An Overview of the Livestock and Poultry IndustriesChapter 2

Livestock Industry Livestock commodities comprise 50% of the

total agricultural cash receipts (ERS/USDA, 2005)

The five leading states in total cash receipts for agriculture are:

1. California2. Texas3. Iowa4. Nebraska5. Illinois

Beef Industry Cattle, including domestic water buffalo,

contribute food, fiber, fuel to the 5.8 billion people of the world

In developed countries, cattle normally supply food

In developing countries beef is a secondary product as draft animal power and milk are the primary products

Top 5 Countries in Beef Production Cattle Numbers

1. India2. China3. US4. Brazil5. Argentina

Beef Production1. US2. Brazil3. EU-254. China5. Argentina

Beef Industry Exports

Brazil27.8%

Australia20.3%

India 11.4%

New Zealand 7.7%

Argentina 7.1%

Imports US Russian Federation Japan EU-25 Mexico

Beef and Veal ConsumptionCountry Per capita

consumptionArgentina 65.2

United States 42.9

Uruguay 39.3

Brazil 36.9

Australia 36.3Sources: USDA -FAS attache reports, official statistics, and results of office research. Population statistics from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center.

Beef Industry Production of beef has

increased recently with a reduction in cattle numbers Average carcass wt

increased Increased number of cattle

per feedlot Reduction in market age More cross-breeding

Cattle Production is made up of several segments Seedstock producers Cow-Calf Stocker-Yearling Feedlots Packers Retailers Consumers

Beef Inventory Cattle Inventory

1. Texas2. Kansas3. Nebraska4. California5. Oklahoma

Cattle on Feed1. Texas2. Nebraska3. Kansas4. Colorado5. Iowa

Which country has had the biggest increase in exports of beef in the last 5 years?Brazil

Why are imports to Japan from the US lower than previous years?

BSE, traceability to verify BSE controls, age verification, bone chips and political wrangling.

Which country has the most cattle numbers?Which country produces the most beef?IndiaUnited States

Pounds of beef produced has increased whereas number of cattle has reduced. How has this happened?

Average carcass weight has increased Increased number of animals through

feedlot Reduction in market age More cross-breeding

What states have the most cattle on feed?

Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Iowa

Dairy Industry Milk products are produced and consumed

in most countries of the world Cows milk is the most common product

but other species are used for milk productionBuffalo, goat, sheep, camel

World Dairy Cow Numbers and Milk Production Cattle Numbers

1. India2. EU-253. Brazil4. Russian Federation5. United States

Production per cow1. United States2. Japan3. Canada4. EU-255. Australia

World Milk Production1,000 Metric tons

EU-25 132,300 United States 82,582 India 39,450 China 33,800 Russia 32,200

Dairy Industry Other products produced such as butter,

cheese and dried milk products are more likely to be exported than fluid milk.

Dairy Exports by Country

Milk Products Butter

India EU-25 United States New Zealand Russia

Cheese EU-25 United States Brazil Egypt Argentina

Milk Products Whole Milk Powder

China New Zealand Brazil Argentina Australia

Non-fat Dry Milk United States India New Zealand Australia Japan

US Dairy Industry The average US dairy has approximately 100

milking cows, 30 dry cows, 30 heifers and 25 calves

Dairy producers market the milk through cooperatives

Nearly 60% of the US dairy herd is concentrated in large dairy farms

These large dairies represent 9% of the farms with milk cows, but are responsible for more than half of the milk production

US Dairy ProductionState Production

1 California 37,564 mill lbs

2 Wisconsin 22,866 mill lbs

3 New York 12,078 mill lbs

4 Pennsylvania 10,503 mill lbs

5 Idaho 10,161 mill lbs

Which single country leads the world in fluid milk production per cow?United States

Which three countries export the most dairy products?Germany, New Zealand, France

Which three countries produce the most non-fat dry milk?

United States, India, New Zealand

True or False: Large dairies represent 9% of cattle but produce greater than half of the milk produced.

True

Horse Industry Horses were domesticated about 5,000

years ago Horses were the last animals to be

domesticated. Horses were first used as food, then for

war, sports and draft purposes. There were no horses in North America

when Columbus arrived

Countries with the Largest Horse, Donkey and Mule Numbers

Horses Donkeys Mules

1 China 1 China 1 China

2 Brazil 2 Ethiopia 2 Mexico

3 Mexico 3 Pakistan 3 Brazil

4 United States 4 Mexico 4 Columbia

5 Argentina 5 Egypt 5 Ethiopia

US Horse Industry Number of horses in the US reduced

drastically after World War I. Increased use of motor-powered

equipment took the place of horse power. The US horse industry generates $25

billion in goods and services annually

States with the Largest Horse Numbers

1. Texas2. California3. Florida4. Oklahoma5. Illinois

US Horse Industry The horse industry directly produces goods and

services of $25.3 billion and has a total impact of $112.1 billion on U.S. gross domestic product.

