory. Lack of restrictions on unlimited
information would make widespread of falsehood until it is considered
true based on quantity rather than quality.
Information on Islam becomes one of the interesting topics to be
studied. In Islamic research, this is a new thing because it involves the
Islamic knowledge and also social knowledge. According to Zulkarnain
(2013), information in Islam is a new power for people. Muslim was
encouraged to seek the knowledge in this era of information. This
advancement gives the added-value to the people particularly for the
Muslim to become closely to the Lord (Zulkarnain, 2013). Technological
46
developments provide an opportunity to the society by providing the vast
of information particularly knowledge of Islam. Information in Islam is
not limited. Qurān has revealed in āyāt (sign) in Al-Kahf, 18 verse 109:
Say,” If the sea were ink for [writing] the words of my
Lord, the sea would be exhausted before the words of my
Lord were exhausted, even if We brought the like of it as a
supplement.”(Al-Kahf, 18:109)
Besides, information is attempting to influence a person’s attitude
and character (Agus Sofyandi Kahfi, 2006). Good and effective
information can be seen to become a transforming agent and shaping of
behavior and moral one. As the human need to have rules and adab
(ethics) in relation to other human beings, it is same goes in delivering
the information. According to Agus Sofyandi Kahfi (2006), the power of
information in influencing the audience, require an ethical aspect in
delivering the information which needs to be considered by the people
who are conveying the information. Islam (referring to the Qurān and
Hadith) arranges for the information delivery to effectively convey and
do not harm both parties (the people who have conveyed this information
and the audience), as well as do not reach out of the base and guidelines
that have been set out.
Today, we are living in the vast of information. Many types of
information that have been serving for us to become knowledgeable
47
people. Consequently, there has the information that allowed and
prohibited in Islam. Muslims should know the types of information that
can be accessed by them as a guideline. According to Abdul Karim
Batubara (2013), elements of wisdom should implement in the
propagation and dissemination of the information. Meanwhile, elements
of a reminder about the rewards and punishment already stated in various
verses in Qurān and Hadith about the information sharing and
conveying.
Table 2.6: Information which allowed in Islam
Information that Details
Allowed in Islam
Naba Al Haq Information delivered should be true. The content (The true story) of the information should be right and accurate.
a) Firm and truth information
And each [story] We relate to you from the
news of the messengers is that by which We
make firm your heart. And there has come to
you, in this, the truth and an instruction and a
reminder for the believers.(Hud, 11:120)
b) Information that is not hidden the right one
and try to combine with the right and wrong
information.
And do not mix the truth with falsehood or
conceal the truth while you know [it]. (Al-
Baqarah, 2:42)
Those to whom We gave the Scripture know
him as they know their own sons. But indeed,
a party of them conceal the truth while they
know [it].
(Al-Baqarah, 2:14)
48
Information that Details
Allowed in Islam
Information that contains the truth by
informing the truth is the truth and wrong is
wrong.
That He should establish the truth and
abolish falsehood, even if the criminals
disliked it. (Al-Anfal, 8:8)
Information delivered not favoring in any
group.
And if two factions among the believers
should fight, then make settlement between
the two. But if one of them oppresses the
other, then fight against the one that
oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of
Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement
between them in justice and act justly.
Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.(Al-
Hujurat, 49:9)
c) Information that could resolve disagreements.
Mankind was [of] one religion [before their
deviation]; then Allah sent the prophets as
bringers of good tidings and warners and
sent down with them the Scripture in truth to
judge between the people concerning that in
which they differed. And none differed over
the Scripture except those who were given it –
after the clear proofs came to them - out of
jealous animosity among themselves. And
Allah guided those who believed to the
truth concerning that over which they had
differed, by His permission. And Allah guides
whom He wills to a straight path.
(Al-Baqarah, 2:213)
49
Information that Details
Allowed in Islam
Al-amru bi Information must be contained good values and
ma’ruf wa al- reduce the awful value.
nahyi munkar You are the best nation produced [as an example]
(commanding for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid
good and what is wrong and believe in Allah. If only the
forbidding evil) People of the Scripture had believed, it would have
been better for them. Among them are believers,
but most of them are defiantly disobedient.
( Ali-‘Imran,3:110)
Hikmah Information delivered contain severe and factual
(Wisdom) which can be differentiated with right or wrong.
However, it contains the element of wisdom.
Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and
good instruction, and argue with them in a way
that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of
who has strayed from His way, and He is most
knowing of who is [rightly] guided. (An-Nahl,
16:125)
Tabayyun Information should be clear by finding the main
(Investigate) resources and information that can provide clear
information and clarification.
O you who have believed, if there comes to you a
disobedient one with information, investigate, lest
you harm a people out of ignorance and become,
over what you have done, regretful.(Al-Hujurat, 49:6)
Mauizah Information should serve the good example to the
hasanah public for them to follow.
(Good advice) Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and
good instruction, and argue with them in a way
that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of
who has strayed from His way, and He is most
knowing of who is [rightly] guided. (An-Nahl,
16:125)
50
Information that Details
Allowed in Islam
Layyin (gentle) Information conveyed by using the gentle words
and do not use the harsh word.
So by mercy from Allah, [O Muhammad], you
were lenient with them. And if you had been rude
[in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have
disbanded from about you. So pardon them and
ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the
matter. And when you have decided, then rely
upon Allah. Indeed, Allah loves those who rely
[upon Him].(Ali-‘Imran, 3:159) Source: Agus Sofyandi Kahfi (2006)
Other than that, there are also emphasized in Islam about the
information which is prohibited to be used in everyday life. This
prevention is for our benefits in this world and the hereafter.
Table 2.7: Information which prohibited in Islam
Information Details
Prohibited in Islam
La skhariyyah The information conveyed does not contain the
(Not discrediting elements of being disgrace other people and do not
others) shame others.
O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule
[another] people; perhaps they may be better than
them; nor let women ridicule [other] women;
perhaps they may be better than them. And do not
insult one another and do not call each other by
[offensive] nicknames. Wretched is the name of
disobedience after [one’s] faith. And whoever does
not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers.
(Al-Hujurat, 49:11)
Woe to every scorner and mocker. (Al-Humazah,
104:1)
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Information Details
Prohibited in Islam
La Su’ul al zhan The information cannot contain the elements of
(Not being suspicion.
suspicious) O you who have believed, avoid much [negative]
assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do
not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like
to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would
detest it. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Accepting
of repentance and Merciful. (Al-Hujurat, 49:12)
Why did they [who slandered] not produce for it four
witnesses? And when they do not produce the
witnesses, then it is they, in the sight of Allah, who
are the liars. (An-Nur, 24:13)
La tajaasus The information conveyed must do not have an
(Not peeping on element of surveillance to make shame and blemish
others) others.
O you who have believed, avoid much [negative]
assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do
not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like
to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would
detest it. And fear Allah ; indeed, Allah is Accepting
of repentance and Merciful. (Al-Hujurat, 49:12)
La ghibah The information does not exist the element of
(Not backbiting) backbiting or gossiping other people.
O you who have believed, avoid much [negative]
assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do
not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like
to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would
detest it. And fear Allah ; indeed, Allah is Accepting
of repentance and Merciful.(Al-Hujurat, 49:12)
La Buhtan The information cannot exaggerate to make the story
(Not lying) more interesting.
And they attribute to Allah that which they dislike,
and their tongues assert the lie that they will have the
best [from Him]. Assuredly, they will have the Fire,
and they will be [therein] neglected.
(An-Nahl, 16:62)
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Information Details
Prohibited in Islam
And do not say about what your tongues assert of untruth, “This is lawful and this is unlawful,” to invent falsehood about Allah. Indeed, those who
invent falsehood about Allah will not succeed.
(An-Nahl, 16:116)
La Ifkun Cannot disseminate the information which
(Not slandering manipulates the fact and do not make defamation of
/deceiving others) others.
Why did they [who slandered] not produce for it four
witnesses? And when they do not produce the
witnesses, then it is they, in the sight of Allah, who
are the liars. (An-Nur,24: 13)
Source: Agus Sofyandi Kahfi (2006)
2.6.3 Communication
Islamic animated infographic should deliver in most clear
information. Communication is needed in delivering the important
information to the audience. By having a good and excellent
communication style in animated infographic, a problem such as could
not understand the message could be solved. It needs to be delivered in
most simple and concise with precise information. Communication
through cyber as Islamic animated infographics for example are more
exciting and interesting because it is embedded with the audio, video,
animation, graphics and text which is information (Aznan Zuhid Saidin,
2012a). Some important elements of communication should emphasizing
53
by the designers on producing a good Islamic animated infographics
which are appeal, comprehension and retention (Lankow et al., 2012).
This three basic condition will provide effective visual communication
(Vanichvasin, 2013).
Figure 2.10: Elements of communication
Appeal means information must be clear and it should engage with the
audience. This will lead people’s attention and attraction. Peoples appealing
will increase the level of understanding in getting knowledge dissemination.
Visual communication needs to persuade in order to engage with the
audience. Apart of this, visual rhetoric is look practical to communicate the
visual images. As stated by Olson, Finnegan, and Hope (2008) in his book,
Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture, visual
rhetoric derived from the two terms which are visual and rhetoric. “Visual
implies the cultural practice of seeing and looking, as well as the artifacts
produced in diverse communicative forms
54
and media” while rhetoric means “as practice and theory concerns
persuasive symbolic actions primarily” (Olson et al., 2008). The power
of rhetorical figures give potential in give meaning and provide better
understanding to the audience (Lengler & Moere, 2009). According to
Norrodzoh Hj. Siren (2006), rhetoric is the art of using words and the art
of effective communication, whether in speaking or writing. She also
mentioned that, rhetoric allows study done on style or rhetorical elements
while creating space to learn the ins and outs of manipulating language to
become beautiful and efficient without compromising the sentence
structure and semantics. However, as Muslims they should trust the
strength of divine rhetoric contained in the Qurān as a guideline in the
formation of righteous rhetoric in order to attract and enable the delivery
of the message of Islam (Norrodzoh Hj. Siren, 2006).
Comprehension means effective communication gives the
audiences better understanding the information and knowledge delivered
(Vanichvasin, 2013). Visual learner needs to see something in visual
form in order to understand it (Lankow et al., 2012). The Neil Fleming’s
VAK model is a model to show about the style of thinking. VAK stands
for visual-auditory-kinesthetic, which express the way of learning style.
This model “provides a very easy and quick reference inventory by
which to assess people’s preferred learning style, and then most
importantly, to design learning methods and experience that matches
people’s preferences” (Leadership, 2010). Islamic animated infographic
55
can be related with the cognitive theory since it can give benefits by
stored for the long-term memory to the brain. According to Anuar Mohd.
Yusof and Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz (2010), cognitive theory focus on the
process of animation which is crucial in the learning process. It involves
the visual and auditory of the audience by seeing the images of the visual
path and hearing the narration for the verbal path. Cognitive process
“occur when the receiver element were integrated with the animation and
narration into the working memory” (Anuar Mohd. Yusof &
Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz, 2010).
Figure 2.11: VAK model
Source: Gray (n.d)
Furthermore, retention able to help people to retain information for
the long-term memory. The graphics give opportunity to people stored
information in their memory for long lasting because the human brain can
recall the symbols, scenes, pictures (Lankow et al., 2012).
56
Figure 2.12: Vitruvian principles
Source: Scalera (2014)
Vitruvius’ principles have three elements in measure the quality of
a good infographic which are utility, soundness and beauty (Lankow et
al., 2012). Balancing of three Vitruvian requirements determine visual
structuring of data attributes more ‘trivial’ (Moere & Purchase, 2011).
Utility means the way of infographics meet the objectives. There
are two approaches to reach an objective which are explorative and
narrative. Explorative leads the audience able to analyze the information
and can make the own conclusion. While narrative gives specific
information that inform predetermine story (Lankow et al., 2012). Both
approaches will give clarification of overall information to the audiences.
57
The element of utility gives effectiveness and efficiency to the designers
in order delivered the good infographics (Moere & Purchase, 2011).
“Soundness is concerned with reliability and robustness” (Moere &
Purchase, 2011). It is related to the quality of the visualization
presentation. The success of the infographic is able to communicate with
the meaningful information to the audiences. Messages transmission
plays the vital part in telling the story about the overall information. In
getting a good infographic, information itself need to complete,
trustworthy and interesting (Lankow et al., 2012). The subject matter of
the infographic need emphasized to ensure the level of willingness of
audiences to read the content. Besides, the content of the infographic
need to relate to the target audience (Lankow et al., 2012).
The beauty of the design plays an important aspect in conveying
the excellence information. Two things need to highlight such as format
and design quality. The outcome will be superior when appropriate
format is used. Besides, when the information represented in
straightening and design with appropriate given the subject matter, it can
be considered high quality and appealing the audience at the first glance
(Lankow et al., 2012).
58
2.6.4 Communication in Da’wah View
The role of the communication media must be started from the
principle of al-amru bi al-ma’ruf wa al-nahy munkar (commanding good
and forbidding evil). This principle is a benchmark of the role of the
communications media itself to ensure the maintenance of five major
Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah (the purposes of the Sharī’ah), which kept the
religion, intellect, lineage, life and property. According to Aznan Zuhid
Saidin (2012b), “Islamic communication can be understood to be all
forms of communications as guided by the Sharī’ah”(p. 78). This means
that the role of the communications media designed to be hovering
around the Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah itself. In this case there are two
approaches that must be played by the communications media in the
context of Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah such as approach social responsibility
and also from the point of development (Aminudin Basir @ Ahmad,
Mohamad Sabri Haron, & Nik Yusri Musa, 2009). Furthermore, Islamic
communication is about conveying the ma’lumat (information, ideas and
attitudes) that are exact and precise according to Islam (Zulkiplie Abd.
Ghani & Mohd Safar Hasim, 2004).
In addition, communication in Islam is visually perceived as a gift
from the Lord, and as a crucial ability for the improvement and
development of the individual-self and organizations (Siddiqui, 2003).
People as warisatul al-anbiya’ (Prophet’s inheritors), that appointed by
59
Allah to become a vicegerent on earth should emulate the methods of
communication of the Prophet with makes the Qurān and the Hadith as a
guide (Norrodzoh Hj. Siren, 2006). It was supported by Aznan Zuhid
Saidin (2012b), Qurān and the Hadith provide guidance in good conduct
and behavior while interact with other. Communication in Islam must be
started from Habl min Allah (relation between man and Allah) which is
Abdillah (slave of Allah) and Habl min al-nās (relation between man and
man) which is khalīfah (vicegerent). Allah gives the responsibility to the
human as khalīfah on this earth. People need to apply Habl min al-nās
relationship to communicate each other. This relationship needs
corresponding and connecting with the Habl min Allah relationship as a
highest rank of priority (Mohamad Fauzan Noordin, 2009). This
communication activity in Islam aimed to establish the vertical
relationship (Habl min Allah) between ‘slave’ and the Lord and also
horizontal relationship (Habl min al-nās) means the relationship between
human being. This kind of communication activities would increase the
level of taqwa (conscious of Allah) in the individual person and the
formation of a better transformation society under the Islamic principles.
These two ways of communication activities is to achieve the purpose of
human creation in this world (Mohamad Fauzan Noordin, 2013).
Knowledge dissemination process is also involving human
communication with the human (Norrodzoh Hj. Siren, 2006). Islamic
60
animated infographic seems can assist and help the human-beings in
fulfilling their relationship with Habl min Allah and Habl min al-nās.
A few words in the Qurān were mentioned about communication
activities such as Al-Bayan (explanation) and Al-Qawl (word).
