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Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit.

Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

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Page 1: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Analog Meters

An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit.

Page 2: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

 The tangent galvanometer   Hans Christian Ørsted who, in 1820, 

observed a compass needle was deflected from pointing North when a current flowed 

in an adjacent wire.

The tangent galvanometer was used to measure currents using this effect

Page 3: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

The D'Arsonval galvanometer is a  moving coil ammeter. It uses magnetic deflection, where current passing through a coil causes the coil to move in a magnetic field.

Page 4: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Other types of the Ammeter

• Moving iron • Electrodynamic• a hot-wire ammeter• Digital ammeter

Page 5: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit
Page 6: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit
Page 7: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit
Page 8: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

We said the ammeter can measure only milliamperes at most, so how can measure a higher current?

Page 9: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

a resistor called a shunt is placed in parallel with the meter. The resistances of shunts is in the integer to fractional milliohm range. Nearly all of the current flows through the shunt, and only a small fraction flows through the meter.

Page 10: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

i

isim

Page 11: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Hence:

Vs=Vm

IsRs=ImRm

Rs=)Im/Im)Rm

I=Is+Im   

Is=I-Im

Rs=(Im/I-Im)Rm

Page 12: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

The Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in 

the milliampere or microampere range, are 

designated as milliammeters or microamm

eters.

Page 13: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Made By :Abedalhamid(0096294)

Page 14: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Multi-Range Ammeter

( Ayrton Bridge )

Made by : Zaid Al-Ali (0094310)

Page 15: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Small Introduction …

• In practical terms, ammeters with a single range are not very useful. However there are some exceptions such as Marine meters-voltage, fuel, Power station meters (voltage, frequency) and automotive meters (ammeter, tachometer).All of which have one useful range.

• To make an ammeter to measure several ranges at once, one approach is to have a separate shunt resistor for each range and we can calculate each resistor value of the shunt.

Page 16: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

There’s a problem needed to be fixed

• By referring to the Figure, theposition of the switch, one of R1 to R4 would be connected as a shunt across the meter. However, a problem may have with thus arrangement. At the point when the switch is moved from position 1 to position 2, the PMMC movement will be forced to pass a current that may be more than full scale deflection current, fsd I . This will most likely destroy the meter, or at best blow a fuse.

Page 17: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

The solution …

• Hence, to solve of this problem another ways of connection can be used. Those are a make-before-break switch and a Universal or Ayrton Shunt.The make-before-switch establishes contact with the next contact position before losing contact with the existing connection. In this manner, the shunt resistors are never removed from the circuit and the PMMC movement is always protected.

Page 18: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Design Procedure …• Calculation for circuit in the Figure to provide an ammeter with a current 

range of 0 −100mA,0 −150mA, 0 − 300mA and I A fsd = 100μ .• Firstly, voltage across resistors R1, R2 and R3 parallel with the voltage Rm.Hence,

VSH = VRm

ISH RSH = IM RM

But, I = ISH + Ifsd

so, ISH = I – Ifsd

Page 19: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

For range 0 −100mA,(100m −100μ )(R3 + R2 + R1) = 100μRm99.9m(R3 + R2 + R1) = 100μRm ----------- (1)

For range 0 −150mA,(150m −100μ )(R2 + R1) = 100μRm149.9m(R2 + R1) = 100μ (Rm + R3) ------- (2)(R2 + R1) = 667.11μ (Rm + R3) ------------- (3)

For range 0 − 300mA,(300m −100μ )(R1) = 100μRm299.9m(R1) = 100μ (Rm + R3 + R2)R1 = 333.44μ (Rm + R3 + R2) ---------------- (4)

By solving these four equations , the values of R3, R2 and R1 are :

Page 20: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Simulation Part …

Using Multisim Software ....

Ammeter

Page 21: Analog Meters An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit

Simulation Part …

             shunt DC Multi-range ammeter