Racing, showing and recreation each contribute more than 25% to the total value of goods and services produced by the industry. 

The horse industry has a direct economic effect in the urban areas of $2.8 billion and employs 45,800 FTE employees. In rural areas, the direct economic effect is $22.5 billion and employs 292,700 FTE employees.

US Horse Industry How Many People are Involved in the

Industry?7.1 million Americans are involved in the

industry as horse owners, service providers, employees and volunteers.

The horse industry is a diverse, broad-based activity with stakeholders including large numbers of recreational and show horse riders, and moderate-income track, show and stable employees and volunteers.

Number of Horses & Participants by ActivityActivity No. of Horses No. of Participants

Racing 725,000 941,400

Showing 1,974,000 3,607,900

Recreation 2,970,000 4,346,100

Other* 1,262,000 1,607,900

Total 6,931,000 7,062,500**

*Includes farm and ranch work, police work, rodeo and polo

**The sum of participants by activity does not equal the total number of participants because individuals could be counted in more than one activity.

Which country has the largest number of horses, donkeys and mules?

China

What happened to the horse numbers in the US after World War I? Why?

ReducedIncreased use of motor-powered equipment

Poultry Industry Poultry applies to chickens, turkeys,

geese, ducks, pigeons, peafowl, and guineas

Chickens, ducks and turkeys dominate the world poultry industry

Chickens originated in Southeast Asia Darwin concluded that domestic chickens

originated from Red Jungle Fowl

World Poultry Production Chicken Production

United States China EU -25 Mexico India

Egg Production China United States Japan

Turkey Production United States EU-25 Brazil Canada

Broiler Consumption United Arab Emirates 60.3 United States 46.3 Kuwait 43.0 Hong Kong 38.8 Malaysia 38.3

US Poultry Industry Income from the US Poultry industry

exceeds $21 billion The US industry is primarily in the

southeastern US The US industry produces 6.9 billion total

broilers The modern mechanized poultry industry

of the US emerged during the late 1950’s

US Poultry Industry Egg Production

1. Ohio2. California3. Pennsylvania4. Iowa5. Indiana

US Poultry Industry Poultry industry highly integrated Many broiler and turkey producers are

contracted by large companies to raise birds

85% of the eggs marketed are from large commercial producers

Efficiency of production of chicken, turkey and eggs has increased in the last few years

Which country leads the world in chicken and turkey production? Consumption?United StatesUnited Arab Emirates

Which area of the United States has the largest concentration of broiler production?Southeast – Georgia, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina

True or False: The poultry industry is highly integrated.True

Sheep and Goat Industry Sheep and goats both originated in

Europe and the cooler portions of Asia. Sheep are distinguished from goats by the

absence of a beard, less odor and glands on all four feet.

Sheep and goats are important ruminants in temperate and tropical regions

Sheep and Goat Industry Sheep and goats are better adapted than cattle

to arid tropics Goats graze browse (shrubs) and some forbs

while cattle graze tall grasses and some forbs and sheep graze short grasses and some forbs.

More than 60% of the world sheep numbers are in temperate regions while 80% of the goats are in tropical or subtropical

Top 5 Countries in Sheep Production Sheep Numbers

1. China2. Australia3. India4. Iran5. New Zealand

Sheep meat Production1. China2. EU- 253. Australia4. New Zealand5. Iran

Top 5 Countries for Goat Production Goat Numbers

1. China2. India3. Pakistan4. Bangladesh5. Nigeria

Meat Production1. China2. Pakistan3. India4. Nigeria5. Bangladesh

US Sheep Industry Sheep numbers

reached a high in 1942 of 56 million declining to approximately 7 million in 1999

Cost of production offset increase in price per pound

Difference in raising techniques Midwest and West

Coast farm-flocks Western States

primarily range-flocks

Major Sheep Producing States1. Texas2. California3. Wyoming4. Colorado5. South Dakota

What is the difference between sheep and goats?Sheep don’t have beards, less odor and glands on all four feet.

What is the difference in grazing patterns for cows and goats?Goats graze browse and some forbs whereas cattle graze grasses and some forbs

Which three countries have the highest sheepmeat production?