Table 2.8: The words about communication activities that have
mentioned in Qurān
Al-Bayan Al-Qawl
(explanation) (word)
Ali-‘Imran: 138 Az-Zariyat: 8
Ar-Rahman: 4 An-Nisa’: 148 & 108
Al-Qiyamah: 19 Al-An’am: 112
Al-A’raf: 205
Ar-Ra’du: 10 & 33
An-Nahl: 86
Al-Anbiya’: 4 & 110
Al-Qasas:51 & 63
Az-Zumar: 18
Muhammad: 30
Al-Mujadilah: 2
Al-Hajj: 24
Al-Mu’min: 68
Source: Nur Nazihah Rahim et al. (2015)
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Furthermore, Islamic based-communication must be derived from
Qurān and Hadith. This is because everything in relation to the process
of communications, whether in the principles, methods, messages,
objects and media should be based on inspiration, and the Sunnah of the
Prophet (PBUH), i.e. his sayings or actions. This communication practice
is considered as a part of worship in Muslim life (Nor Saleha Mohd
Salleh, 2012). Besides, “the act of communicating Islam has been
promised by the Lord as an ahsan (better) reward” (Zulkiplie Abd. Ghani
& Mohd Safar Hasim, 2004). As mentioned in āyāt (sign) in Fussilat, 14
verse 33:
And who is better in speech than one who invites to Allah
and does righteousness and says, “Indeed, I am of the
Muslims.”
2.6.5 Technology
Nowadays, technology becomes an essential tool in line with the
age of globalization which increasingly moving towards superiority and
modernity. Design tools of technology seen make human activities easier
and faster. This was supported by Abd. Aziz Ahmad (2011) the
development of technologies makes simplifies the life become more
efficient and practical. In these days with the vastness of technologies
62
advancement, infographic could be transformed into animated images as
well (Siricharoen & Siricharoen, 2015). This possibility was realized by
having computers and software technologies that offered in creating
animated infographics (Soyluçiçek, 2015). Hence, Islamic animated
infographics could be a solution in disseminating the information
effectively. Animated infographics try to convey the same information
with other infographics but it tends to use video footage or animation to
create the illusion of motion (Visual.ly, 2014). The combination of data
visualization such as video, text, speech, special effect and 3D animation
make this kind of infographic have its own privilege and do differ from
other infographics (Visual.ly, 2014). Another advantage of Islamic
animated infographic is, it can catch the eyes and draw the attention of
the audience when they are seeing the infographic in animated form
(Rebecca, 2013; Skau, 2013).
Islamic animated infographic is able to become one of the
alternative ways of understanding the knowledge about Islam effectively.
With the explosion of the current technology, Islamic animated
infographics for the da’wah dissemination could be realized. Technology
has significantly affect in da’wah activities (Abd. Aziz Ahmad, 2011).
According to Nor Raudah Hj. Siren (2006), style of presentation with
futuristic and combined with the animation or movement images will
look attractive and stylish. This all thing can be generated through the
63
motion graphics by the designers in expressing their creativity (Gallagher
& Paldy, 2007).
Motion graphics are capable of producing a good Islamic animated
infographic because the capability of the software that allows for
perfectly designed. This is supported by Gallagher and Paldy (2007) that
most of the motion graphics produced with the help of a computer, using
a specific software. Motion graphics is a combination of traditional and
modern art. It is stated by Gallagher and Paldy (2007) that motion
graphics is hybrid; which combines the visual art of basic elements of
design that uses a traditional form of art and digital art and design used in
the technology. This combination surely produces a great output in
attracting in performing the da’wah and for more audience to study
Islamic knowledge through animated infographics. The advancement of
technology makes the method of preaching more creative and attractive
(Abd. Aziz Ahmad, 2011).
64
Figure 2.13: Elements and principles of motion graphics
Motion graphic is also known as moving graphic which is given
meaning by the hallucination of the movement or changing the look of
visual factors which are created by video or animation technology (Dare
& Asadollah, 2014). People referred animated infographics as motion
graphics. As mentioned before, motion graphic not necessarily
infographic. But it was surely animated infographic or it is also known as
an animated graphic. Only here, the animated graphic (motion graphics)
does not attach and discloses information elements in the graphics.
Motion graphics are a combined element of design and film. Type, color,
shape and line are the elements of design while from the film elements
65
consist of compositing and framing, sound and editing (Gallagher &
Paldy, 2007). The basic element of this design is very important in
producing a good graphics likely as animated infographic. Besides, other
influential factor and elements of motion graphics are motion, sound,
images and color (Dare & Asadollah, 2014).
The type is also known as typography. It is one of the components
used in the motion graphics (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). This word
commonly used to construct the message in graphic design by the letter
appearing on the computer screen as a way to communicate with the
audience (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007; Krashner, 2008). By having a proper
design of typography, the audience will understand more about the flow
of graphic and message delivered successfully. According to Gallagher
and Paldy (2007), the audience can understand more about the graphics
because the artistic decision is applied in the movement and effect of the
typography. Besides, verbal meaning contained in the typographic form
and it communicates effectively when the verbal message reach in the
state on the composition of the graphics (Evans & Thomas, 2003). Every
typography has its own style by having a different shape, design and
color. It is supported by Gallagher and Paldy (2007) that the style of the
letter contains the distinctive message behind the communication.
Moreover, typography also influenced by time and motion in enhancing
the communicative power to the audience (Krashner, 2008). This
interactive dimension is needed in producing a
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good graphic such as Islamic animated infographics in making the
audience more interested.
The color is one of the design elements. Color gives to affects the
mood of the audience. As stated by Gallagher and Paldy (2007), color
can affect a person’s attitude or mood. He also mentioned that, “use color
as a tool to impart the emotion of the design onto the viewer, guide them
in understanding the content, and use it to create impact and help them
remember the message” (p.103). The selection of an appropriate color
will attract the hearts of many audiences willingly to watch. As stated by
Evans and Thomas (2003), certain colors mean by direct communication
to the words or pictures. The combination of colors, words and images in
the Islamic animated infographic will be conveyed the message of the
Islamic animated infographic well and will indirectly improve the
audience’s understanding. In addition, color has a role in visual principle
and can apply in other elements (Evans & Thomas, 2003). “It can help to
create emphasis and variety, support an established hierarchy, and active
shape and space” (Evans & Thomas, 2003). As proved by Gallagher and
Paldy (2007), the audience can recognize the color first before read the
text or look at images of the design. Thus, color is a very vital element
because choosing the right color will make the interaction successfully
between motion graphic and the audience.
The next element of the motion graphic design is a shape. The
shape means as a figure or mass (Evans & Thomas, 2003). Shape is
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divided into two parts which are two-dimensional design and three-
dimensional design. He also stated that, contains two-dimensional shape
width and length, whereas three-dimensional shape encompasses volume,
mass and which have a better describe as a form. Every shape has its own
meaning in delivering the message. It is proved by Evans and Thomas
(2003) that “shape must reflect the intent of the message”. The shape also
consists of figure and ground. According to Evans and Thomas (2003), it
has the relationship between figure and ground which are positive/shape
or negative/shape. This provides the balance in the visual design. Hence,
the explanation of the shape above, it is clear that the right selection of
shape will affect the result of an excellent graphic.
Furthermore, among the elements of the film motion graphic are
compositing and framing. According to Gallagher and Paldy (2007),
compositing can be declared as multiple sources are being used in
elements such as picture, typography, graphic and sound. This stage is
the complex one because it combines multiple elements in a single time.
Picture, type, graphic and sound need to be aligned so that the result is
assured in Islamic animated infographics.
In addition, music and sound are also an important element in the
graphics. As proved by Dare and Asadollah (2014), about 70% shows
that the sound gives effect in motion graphic especially in commercial
advertisement and others. Designers have power in controlling the
emotional impact of the audience by placing the appropriate sound or
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background music (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). Sound provides a sound
element that will make motion graphics more appealing to the audience.
According to Gallagher and Paldy (2007), people will respond
emotionally to hear what they are and pass on that emotion to what
people see. Selection of an appropriate sound with a graphic will make
the audience understand the message delivered. This is because the sound
that has been chosen in graphics must support the message of emotion
(Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). Besides, the sound can also help the transfer
of influence and help the feeling be well express (Dare & Asadollah,
2014). Indirectly, with the appropriate sound or music that is attached in
graphics with message delivery in Islamic animated infographics will
succeed. In term of Islamic view in using of sound in animation such as
Qurānic verses, du’a (invocation), strains of zikr (the remembrance of
God), it can soothe the soul (Nor Raudah Hj. Siren, 2006). Thus, it will
raise serenity towards audience once they are listening.
In addition, motion graphics principles should also be focused on
the production of the attractive graphic. Among the principles outlined
motion graphics such as contrast, balance, color, alignment, proximity,
line and repetition (Corona, 2012).
The first principle of motion graphic is contrast. According to
Evans and Thomas (2003), the contrast gives meaning by “juxtaposition,
which refers to a relational, comparative placement of two or more
elements” (p.55). Contrast possibility is non-stop. This is because the
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relationship between the two things makes this contrast such as endless
like negative verses positive, still verse chaotic, rough smooth verse and
others (Evans & Thomas, 2003). The difference between of these two
different things makes a contrast easier to identify. The image of this
contrast makes the attraction the eyes and draws the attention of the
audience. But if too much contrast elements placed, it possibility can
break harmony and unity in the design, chaos and confusion (Bradley,
2014). Thus, it needs for the designers to decide before designing other
elements in avoiding confusion to the audience.
The next element is color. Color plays a significant role in
producing the best graphic. Color gives specific meaning to different
cultures, religions and nations that give its own interpretation to the
selection of a color (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). So the choice of color
should be balanced to avoid a crisis between the designer and the
audience. According to Gallagher and Paldy (2007), different groups
have their own identity with the specific color combination in expressing
their uniqueness. Thus, the designers need to emphasize on a color in
designing the graphics and study the target audience first before
designing the particular graphic. As stated by Dare and Asadollah (2014),
color also related with the vision by “sensing the stimulator enter into
memory and are saved there for about one second” (p.822). This brings
the long focus level of the human mind for the audience. The color used
for conveying the emotion to the audience, guiding the content by
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providing an understanding, creating impact and help the audience
remember the message delivered (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). They also
stated, choosing the right color with the same emotional feeling is the
best action taken by the designers. This means that color effect and
considerable influence the audience. There are several color schemes that
designers need to follow in putting the right such as achromatic color,
monochromatic, analogous, complementary, split complementary, clash,
primary, secondary and tertiary (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007).
Table 2.9: Types of color scheme
Color Scheme Example Details
Achromatic Only black, white and gray color is being used. There is
not exist other than that color.
Monochromatic This scheme only uses only
hue or tint of hue. This color
will impress the audience
because it gives the real effect.
Analogous This color scheme uses the
next color to each other on the
color wheel. This is helpful
for the audience because it
gives the sense of depth.
Unfortunately, this color
scheme doesn’t grab the
attention of the audience
because it slightly shifts color
in the wheel.
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Color Scheme Example
Details
Complementary This color scheme is using the
contradictory color in the
wheel. This will create the
enthusiasm and give the
impression to the audience.
Split Basically, this color used three
Complementary colors in the complementary
scheme. This three color are
the chosen color,
complementary color and
opposite side of the color
scheme. This slightly same
with the complementary color
scheme, but it increases
brilliantly.
Clash This color is used single color
combine with color directly
from the right or left. These
colors are not visually
appealing, but it catches the
attention of the audience
because two strong colors are
struggling with getting the
focal point of the audience.
Primary Using color such as red,
yellow and blue.
Secondary
Orange, green and purple are being used.
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Color Scheme Example Details
Tertiary This color is not a primary and
secondary color. It is middle
of those colors in the wheel
have many combinations of
tertiary colors.
Source: Gallagher and Paldy (2007)
According to Nor Raudah Hj. Siren (2006), use of the appropriate color
such as simple color and soft color for example are white and green color
give soothing to the eyes. In the Qurān, there also have mentioned about
the color. The color which contained in Qurān such as white, black,
green, yellow, blue, red, pink and dark green that reflect the specific
nature (Monika @ Munirah Abd Razzak, Nik Mohd Zaim Ab Rahim,
Nur Asilah Ibrahim, & Khadher Ahmad, 2013).
Table 2.10: Types of color in the Qurān
No. Color Total word Total verse
1 White 12 10 2 Green 8 8
3 Black 8 7
4 Yellow 5 5
5 Blue 1 1
6 Red 1 1
7 Pink 1 1
8 Dark Green 1 1
Total 37 34 Source: Monika @ Munirah Abd Razzak et al. (2013)
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The next element is a balance. As stated by Krashner (2008),
balance in one of the important element used in the daily life and also in
designing. It is provides a sense of cohesiveness and creates stability in a
frame. Basically, there are two types of balance which are symmetric and
asymmetric (Evans & Thomas, 2003). Symmetric balance means
“elements are arranged the same or very similar on either side of a
central axis” (Evans & Thomas, 2003). According to Krashner (2008),
equal and weight is instilled in the division of the space. This gives a
feeling of unity and harmony to the audience because it has the same or
similar objects that are arranged together. He also stated that there are
two types of symmetrical balance such as radial balance and
crystallographic balance. Radial balance means images produce from the
middle of focal points (i.e., water ripple when the stone was thrown)
while crystallographic balance give meaning by many focal points placed
into a repeating pattern. This crystallographic balance also known as “all
over” balance. Whereas asymmetric also known as a symmetric dynamic
which gives meaning as “art of creating balance using uneven number,
sizes, or other kind of elements” (Evans & Thomas, 2003). This will
have multiple design objects that have different size, weight and color.
This object of various sizes makes the design complement to each other.
This balance makes more dynamic sense of organization and providing
the designers more freedom in composing the frame (Krashner, 2008).
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Space is another important element in the principle of motion
graphics. It is a fundamental element in every design. Almost an
arrangement of the design elements involving the spaces and it needs to
have a proper design (Evans & Thomas, 2003). This is because, when
there is space in the design, the graphic won’t be crowded and chaotic.
Space is activated when the line and shape were introduced in the design
(Evans & Thomas, 2003). This line and shape will make the design has
ample space for a design and that makes perfect.
Alignment is the next principle of motion graphics. Poor alignment
in the design contributes to being cluttered and failed in organizing the
good design. Alignment is always associated with the typography or
type. According to Evans and Thomas (2003), type alignment is also
known when involves arranging or styling the style. There is four
categories of type alignment such as flush left/ragged right, flush
right/left ragged, justified and centered (Evans & Thomas, 2003). As
stated by Printwand.com (2014), alignment is significant in designing
motion graphics because it permits the audience to see naturally of that
picture, facilitate balance of the image in order to catch visually
appealing of the audience and make a visual correlation with the related
elements.
Another principle element in motion graphics is proximity. This
element is one of the critical things that should be highlighted when
designers are designing the Islamic animated infographics. “Proximity is
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the position and the space given to the placement of elements in a
composition. The placement of elements together and apart from one
another is a function of proximity” (Evans & Thomas, 2003). Here, it is
clearly shown that proximity is needed to have a good decision to make
sure the designs are not chaos. One element to another element should be
the size and distance control in order to make the design more continuity
and create harmony (Evans & Thomas, 2003). The target audience should
be studied first by the designers to avoid bad impact to the audience in
understanding the message conveyed. As an example, if the target
audience is in the group that has been achieved the golden age, the
element that is designed to be slightly larger than the size of the target
audience is to the teenagers. Moreover, according to Evans and Thomas
(2003) in determining a placement, grid system needs were emphasized
to create visual interest. This grid system will make more orderly and
neat design.
The line is also one of the principles in the motion graphics. The
line is something common that is always can found in every design.
Designers which are always use lines will make the design more
beautiful and attractive along it will give an impact towards the audience.
It is supported by Dare and Asadollah (2014) that lines are the most
influential and mostly used in the motion graphic design. As stated by
(Evans & Thomas, 2003), “a line can be thought of as the moving path of
a point” (p.22). He also mentioned that the path to determine the quality
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and character of the resulting line. There are several types of line that are
commonly found such as straight, curve, arc, scribble and others. The
line will affect the specific character and give specific meaning to the
line. The line will also produce different quality according to the type of
tool used. As an example, charcoal, a digital pen and brush will give
different effects to the design (Evans & Thomas, 2003). Types of line
will certainly give a different feeling to the audience. As proved by Dare
and Asadollah (2014) lines have its own visual inspiration and meaning
in conveying the message to the audience.
The last principle of the motion graphics is repetition. Repetition
gives meaning by the reappearance of one or more elements in a
composition (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). This is the feeling of unity in the
design. Based on the example given by Gallagher and Paldy (2007) that a
top artist in painting use the dull repetition of images to convey the idea
of consumerism. Repetition is also seen vital in the field of architecture
in getting visual engaging with the people.
The theory used in designing is Gestalt theory. This theory is
referred as a visual perception which describing how we perceive what
we see (Gallagher & Paldy, 2007). As stated by Evans and Thomas
(2003), in Gestalt design elements interaction is look more dynamic
compared with the individual elements. This is because the audience can
accept as a whole, thus create the harmonious towards the design
elements. This is also was supported by Krashner (2008), Gestalt
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explored the visual elements as entire integrated to attain the sense of
harmony. This theory today was discussed from various scholars about
its importance in design world. Gestalt theory was introduced by three
German psychologists (Graham, 2008). It was introduced by
Wertheirmer, Koffka and Kohler which said that it can arise the
autonomous process in the brain (Wagemans, 2014). This earlier
psychologists were helping in establishing the theory of Gestalt
psychology.
Figure 2.14: Gestalt founders
Source: Wagemans (2014)
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According to Ellis (1938), “Gestalt theory was the outcome of
concrete investigations in psychology, logic and epistemology”. This
theory is the base from seeking pattern and people behavior (Tanudjaja,
2005). Thus, it will lead to the audience understanding with meaningful
design decision (Graham, 2008). This theory was contributed to the body
of knowledge. According to Koffka (1935), Gestalt theory leads to the
animate and inanimate field. This proves shown the significant impact in
designing field. The right use of Gestalt theory in designing process will
attract more people to involve in a particular design. Even though this
theory was introduced in a long time ago, this theory was still relevant to
be used in today’s designing process. Gestalt theory for the installation of
visual principle perception become accurate and still relevant to be used
until now (Elder & Goldberg, 2002; Tanudjaja, 2005). Moreover,
according to Furth and Mendez (1963), Gestalt theory consider the
factors in perception when a primary experience of pure, objective object
not yet surrounded by the others. This kind of the theory serves different
phenomenon for the different aspect. It was supported Wertheirmer and
Riezler (1944) that, “Gestalt theory believe it has discovered a decisive
aspect in recognizing the existence of phenomenon and context of a
different of a formally different-nature”.
Gestalt is a play an important role in discussing a perception
(Westheimer, 1998). According to Graham (2008), the function of
Gestalt law of perception is to understand the visual information from the
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surrounding. Graham (2008) also added that, design of interactive media
may use Gestalt law of perception in increasing the understanding of the
audience. Gestalt gives a perception of complete visual for each art
(Tanudjaja, 2005). In addition, according to Tanudjaja (2005),
interpretation process of Gestalt gives for the long-term memory of
human brain. This proves give benefit to the human-being in order to
process the visual faster. As stated by Condly (2003), perception is a
psychological process to recognize and give meaning to the human brain
which are received stimuli of organ. This shows that the vital of
perception in human brain to process the visual as a better approach.
Gestalt psychology shows that human perceive the visual environment as
unitary elements. Thus they tend to group the individual elements of
visual scene to a large structure (Kootstra, Bergstr¨om, & Kragic).
According to Puspitasari and Darmawan (2014), Gestalt mentioned about
the perception of the object as a structure while cognitive approach make
the perception as a mental operation. Gestalt principle is a basic theory
which plays the roles in producing the visual creativity (Tanudjaja,
2005). This visual creativity produces when the eyes see the visual using
Gestalt principle and gives the different meaning for different people
based on what they are seeing. Gestalt principle can be described as the
information or pattern into a meaningful unit (Condly, 2003). According
to Tanudjaja (2005), Gestalt principle are always used in output
assessment for the design. Furthermore, it can improve composition,
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organize information and enhance the visual communication (Graham,
2008).
Many scholars had discussed about the elements of Gestalt theory.
This theory uses elements such as figure/ground, proximity, closure,
similarity and continuation (Graham, 2008; Tanudjaja, 2005). This
gestalt visual law becomes visually important to explain of certain visual.
The first element that will be discussed in the Gestalt laws of perception
is figure and ground. In figure and ground element, some of the objects
salient while other parts are fall back into the background (Condly,
2003).
Figure 2.15: Figure/ground (Rubin’s Face/Vase)
Source: Tanudjaja (2005)
Each visual object can be identified with the existence of contrast from
foreground and background (Tanudjaja, 2005). This is also agreed by
Graham (2008) which is figure/ground is depends] on the contrast of the
visual. This proves shows the importance of contrast in a visual element
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in order to identify the figure and ground for each design. According to
Tanudjaja (2005), the contrast is needed to understand the picture
between positive space (figure) and negative space (ground). This
element uses in diverse usage such as in visual image and also in the
animation process. For the visual images and text, it must be contrast to
get the visible eye-looking in order to get the understanding of the
audience. While for the animation production, it also increases the
maximum level of understanding (Graham, 2008). Figure or ground give
viewer to focus on the visual by serving the expect to see (Condly, 2003).
Object contains two parts which are the figure (the district area that is
seen on the picture object attention) become more crowded compared to
the background (Condly, 2003). Moreover, figure/ground element will
help to identify the object (figure) which are different from background
(ground) (Graham, 2008).
The next element of the Gestalt law of perception is proximity.
Proximity makes the object that are located near to each other tend to be
grouped together and object that are located far from each other tend to
be separated (Graham, 2008).
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Figure 2.16: Proximity
Source: Graham (2008)
This statement was supported by the (Condly, 2003) that people tend to
see the information or visual which are place in a group and being
related. As for the example, when text are separated by the gap, reader
need to struggle reading the information provided (Graham, 2008).
Elements that are close with each other will look unite and stronger.
According to Tanudjaja (2005), if there is an object which is manifest,
the human eyes is more likely to view it. As stated by Condly (2003), the
audience are prefer to see the position of the close object rather than
assortment object and somehow, the object that is farther apart. From all
the statement above, the vital factor of proximity is space. As mentioned
by Westheimer (1998), the factor of proximity is the object components
are close to each other. Moreover, the strength of the two elements make
it nearer to each other (Puspitasari & Darmawan, 2014). Psychologist
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proved that, the visual perception formed from the ability of the brain to
focus on the objects that sit close against objects that are far apart
(Puspitasari & Darmawan, 2014).
The next element of Gestalt theory is closure. People tend to see
the close gap of the visual form (Graham, 2008). This is because they
want to see the complete object rather than an incomplete one. As stated
by Gallagher and Paldy (2007), the missing pieces in the design create
the seamless of the objects.
Figure 2.17: Closure
Source: Graham (2008)
According to Westheimer (1998), close curve for the closure element is
more better than the open one. This principle gives influence to the
audience since they have seen the visual images. As stated by Tanudjaja
(2005) closure principle in design make audience able to remember the
visual element and long-lasting memory. Once the information is
missing, people will focus on what is present in the visual and neglect the
missing parts to complete the form. There is also exist the closure in
animated form. According to Furth and Mendez (1963), closure usually
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is in predictable because the object is moving faster. This case could
prevent if the closure is drawn carefully and in the right way.
The next element is a similarity. According to Wagemans et al.
(2012), the elements share the same properties such as brightness,
contrast, color, texture and other.
Figure 2.18: Similarity
Source: Graham (2008)
This similarity will make harmony and unity in each visual. This is
supported by Graham (2008) that the visual element have similar whether
in shape, color, proximity, direction perceived as a part of a group even
though in spatially separated. The same object will be seen together as a
group because of the shape, color, direction and size (Tanudjaja, 2005).
The existence of Gestalt in an element of similarity make the brain tends
to see the object that has the same form (Puspitasari & Darmawan, 2014).
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This statement was supported by the other researchers that, the
psychologist said people tend to see the collection of object perceive as a
pattern (Condly, 2003). Element of similarity happened in the visual
design because of the factor of the object are similar to one another
(Westheimer, 1998). In animated form, similarity element increase
tendency of the audience because it is grouped either physically or
conceptually (Graham, 2008). This will enhance the understanding of the
audience in the animated form if similarity element is used in a right
way.
The last element of the Gestalt law of perception is a continuation.
In continuation, the eye will follow the relationship of shapes because
eyes follow a line, curve or shape either positive or negative (Graham,
2008).
Figure 2.19: Continuation
Source: Graham (2008)
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According to Tanudjaja (2005), the eyes will follow to specific direction
based on the visual structuring. Furthermore, continuity shows the
tendency of eyes to follow the sign of direction (Tanudjaja, 2005).
People are preferred to see complete and continuous form rather than
discontinuous one. As stated by Condly (2003), in Gestalt theory, an
incomplete situation will not be leave but they try to complete it by fill at
the blanks. In designing, objects contain the continuation of the pattern
(Puspitasari & Darmawan, 2014). This is to make the elements more
harmony and appealing the eyes of the audience. Moreover, a
continuance element is not limited use in one particular of use but used in
color also. Besides, in animated form, line could be static or dynamic in
appealing the eyes of the audience. It makes user attention of specific
content or entertain in increasing the level of understanding (Graham,
2008).
2.6.6 Technology in Da’wah View
Technologies give a contribution to the deeds advancement and
specific knowledge of Islam. The sophistication of the technologies
nowadays makes it easier for Muslims to seek religious knowledge easily
and quickly. Through the sophisticated technology which brings by
Islamic animated infographic, the content of the information can be
accessed across boundaries of time and space. For example, technology
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allows Muslim accessing religions lectures via video broadcast such as
YouTube, reading Qurān digitally, get a daily Hadith, reading manzil
and ma’thurat and others by downloading through android applications.
In short, everything is possible with the technology that is now at the
fingertips. It supported by Aznan Zuhid Saidin (2012e) that some
examples of how technology attached to Islam as Islamic web sites,
digital Qurān, Hadith base system, multimedia applications and so on.
These are some examples of technology that can be used on humans,
especially Muslims all around the world. A study of the technology,
which be referred to Islamic animated infographic could influence people
to study about Islam and could be an alternative way to disseminate the
da’wah through attractive approach. Da’wah in this era can be intensified
with a broader through diversified technology (Wan Adli Wan Ramli &
Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid, 2006).
Being a Muslim cannot run away from being a khalīfah
(vicegerent) on earth. Allah has commanded for the human being to
administer the earth wisely.
And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the
angels, “Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive
authority.” They said, “Will You place upon it one who
causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we
declare Your praise and sanctify You?” Allah said,
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“Indeed, I know that which you do not know.”(Al-
Baqarah, 2:30)
Accordingly, in using of technology in the life of a Muslim, they
(Muslims) are responsible using the technology to bring benefits to
Muslim and non-Muslim. Allah guided His vicegerent with intended to
give something useful to human life. This proof shows that Allah has
absolute power over all the creation. Similarly, Allah’s gift to the
Prophets by giving them knowledge and skills to suit the technology of
the time (Mohamad Fauzan Noordin, 2009).
Table 2.11: Examples of the tools as technologies used
at the time of the Prophets
Technology as a tool/drivers Verse to become a
Khalīfah
Allah And construct the ship under Our observation and commanded Our inspiration and do not address Me concerning
Nuh a.s to those who have wronged; indeed, they are [to be] make an ark drowned” And he constructed the ship, and whenever
an assembly of the eminent of his people passed by
him, they ridiculed him. He said, “If you ridicule us, then we will ridicule you just as you ridicule. (Hud,
11:37-38)
Allah taught And We certainly gave David from Us bounty. [We Dawud a.s to said], “O mountains, repeat [Our] praises with him, manufactured and the birds [as well].” And We made pliable for him battle iron, [Commanding him], “Make full coats of mail equipment and and calculate [precisely] the links, and work [all of softened for you] righteousness. Indeed I, of what you do, am
Him the iron Seeing.” (Saba’, 34:10-11)
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Technology as
a tool/drivers Verse
to become a
Khalīfah
Iron We have already sent Our messengers with clear
technology evidences and sent down with them the Scripture and
and its the balance that the people may maintain [their
benefits to affairs] injustice. And We sent down iron, wherein is
mankind great military might and benefits for the people, and
so that Allah may make evident those who support
Him and His messengers unseen. Indeed, Allah is
Powerful and Exalted in Might. (Al-Hadid, 57:25)
Allah’s And We have certainly honored the children of Adam
creation for and carried them on the land and sea and provided for
man’s them of the good things and preferred them over much
assistance of what We have created, with [definite] preference.
(Al-Isra’, 17:70) Source: Mohamad Fauzan Noordin (2009)
In producing a good and interesting content in Islamic animated
infographic, it needs for collaboration between the designers and the
preachers. According to Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh
(2003), the designers act as a “technology” while the preachers act as a
“content”. The combination of two groups of experts will produce so call
techno-da’ē. Techno-da’ē give a meaning of the people which have
knowledge of Islam and skills of use of technology to preach (Wan Adli
Wan Ramli & Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid, 2006). They also
mentioned that the combination of this group comprising of religious
experts and expert people in the technology that work together to preach.
Every da’ē should have knowledge of Islam and skill in using the
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technologies in preaching. If the Muslim preachers could provide to the
designers with the great content in Islamic animated infographic, then it
could produce interactive and attractive technology-based Islamic
content. This excellent collaboration is seen giving a very good effect in
producing technology-based Islamic products and services that could
assist in da’wah. These two groups should work together so that a win-
win situation will be produced for the long-term benefit of Islam (Shaikh
Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh, 2003). As mentioned by Aznan
Zuhid Saidin (2012e), this collaboration between preachers and Muslim
designers should be integrated in order to open more opportunities in
using technologies for Islam. Da’wah must work together to improve the
ICT skills to make use of da’wah media in the contemporary era (Nor
Raudah Hj. Siren, 2006). Furthermore, as stated by Wan Adli Wan Ramli
and Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid (2006), techno-da’ē should consider
the target group to be able in providing a deep understanding in line with
Saidina Ali was said, talk to other people based on their understanding
(within which they can understand).
Invented technology is designed to facilitate people’s lives in
everyday life. A technology invented to make the most of human life in
Sharī’ah-compliant and live with peaceful in the world and the hereafter
(Aznan Zuhid Saidin, 2012d). As stated by Fadzli Adam et al. (2014),
“the whole information system is based on the technology in which it
supported people to achieve a high degree of wisdom”. Technology is
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just a tool to achieve and complete the mission or specific goals, but if a
man wise in using the technology it should become a tool to reach out
and get the pleasure of Allah. Allah’s pleasure is the ultimate goal of
purpose in life. Even technology was sophisticated and impressive,
people must realize that the greatest absolute power belongs only to
Allah, the Lord of the World (Aznan Zuhid Saidin, 2012c).
Table 2.12: The summary of Islamic animated infographic for the
da’wah dissemination
Elements
Animated Infographic Da’wah Component
Information needs to Information allowed inorganize clearly. Islam:
It must base on the o Naba Al-Haq (The true
authentic and precise story)
information. o A’mar ma’ruf nahyi
Know the target audience munkar (commanding before creating and good forbidding evil)
designing the information o Hikmah (wisdom)
Visual cues need to to be o Tabayyun (investigate) embedded in the o Mauizah hasanah (good information example)
Visual hierarchy o Layyin (gentle)
(arrangement of elements Information prohibited in that show the most and
least important Islam:
information) should be o La skhariyyah
attaching to the (Not discrediting others)
information. o La su’ul al-zhan (Not being suspicious)
o La tajaasus
(Not peeping on others)
o La ghibah (Not backbiting)
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Element
Animated Infographic Da’wah Component
Appealo Rhetoric visual
Comprehension o Visualo Auditory
o Kinesthetic Retentiono Utility o Soundness
o Beauty
o La buhtan (Not lying)
o La ifkun (Not slandering/ deceiving others)
Communication media
must be started from the
principle of al-amru bi al-
ma’ruf wa al-nahyi
munkar (commanding
good and forbidding evil).
Islamic communication isabout conveying ma’lumat (information, idea and attitude) that are exact and precise according to Islam.