China, EU-25, Australia

Swine Industry Swine are widely distributed throughout

the world. 50% of the world swine production occurs

in China Swine production in US is more productive

on a per head basis

Top 5 Countries in Pork Production Swine Numbers

1. China2. US3. Brazil4. Germany5. Poland

Pork Production1. China2. EU – 25 3. US4. Brazil5. Russian Federation

World Pork Consumption1. Hong Kong 65.32. EU-25 43.93. China 41.94. Taiwan 41.35. Romania 34.6

US Swine Industry Swine production in the US is

concentrated heavily in the corn Belt This area produces most of the nation’s

corn and soybeans During the past 20 years the number of

hog farms has significantly decreased. The number of hogs raised per farm has

increased.

US Swine Industry Four primary types of swine operations

Feeder pig operationsFeeder pig to finishing operationsFarrow to Finish operationsSeedstock operations (including multiplier

herds for breeding companies)

In what area of the US is pork production concentrated?Corn Belt

What are the four primary types of swine operations1. Feeder pig2. Feeder to finish3. Farrow to finish4. Seedstock production

True or False? The US produces more than 50% of the pork in the world.

FalseChina produces 50% of the world pork.

Which country has the largest pork consumption?Hong Kong

Other Animal Industries Aquaculture

FinfishCrustaceansMollusks

Global fish production has expanded at such a large rate that the per-capita supply has nearly doubled

Aquaculture produces 26% of the world’s supply of food fish

Aquaculture Production as a Share of Total Marine and Freshwater Fish Harvest, 1984-95

Share of Global Aquaculture ProductionCountry % Share of Global ProductionChina 57

India 9

Japan 4

Indonesia 4

Thailand 3

United States 2

Philippines 2

Korea, Republic of 2

Other Countries 17

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 1996 (FAO, Rome, 1997), p. 12.

Table 1.4.4. Production (mt) by commodity group and APRs (%).

Groups 1984 1989 1995 APR 84/89

APR90/95

APR 84/95

Freshwater Fishes

3,557,718 6,855,331 12,727,038 14.0 12.0 12.3

Aquatic Plants

3,446,524 3,415,895 6,812,879 -0.2 15.8 6.4

Molluscs 1,997,002 2,943,729 5,087,068 8.1 11.4 8.9

Diadromous Fishes

680,903 932,071 1,388,539 6.5 4.0 6.7

Crustaceans 231,798 702,292 1,126,632 24.8 8.1 15.5

Marine Fishes

209,684 282,692 573,332 6.2 13.2 9.6

TOTAL 10,123,629 15,132,010 27,715,488 8.4 12.1 9.6

US Aquaculture Aquaculture in the United States exceeds $1.09

billion Catfish farming is the largest aquaculture activity

in the US. Mississippi produces about 70% of the US total. Trout production is the second largest sector

with Idaho accounting for 75% of the production Third largest aquaculture sector in the U.S. is

the crawfish industry Louisiana produces 25-50 million pounds per year

US Aquaculture One of the most attractive aspects of fish

farming is the feed conversion rate 1.3 lb of feed per lb of gain

Advantages Major market US major grain producer

Disadvantages Most farm raised fish are tropical Labor costs higher Regulations

Types of Aquaculture Production Systems Pond culture: extensive farming in small shallow ponds Raceway culture: Traditional farming of salmonids which readily

acclimated to the cool waters of the temperate zones and high mountains.

Cage culture: The salmonids have readily adapted to other intensive systems, particularly farming in floating cages. Rainbow trout adapted to saltwater are now cultured by such practices, and two species of Pacific salmon, the silver or coho and king or spring

Ocean ranching: The oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean are rich in natural resources of planktonic organisms ideal for migratory salmonids.

Off-bottom and on-bottom culture of molluscs: The majority of molluscs are produced off-bottom, suspended from floating rafts or longlines. Others are managed on tidal beds.

US Aquaculture

Alternative Species Ostrich and Emu

Both relatively new to the U.S. Deer Farming

many different species red deer wapiti (elk) white tail red fallow deer

Major market in by-products Bison

What are the largest aquaculture activities in the United StatesCatfishTroutCrawfish

Which country has the largest production of aquaculture?China

What are the three types of aquaculture?

FinfishCrustaceansMollusks

What is the largest production of aquaculture species in the world?

Finfish

Which US states produce the most aquaculture?Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama

What are some alternative livestock species?Ostrich and EmuDeer – red deer, wapiti, white tail, red fallow deerBison