Islamic-based communication must be derived from Qurān and Hadith.
Adapted from motion Use technology to bring
graphics: benefits to the people.
Elements Technology as a tool to
o Design: type, color, become a khalīfah shape, line (vicegerent) on earth.
o Film: compositing & Collaboration between
framing, sound & designers (“technology”)
editing and preachers (“content”)
Principles in producing an
o Contrast interactive and attractive o Color technology-based Islamic
o Balance content. o Space o Alignment o Proximity
o Line o Repetition
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Element
2.7 Summary
Animated Infographic Da’wah Component
Gestalt theory o Figure/Ground o Proximity o Closure o Similarity o Continuation
An extensive amount of related literature had reviewed as preliminary
work conducted a clear for this study. Lack of a specific model in Islamic
animated infographic was highlighted as a knowledge gap in this study. Thus,
the key principles on the basis of this study are the elements of Islamic
animated infographics which are elements of information, communication and
technology were addressed. This basis of the elements also discussed through
the da’wah context. This is important to recognize in order to build an Islamic
animated infographic model. The key fundamental of the theory used in this
study is Gestalt theory. This theory used in Islamic animated infographics to
identify the principles of graphics. This study has filled the gap of knowledge
by having a specific model to assist in producing an effective Islamic animated
infographic.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Overview of Chapter
This chapter is purposely to describe the research methodology
used in this study. The sections that follow are devoted to describing
research framework, research flowchart, research design, research
instrument development, expert assessment worksheet, a survey of the
questionnaire, population and sample size, sampling design, data
collection procedure and the chapter end with the prototype design.
3.2 Research Framework
inIn
fogr
ap
hic
Information
Ele
men
tsA
nim
at
ed Communication
Isla
mic
Technology
Da’wah Dissemination
Figure 3.1: Research framework
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There are three elements of animated Islamic animated infographic
which are information, communication and technology. These addressed
elements are essential to get the acceptance from the users. The audience
will get a better understanding and accepting the Islamic animated
infographic for the da’wah medium because it was referred by the
authentic sources such as the Qurān and Hadith and supported by other
researchers such as journal writing, books and related articles.
3.3 Research Flowchart
The research flowchart shown as below is about the overall process
occurred in this study. The research flow needs to be organized properly
to ensure the research went smoothly.
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Start
Literuture Review
Conceptualize Framework
Construct Data Design
Collection Instrument Prototype
Instrument Prototype
No
No Validation Testing
Data Yes Yes
Collection
Data Analysis
Discussion
End
Figure 3.2: Research flowchart
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First, it was started with identifying the problems. Analysis
problems of an Islamic animated infographic were identified by
conducting literature reviews. This is to know the problem faced by
Islamic animated infographic and why it looks so important in this era.
The next stage was involved the conceptualize the framework. The
important elements of Islamic animated infographics for the da’wah
dissemination, such as information, communication and technology were
covered. These important elements were built as the model and
framework for the Islamic animated infographic. Based on this relevant
information, important data of this element ware gathered to be used for
the next process.
Then, there two things happen at once, which are feedback
assessment of the data collection instrument and prototype design for
Islamic animated infographic by the experts. This assessment that is
given to the experts also known as alpha testing for the development
process. Both assessments were designed based on the literature review.
For the data collection instrument, questionnaire survey needs to be
developed first before giving the evaluation to the experts. If there have
any changes from the experts, data collection instrument should be
adjusted. Whereas, if not, it proceeded to the data collection. It same goes
to the prototype design. The prototype was assessed to the experts by
testing it. The high-fidelity prototype was used because it is computer-
based that involving user-interaction. This prototype allowed the experts
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to explore the Islamic animated infographic in a comprehensive way.
This prototype permits to gather the feedback from the experts while
researcher still in planning and designing stages. According to Walker,
Takayama, and Landay (2002), high-fidelity serve more rational contact
and good in express the design to the audience. Prototype adjustment
needs to alter if it is needed. Else, it was turned to the next step which is
data collection. The data collection distribution is the beta testing which
targeted users watched the Islamic animated infographic prototype and
then answer the survey. The targeted users that involved in this
researcher were from of designers and religious people.
After the data was collected, it was analyzed to obtain the actual
result. These results are going to integrate with the content analysis and
the feedback assessment by the experts. All the relevant information and
the final results were discussed.
3.4 Research Design
Research design which is involved in this research is an exploratory
research design. According to Zainudin Awang (2014), this type of research
design is belong to non-experimental. Exploratory research is aimed to
clarify unclear problems and the objective is blurring. This
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research design is intended to discover the real problem and try to find
the solution for every problem faced.
The first step, an assessment method has been employed as it is the
most appropriate method in this study. Assessment of the experts is the
most appropriate for the type of information in this study, which is
testing the prototype design and validation of the data collection
instrument. This method is also appropriate since the experts give the
feedback and evaluation which involves the opinion from their
knowledge and understanding.
Furthermore, a survey method involved as the most appropriate
method for the next step. The survey is the most suitable for the type of
information in this study, which is the perception of the focus groups.
This method is also appropriate for the group of respondents is
distributed from two different group background.
The unit analysis for this study was a group of people who has
expertise in design and Islamic studies. Self-administered questionnaire
have been used to collect data regarding each study variable.
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3.5 Research Instrument Development
This section describes measurement that was used in this study.
This study used an online questionnaire as the instrument for the survey,
and it was in a dual-languages which are English and translated in the
Malay language. The questionnaire involves two sections which are
demographic information and the variables of Islamic animated
infographics such as information, communication and technology. The
measurement used in this study is adapted from various establish sources
which are primary sources and secondary sources. Primary sources such
as Qurān and hadith whereas secondary sources adapted from books,
journals and websites. The primary sources widely used in literature
reviews to support the variables. These references will be to convince the
audience to understand because it is authentic sources and cannot be
changed arbitrarily. Meanwhile, a lot of secondary sources are adapted
from the people and their expertise that they have. These references serve
to support the study of primary sources and make people more
understandable and can be acceptable with the logic.
The item to measure the acceptance level from measurement used
by Taiwo and Downe (2013), Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis
(2003). Items to measure the information element from measurement
used by Gallagher and Paldy (2007), Soyluçiçek (2015), Babic, Pibernik,
and Mrvac (2008). The items to measure the information element in
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da’wah view such as Haslin Hasan and Hamdzun Haron (2013), Wan
Adli Wan Ramli and Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid (2006), Zulkarnain
(2013), Agus Sofyandi Kahfi (2006), Abdul Karim Batubara (2013).
The communication element from measurement used by Gallagher
and Paldy (2007), Dare and Asadollah (2014), Babic et al. (2008),
Soyluçiçek (2015). The items to measure the communication element in
da’wah view such as Aznan Zuhid Saidin (2012b), Zulkiplie Abd. Ghani
and Mohd Safar Hasim (2004), Aminudin Basir @ Ahmad et al. (2009),
Siddiqui (2003), Norrodzoh Hj. Siren (2006), Mohamad Fauzan Noordin
(2009; 2013), Nor Saleha Mohd Salleh (2012).
Items to measure technology element from measurement used by
Gallagher and Paldy (2007), Soyluçiçek (2015), Siricharoen and
Siricharoen (2015), Dare and Asadollah (2014). The items to measure the
technology element in da’wah view such as Mohamad Fauzan Noordin
(2009), Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh (2003), Wan Adli
Wan Ramli and Mohamad Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid (2006), Nor Raudah Hj.
Siren (2006), Aznan Zuhid Saidin (2012c; 2012d; 2012e), Fadzli Adam
et al. (2014).
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3.6 Expert Assessment Worksheet
The assessment was adapted from the Learning Object Review
Instrument (LORI). This evaluation LORI is an instrument tool to draw
out the ratings and comments from the experts. This is commonly used to
support the evaluation process of the multimedia learning object
(Leacock & Nesbit, 2007). It used to measure the validity and readiness
for the prototype design. The validation of the prototype design was
involved experts from the multimedia design and Islamic studies. This is
for ensuring the technical design aspects and the content of the prototype
meet the requirement.
3.6.1 Design of Expert Assessment Criteria
This assessment has five elements were used instead of nine
elements such as content quality, feedback and adaptation, motivation,
presentation design and reusability that were adapted from Learning
Object Review Instrument (LORI). The other evaluations items were
added based on the suitable literature. The table below is about the item
discussed for the expert assessment in prototype design.
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Table 3.1: Discussed assessment items in the prototype design
Elements Description
Title The prototype was used title regarding the Sunnah of the
Prophet (PBUH) in eating and drinking.
Content The content of the prototype design must be based on the
Quality primary sources which are Qurān and Hadith.
Visual Cues Information in the prototype was interpreted successfully to
give an understanding and increasing a new knowledge.
Visual The arrangement of presentation elements implies the
Hierarchy importance in prototype design.
Feedback and The prototype could give the positive feedback from the
Adaptation Muslim and non-Muslim because the content was
acceptable.
Motivation The prototype design is able to motivate the audience by
creating their interest towards the Prophet’s Sunnah, thus
they will practice in daily life.
Presentation Prototype design enables the audience to learn effectively
Design because contain the clear text and graphics.
Appeal The clear information contains in the prototype design for
audience easy to engage with Islamic animated
infographics.
Comprehensi Effective communication gives to the audience better
on understanding in the prototype design.
Retention Contain design of beauty in the prototype.
Sound – communicate with meaningful information
Utility – prototype design meet the objectives by
explorative and narrative.
Reusability A prototype design of Islamic animated infographics is able
to become alternative da’wah toward the different
background of respondents.
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3.6.2 Scale of Expert Assessment Worksheet
The scale was used in the expert evaluation to assess prototype
design is a five-point Linkert scale. The scale was used such as excellent,
very good, good, fair and poor.
3.7 Survey Questionnaire
This section describe on the design of the survey questionnaire.
The details are shown as below:
3.7.1 Organization of the Survey Questionnaire
This survey questionnaire was contained three sections. Section A
was mentioned about the respondent profile, section B expressed about
the acceptance of use while section C contained about the content of
Islamic animated infographic.
For the section A, respondents need to fill the demographic profile
which includes gender, age, area of expertise, and occupation. They need
to choose the answer to show the best preference of their background.
Section B is about the acceptance towards Islamic animated
infographic. This question was adapted four elements of the item used in
estimating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
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(UTAUT). The suitable items used in estimating UTAUT that were
suited and can be adapted in the research, such as performance
expectancy, attitude toward using technology, behavioral intention and
social influence.
In section C, it is more concentrated on the content of Islamic
animated infographic. This part included the three elements of Islamic
animated infographic such as information, communication and
technology.
For all sections, respondents were requested to tick the appropriate
box or fill-up the required information concerning the best answer that
reflects on their preferences.
3.7.2 Scale
Most of the questions about the demographic items or the
respondent profile was using the category scale. While for the actual
survey questions, researchers used five-point Linkert scale (1 = strongly
disagree to 5 = strongly agree) to examine how strongly the respondents
agree and disagree with the given statement about the Islamic animated
infographics for conveying the da’wah.
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3.7.3 Translation
The data for this study were collected using self-administered
survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire which originally in
English but it carefully translated into Malay language (Bahasa Melayu)
even though the respondents were understood the English language to
some extent. To ensure equivalence of measure in Malay and English
versions, the translation process followed Brislin’s (1970) were back-
translation procedure is needed when survey translation across different
languages.
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Table 3.2: Framework and focus activities to develop a questionnaire
No. Framework Phases Focus
1. Synthesize the conceptual Infographic, motion graphic, animated infographic, da’wah framework component
2. Identify the respondent profile Gender, age, race, area of expertise, occupation
3. Identify the acceptance of use Performance expectancy, attitude towards using technology,
behavioral intention, social influence
4. Identify the elements of Islamic Information, communication, technology
animated infographic
5. Compose collections of relevant Infographic, motion graphics, visual communication, gestalt
statements/ questionnaire for the theory, da’wah component
study
6. Categorize the correction of the Group the statement in a structured manner and easy to read and
statement into topics and subtopic understand
7. Identify measuring factor for the Acceptance level, content of Islamic animated infographic
response
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No. Framework Phases Focus
8. Develop a psychometric scale to investigate the degree of response for each measuring factors
9. Determine five-point Linkert scale value
Development of a five-point Linkert scale for each measuring factor
Five-point 1 2 3 4 5 Linkert
scale
Acceptance Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
level
Disagree
Disagree
Content Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Disagree
10. Review of overall questionnaire Discussion with the supervisors/ experts
11. Questionnaire proofreading Improvement / amendment (content and presentation of the
questionnaire such as layout, measuring mechanism, etc)
12. Questionnaire ready to distribute Supervisors/ experts/ respondent
Source: Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir (2013)
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3.8 Population and Sample Size
The sample size is a minimum of 100 people consisting of people
in the background of the design and Islamic studies. Respondents were
analyzed based on their expertise only. In any research, the determination
of appropriate sample size is crucial that researchers need to be
considered. The determination of sample size for this research was
selected based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970).
Figure 3.4: Determination of sample size
Source: Krejcie and Morgan (1970)
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In the table above, about 150 required of sample size need to
distribute in order to get the minimum of 100 of sample sizes. In this
study, about 111 respondents were obtained in order to analyse the result
for the next chapter. There are 50 people from the design field while at
the rest is respondents from the Islamic studies background.
Table 3.3: Sample size of study
Area of Expertise Total
Design 61 Islamic Studies 50
Total 111
3.9 Sampling Design
There are two sampling methods involved in this study, which are
expert sampling and purposive sampling. Expert in the design field and
Islamic studies were validated the data instrument and the prototype of
Islamic animated infographic. About six experts involved in this research
which three people in the design field and three people in Islamic studies.
This information was collected individually from the experts using
assessment form.
Then, purposive sampling was involved in this study. According to
Kumar (2014), purposive sampling is the type of sampling that can serve
as the best information to achieve the objectives. This sampling design is
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more efficient with this study because the researcher was select the units
with some purpose in mind. This study involved two groups for the
purposive sampling such as a group of design field and Islamic studies.
The chosen of these two groups for this study is because the Islamic
studies group are the entity which are closer to the community and
surroundings. They can give good impact towards the community for
change to something better. While the group of designers is the entities
who are producing a creative product for the attraction of the crowd.
For the context in this study, the design group, they are more
focused on the design of Islamic animated infographics while for the
Islamic Studies group, they are focusing on the content of the Islamic
animated infographic. These two groups were triangulated to provide a
better understanding about the Islamic animated infographic from the
designing and content aspects. According to Jick (1979), triangulation
gives meaning as “the combination of methodologies in the study of the
same phenomenon”. He also mentioned that different kind of data can be
collected if there have the same phenomenon.
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Table 3.4: Sampling design and the respondents involved
Sampling Area of Expertise
of Respondent
Expert Design Islamic Studies
Purposive Design
Islamic Studies
Table 3.5: Characteristics of experts involved in the
validation of prototype design
Expert Appropriateness of expert characteristics to
Characteristics validate and verify the prototype design
Domain knowledge:
Years of 5-15 years of experience
experience Multimedia, Animation, Qur’ān and Sunnah,
Educational Islamic Studies, Master Degree, PhD background Multimedia Instructor, Animator, Lecturer, Senior
Designation level Lecturer, Religious people
Cognitive Skills: Knowledge and technical skill about animation,
Able to differentiate multimedia, infographic, motion graphics and
the content and the knowledge of da’wah.
technical aspect of
the prototype design
Decision Strategies Experts have sufficient skill and knowledge in
domain of research (animation, da’wah and
infographic and visual communication)
Expert Task Similar interests in research subject
Congruence (Islamic animated infographic and da’wah)
Appropriate expertise in discipline specific task
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3.10 Data Collection Procedure
The data were collected using the qualitative method. Then, this
data was quantified by giving the survey distribution to the respondent.
Construct Data Design
Collection Instrument Prototype
Qualitative
No Instrument Prototype
No Validation
Testing
Pilot
Quantified Yes Data
Yes
Collection
Data
Figure 3.5: Data collection procedure in research
The study was started with a qualitative method by having the pilot
test. The first thing that a researcher needs to do is constructing the data
collection instrument. Once it was finished, experts were assessed and
validate the instrument. If there is a need to be adjusted the instruments,
the researcher need to reconstruct the data collection again. But, if the
instrument validation is fine, it goes to the next step. It same goes to the
prototype design. The researcher needs to design the prototype of Islamic
animated infographic first before giving to the experts for watching and
assessing it using the Learning Object Review Instrument (LORI). If
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there is a need to be altered for the prototype, the researcher needs to
redesign again, else it turns to the next stage which is a data collection
activity.
During data collection, the respondent needs to watch the Islamic
animated infographic prototype first before answer the survey question.
This is a quantified data from the survey given.
3.11 Prototype Design
Rasulullah (PBUH) showed manners of eating and drinking that we
can follow and imitate in everyday life as we are required to maintain the
health of the body and stay healthy because it is the mandate from Allah.
Below is the detail of prototype design for this study.
3.11.1 Storyboard
The storyboard is a graphic arrangement of illustration which
shows in sequence in animation as a pre-visualizing. In this storyboard,
all the scenes of Islamic animated infographic use eye-level angle. This is
commonly used on an angle or shot because it creates the emotionally
neutral and best use in perceiving a good vision.
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Table 3.6: Development of storyboard
Scene 1
The first scene uses a graphic of the
mosque to express the unity of the
ummah in Islam. Then, the text was
appearing in the graphic is the Quranic
verse regarding do not extravagant in
eating and drinking in surah Al-A’raf
verse 31.
Scene 2
The character is moving from the left-
hand side to show she is washing
hands. Hand washing is important in
maintaining the cleanliness and
wellness. This is the first sunnah while
eating.
Scene 3
The character/narrator shows the
second sunnah while eating which are
through sit with iftirasy position. There
has some explanation about this
sunnah. Sit with iftirasy in terms of
health is it stresses the extensive body
reflexology.
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Scene 4
The third sunnah is reciting Basmallah. A person should praise Allah by mentioning His name before eating.
In Sahih Muslim, Hadrat Hudhayfa (radiallahu anhu) relates that the Prophet (PBUH) stated that not reciting Bismillahir Rahman ir-
Rahim over food makes the food
permissible for Shaytan to partake in.
This means that if one does not
recite Bismillahir Rahman ir- Rahim prior to eating, Shaytan partakes in the meal.
Scene 5
The character appeared from left-hand
side to right-hand side to show the next
sunnah. The sunnah in this scene is
about eating with small feeding and
using the right hand. Eat by using the
right hand because Allah forbids using
His slaves using left hand when eating.
Scene 6
The next sunnah while eating is clear the plate.
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Scene 7
The character is licking fingers after finish eating. This is one of the sunnah while eating.
In Muslim it is related from Ka’ab ibn
Maalik (radiallahu anhu) that the
Prophet (PBUH) would use three fingers
while eating and would lick his blessed
fingers prior to wiping his hand.
In Sahih Muslim, Jaabir relates
(radiallahu anhu) relates that the
Prophet (PBUH) commanded us to lick
our fingers and the plate and he
(PBUH) said that you do not know (or
you never know) which part of the food
contains the barakah.
Scene 8
The next sunnah while eating is praising Allah after finish eating by saying Hamdalah.
After completing the meal, Muslims
praise and thank Allah for the blessing that He bestowed upon them. After
finishing their meal, Muslims say the following supplication:
“Praise be to Allah the One Who gave us the food and the drinks. Praise be to
Him Who made us Muslims.” (or at least say, Alhamdullilah)
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Scene 9
Next sunnah is washing hands and
gargle. Clean up the remnants of food
in between the teeth, and gargle to
clean the mouth, because with his
mouth that he dhikr of Allah Almighty
and talking with friends.
Scene 10
This scene shows the favorite foods of
the Prophet (PBUH) such as
watermelon, dates and Qithaa (a type
of cucumber that has fair skin). The
first picture of watermelon appeared,
followed by the picture of dates and
then a picture of cucumber.
Scene 11
Another sunnah of Prophet in eating is
He is not eating hot food instead
waiting for the food until it is cold.
Should not blow on hot food and do not
eat it until it is cool. The first graphic
shows the hot food and then turn to
food that is cool.
From Haakim, Jaabir (radiallahu
anhu), and from Abu Daud Asmaa
(radiallahu anha) relate that he PBUH
say “Let the food cool down because
there is no barakah (blessing) in hot
food.
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Scene 12
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also loved sweet and cold food. The picture of ice-cream was put with increasingly.
Scene 13
The last sunnah while eating is Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is love vinegar (khal) and olive oil.
3.11.2 Design for Case Study
From the storyboard above, a prototype design of the case study
was built. This prototype design is essential in getting the acceptance
level from the audience towards Islamic animated infographic.
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Scene 13
Figure 3.6: Prototype design
3.11.3 Platform
The prototype design was distributed using an online method which is
through a website. In this website, the prototype design and the questionnaire
were embedded together. The distribution of the survey questions was
conducted through the website because surveys can be distributed to a wider
not only focuses on a certain place. The instruction on how to answer this
survey was instructed on the main page of the website. This website was
designed using wix.com.
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3.12 Summary
This chapter has outlined the methodology used in this study. It
was highlighted the research framework, research flowchart, research
design, research instrument development, expert assessment worksheet,
survey questionnaire, population and sample size, sampling design data
collection procedure and prototype design. The results and discussion of
this study are presented in the next chapter. The uniqueness of
methodology were designed for this study is proper planning for research
activities from the beginning to the end. The specific method has been
used to ensure the clarity of process when it takes place. A suitable
method made the researcher more appropriate in measuring the
perspective from the experts for the prototype design. The assessment
evaluation had been used in a various study but in this research it focused
more on assessment towards multimedia focusing on the Islamic
animated infographic in da’wah context. This assessment remained half
of original Learning Object Review Instrument (LORI) and the additional
half of another element which related to this study. This study will
benefit towards the propagation of religion. The structured and
systematic appeared in the design in methodology will ensure the
accuracy, consistency and reliability of the findings.
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CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Overview of Chapter
This chapter presents the result of the data analysis. This
presentation of this chapter would be as follows. First, the analysis of
expert assessment would be highlighted based on their comments on the
prototype design and data collection instrument. About six experts in
design and Islamic studies background were checked and tested the
prototype design and the survey instrument. Some changes are needed to
make the prototype design and survey achieve based on comments from
experts. It is then followed by the test of the target respondent by
distributing the survey question as a quantified data for this study.
Second, the data screening process would be illustrated and the outcome
of the testing is being discussed in order to fulfill the assumptions. Then,
the result of the analysis for reliability and validity each of the constructs
elements is detailed out in this section.
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4.2 Expert Assessment on the Prototype Design
Table 4.1 below show about the comments from the expert towards
the prototype design. This part is crucial to obtain the validation and
readiness of prototype design before go the next step.
Table 4.1: Comments of the experts based on the prototype design
Field
Expertise Comment
Islamic Studies The overall prototype is fine. Able
to become one of the tools in
conveying the da’wah.
Qurān and Sunnah Overall is good. It has the clear
information based on the primary
sources of Muslim and able to give
the teaching of Islam as a way of
life.
Islamic Studies
Instructional Multimedia (Motion Graphic)
The title should align with the objective and must be linked to each other.
The character should be iconic and magnates.
Animation should become long life learning.
Should test the animation to the target audience to obtain the elements of acceptance.
Use multiple shots such as close up, medium shot.
Use bigger text for the mobile viewers because once the audience plays in mobile phone, the text is small. If the audience plays using the personal computer the text is fine.
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Field Expertise Comment
Instructional Multimedia (Motion Graphic)
The scenes are too short. The audience will somehow miss the text while they are listening and watching the animation at the same time.
Limited movements make the audience are not interacting with the graphics.
Need to refer staging concept for the principle of animation.
Sound: There is a sudden silence for the soundtrack. Use more enhances (cute, fun) voice. Not too serious.
The presentation will likely attract a certain audience, such as children and novice.
Using visual literacy to effectivelycommunicate and convey messages to the audience.
Animation, visual art, The overall prototype is good. The
visual animation story should be
communication, remembered thus practice in their
creative multimedia, life.
mobile apps,
infographic design
Animation It has a good potential but it lacks
detail explanation of the action.
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4.2.1 Analysis of Expert Assessment
This analysis is the result of the assessment of the prototype design
experts in Islamic studies and design field. Figure 4.1 below shows the
formula for expert assessment by demonstrating mean and standard
deviation for each evaluation criteria.
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=Title ContentQuality VisualCues VisualHierarchy FeedbackAndAdaptation Motivation
PresentationDesign Appeal Comprehension Retention Sound
Utility Reusability /STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV.
Figure 4.1: Formula for expert assessment on prototype design
4.2.2 Mean Score of Expert Assessment
Based on the result in table 4.2, the mean was arranged based on
the highest and lowest from the evaluation criteria. Then, it was rank to
show the priority for each prototype design criteria.
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Table 4.2: Expert assessment on prototype design
Evaluation Criteria Mean Std Deviation No.
Rank
Achievable to become one of 2.33 1.033 3
the da’wah dissemination and
convey the beauty of Islam
through creative approaches by
using simple and attractive
design.
It has a clear information based 2.50 0.548 2
on the fact, Qurān and Hadith.
Not fabricated.
Information interpreted 2.67 1.033 1
successfully and helps the
audience to understand the
information well.
The arrangement or presentation 2.17 0.753 4
of elements in a way that
implies importance.
Acceptable content or good 2.00 0.894 5
feedback to the Muslims and
non-Muslims.
Ability to motivate by creating 2.33 1.033 3
interest, thus audience will
practice in daily life.
Islamic animated infographic 2.67 0.816 1
enable audience to learn
efficiently because the texts and
graphics are clear.
Serving a clear information by 2.33 1.033 3
attracting people to engage with
Islamic animated infographic.
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Evaluation Criteria Mean Std No.
Deviation Rank
Effective communication gives 2.67 1.033 1
the audience better
understanding on the
information and knowledge
delivered.
Design of beauty (design 2.33 0.516 3
quality).
Sound (communicate with 2.50 0.548 2
meaningful information to the
audience).
Utility (meet the objective by 2.17 0.983 4
explorative and narrative).
Ability to use in da’wah 2.17 0.983 4
contexts with different
backgrounds of group
respondents.
The highest mean (2.67) represents the protrude element of the
Islamic animated infographic prototype. Unfortunately, there are contrast
result shows for the other around. The lowest mean (2.00) that is shown
the element which is need improvement in the prototype. The protrude
elements that have good views from the experts are two elements. The
first is about the visual cues which is the information interpreted
successfully and helps the audience to understand the information well.
Second, it is about comprehension which is an effective communication
gives the audience better understanding of the information and
knowledge delivered. These two elements got the highest mean because
136
it meets the requirement of the essential items in the prototype. The
lowest mean is the feedback and adaptation which is it acceptable content
or good feedback to the Muslim and non-Muslim.
The visual cues got the highest mean because it is necessary to put
in every graphic design. The right cues ensure the information in Islamic
animated infographic interpreted successfully. The benefit of visual cues
is to help the audience to understand the information well. As the
example in the prototype design, a character was raised up her hand to
recite the du’as. In Islam, all deeds need to begin with basmallah and end
with the praise to be Allah.
Furthermore, comprehension serves an understanding of the
information provided. In the prototype design, it is enough the VAK
model. VAK was given meaning by visual, auditory and kinesthetic.
From the prototype design, the experts can see clear visual of the story of
Islamic animated infographic. Moreover, the experts can hear the
character voice which is parallel with the lip-sync. For the entire story of
the prototype design, experts agreed that it could be an alternative
da’wah because the audience can practice in their daily life.
Feedback and adaptation are the lowest results from the experts
because there are many things need to be considered in getting a good
result for the prototype. For example, the content should be clear enough
together with a good design of the graphics.
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4.2.3 Expert Assessment Reliability Test for Prototype Design
Figure 4.2 below shows the formula for reliability test
evaluation criteria in prototype design by the experts.
RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=Title ContentQuality VisualCues
VisualHierarchy FeedbackAndAdaptation Motivation
PresentationDesign Appeal Comprehension Retention
Sound Utility Reusability
/SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL /MODEL=ALPHA
/STATISTICS=SCALE CORR
/SUMMARY=TOTAL CORR.
Figure 4.2: Formula for reliability
Table 4.3 shows the result for the reliability test. To achieve the
reliability of the result, Cronbach alpha needs to be used in the analysis.
In the table below shown the reliability test using Cronbach alpha value.
Table 4.3: Reliability test
Cronbach’s N of items
Alpha
0.922 13
138
According to Pallant (2007) and Mohd Rafi Yaacob (2013), 0.7 is
the acceptable value in getting the reliability result. The overall result of
the expert evaluation achieves the reliability because the entire item
discussed obtaining the result 0.9.
The reliability of the experts was achieved. This proved showed the
experts have trustworthy on the acceptance of Islamic animated
infographic as a one of the alternative tools in da’wah conveying.
4.3 Analysis of Survey
In this section, data of the survey questions were analyzed to get
the result as below. The items that were discussed in this section such as
demographic data, descriptive analysis of mean, reliability, mean for the
each element of Islamic animated infographic and t-test.
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4.3.1 Demographic Data
Table 4.4: Respondents demographic
Demographic Frequency Percentage (%)
Gender
Male 30 27
Female 81 73
Total 111 100
Age
20 or less 1 0.9
21-25 52 46.8
26-30 46 41.4
31-35 4 3.6
36-40 5 4.5 41 or above 3 2.7
Total 111 100
Area of Expertise
Design 61 55.0
Islamic Studies 50 45.0
Total 111 100
Occupation
Student 51 45.9
Designer 24 21.6
Islamic Preacher 18 16.2
Other 18 16.2
Total 111 100
The output result survey has 6 different tables which each
represents the respondent’s gender, age, area of expertise and occupation.
Out of 111 respondents in the research, 30 male and 81 female
involved in the survey. Their percentages were 27 percent and 73 percent
respectively. In terms of age, the respondents were divided into 6
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categories, only 1 people was in the first category (20 or less), this
constituted 0.9 percent of the sample. This is followed by those in the
second category (21-25 years). This is the largest group of the age of the
respondents with 52 respondents (46.8 %). About 46 respondents (41.4
%) in the age of the 26-30 category. Then, 4 respondents (3.6%) age
around 31-35 years. Lastly, for the age, about 3 respondents with 2.7
percent are in the age category of 41 or above. In terms of expertise,
more than half of the respondents (55%) are involved in design with 61
numbers of people. While, 50 expertise in Islamic studies with 45 percent
was involved in this survey. For the occupation category, respondents
from students are 51 people with 45.9 percent. Followed by the designer
with 24 people with 21.6 percent and Islamic Preachers and other
occupations are 18 people with 16.2 percent.
4.3.2 Descriptive Analysis
This analysis was summarized the data set of the sample to measure
the central tendency of the result. The results of the mean and reliability
for each element of Islamic animated infographic were shown as below.
141
4.3.2.1 Mean Scores for Acceptance Level
The mean score in survey result is an important section to be
discussed. In this section, it comprises of four parts such as acceptance
level, information elements, communication elements and technology
elements. Figure 4.3 below shows the formula in acceptance level for
Islamic animated infographic model.
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=AU1 AU2 AU3 AU4
AU5 /STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV.
Figure 4.3: Formula for acceptance level
Table 4.5 below represents the code and items used for acceptance level
in the survey question.
142
Table 4.5: Item codes for acceptance level
Code Items
AU1 I find the Islamic animated infographic very useful in my
life.
AU2 Islamic animated infographic increase my knowledge of
Islam.
AU3 Islamic animated infographic make the knowledge of Islam
more interesting.
AU4 I intend to watch Islamic animated infographic for different
topics.
AU5 I will suggest Islamic animated infographic to other people.
Table 4.6 shows the items, mean and standard deviation. The mean score
which highlighted the highest and lowest score for acceptance level in
Islamic animated infographic.
143
Table 4.6: Mean scores of acceptance level
Items Mean Std. No.
Deviation Rank
I find the Islamic animated4.40 0.592 4
infographic very useful in my life.
Islamic animated infographic 4.27 0.617 5
increase my knowledge of Islam.
Islamic animated infographic make 4.56 0.534 1
the knowledge of Islam more
interesting.
I intend to watch Islamic animated 4.43 0.627 2
infographic for different topics.
I will suggest Islamic animated 4.41 0.595 3
infographic to other people.
The number of ranks explained the rank of the mean for acceptance
level, elements of information, communication and technology for
Islamic animated infographic. From the question that was answered by
the respondents above is the acceptance level section. It shows the
highest rank is the Islamic animated infographic make the knowledge of
Islam more interesting. This is a relevant statement because the content
and the design which is contained in the prototype design have great
impact serving towards knowledge of Islam. This two combination
makes the Islamic knowledge is more interesting and appealing.
144
The lowest rank for the acceptance level is Islamic animated
infographic increase the knowledge of Islam. This statement got the
lowest result because the prototype design only focused on the sunnah of
Prophet in eating and drinking. In obtaining the best result, many topics
need to cover from all angles of knowledge in Islam.
4.3.2.2 Mean Scores for Information Element
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=INFO1 INFO2 INFO3 INFO4
INFO5 INFO6 INFO7 INFO8
/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV.
Figure 4.4: Formula for information element
Figure 4.4 above shows the formula in information elements of Islamic
animated infographic. While table 4.7 below represents the code and
items used for information elements in the survey question.
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Table 4.7: Item codes for information element
Code Items
INFO1 The information is clear enough.
INFO2 Provides the precise information based on the fact
from the Al-Quran.
INFO3 Provides the precise information based on the fact
from the Hadith.
INFO4 The information contains the commandment in
the Islamic teaching.
INFO5 Serves a better understanding to retain the
information for long-term memory.
INFO6 The information provides a good example to the
public for them to follow.
INFO7 The information is delivered by using harsh words.
INFO8 The information contains manipulative facts.
Table 4.8 below shows the items, mean and standard deviation. The
mean score which highlighted the highest and lowest score for
information elements in Islamic animated infographic.
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Table 4.8: Mean scores of information element
Items Mean Std. Deviation No.
Rank
The information is 3.96 0.797 4
clear enough.
Provides the precise 4.19 0.745 2
information based on
the fact from the Al-
Quran.
Provides the precise 4.19 0.745 2
information based on
the fact from the
Hadith.
The information 3.93 0.850 5
contains the
commandment in the
Islamic teaching.
Serves a better 4.11 0.665 3
understanding to retain
the information for
long-term memory.
The information 4.29 0.652 1
provides a good
example to the public
for them to follow.
The information is 2.07 1.118 7
delivered by using
harsh words.
The information 2.32 1.200 6
contains manipulative
facts.
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The highest ranking for the information element is the information
provided a good example to the public for them to follow. This statement
got the highest result because da’wah would be more effective if it
carried out by showing a good example for people to influence a person’s
attitude. It has been proved during the time of the Prophet (PBUH), when
He delivered the message through da’wah bil haal (da’wah through
action). His behaviors such a patient and gentle to the Quraish have
attracted them to embrace Islam. Mauizah hasanah that are shown by the
Prophet (PBUH) is the best character and the best model for mankind.
This shows that the da’wah bil haal is more effective compared with
da’wah bil lisan (da’wah through communication).
The lowest ranking for Islamic animated infographic in information
element is the information delivered by using harsh words. This
statement is actually the negative questions but sometimes respondents
were mistakenly read the question and tick inappropriate scale. The
information cannot be delivered by using harsh words because da’wah
should use gentle words to attract more people closer to Islam.
4.3.2.3 Mean Scores for Communication Element
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=COMM9 COMM10 COMM11 COMM12 COMM13
/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV.
Figure 4.5: Formula for communication element
148
Figure 4.5 above shows the formula in communication elements of
Islamic animated infographic.
Table 4.9 below represents the code and items used for communication
elements in the survey question.
Table 4.9: Items codes for communication element
Code Items
COMM9 Islamic animated infographic are considered as a part
of worshiping acts in Muslim life.
COMM10 Islamic animated infographic make me remember
God.
COMM11 Communication element should contain the
component of da’wah (propagating of Islam) which is
the principle of al-amru bi ma’ruf wa al-nahyi
munkar (commanding good and forbidding evil)
COMM12
COMM13
Communication activities in Islamic animated
infographic would increase my level of Taqwa
(conscious of Allah)
Islamic animated infographic are able to be the
important factor in spreading the da’wah.
Table 4.10 below shows the items, mean and standard deviation. The
mean score which highlighted the highest and lowest score for
communication elements in Islamic animated infographic.
149
Table 4.10: Mean scores of communication element
Items Mean Std. Deviation No.
Rank
Islamic animated 3.98 0.820 4
infographic are considered
as a part of worshiping acts
in Muslim life.
Islamic animated 4.18 0.635 2
infographic make me
remember God.
Communication element 4.33 0.623 1
should contain the
component of da’wah
(propagating of Islam)
which is the principle of al-
amru bi ma’ruf wa al-nahyi
munkar (commanding good
and forbidding evil)
Communication activities 4.01 0.595 3
in Islamic animated
infographic would increase
my level of Taqwa
(conscious of Allah)
Islamic animated 4.33 0.623 1
infographic are able to be
the important factor in
spreading the da’wah.
There are two items that have the highest ranking for the
communication element. These two items should contain the component
of da’wah which is the principle of al-amru bi ma’ruf wa al-nahyi
munkar and Islamic animated infographic are able to be the important
150
factor in spreading the da’wah. This principle is one of the benchmarks in
communication media to kept five major of Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah. The
element of al-amru bi ma’ruf wa al-nahyi munkar in communication
become one of the components that must be used while conveying the
da’wah. Moreover, Islamic animated infographic is able to become one
of the factors to convey the da’wah because it has an attraction to people
more recognize the teaching of Islam closer through creative and
attractive approach.
The lowest ranking for the communication element is Islamic
animated infographic are considered as a part of worshiping acts in
Muslim life. This is because the Islamic animated infogaphic is only
acted as a tool or medium to get closer to the Creator, but it turned to the
individual self to perform and practice in daily life to become a better
Muslim.
151
4.3.2.4 Mean Scores for Technology Element
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=TECH14 TECH15 TECH16
TECH17 TECH18 TECH19 TECH20 TECH21 TECH22 TECH23
/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV.
Figure 4.6: Formula for technology element
Figure 4.6 above shows the formula in technology elements of Islamic
animated infographic.
Table 4.11 below represents the code and items used for technology
elements in the survey question.
Table 4.11: Items codes for technology element
Code Items
TECH14 Islamic animated infographic bring benefits to people.
TECH15 Islamic animated infographic assist me to become a better
person.
TECH16 Contains attractive technology-based context.
TECH17 Adequate motion graphic elements. (For examples: color,
typography, sound)
TECH18 Contributes towards my deeds advancement
152
Code Items
TECH19 Provides a specific knowledge of Islam.
TECH20 Designers need to collaborate with the religious people to
produce the more Islamic-based interactive product.
TECH21 Invented technology should be sophisticated in order to
attract more people to learn deeply about Islam.
TECH22 Islamic animated infographic bring benefits to the life of a
Muslim.
TECH23 Islamic animated infographic can be the best platform of
da’wah to non-Muslims.
Table 4.12 below shows the items, mean and standard deviation. The
mean score which highlighted the highest and lowest score for
technology elements in Islamic animated infographic.
153
Table 4.12: Mean scores of technology element
Items Mean Std. No.
Deviation Rank
Islamic animated infographic 4.35 0.566 4
bring benefits to people.
Islamic animated infographic 4.08 0.702 7
assist me to become a better
person.
Contains attractive technology- 4.26 0.723 6
based context.
Adequate motion graphic 4.04 0.785 9
elements.
(For examples: color, typography,
sound)
Contributes towards my deeds 4.02 0.674 8
advancement
Provides a specific knowledge of 3.97 0.667 10
Islam.
Designers need to collaborate with 4.58 0.565 1
the religious people to produce the
more Islamic-based interactive
product.
154
Items Mean Std. No.
Deviation Rank
Invented technology should be 4.36 0.772 3
sophisticated in order to attract
more people to learn deeply about
Islam.
Islamic animated infographic 4.32 0.556 5
bring benefits to the life of a
Muslim.
Islamic animated infographic can 4.38 0.661 2
be the best platform of da’wah to
non-Muslims.
The highest ranking for the technology element is the designers
need to collaborate with religious people in order to produce more
Islamic-based interactive product. Cooperation between the designers
and the preachers (techno-da’ē) will make the technical design and the
content of Islamic animated infographic is more interesting. This
excellent cooperation will produce more Islamic-based interactive
product in assisting da’wah dissemination much easier and faster.
The lowest ranking in technology element is Islamic animated
infographic provides a specific knowledge of Islam. This is because, it
prototype design just focus on one part of sunnah only. There is a variety
of sunnah that could be covered such as tahajjud prayer, reciting and
learning Qurān, dhuha prayer and much more.
155
4.3.3 Reliability Test
Figure 4.7 until 4.10 below shows the reliability formula in
Islamic animated infographic model.
RELIABILITY
/VARIABLES=AU1 AU2 AU3 AU4 AU5
/SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL
/MODEL=ALPHA
/STATISTICS=SCALE CORR
/SUMMARY=TOTAL CORR.
Figure 4.7: Reliability formula for acceptance level
RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=INFO1 INFO2 INFO3 INFO4 INFO5 INFO6
INFO7 INFO8
/SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL
/MODEL=ALPHA
/STATISTICS=SCALE CORR
/SUMMARY=TOTAL CORR.
Figure 4.8: Reliability formula for information element
RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=COMM9 COMM10 COMM11 COMM12
COMM13 /SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL
/MODEL=ALPHA
/STATISTICS=SCALE CORR /SUMMARY=TOTAL CORR.
Figure 4.9: Reliability formula for communication element
156
RELIABILITY
/VARIABLES=TECH14 TECH15 TECH16 TECH17 TECH18
TECH19 TECH20 TECH21 TECH22 TECH23 /SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL
/MODEL=ALPHA
/STATISTICS=SCALE CORR
/SUMMARY=TOTAL CORR.
Figure 4.10: Reliability formula for technology element
Table 4.13 shows the result of the reliability test for acceptance level and
the elements in Islamic animated infographic such as information,
communication and technology elements.
Table 4.13: Reliability test for respondents
Elements of N of Cronbach’s
Islamic animated infographic items Alpha Value
Acceptance Level 5 0.847 Information 8 0.854
Communication 5 0.814
Technology 10 0.840
Overall items of Islamic animated infographic were obtained
Cronbach value around 0.8 and it was achieved the reliability test. In
general, most researchers agree that value of 0.7 is acceptable (Mohd
Rafi Yaacob, 2013; Pallant, 2007).
The result of Cronbach’s Alpha for all values is around 0.8. Thus,
it achieves the reliability of the result of Islamic animated infographic for
the da’wah conveying.
157
4.3.4 Mean Scores of Islamic Animated Infographic Elements
Figure 4.11 until 4.13 below shows the formula for the essential
component in Islamic animated infographic such as acceptance level,
information element, communication element and technology element.
COMPUTE
infoall=MEAN(INFO1,INFO2,INFO3,INFO4,INFO5,INFO6).
EXECUTE.
MEANS TABLES=infoall
/CELLS MEAN MEDIAN STDDEV /STATISTICS ANOVA.
Figure 4.11: Formula for overall mean in information element
COMPUTE infoall=MEAN(COMM10,COMM11,COMM12,COMM13). EXECUTE.
MEANS TABLES=infoall
/CELLS MEAN MEDIAN STDDEV
/STATISTICS ANOVA.
Figure 4.12: Formula for overall mean in communication element
COMPUTE
techall=MEAN(TECH14,TECH15,TECH16,TECH17,TECH18,TECH19,
TECH20,TECH21,TECH22,TECH23).
EXECUTE.
MEANS TABLES=commall /CELLS MEAN COUNT STDDEV
/STATISTICS ANOVA.
Figure 4.13: Formula for overall mean in technology element
158
Table 4.14: Mean for overall elements in Islamic animated infographic
Element Mean Std. No.
Deviation Rank
Information 4.111 0.566 3 Communication 4.126 0.532 2
Technology 4.235 0.430 1
Table 4.14 shows the mean for overall elements in Islamic
animated infographic. The three elements of Islamic animated
infographic were computed based on the mean. The highest (rank number
one) mean showed the element of technology, middle mean (rank number
two) is communication, meanwhile lowest mean (rank number three)
demonstrated the information elements.
159
4.3.5 T-Test (Independent-samples)
Table 4.15: T-Test for expertise
Element Expertise N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
m_acceptance Design 61 4.371 0.492 0.063 Islamic Studies 50 4.468 0.434 0.061
m_info Design 61 3.596 0.459 0.059
Islamic Studies 50 3.678 0.443 0.063
m_comm Design 61 4.105 0.563 0.072
Islamic Studies 50 4.244 0.411 0.058
m_tech Design 61 4.164 0.470 0.060
Islamic Studies 50 4.322 0.361 0.051
160
Element Levene’s Test for t-test for Equality of Means
Equality of
Variances
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence (2- Differenc Differenc Interval of the
tailed) e e Difference
Lower Upper
m_acce Equal variances 1.058 0.306 -1.094 109 0.276 -0.0975 0.089 -0.274 0.079 ptance assumed
Equal variances -1.108 108.381 0.270 -0.0975 0.088 -0.272 0.077
not assumed
m_info Equal variances 0.549 0.460 -.942 109 0.348 -0.081 0.086 -0.252 0.090
assumed
Equal variances -.945 106.064 0.347 -0.081 0.086 -0.252 0.089
not assumed
m_com Equal variances 2.850 0.094 -1.458 109 0.148 -0.139 0.095 -0.328 0.050
m assumed
Equal variances -1.503 107.645 0.136 -0.139 0.093 -0.323 0.044
not assumed
m_tech Equal variances 1.343 0.249 -1.953 109 0.053 -0.158 0.081 -0.319 0.002
assumed
Equal variances -2.004 108.584 0.048 -0.158 0.079 -0.314 -0.002
not assumed
161
Table 4.15 above shows the t-test result for expertise involved in
this study. First look at the mean of acceptance level (m_acceptance)
between design and Islamic Studies expertise. Mean on acceptance level
of Islamic animated infographic for design expertises and Islamic
expertises is 4.371 and 4.468 respectively. An independent-sample t-test
was conducted to compare the acceptance level of expertise of designers
and Islamic studies. There was no significant difference in scores for the
designers (M = 4.371, SD = 0.492) and Islamic studies expert, M =
4.468, SD = 5.71; t(109) = -1.094, p = 0.276.
An independent-sample t-test was conducted to compare the
information element (m_info) among expertise of designers and Islamic
studies. There was no significant difference in scores for the designers
(M = 3.597, SD = 0.459) and Islamic studies expert, M = 3.678, SD =
0.443; t(109) = -0.942, p = 0.348.
An independent-sample t-test was conducted to compare the
communication element (m_comm) among expertise of designers and
Islamic studies. There was no significant difference in scores for the
designers (M = 4.105, SD = 0.563) and Islamic studies expert, M =
4.244, SD = 0.411; t(109) = -1.458, p = 0.148.
An independent-sample t-test was conducted to compare the
technology element (m_tech) among expertise of designers and Islamic
studies. There was a significant difference in scores for the designers (M
162
= 4.164, SD = 0.470) and Islamic studies expert, M = 4.344, SD = 0.361;
t(109) = -1.953, p = 0.053.
The overall result of the acceptance level and the elements of
information, communication have no significant among the designers and
Islamic studies experts. While, technology element has a significant
difference. This is proved that, the designers and Islamic studies people
have the same perception of the elements of information and
communication and also the acceptance level of Islamic animated
infographic. For the element of technology, there is a different perception
towards Islamic animated infographic. This is because, the designers are
too focused on technical things in particular such as the design of the
Islamic animated infographic. Meanwhile, the expert in Islamic studies is
more focus on the content of the Islamic animated infographic.
4.4 Discussion
As mentioned before, this study is to develop an Islamic animated
infographic model for the da’wah dissemination. The elements consist of
information, communication and technology which created suitable
characteristics of the Islamic animated infographic model. This
characteristic combined with the five elements of da’wah such as da’ē
(preacher), mad’u (audience), maudu’ (topic), manhaj (method) and
wasā’il (medium).
163
The proposed model for Islamic animated infographic was shown
in Figure 4.14 as below. In mechanism part of Islamic animated
infographic elements such as information, communication and
technology, each element for each item has been arranged in accordance
with the highest and the lowest level of acceptance from the respondents.
From this model, Islamic animated infographic can serve the
understanding of Islamic knowledge to the audience, thus they can be
practiced and apply in everyday life.
164
Islamic animated infographic model become a practical medium
(wasa’il) in disseminating the da’wah. It begins with the input which is
da’e must make the primary sources such as the Qurān and Hadith as a
reference in preaching. Then, it was an interpretation of the mechanism
which contains three essential elements in Islamic animated infographic
such as information, communication and technology. In this mechanism,
research shown the element of technology was in the highest ranking
followed by the element of communication. Both elements act as a
method (manhaj) to this model. Subsequently, information element was
posited in the lowest ranking. This element act as content (maudhu’) to
the Islamic animated infographic model. The mechanism contained in
these elements are important to spread the message to the target
audiences. The successful message gives an opportunity to absorb the
values and wisdom as understanding for them to practice it.
In the mechanism of the model, the highest item in technology
element. The designers need to collaborate with the religious people to
produce the more Islamic-based interactive product. This collaboration is
needed for the future undertaking in producing more creative inventions
to promote Islamic-based interactive products. The finding is consistent
with findings of past studies by Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd
Salleh, Khairul Khalil Ishak, and Muhammad Zaki Ramli (2015), which
this collaboration is essential to the people who involve in a technical
field which is ICT practitioner as a technology enabler and religious
166
people as a content provider. These two groups of people have a different
background but they have the same objective which is to uphold the
righteous of Islam to the right path. Furthermore, the second highest item
in technology element is the Islamic animated infographic can be the best
platform of da’wah to non-Muslims. This infographic is able for the non-
Muslims to watch it because it serves the basic knowledge of Islam. This
could be the starting point for them to learn Islam. Then, the third item is
the invented technology should be sophisticated in order to attract more
people to learn deeply about Islam. This shows that software and
hardware in producing Islamic animated infographic need to in line with
current sophisticated technologies that being used. The current and
sophisticated technologies will attract more people intend to watch
Islamic animated infographic because the outputs are fascinating. The
next item in Islamic animated infographic for technology element is it
brings benefits to people. The knowledgeable du’at can give to people
the values and wisdom in each information that are serve to the audience
(Md. Asham Ahmad, 2015). Thus, people can differentiate by themselves
what are right or wrong in particular issues or things. The item rank
number five in technology element is Islamic animated infographic can
bring benefits to the life of a Muslim. It is in line with statement of
Tengku Asmadi Tengku Mohamad, Mohd. Nabil Madji Arip, and Rosidi
Shahari (2015), technology development give the information interpreted
by the sense and the mind thus contribute to action that eventually
167
becomes habits and creating their personal. Moreover, the item number
six in the model is Islamic animated infographic contains attractive
technology-based context. Mesmerizing animation combined with
appealing content can give value added towards Islamic animated
infographic. All those things could realize by having a good
technological invention. Then, the item number seven is Islamic
animated infographic can assist to become a better person. This tool is
one of the alternatives to be a good Muslim by keep closer with The
Creator. As Muslims, we are required to find whatever medium to keep
closer to Allah. As Allah mention in surah Al-Ma’idah verse 35:
O you who have believed, fear Allah and seek the means
[of nearness] to Him and strive in His cause that you may
succeed. (Al-Ma’idah, 5:35)
The rank number eight is Islamic animated infographic contributes
towards the deeds advancement. The good deeds can be increased by
assisting of this infographic. This infographic can help people in daily
routine to do the kindness. Next, the rank number nine is Islamic
animated infographic is an adequate motion graphic element such as
color, typography and sound. The sufficient element of motion graphic
will make the animation more amusing. This technical production needs
to expert animators to design it. The lowest rank in technology element is
it provides a specific knowledge of Islam. There are various knowledge
168
in Islam, such as a belief (‘aqīdah), worship (‘ibādah), ethics (akhlāq)
and social relations (mu’amalah). Islamic animated infographic is able to
animate the story for all these knowledge topics.
In the communication element, the highest ranking is a
communication element should contain the component of da’wah which
is the principle of al-amru bi ma’ruf wa al-nahyi munkar (commanding
good and forbidding evil) Islamic animated infographic is able to be the
important factor in spreading the da’wah. This is the ethics that need the
du’at to take care of while preaching. It depends on the manhaj
Rabbāniyyah (method of Divine origin) which is through verse 125 in
surah Al-Nahl (Zulkiplie Abd. Ghani, 2015). The second rank in this
element is Islamic animated infographic can make people remember
God. By creating this infographic, indirectly audience will remember to
the Creator and can assure their heart.
Those who have believed and whose hearts are assured by
the remembrance of Allah. Unquestionably, by the
remembrance of Allah hearts are assured. (Ar-Ra’d, 13:
28)
The next rank is communication activities in Islamic animated
infographic would increase the level of Taqwa (conscious of Allah).
Taqwa is obeying His commands and forbid from His prohibitions. As
Allah mention in surah Yunus verse 6 which is Allah command to the
169
mankind for observing the creation created by Him as a sign to fear Allah
for those with taqwa.
Indeed, in the alternation of the night and the day and [in]
what Allah has created in the heavens and the earth are
signs for a people who fear Allah (Yunus, 10:6)
The lowest rank for communication element is Islamic animated
infographic are considered as a part of worshiping acts in Muslim life.
And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to
worship Me. (Adh-Dhariyat, 51:56)
The man was created by Allah to worship Him alone. We need to find
any medium to get closer to Allah but must have sincerity of Niyyah
(intention of man’s actions) to consider as ibādah (worship). Islamic
animated infographic is one of manifestation to get closer to Allah but
should be included with the sincere intention.
Information element was considered as the lowest ranking from the
elements of Islamic animated infographic. However, it is necessary for
designing a good infographic in da’wah context. The highest ranking for
the item is the information provides a good example to the public for
them to follow. Then animated infographic must be promoting the amar
ma’ruf (good deeds) and prohibiting nahy munkar (evil conduct) as a
guideline. The second item rank in information element is Islamic
170
animated infographic provides the precise information based on the fact
from the Qurān and Hadith. Qurān and Hadith are the primary sources
for Muslims to refer as a base line in life. Those who follow these two
sources will succeed in the world and Hereafter (Mohamad Fauzan
Noordin, 2009). These two primary sources of Muslims are also known
as a Tawḥīdic paradigm to uphold as a foundation in handling any
aspects of ICT. The third item rank in the Islamic animated infographic
model is it serves a better understanding to retain the information for
long-term memory. An attractive graphics blended with the excellent
content will give an opportunity to the people remember that particular
topic. It is because the human brain can recall the pictures in their
memory for long lasting. The rank number four in this model is the
information is clear enough. The clarity of the information served on
Islamic animated infographic give understanding to the audience thus
applies it in life. Next, the rank number five is the information contains
the commandment in the Islamic teaching. In Islam, there is do and don’t
that was clearly stated in Qurān and Hadith. Islamic animated
infographic try to visualize it in animated form to attract people to learn
Islam with an attractive medium. The next ranking in the Islamic
animated infographic is the information contains manipulative facts. This
is could not be realized because everything related to Islam needs for
precise according to the command from Allah. This is just a negative
statement on testing the understanding of the respondents whether they
171
understood or not with that situation. The lowest ranking in information
elements is the information is delivered by using harsh words. This is
also the negative statement in the survey to test the respondent’s focus
while answering the survey questions. This could not happen because
Islam is emphasizing the words or the actions to be gentle in all deeds.
There are a lot of quranic verses mentioned about gentle in doing all
things.
Even though all the elements and items shows the highest and
lowest ranking in this model, all the components are essential in
designing an excellent Islamic animated infographic as an alternative in
the da’wah spreading. Therefore, the major findings from this study
contribute to the production of religiosity animations. Indeed, da’wah
cannot widely circulate without the wealth technology that are now has
no physical boundaries. Da’wah through technology can give a major
impact toward society to become a man who can give benefits the other
man and become the best slave to the Creator.
172
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
5.1 Overview of Chapter
This chapter discusses the conclusion of this study based on the
research questions as posited in Chapter 1. It includes discussion on the
recapitulation of the study findings, the contribution of the research
which includes the theoretical contribution and practical implication,
limitations and suggestions for future research. Lastly, this chapter ends
up by forwarding the concluding remark.
5.2 Recapitulation of the Study Findings
This study examines an Islamic animated infographic model for the
da’wah dissemination. The overall results of assessment evaluations from
the experts were shown a positive response towards the prototype design
which is the case study of this research. Hence, Islamic animated
infographic from the view of experts are able to become one of the
alternative tools that can be used in da’wah dissemination. Moreover, the
reliability test from the experts got the optimum outcome and it obtains
reliable results.
173
Furthermore, the analysis result of the survey gives positive
feedback. The analysis of each element using descriptive analysis can be
identified which items got the highest and lowest ranking. Thus, these
recognize the items got the most important and the least important for the
elements of information, communication and technology. Besides, the
reliability test for every element got 0.8 and it achieves the reliable result.
In addition, t-test analysis for an expertise was examined. The
result for expertise t-test shown that elements of information and
communication have not significant among expertise which are designers
and Islamic studies. While the element of technology have significant
between designers and Islamic studies. It gives meaning that, experts
have different perception towards Islamic animated infographic.
5.3 Contribution of the Research
The result of this study provides several significant theoretical and
practical implications. Details of the contributions and implications are
discussed as below:
174
5.3.1 Theoretical Contribution
From a theoretical standpoint, this research has several
contributions to the theories. First, this research used the Unified Theory
of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) at the part of survey
question in the section B which is the acceptance of use. It was adapted
only four elements instead of eight prominent user acceptance models
from the theory. This adapted theory can be used for examining the
acceptance level for multimedia learning-based especially in an Islamic
and da’wah context.
Another theory was used in the research was a Learning Object
Review Instrument (LORI). This adapted theory used for the experts’
assessment in evaluated the prototype design of Islamic animated
infographic. This instrument tool may use for an assessment of other
multimedia-based learning or prototype design testing from the expertise.
5.3.2 Practical Implication
The research study is present the model of Islamic animated
infographics for the da’wah dissemination specifically in Malaysia.
Later, this study was reviewed the basic provision of communication in
Islamic animated infographics, elements and principles of Islamic
animated infographics and how information delivers to the target
175
audience effectively. This study is beneficial to the three categories such
as individual, society and country.
For the benefits of the individual, Islamic animated infographics could
enhance the understanding of Islamic knowledge even though it incorporates
heavy content because it has a commandment and punishment which clearly
mentioned in the Qurān and Hadith. Moreover, Islamic animated
infographics can be watched by all ages and not specific to a certain group
of people only. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the Muslim in Malaysia as
this study enhances the knowledge of Islam and the platform of da’wah by
using Islamic animated infographics. This is one of the most pleasing,
entertaining and simplest ways to learn Islam profoundly because it makes
simpler from the complex information.
Furthermore, this study also would be beneficial for the
community. The designers and preachers need to collaborate in
producing a more creative outcome. It is crucial for the designers and
preachers to collaborate in acquiring more techno-da’ē to have more
Islamic-based technology products for benefits others.
Moreover, this study provides advantages to the country. The basic
value of Islam was contained in the prototype design of Islamic animated
infographic. It will promote the strength of society. This is the foundation
for generating good individual and social life namely as Maqāsid al-
Sharī’ah. The impact of the implementation of Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah
176
towards the country as a strategic model because its administration based
on the Islamic teaching.
5.4 Conclusion
The objective of the study is to develop the model of Islamic
animated infographic in da’wah dissemination. This study was
determined the elements of Islamic animated infographic as a suitable
item for the model such as information, communication and technology.
This study also evaluates the elements of Islamic animated infographic
that affect towards the acceptance level of da’wah which explain detail
about elements of Islamic animated infographic from the context of the
da’wah component. Furthermore, a proposed model of Islamic animated
infographic was enlightened as a da’wah dissemination. All in all, the
results signify that the Islamic animated infographic model provides a
good acceptance level to convey the da’wah through a creative approach
because it gives total comprehension and da’wah absorption to people
practicing in daily life. From the findings shows that, the animated
infographics model to convey the da’wah have a great potential to go
further for the future enhancement. This would expectedly heighten the
animated infographics model in spreading the da’wah. Da’wah using
technology is not meant to replace the da’wah that has been done by the
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) but da’wah must be carried out in line with
177
the times so that the da’wah of Islam can be delivered more efficiently
and effectively. Through this study, Islamic animated infographics as a
da’wah medium have proved that it can be accepted by the respondents.
This clearly shows that it can give the new impetus to the da’wah through
technology and can contribute toward maslahah ummah (benefit of
people).
5.5 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Studies
In this study, there are several numbers of the limitation to
accomplish the whole thesis. First, the sample size of the respondents
which is an expert in the design and Islamic studies makes bridle to the
data collection process. This background of the target respondent needs
to identify first before giving the survey for them to answer. The
alternative way to distribute a questionnaire to the targeted respondent is
through online distribution which is trough the website. It looks
proficient because respondents need to watch the prototype design first
and then answer the survey. Then, the link on the website was distributed
through the whatsApp application, Facebook as a social media as a
platform and email. The survey result was selected based on the area of
expertise in design and Islamic studies only from the response to
analyzing.
178
Second, the development of prototype design. The prototype design
of Islamic animated infographic is already illustrated and developed the
storyline. But, unfortunately, the researcher did not have enough
capability to design a good animation of Islamic animated infographic.
Thus, a researcher asked an animator to design the prototype to get the
great result of the animation.
Third, the process to get the result of assessment from the experts
was a bit challenging. This is because, the experts unable to answer the
evaluation of the prototype design and data collection immediately
because of the time constraint. Thus, the researcher needs to have an
appointment and give to them about two to three days’ space to evaluate
it.
Finally, this research was focused on the elements of information,
communication and technology as a base on the da’wah dissemination in
Islamic animated infographic. Therefore, it is recommended that future
research should apply other elements to enlarge the da’wah activities for
the benefits of people. Moreover, this research could become a
comparative study from another country which practices Islam in
disseminating the da’wah. To the future researchers, this study can
provide baseline information on the recent status of Islamic animated
infographics.
179
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188
APPENDIX - B
Expert Assessment Evaluation
EXPERT EVALUATION WORKSHEET
Prophet’s Sunnah in Eating and Drinking
Activity: Prototype Design (Validation & Readiness) Date: 11/1/16
Expert Name:
Agency/ Company:
Expert in:
Evaluation Checklist
No. Evaluation Criteria Excellent Very
Good Fair Poor REMARK Good
Title: 1 Achievable to become one of the da’wah
dissemination and convey the beauty of Islam
through creative approaches by using simple and attractive design.
190
No. Evaluation Criteria Excellent Very
Good Fair Poor REMARK Good
Visual Cues: 3 Information interpreted successfully and helps
the audience to understand the information well.
Hierarchy: 4 The arrangement or presentation of elements
in a way that implies importance.
Feedback and Adaptation:
5 Acceptable content or good feedback to the Muslims and non-Muslims.
Motivation: 6 Ability to motivate by creating interest, thus
audience will practice in daily life.
Presentation Design: 7 Islamic animated infographic enable audience
to learn efficiently because the texts and graphics are clear.
191
No. Evaluation Criteria Excellent Very
Good Fair Poor REMARK Good
Comprehension: 9 Effective communication gives the audience
better understanding on the information and knowledge delivered.
Retention: 10 Design of beauty (design quality).
Sound (communicate with meaningful information to the audience).
Utility (meet the objective by explorative and narrative).
Reusability: 11 Ability to use in da’wah contexts with
different backgrounds of group respondents.
192
Overall comment/ Suggestion (eg.: verified, validated, questionnaire are recommended, etc)
Commented by: Accepted by:
__________________________
________________________
Subject Matter Expert
Agency/ Company
Nur Nazihah binti Rahim Master Degree student Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.
193
APPENDIX - C
Questionnaire
Dear respondent,
I am Nur Nazihah binti Rahim (C14D016F), a Master Degree student from the
Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage in Multimedia is conducting a
research on AN ISLAMIC ANIMATED INFOGRAPHIC MODEL FOR
DA’WAH DISSEMINATION: A CASE STUDY OF PROPHET’S
SUNNAH IN EATING AND DRINKING. This is the questionnaire that is
related to the research. You are selected to participate in this research. I would
like to thank for your cooperation and willingness to answer the questionnaire.
Saya Nur Nazihah binti Rahim (C14D016F), pelajar jurusan Sarjana dari
Fakulti Teknologi Kreatif dan Warisan dalam bidang Multimedia sedang
melakukan kajian penyelidikan tentang MODEL ISLAMIK INFOGRAFIK
BERANIMASI UNTUK PENYEBARAN DAKWAH: SATU KAJIAN KES
SUNNAH NABI DALAM MAKAN DAN MINUM. Soal selidik ini berkaitan
dengan kajian penyelidikan di atas. Oleh itu, encik/cik/tuan/puan telah dipilih
untuk terlibat dalam kajian penyelidikan ini. Saya amat berterima kasih atas
kerjasama dan kesudian encik/cik/tuan/puan untuk menjawab soal selidik ini.
Thank you,
(Nur Nazihah binti Rahim)
194
_______________________________________________________________
Survey Information ______________________________________________________________
This survey is conducted by Nur Nazihah binti Rahim from Faculty of
Creative Technology and Heritage for her master’s degree requirement. Her
research project is supervised by Dr. Nik Zulkarnaen Hj. Khidzir, Dr. Anuar
Mohd Yusof and Asst. Prof. Dr. Aznan Zuhid Saidin (IIUM). This study is
conducted to determine An Islamic Animated Infographics Model For
Da’wah Dissemination: A Case Study of Prophet’s Sunnah in Eating and
Drinking.
Kajian ini dijalankan oleh Nur Nazihah binti Rahim dari Fakulti Teknologi
Kreatif dan Warisan untuk keperluan ijazah sarjana. Projek penyelidikan
beliau diselia oleh Dr. Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir, Dr. Anuar Mohd Yusof dan
Pen. Prof. Dr. Aznan Zuhid Saidin (UIAM). Kajian ini dijalankan untuk
menentukan Model Islamik Infografik Beranimasi Untuk Penyebaran
Dakwah: Satu Kajian Kes Sunnah Nabi Dalam Makan Dan Minum.
Further information:
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact No. : 013-3155320
195
This questionnaire consists of THREE (3) major parts:
Respondent Profile (Section A), The Acceptance of Use
(Section B) and The Content of Islamic Animated Infographic
(Section C)
A short description of Islamic animated infographic as a da’wah
platform.
Animated infographics have emerged from infographics and they have
become increasingly popular as they attract audience’s attention than words
alone. Animated infographics are able to convey more information with
successive images compared to stilled images. Animated infographics are
suitable in understanding the concept and uncertain issues. Thus, animated
infographics as a tool for the da’wah dissemination or in other words,
Islamic animated infographic could become one of the useful techniques to
understand the Islamic knowledge in era of ICT by utilizing the advantages
of the technology to its fullest. It is an alternative way to uphold the
righteous of Islam. The aim of this Islamic animated infographic is to
convey Islamic messages through creative, simple and attractive design. It
also acts as an alternative and platform for the da’wah.
Keterangan ringkas mengenai Islamik infografik beranimasi sebagai
platform dakwah.
Infografik beranimasi telah muncul daripada infografik dan menjadi
semakin popular kerana mampu menarik perhatian para penonton
berbanding dengan perkataan sahaja. Infografik beranimasi dapat
menyampaikan lebih informasi kerana mampu menyediakan imej yang
berurutan berbanding dengan imej statik. Infografik beranimasi sesuai
dalam memahami konsep dan isu-isu yang kurang difahami. Oleh itu,
infografik beranimasi sebagai alat untuk penyebaran dakwah atau dalam
perkataan lain ialah Islamik infografik beranimasi menjadi salah satu
teknik yang amat berguna dalam memahami ilmu-ilmu Islam pada era ICT
dengan menggunakan sepenuh kelebihan teknologi yang ada. Islamik
infografik beranimasi adalah salah satu alternatif dalam memartabatkan
syiar Islam. Tujuan Islamik infografik beranimasi adalah untuk
menyampaikan mesej Islam melalui cara yang kreatif, ringkas beserta reka
corak yang menarik. Perkara ini juga mampu bertindak sebagai alternatif
dan platform untuk berdakwah.
196
SECTION A: RESPONDENT PROFILE (Profil responden) Please tick (√) the column that best reflect yourself.
(Sila tandakan (√) dalam ruang yang menunjukkan diri anda)
Q1. Gender (Jantina)
Male (Lelaki)
Female (Perempuan)
Q2. Age (Umur)
20 or less (20 tahun atau kurang)
21 - 25
26 - 30
31 - 35
36 - 40
41 or above (41 tahun atau lebih)
Q3. Area of expertise (Bidang kepakaran)
Design (Rekabentuk)
Islamic Studies (Pengajian Islam)
Other _______________
Q4. Occupation (Pekerjaan)
Student (Pelajar)
Designer (Pereka)
Islamic Preacher (Pendakwah Islam)
Other ________________
197
SECTION B: THE ACCEPTANCE OF USE (Penerimaan
untuk mengguna)
In this section, we aim to assess the acceptance level of use for the Islamic
animated infographic. Please ‘circle’ or ‘tick’ your best answer. Kindly
indicate your response by using the following scale.
Dalam bahagian ini, saya ingin menilai tahap penerimaan penggunaan
Islamik infografik beranimasi. Sila ‘bulatkan’ atau ‘tandakan’ jawapan anda.
Tandakan respon anda dengan menggunakan skala berikut.
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
No. The acceptance level of Islamic 1 2 3 4 5
animated infographic
(Tahap penerimaan Islamik infografik
beranimasi)
1. I find the Islamic animated infographic 1 2 3 4 5
very useful in my life.
(Saya dapati Islamik infografik
beranimasi amat berguna dalam hidup
saya)
198
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
2 Islamic animated infographic increase my 1 2 3 4 5
knowledge of Islam.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi
meningkatkan ilmu saya tentang Islam)
3. Islamic animated infographic make the 1 2 3 4 5
knowledge of Islam more interesting.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi
menjadikan ilmu tentang Islam bertambah
menarik)
4. I intend to watch Islamic animated 1 2 3 4 5
infographic for different topics.
(Saya berhasrat untuk menonton Islamik
infografik beranimasi untuk topik yang
berbeza)
5. I will suggest Islamic animated 1 2 3 4 5
infographic to other people.
(Saya akan mencadangkan Islamik
infografik beranimasi kepada orang lain)
199
SECTION C: CONTENT OF ISLAMIC ANIMATED
INFOGRAPHIC (Kandungan Islamik infografik beranimasi)
In this section, we aim to assess the content of Islamic animated infographic
for the da’wah dissemination Please ‘circle’ or ‘tick’ your best answer.
Kindly indicate your response by using the following scale.
Dalam bahagian ini, saya ingin menilai kandungan Islamik infografik
beranimasi untuk penyebaran dakwah. Sila ‘bulatkan’ atau ‘tandakan’
jawapan anda. Tandakan respon anda dengan menggunakan skala berikut.
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
No. Content of the Islamic animated 1 2 3 4 5
infographic
(Kandungan Islamik infografik
beranimasi)
1. The information is clear enough. 1 2 3 4 5
(Informasi yang cukup jelas) Info
2. Provides the precise information based on 1 2 3 4 5
the fact from the Al-Quran.
(Menyediakan informasi yangtepat
berdasarkan fakta daripada Al-Quran )
200
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
3. Provides the precise information based on 1 2 3 4 5
the fact from the Hadith.
(Menyediakaninformasi yang tepat
berdasarkan fakta daripada Hadis)
4. The information contains the commandment 1 2 3 4 5
in the Islamic teaching.
(Informasi mempunyai perintah larangan
dalam pengajaran Islam)
5. Serves a better understanding to retain the 1 2 3 4 5
information for long-term memory.
(Menyediakan kefahaman yang mencukupi
untuk mengekal informasi bagi jangka masa
yang panjang)
7. The information is delivered by using harsh 1 2 3 4 5
words.
(Informasi yang disampaikan menggunakan
perkataan yang kasar)
201
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
8. The information contains manipulative 1 2 3 4 5
facts.
(Informasi mempunyai fakta yang
dimanipulasi)
9. Islamic animated infographic are considered 1 2 3 4 5
as a part of worshiping acts in Muslim life.
Com (Islamik infografik beranimasi dikira
sebagai sebahagian daripada ibadat dalam
kehidupan seorang Muslim)
10. Islamic animated infographic make me 1 2 3 4 5
remember God.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi menjadikan
saya mengingati kepada Tuhan)
202
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
11. Communication element should contain the 1 2 3 4 5
component of da’wah (propogating of
Islam) which is the principle of al-amru bi
ma’ruf wa al-nahyi munkar (commanding
good and forbidding evil)
(Elemen komunikasi perlu mempunyai
komponen dakwah (menyebarkan Islam)
iaitu prinsip al-amru bi ma’ruf wa al-nahyi
munkar (melakukan kebaikan dan
meninggalkan larangan))
12. Communicative activities in Islamic 1 2 3 4 5
animated infographic would increase my
level of Taqwa (conscious of Allah)
(Aktiviti komunikasi dalam Islamik
infografik beranimasi mampu meningkatkan
tahap ketakwaaan saya)
13. Islamic animated infographic are able to be 1 2 3 4 5
the importantfactor in spreading the
da’wah.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi mampu
menjadi faktor yang penting dalam
penyebaran dakwah)
203
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
14. Islamic animated infographic bring benefits 1 2 3 4 5
to people.
Tech (Islamik infografik beranimasi membawa
kebaikan kepada manusia)
15. Islamic animated infographic assist me to 1 2 3 4 5
become a better person.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi membantu
saya untuk menjadi manusia yang baik)
16. Contains attractive technology-based 1 2 3 4 5
context.
(Mempunyai konteks yang berasaskan
teknologi yang menarik)
17. Adequate motion graphic elements. (For 1 2 3 4 5
examples: color, typography, sound)
(Elemen grafik pergerakan yang
mencukupi. Sebagai contoh: warna,
tipografi, bunyi)
18. Contributes towards my deeds 1 2 3 4 5
advancement.
(Memberi sumbangan terhadap kemajuan
tindakan saya)
204
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
19. Provides a specific knowledge of Islam. 1 2 3 4 5
(Menyediakan ilmu Islam yang spesifik)
20. Designers need to collaborate with the 1 2 3 4 5
religious people to produce more Islamic-
based interactive product.
(Pereka perlu bekerjasama dengan
golongan ahli agama untuk menghasilkan
lebih banyak produk interaktif yang
berasaskan Islamik)
21. Invented technology should be sophisticated 1 2 3 4 5
in order to attract more people to learn
deeply about Islam.
(Teknologi yang dicipta perlu canggih
dalam usaha menarik minat orang ramai
untuk mempelajari Islam dengan lebih
mendalam)
22. Islamic animated infographic bring benefits 1 2 3 4 5
to the life of a Muslim.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi membawa
kebaikan kepada kehidupan seorang
Muslim)
205
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Disagree (Tidak Neutral Agree Agree
(Sangat Tidak Bersetuju) (Neutral) (Bersetuju) (Sangat
Bersetuju)
Bersetuju)
1 2 3 4 5
23. Islamic animated infographic can be the 1 2 3 45
best platform of da’wah to non-Muslims.
(Islamik infografik beranimasi boleh
menjadi platform yang terbaik dalam
dakwah kepada orang bukan Muslim)
END OF QUESTIONNAIRES Thank you again for your participation in
this survey. Your contribution to this study is highly appreciated.
Terima kasih atas kerjasama anda
206
APPENDIX - D
Research Ideation Canvas
Working The Acceptance Level of Animated Infographics as a Tool for Thesis Title An Islamic Animated Infographic Model For Da’wah Dissemination:
Title: The Da’wah Dissemination (Final): A Case Study of Prophet’s Sunnah in Eating and Drinking.
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
ICT should become a
tool used by the
users that
corresponding with
Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah
which is darūriyyāt
(basic necessities)
It able in helping in
spreading the da’wah
message more broadly
Islamic animated
infographics as a tool
for the da’wah
dissemination
becomes one of the
alternative ways to
understand the
Islamic knowledge in
era of ICT.
PROBLEM
There is a lack of
L specific model to
assist in producing a
I
good Islamic
T animated
E infographic.
R
A
T
U
R
E
R E
V
I
E
W
RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY
To determine the Exploratory research
elements for Islamic
design which belongs
R
E animated to a group of non-
infographic model.
experimental
S
research. It involved
E
To evaluate the
assessment of the
A
elements of Islamic experts and survey to
R
animated the target
C
infographic model respondents. H that affect towards
the level of Q acceptance in
U da’wah.
E
S To propose a model of Islamic animated T infographic for the
I da’wah
O dissemination.
N S
RESULT DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
A The assessment The elements consist Da’wah using
evaluation of
of information,
technology is not N
prototype design from
communication and
meant to replace the
A
the design and Islamic technology which da’wah that has
L
Studies experts proposed the model been done by the
Y showed good response was highlighted Prophet Muhammad
S to become one of the from the result of PBUH but da’wah
I alternative methods to highest and lowest must be carried out
S disseminate the rank of Islamic in line with the
da’wah through
animated
times so that the
Islamic animated infographic items missionary of Islam
infographic and elements. can be delivered
D more efficiently and
Positive feedback was
effectively. A
obtained from the
T respondent's survey.
A Items of the elements
were identified as the highest and lowest ranking of Islamic
L animated infographic
R shown which items and elements were most highlighted.
207
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Nur Nazihah Rahim, Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir, Anuar Mohd Yusof, Khairul
Azhar Mat Daud, Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage, Universiti
Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia. Towards A Conceptual Framework Of
Animated Infographics In An Islamic Context. 1st
International Islamic
Heritage Conference 2015 (1st
ISHEC 2015), Malacca, Malaysia, Pages 38-
48, ISBN: 978-967-0637-13-6, 11-12 November 2015
Mohamad Fauzan Noordin, Irma Pammusu, Shuhada Sulong, Nur Nazihah
Rahim. Islamic Perspective Exploratory Review: Creative Multimedia
Technology as an Innovative Tool for Da’wah Dissemination. Jurnal
Antarabangsa ‘Creative Futures’ dan Warisan, Jilid 1 Bil. 2 ISSN 2289-
4527, December 2015.
Nur Nazihah Rahim, Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir, Anuar Mohd Yusof, Aznan
Zuhid Saidin. Designing The Data Collection Instrument For The
Da’wah Dissemination In Animated Infographics. Prosiding Kolokium
Pascasiswazah Teknologi Kreatif dan Warisan 2015.
Nur Nazihah Rahim, Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir, Anuar Mohd Yusof, Aznan
Zuhid Saidin. An Assessment of Quality on Animated Infographics in an
Islamic Context. International Conference on Teaching and Learning in
Education (ICTLE2016), 1-2 March 2016.
210